MXPA06004215A - Methods of manufacturing enhanced electrical cables - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are methods of manufacturing electrical cables. In one embodiment of the invention, method for manufacturing a wellbore cable includes providing at least one insulated conductor, extruding a first polymeric material layer over the insulated conductor, serving a first layer of armor wires around the polymeric material and embedding the armor wires in the first polymeric material by exposure to an electromagnetic radiation source, followed by and extruding a second polymeric material layer over the first layer of armor wires embedded in the first polymeric material layer. Then, a second layer of armor wires may be served around the second polymeric material layer, and embedded therein by exposure to an electromagnetic radiation source. Finally, a third polymeric layer may be extruded around the second layer of armor wires to form a polymeric jacket.

Description

METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING IMPROVED ELECTRICAL CABLES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention This invention relates to methods for manufacturing electrical cables, as well as cables and the use of fahricadQa cables by said method. In one aspect, the invention relates to a method for producing sealed balanced torque-enhanced electric cables used with. Borehole devices to analyze geological formations adjacent to the borehole. Description of the Related Branch Generally, geological formations within the earth that contain oil and / or petroleum gas have properties that can bind, with the capacity, of the formations to contain said products. For example, formations that contain oil or petroleum gas have higher electrical resistivity than those that contain water. Formations that generally comprise sandstone or limestone may contain oil or petroleum gas. Shale-forming formations, which may also encapsulate oil-containing formations, may have much higher porosity than that of sandstone or limestone, but, due to the grain size of The shale is very small, it can be very difficult to remove the oil or gas trapped in it. As a result, it may be desirable to measure, several characteristics of. the geological formations adjacent to a well before completion to help determine the location of a formation, which contains petroleum and / or petroleum gas, aai as the amount of petroleum and / or petroleum gas trapped within the formulation. Regressor tools - which are usually long tube-shaped devices, can be lowered into the well to measure these characteristics at different depths along a well in an underground formation. These recording tools may include gamma ray emitters / receivers, calibration devices, resistivity measurement devices, neutron emitters / receivers, and the like, which are used to sense characteristics of the formations adjacent to the beam. Probe well connects the registration tool with one or more sources of electrical power and data analysis equipment on the surface of the earth., as well as provides, structural support to the logging tools as they are lowered and uploaded to through the well. Generally, the cable is unrolled from a truck, on a pulley, and down into the well.

Electrical cables are commonly formed from a combination of metallic conductors, insulating material, fillers, liners and metallic shielding wires. Commonly, the useful life of a borehole electrical cable is typically limited to only 6 to 24 months, since the cable can be compromised by exposure to extremely corrosive elements, or little or no maintenance. the resistance members, the cable, such co or wires. armor. A common factor limiting the life of the cable is shielding wire failure, where fluids present in the environment of the bottom of the borehole lead to corrosion and failure of the shield wires. The shield wires are typically constructed of cold drawn pearlitic steel coated with zinc for protection against corrosion. While zinc protects steel at moderate temperatures, it is known that. Corrosion is easily possible at elevated temperatures and certain environmental conditions. Even though the cable core may still be functional, it is usually not economically feasible to replace the shield wire, and the entire cable can be discarