MXPA06009916A - Three-dimensional reverse tanking membranes - Google Patents

Abstract

Shaped waterproofing membranes having three-dimensional contours are useful for the"reverse tanking"waterproofing of detail areas such as those presented by"tiebacks,"pipes, pile caps, and other irregularities that occur on concrete formworks and other civil construction or building surfaces. A preferred method for making such membranes is to thermoform a membrane laminate, having a carrier support sheet, waterproofing adhesive, and optionally a protective coating layer, as a single unit.

Description

THREE-DIMENSIONAL INVERSE STORE MEMBRANES Field of the Invention The present invention relates to water-proof inverse-tank membranes, which are attached to recently poured concrete, and more particularly to membranes having three-dimensional contours to create unified moisture barriers. in and around detailed areas and other surface irregularities. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Water-proof membranes having flexible plastic sheets for transporting a pressure sensitive, preformed adhesive layer have been used for several years to provide protection to the surfaces of existing buildings. The adhesive layers are typically manufactured from rubber modified bitumen, which is aggressively tacky and is covered by a release sheet before sticking the membrane to the surface of the substrate. A technique for waterproof "inverse tank deposition" is described in U.S. Patent 4,994,328 of Cogliano (bituminous adhesive) and U.S. Patent 5,316,848 to Bartlett et al. (Non-bituminous synthetic adhesive). According to this technique, the waterproof membrane is first glued to the back side of its transport sheet against a "formwork" (ie, the concrete mold usually formed with boards or wooden boards joined together). As a result, the waterproof adhesive layers look outward. A concrete structure is created by emptying the concrete against the formwork surface covered with the membrane, and this can be named as "post-emptying", or "post-applied". The adhesive layer is covered by a protective elastomeric coating layer, a particle coating layer, or an array of both (i.e., either individually, mixed together as a layer, or arranged as discrete layers), to protect the adhesive of dirt and damage. This layer of protective coating (either the polymeric or particle layer) also operates to reduce the adhesive. The outer surface is further protected by a sheet coating or release sheet (which must be removed before fresh concrete is poured against the adhesive / protective coating layers). After curing, the concrete is glued with the adhesive / protective coating layers, and therefore the waterproof bonding is achieved in "reverse" order. Therefore, in the world of waterproofing it can be said that the waterproofing is "pre-applied" since it precedes the concrete structure, in turn, it is said that the concrete is "post-emptied" or "post-emptied". applies "since it follows the installation of the waterproofing.

Reverse waterproofing is discussed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,496,615 and 6,500,520 which show the use of particle coating layers. In the? 615 patent, inorganic particles are used to resist foot traffic when the membrane is installed on a horizontal surface. In the '520 patent, the particles are applied on top of a layer of adhesive to improve adhesion with the concrete, by reaction with the calcium hydroxide generated during the hydration of the cement. One of the difficulties of reverse waterproofing is to achieve the continuity of the waterproofing in detail areas (ie, surface irregularities), and the special, in the detailed "back-links" or "ties". The ties are the terminal ends of the rods or the cables that support the formwork and find projections at intervals through the surface of the formwork. Other irregularities of the surface include penetration areas such as where the tubes or the moldings of the piles extends through the formwork. Fig. 1 illustrates the present process used in the industry to waterproof "ties" in concrete formworks. The mats or sheets or drainage sheets, which usually involve a cloth attached to a sheet or sheet of fine core, they are placed against the wooden formwork, and covered with sheet or sheets of waterproofing membrane of inverted cistern, previously described above. Such laminate materials are available from Grace Construction Product, Cambridge, Massachusetts, under the trademarks HYDODUCT® (drainage) and PREPRUFE® (waterproofing membranes). These laminated materials need to be cut and adapted to encircle the area in the formwork occupied by the tie, which can be as large as a man's thorax. As shown in Fig. 1, a wooden or metal box must be manufactured and fixed on the tie. The box is secured to the formwork, such as by screws or clamps, with a few drops of adhesive to seal around the edges against the formwork. The box is filled with rubber to seal liquid or cement mortar to prevent twisting or collapse of the box due to pouring concrete. As shown in Fig. 2, the box is covered with waterproof strips or tapes. The ribbons are available as a double-sided adhesive "tape" from Grace Construction Products under the trademark PREPRUFE®. One lato has sticky adhesive that sticks on the box and surrounds the formwork, the other side has a coated adhesive layer to bond the post-cast concrete. Although Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate a finished "box-shaped" tape, the current waterproofing of the box with the tapes requires careful work. The tape strips must be overlapped to provide a continuous barrier over and around the tie. Making, fastening and waterproofing each box in a binding detail requires approximately 30 minutes or more. In the formwork facilities that exceed a thousand square feet, one can confront a hundred ties. Providing waterproofing for such areas of detail would therefore require work days. In view of the above disadvantages, a new method and the waterproofing membrane system are necessary to reduce the labor costs in waterproofing installations where there are ties, pipe penetrations, pylon shoe penetrations and other irregularities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In order to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides "inverse stagnation" waterproofing for detail areas and other surface irregularities. An exemplary waterproofing membrane of the invention, which has a three-dimensional contour completely or partially surrounded by a flat collar portion, can be disposed over fastenings and other surface irregularities and is sewn with conventional reverse stagnation membranes to provide a barrier of continuous waterproofing. Preferably, such shaped membranes are used in combination with support structures molded with the corresponding shape to prevent the membranes from collapsing under the weight of the post-cast concrete (i.e., the concrete being emptied against them after they have been installed). ). In an exemplary method of the invention, a rigid molded plastic or metal dome is placed on a tie and is attached to the formwork, and a "shaped" waterproofing membrane having a corresponding dome shape is fixed on the support and sew with the adjacent "sheet-shaped or sheet-like" waterproofing membranes over the formwork to provide a continuous barrier against moisture. The term "shaped" will be used to define the internal stagnation membranes of the invention, in contrast to the term "in sheet or sheet form" which will be used to define the reverse stagnation membranes (typically supplied in the form of rolls) . As another example, a waterproofing membrane having a three dimensional shape, such as a sleeve with a circular or conical shape, surrounded by a contiguous flat collar portion., can be used to waterproof around penetrations such as pipes and footings of piles. Membranes formed in three dimensions, having shapes such as domes, cones, pyramid cylinders, or other three-dimensional shapes, will save several otherwise necessary steps to pre a continuous barrier in the penetration joints. Such membranes can have at least one or both of the major surfaces coated with one or more layers of conventional waterproof adhesive (eg, rubberized asphalt, synthetic polymeric adhesives, clay-based adhesives, etc.) which are operative to stick with the fresh concrete. The present invention is also directed to waterproofed structures formed by the methods described herein, as well as shaped waterproofing membranes, and methods for manufacturing such membranes. An exemplary method for manufacturing shaped membranes comprises: pring a laminate having a support sheet, carrier, and contiguous therewith, a pressure sensitive waterproofing adhesive layer, optionally with a protective polymeric coating layer and / or a protective layer coating of particles on the adhesive layer; and molding the laminate as a piece to provide a shaped waterproofing membrane having a three-dimensional contour that is completely or partially surrounded by a flat collar portion. Preferably, the carrier support sheet comprises a polyolefin blend that is operable to be molded below 148.89 ° C (300 ° F). More preferably, the support sheet comprises a mixture of LDPE and HDPE resins and the pressure sensitive adhesive is a synthetic non-bituminous adhesive (eg, SIS). The choice of material is such that the laminate can be thermally molded in a three dimensional contour, at temperatures below 148.89 ° C (300 ° F), and more preferably below 121.11 ° C (250 ° F), without destroying the continuity of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or the protective coating layer, or the ability of these layers to provide a waterproofing adhesion to the post-cast concrete. Other advantages and features of the invention are discussed in detail hereinafter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic side-view diagram of a PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE method for waterproofing detailed areas, such as ties, in a concrete formwork; Fig. 2 is another perspective flat diagram of the PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE method illustrated in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a diagram of a shaped waterproofing membrane, exemplifying the invention, shown with an exemplary shaped supporting device, optional for covering a fastening or other surface irregularity; and Fig. 4 is a diagram of another exemplary shaped waterproofing membrane of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The waterproofing systems described herein are made to stick with the fresh cementitious compositions that are emptied against them and allowed to harden. Cementitious compositions, such as concrete or mortar, which are thus applied to waterproofing membranes, are sometimes known to be "post-evacuated" or "post-applied." The term "cement" and "cementitious composition" are used to refer to dry powders as well as to pastes, grouted mortars, and concrete compositions comprising a hydratable cement binder. The terms "paste", "mortar" and "concrete" are technical terms: pastes are mixtures composed of a hydratable cement binder (usually, but not exclusively, Portland cement, masonry cement, or mortar cement). Mortars are pastes that additionally include fine aggregates (eg, sand), and concretes are mortars that additionally include coarse aggregates (eg, crushed gravel, stone). The cementitious compositions are typically formed by mixing the hydratable cement, water, and the fine and / or coarse aggregates. As shown in FIG. 3, an exemplary "shaped" waterproofing membrane 10 and optional exemplary support structure 30 can be used to provide a continuous waterproofing barrier over a tie 40 or other surface detail on the surface of the substrate. the construction, before the concrete was post-emptied on it. As illustrated in the magnified view (the enlarged circle) in Fig. 3, the waterproofing membrane 10 comprises at least one support sheet 12, carrier, having a first and a second opposing major surfaces, and, glued to a first main surface of this, at least one continuous layer 14 of pressure-sensitive waterproofing adhesive, operative to stick with concrete or post-cast mortar. Optionally, but preferably, a protective layer 16, such as an elastomer coating, a particle layer, or a mixture thereof (e.g., particles mixed in the elastomer) or an array thereof (e.g., the discrete particle layer) on top of or partially embedded in an elastomeric layer) operates to protect the adhesive layer 14 from dirt and debris. For example, support sheet 12, carrier, layer 14 of pressure sensitive waterproofing adhesive, and optional protective layer 16 may comprise materials and incorporate the thickness dimensions shown in U.S. Patents 5,316,848 and 5,496,615 to Bartlett et al. al., wherein this teaches that the carrier support sheet can be made of a thermoplastic, rubber, or metal, in the form of a continuous film, a woven material, or a nonwoven material. Particularly suitable thermoplastics for use in the present invention include high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamides (PA), or combinations of these. While HDPE was the carrier carrier sheet material preferred by Bartlett et al., The present inventors prefer to use, to fabricate the shaped waterproofing membranes 10 of the present invention, a carrier sheet 12, carrier in the form of a continuous film made of a mixture of polyolefins. More preferably, the mixture comprises low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE). The carrier support sheet 12 can be manufactured by laminar extrusion of the polymer or polymer mixture through a wide slot die and / or calendered the sheet between two opposed rolls to achieve a relatively uniform thickness. The use of LDPE in the polyolefin blend is preferred because of its increased ease of term molding (thermoforming). This is because the preferred method of the present invention involves thermoforming the carrier support sheet 12 and the preformed waterproofing adhesive layer 14, and optionally a protective layer 16, collectively as an integral unit, for example, as a unified laminate. Other blends of polyolefins may be possible for carrier sheet 12, carrier, such as very low density polyethylene (VLDPE) and HDPE or polypropylene. While it is possible to mold the carrier sheet 12, carrier separately, followed by the subsequent application of the waterproofing adhesive 14 and the optional protective layer 16 as separate coating, the use of term molding ("thermoforming") to obtain a membrane 10 of formed waterproofing, of three dimensions from a unified laminate, will save time and provide economic advantages. The thickness of the individual layers may change during thermoforming, which is the preferred method for manufacturing the shaped membranes, and therefore the initial thickness of the layers must be chosen with this in mind. For example, the waterproof membrane laminate 10 can be manufactured by coating and extruding on a paper or plastic release sheet (not shown) first the protective layer 16 (e.g., the polymeric coating), followed by coating or extruding. the layer 14 of waterproofing adhesive) eg, SIS), and then the resulting laminate can be applied to the carrier sheet 14, carrier; and the release sheet can be removed just before lamination 12/14/16, of the membrane, is subjected to thermoforming to provide the shaped waterproofing membrane 10. Alternatively, the layers of adhesive 14 and protective 16 can be coated or extruded directly onto the carrier layer 12, carrier, and then the coating sheet (not shown) can be applied, such as by calendering it onto the laminate, whereby the calendering operation ensures a uniform total thickness of the membrane. In any case, the release sheet coating is removed before molding (eg, thermoforming) the membrane, to provide the three-dimensional profile. In yet other exemplary methods and membranes of the invention, the adhesive layer 14 and the protective (polymeric) coating layer 16 can be simultaneously co-extruded between a carrier sheet, carrier and the release sheet. For example, a continuous operation may involve coextruding the adhesive and protective coating layers between the carrier sheet, carrier, and release liner when they are being seated between the rollers that laminate them together. Again, the release sheet is used for the purpose of manufacturing the laminate and protecting the adhesive / protection coatings until the thermoforming step, whereby it is preferably removed and discarded. In the exemplary methods of the invention, the thermoforming step should preferably involve temperatures below 148.89 ° C (300 ° F), in order to avoid damage to the pressure sensitive adhesive layer (and protect the coating layer). ), which should retain its integrity, sufficient thickness, and the ability to adhere to and waterproof post-emptied concrete. It is preferable to subject the side of the membrane 10 of the support sheet 12, carrier, to a temperature which is greater than that of the side of the adhesive layer 14 since it is the support sheet 12, carrier which mainly requires thermal softening for the purpose of shaping, while the adhesive layer is more conformable and would require less heat for molding. The thickness of carrier sheet 12 is preferably 10-150 mils in thickness and more preferably 30-80 mils in thickness. An exemplary three-dimensional contour 11, shown as a dome shape in Fig. 3, can have an average diameter and a height of 10 cm-100 cm or larger, depending on the size of the surface detail, and is completely or partially surrounded by a portion 13 of flat collar. The thickness and materials of carrier support sheet 12 are chosen in such a way that, in combination with the layer 14 of waterproofing adhesive and the protective coating layer 16, the average temperature necessary to thermoform the shaped membrane 10 (as a laminate) does not exceed 148.89 ° C (300 ° F) (all temperatures here are described in Fahrenheit). Although the layer 14 of pressure-sensitive waterproofing adhesive may comprise a bituminous adhesive, the present inventors prefer to use non-bituminous, synthetic adhesives. Such synthetic adhesives may include butyl rubber, polyisobutylene, polyisobutyl rubber, acrylic (or acrylate), vinyl ether based adhesives, based on styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS), styrene-butadiene -styrene (SBS), or mixtures thereof. Possible adhesive foal is ethylene propylene monomeric diene. The most preferred, however, are SIS block copolymers, hotmelt, pressure sensitive adhesives. Preferred adhesive layers should withstand melting temperatures in the range between 71.11 ° C (160 ° F) and 148.89 ° C (300 ° F) (for a duration of between 2 seconds and 2 minutes) without losing their continuous layer form and without the adhesive layer 14 (and the optional coating layer 16) losing their ability to provide adhesion to the post-cast concrete. The layer 14 of pressure sensitive adhesive may optionally contain the typical additives, such as light absorbers (ie, carbon black, benzotriazoles, etc.), light stabilizers (ie, hindered amines, benzophenones), antioxidants (ie, hindered phenols), fillers (ie, calcium carbonate) , silica, titanium dioxide, etc.), plasticizers, rheological additives, and mixtures thereof. Preferred synthetic adhesive layers contain light absorbents, light stabilizers, and antioxidants.

As discussed in U.S. Patents 5,316,848 and 5,496,615, adhesion to post-cast concrete is improved when the layer 14 of synthetic adhesive has a penetration greater than about 30 decimilimeters (dmm) (150 g, 5 sec, 21.11 ° C (70 ° F)) when measured in accordance with ASTM D-573, incorporated herein by reference. The "adhesive" nature of the pressure sensitive synthetic adhesive 14 has the added benefit that the lateral turns and the final turns of the membrane 10 are easily formed. The average thickness of the synthetic adhesive layer can be 10-150 mils more preferably 20-100 mils, with 50-100 mils more preferred. In the preferred membranes and methods of the invention, the shaped waterproofing membrane 10 further comprises a layer 16 of protective coating to reduce the tackiness and to protect the adhesive 14 from dust, dirt the elements (particularly sunlight) . At the same time, the protective layer 16 does not destroy the ability of the membrane 10 to form a tightly bonded joint with the post-cast concrete. The protective coating layer 16 may comprise, for example, a polymeric coating, a layer of particulate matter, or a mixture thereof. Exemplary polymeric coatings may comprise coatings based on styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), coatings based on carboxylated SBR, coatings based on acrylic (e.g., an acrylate), coatings based on polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), coatings based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC), coatings based on ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, coatings based on ethyl acetate ethylene (EEA), coatings based on polychloropropene, coatings based on polyester, coatings based on polyurethane, coatings based on styrene-isoprene- styrene (SIS), styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) -based coatings, ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) coatings, or a mixture of these. Preferred protective layers 16 are acrylic-based coatings and styrene-based coatings are most preferred. The protective layers 16 which are elastomeric in nature are preferred. As used herein, the term "elastomeric" means and refers to an elastic polymer having a property similar to that of vulcanized natural rubber, namely, stretching when it is pulled and quickly retracted to approximately its original length when it is released. Coatings based on acrylic elastomerite are preferred, and coatings based on elastomeric styrene butylacrylate are most preferred.

The average thickness of the protective layer 16 can be any of 1-80 mils, and more preferably 5-60 mils. The protective layer 16 may optionally contain additives and has a penetration value similar to those described for the layer 14 of pressure sensitive adhesive above. Protective layers 16 made of polymeric materials (eg, butyl acrylate) preferably include titanium dioxide or zinc oxide for protection against sunlight, as well as fillers (eg, talc, calcium carbonate, sand, powder). of slate) to improve the resistance to wear and abrasion. As just mentioned, the protective layer 16 can comprise organic particles which are pressed with rollers on the layer 14 of waterproofing adhesive (when the polymeric protective coating is not used) and / or are mixed in the material of the polymer protective coating 16. Various particulate materials that are considered suitable for this purpose are listed in US Patent 5,496,615 to Bartlett et al., And US Patent 6,500,520 to Wiercinski and Seth, as referenced above. For example, Bartlett et al. Describe particles of calcium carbonate, cement, talc, sand, granite dust, slate dust, clay, titanium dioxide, and carbon black.; while Wiercinski and Seth describe particles of aluminum oxide trihydrate, silicon dioxide, loose ash, blast furnace slag, fumed silica, nitrites, nitrates,. halides, sulfates, hydroxides, carboxylates, silicates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metals, aluminate or mixtures thereof. Combinations of such particles (for example, calcium carbonate and talc) are also contemplated. Therefore, the protective coating layer 16 can be made of a polymeric coating applied as a liquid and allowed to dry; it can be made from a mixture of polymeric coating material having particles and / or other additives incorporated in the polymer; or it can be made only of particles that are applied by kneeing and integrating the particles completely or partially into the outer adhesive layer 14 and / or the outer polymeric coating layer 16. As shown in Fig. 3, an exemplary shaped waterproofing membrane 16 has a three dimensional contour 11 such as a dome, partially or completely surrounded by a flat collar portion 13. The flat collar portion 13 has edges (as designated at 15) which are preferably linear in nature, to allow a waterproofing tape to be conveniently used to provide a water-tight seam with the waterproofing membranes in "shape" sheet "(ie conventional reverse stagnation) on the formwork or other substrate surface. As shown in Fig. 1, an exemplary support structure 30 has a corresponding dome shape 31 that is also completely or partially surrounded by a flat collar portion 33 useful for holding the structure 30 on a formwork or other mounting surface . The support structure 30 can be thermoformed or stamped from a thermoplastic sheet material, such as high impact ABS polystyrene, poly (vinyl chloride), polypropylene, polyethylene, and others. The support structure can also be made of rolled metal such as steel (for example, stainless steel), aluminum, copper, tin, or other metals. Many of these metals can be thermoformed or stamped in a relatively convenient way. The average thickness of the support structure 30 is approximately 20-200 thousandths of an inch and more preferably 20-100 thousandths of an inch. While various thermoplastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) may be used, some materials such as high density polyethylene, while thermoformable, may require extra thickness to withstand the strength of the post-cast concrete, and this extra thickness may present manufacturing difficulties during thermoforming, since the additional thickness will require higher melting temperatures or a longer residence time (in a heated mold) to soften the plastic, and this could lead to excessive heating and scorching of the material. Therefore, the preferred thickness will often depend on the choice of material. The thermoplastic material used for the structure 30 to be supported should ideally support nails, staples or other fasteners that are directed toward the flat collar portion to secure the structure to the formwork. This does not preclude the use of materials of brittle materials which are torn apart, however, since such materials can also be fastened using alternative means (eg, adhesives, drilled holes, etc.). In addition to the dome or hemispherical shapes, other thermoformed or patterned three-dimensional shapes such as cylinders, boxes, pyramids, etc., may be employed, but domed forms are preferred because they are less vulnerable to distortion or twisting caused by wet concrete or the poured mortar against the support structure 30 covered by membrane. In addition, a rounded shape provides better concrete flow around the support structure (30), thereby better enabling the consolidation of the concrete, and improving or ensuring adhesion between the concrete and the supporting structure. It is preferable to have lower acute edges or folds which can lead to weakness in the surrounding concrete. Although the support structure 30 (the dome) can be filled with materials, such as polyurethane foam or mortar cement, to resist collapse under the weight of the concrete, it is believed that the thickness of the support material and the chosen material ( for example, synthetic polymer, metal, or a combination thereof) can be such as to allow the support of the structure by itself, without filling its cavity, to support the weight of the post-cast concrete. However, for extremely large formwork installations, where the pressures of large volumetric amounts of the post-cast concrete are involved, it may be necessary to fill the dome structures 30, particularly at the bottom of the formwork, where the pressures may be higher, but this can be conveniently achieved such as by drilling a small hole in an installed dome, filling the dome through the hole with the material (for example, polyurethane foam that becomes stiff), and then sealing the hole with PREPRUFE® tape. double side.

In the preferred methods of the invention, the support structure 30 is molded using the same mold used to provide the three dimensional contour to the shaped waterproofing membrane 10 (to be described below). The support dome structure 30, which similarly has a portion 32 of three-dimensional contour completely or partially oiled by a flat casting portion 34, serves not only to support the shaped waterproofing membrane 10, when it is installed on a fastening 40 or other detail of the surface, but also serves to protect the membrane 10 similarly formed during shipping. For example, the support dome structure 30 can be placed in a box located on the first outer face of the membrane 10 to protect the adhesive side of the membrane (i.e., the rigid dome is placed over the soft dome), and therefore the shaped membrane 10 is "tucked under the hat" so to speak. At the construction site, the order is reversed, with the support dome structure 30 being fixed on the tie and held on the formwork 40 or other substrate surface by nails or other fasteners directed through the portion 34 of flat collar and inside the underlying formwork, and then this is followed by the attachment of the waterproofing membrane 10 on the support dome 30. The membrane 10 can be glued to the supporting dome structure 30 and / or to the surrounding formwork by any known means, such as by using conventional sealing glue or other adhesives. It is envisioned that the membranes 10 formed with the domes 30 of the corresponding size can be packaged together as sets, as in the manner of stacking hats or bowls identically. In addition, such membrane / support sets can be dimensioned in various ways (in the manner of stainless steel salad bowl sets) for situations where formwork of various sizes and other surface irregularities are encountered. Accordingly, in an additional exemplary embodiment, a plurality of formed waterproofing membranes 10 are fixed with the support structures 30 correspondingly formed within the same carton or packing box (ie, shipping), similar to the way in which Disposable paper cups are stacked together in the package. Preferably, each shaped membrane 10 is accommodated in its corresponding support structure 30, and this "game" can be accommodated within another "game" and therefore it is more easily removed from the packaging board, one game at a time, according to the needs dictate. In addition, the ability to stack the shaped membranes allows them to be conveniently shipped or transported alongside the "leaf-shaped" membranes with which they will be used for typical inverted stagnation applications. For example, a shipment of both "shaped" and "leaf-shaped" (conventional) membranes (supplied in the form of a roll in the cardboard) can be tied together (such as using plastic wrap, bonding materials, etc.) to transport the cartons together conveniently to the construction site. Alternatively, rigid domes (or other three-dimensional shapes) may be used as waterproofing membranes per se, such as by first stamping or thermoforming a rigid sheet in the desired three-dimensional shape (eg, dome or pyramid surrounded by one or more portions of collar or flanges), and subsequently this structure is coated with a coating to adhere to the fresh concrete. For example, the coating may comprise rubberized asphalt, a synthetic polymer adhesive (eg, SIS, SEBS, acrylic, polyurethane, etc.), a clay-based adhesive (eg, bentonite, smectite), or mixtures thereof. . The outer edges 15 of the shaped waterproofing membrane 10 are preferably straight such that the membrane can be conveniently overlapped with those of a waterproofing membrane by conventional inverted stagnation. further, the shaped membrane 10 (Fig. 3) and the conventional membranes installed on the formwork (see, for example, Fig. 1 PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE) can be sewn together using reverse tape of two sides (for example, PREPRUFE tape). Grace), to provide a continuous barrier between and around the area surrounding the tie 40. In other exemplary embodiments of the invention, it is possible to provide a membrane that combines the properties of both the shaped membrane 10 and the support structure 30, as coating the layer 14 of waterproofing adhesive directly on a three-dimensional rigid contour completely or partially surrounded by a flat collar portion, followed by optionally coating a protective coating layer on the adhesive layer. This method is less desirable than thermoforming a single laminate because it would be slower to do (in the plant) or to assemble (in the construction site). In this connection, the present inventors believe that it would be more convenient for the applicators to hold a thermoformed dome holder 30 in place over the tie (e.g., by sending the flat collar portion towards the formwork); and then covering the support dome with a correspondingly "shaped" waterproofing membrane 10 which is easily sealed with reverse (conventional) "sheet-like" sealing membranes: using only four strips of tape. The installation time is estimated in only a few minutes from the removal of the pieces of the boarding card. This is much less than what is required by current industrial practice as described above in the background. The present invention therefore relates to the provision of a unified waterproofing barrier by providing a waterproofing membrane 10, and also relates to the method for constructing such unified barriers for constructing civil engineering surfaces using the membrane 10 formed in combination with inverted stagnation membranes (conventional). With this distinction between the "leaf-shaped" and "shaped" inverted stagnation membranes in place, an exemplary method of the invention comprises: providing at least one "sheet-shaped" waterproofing membrane comprising a backing sheet , carriers with first and second main faces, and arranged on a first main face thereof, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer, operative to adhere to the post-cast concrete; and providing at least one "shaped" waterproofing membrane (e.g., Fig. 3) comprising a carrier sheet 10, carrier having first and second opposing main faces, and, disposed on a first main face thereof, an adhesive layer 14 adhesive sensitive to operating pressure to adhere to the post-cast concrete, the shaped membrane having a three-dimensional contour 11 surrounded (completely or partially) by a portion 13 of flat working collar to overlap and form seams with the at least one sheet-shaped waterproofing membrane. Preferably, both the sheet-shaped membrane and the shaped waterproofing membrane further comprise a protective coating layer 16, such as a polymeric elastomer coating and / or a particle layer. More preferably, the support sheet 12, carrier, the adhesive layer 14, and the protective layer 16 of the shaped membrane 10 are together subjected to thermoforming as a one-piece laminate. In other exemplary methods, a support structure 30, preferably molded in the same mold used for thermoforming the shaped waterproofing membrane 10, is first installed on a formwork or other mounting surface, such that the shaped membrane can be positioned on support structure 30 installed.

Fig. 4 illustrates another exemplary shaped waterproofing membrane 50 of the invention, which is installed around a penetration 60 (eg, a tube) in the building or the civil construction surface 62. In this case, the three-dimensional contour 51 of cylindrical shape is surrounded by a portion 53 of molded flat collar of the same sheet material. The external surface of the cylinder 51 and the upper surface of the flat collar portion 53 are covered by an adhesive, pressure-sensitive adhesive coating and optional protective (similar to the layers illustrated in the magnified view in Fig. 3) . The flat collar portion 53 preferably has straight edges (as designated at 55) to provide fast sewing, using the conventional two-sided reverse seal tape (eg, the PREFPRUFE® brand), with the membranes (not shown). show) of inverse stagnation with "sheet form" (conventional) that can be installed on the surface 62 of the substrate. In a further exemplary embodiment, the cylinder shape 51 can be replaced by a cone shape. The upper part of the cone can be cut to the desired shape of the cone to achieve an opening diameter corresponding to the diameter or size of the object (tube 60, the shoe on the pile) to be waterproofed. The use of the three-dimensional cylinder shape 51 (Fig. 4) or the cone shape will also save considerable work at the construction site, since the waterproofing membrane 50 will be required.

The following modalities and illustrations are provided for illustrative purposes only.

Claims (32)

1. CLAIMS 1. A method for waterproofing the surface of a building or civil construction that has irregularities in the surface, characterized in that it comprises: applying to said building surface or civil construction on said irregularities, a waterproofing membrane formed having a sheet of support, carrier having first and second opposite faces, and, disposed on said first main face, a layer of waterproofing adhesive, pressure sensitive, operative to adhere with the post-cast concrete, said carrier support sheet of shaped membrane having a three-dimensional contour extending outwardly from said first major surface and of sufficient size to cover said irregularity of the surface, said three-dimensional contour which is surrounded by a flat collar portion. The method of claim 2, characterized in that said three-dimensional contour has a dome shape, a conical shape, a cylindrical shape, or a pyramidal shape. 3. The method of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises applying a support structure on said irregularity of the surface before applying said shaped waterproofing membrane, then applying said waterproofing membrane on said support structure, wherein said support structure has a three-dimensional contour surrounded by a portion of flat collar. The method of claim 3, characterized in that said three-dimensional contour of said support structure corresponds to said three-dimensional contour of said shaped waterproofing membrane. The method of claim 3, characterized in that said three-dimensional contour of said shaped waterproofing membrane has a dome shape and said three-dimensional contour of said support structure has a corresponding dome shape. The method of claim 1, characterized in that said shaped waterproofing membrane has a protective coating layer on said layer of pressure sensitive waterproofing adhesive. The method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, characterized in that it comprises additionally applying to said building surface or civil construction at least one sheet-shaped waterproofing membrane having a backing sheet carrier with first and second opposite main faces and, disposed on said first main face, a layer of pressure-sensitive waterproofing adhesive, operative to adhere with the post-empty concrete, wherein said flat collar portion of said formed waterproofing membrane it overlaps and forms seams with said at least one sheet-shaped waterproofing membrane. The method of claim 7, characterized in that said sheet waterproofing membrane has a protective layer on said adhesive layer of pressure sensitive waterproofing. The method of claim 1, characterized in that said support layer is formed of synthetic polymer, metal, or a combination thereof and said layer of pressure-sensitive waterproofing adhesive comprises a non-bituminous synthetic adhesive. The method of claim 1, characterized in that said layer of pressure-sensitive waterproofing adhesive comprises butyl rubber, polyisobutylene, polyisobutyl rubber, and acrylic or acrylate, a vinyl ether, styrene-isoprene-styrene, styrene-ethylene-butylene -styrene, styrene-butadiene-styrene, ethylene propylene diene, or a mixture thereof. The method of claim 1, characterized in that said layer of pressure sensitive waterproofing adhesive comprises styrene-isoprene-styrene. 12. The method of claim 1, characterized in that said carrier support sheet comprises low density polyethylene. 13. The method of claim 10, characterized in that said carrier support sheet comprises a mixture of polyolefins comprising a low density polyethylene. The method of claim 7, characterized in that said at least one support sheet, carrier sheet waterproofing membrane comprises high density polyethylene and said carrier support sheet, formed waterproofing membrane comprises a mixture of low density polyethylene and high density polyethylene. The method of claim 13, characterized in that said carrier support sheet and said adhesive layer of said formed waterproofing membrane are integrally molded as a laminate to obtain said three-dimensional contour. 16. The method of claim 15, characterized in that said shaped waterproofing membrane further comprises a protective coating layer, the wedges are also molded with said carrier support sheet and said adhesive layer to obtain said three dimensional contour. 17. The method of claim 6, characterized in that said layer of pressure-sensitive waterproofing adhesive comprises styrene-isoprene-styrene and said protective coating layer comprises an acrylate coating. 18. The method of claim 3, characterized in that said building or civil construction surface comprises a formwork and said irregularities of the surface comprise the ties. The method of claim 18, characterized in that said three-dimensional contour of said shaped waterproofing membrane has a dome shape and said three-dimensional contour of said support structure has a corresponding dome shape. The method of claim 19, characterized in that it additionally comprises applying to said formwork at least one sheet-shaped waterproofing membrane having a carrier support sheet with a first and a second main opposite faces, and disposed on said first layer main, a layer of waterproofing adhesive sensitive to operating pressure to adhere to the post-cast concrete, and sew said waterproofing membrane formed with said at least one sheet-shaped waterproofing membrane. 21. The method of claim 1, characterized in that said irregularity of the surface comprises a fastening and wherein said three-dimensional contour has a dome shape. 22. The method of claim 1, characterized in that said building or civil construction surface comprises a concrete formwork and said surface irregularity comprises a tie, tube or other detail of the surface, said method comprising adhering at least a sheet-shaped waterproofing membrane to said concrete formwork, adhering said shaped, pre-formed waterproofing membrane to a portion of said formwork over said fastening, tube, or other surface detail, and stitching them together to at least one sheet-shaped waterproofing membrane and said shaped waterproofing membrane, pre-formed to provide a waterproofing barrier between these. 23. A civil engineering structure or waterproof or waterproofed building provided by the method of claim 1. 24. A shaped waterproofing membrane, characterized in that it comprises a carrier support sheet having a first and a second opposing main faces, and disposed on said first main face, a pressure sensitive waterproofing adhesive layer, operable to adhere with the post-cast concrete, said carrier sheet, shaped membrane carrier having a three-dimensional contour extending outside said first main surface and of sufficient size to cover a surface irregularity in a building or civil construction surface, said three-dimensional contour which is surrounded by a flat collar portion. 25. The preformed formed waterproofing membrane of claim 24, characterized in that it additionally comprises a protective coating layer on said layer of pressure sensitive waterproofing adhesive. 26. The shaped, preformed waterproofing membrane of claim 24, characterized in that said structure has a three-dimensional contour surrounded by a collar portion, and wherein said three-dimensional contour of said support structure corresponds to the three-dimensional contour of said membrane. waterproofing conformed. 27. The formed, pre-formed waterproofing membrane of claim 26, characterized in that said three-dimensional contour of said shaped waterproofing membrane has a dome shape and said three-dimensional contour of said support structure has a corresponding dome shape. 28. The waterproofing membrane formed, pre-formed of claim 27, characterized in that said shaped waterproofing membrane has a protective coating layer on said layer of pressure sensitive waterproofing adhesive. 29. The formed, pre-formed waterproofing membrane of claim 24, characterized in that said carrier support sheet comprises a mixture of low density polyethylene and high density polyethylene and said layer of pressure sensitive waterproofing adhesive comprises styrene. -isoprene-styrene. 30. A waterproofing game construction, characterized in that it comprises, in a package, a plurality of shaped, pre-formed waterproofing membranes according to claim 25. 31. The construction waterproofing kit of claim 30, which further comprises a plurality of support structures, characterized in that, each support structure has a three-dimensional contour surrounded by a flat collar portion, and wherein said three-dimensional contour of said support structure corresponds to said three-dimensional contour of said waterproofing membrane. 32. A method for manufacturing formed waterproofing membranes, or characterized in that it comprises: providing a membrane laminate comprising a support sheet, polyolefin film carrier, a continuous layer of synthetic, non-bituminous, waterproofing adhesive, sensitive to the pressure, attached to said sheet and operative to adhere with the post-cast concrete, and a coating attached to said adhesive and operative layer to protect said adhesive layer from the dirt and operative to allow the post-cast concrete to adhere with said adhesive. adhesive layer, and molding said membrane laminate to provide a three-dimensional contour completely or partially surrounded by a flat collar portion, said pressure sensitive waterproofing adhesive layer and said protective coating layer which are operative after molding to provide an adhesion of waterproofing with freshly mixed concrete, casting against said membrane and allow the hardening.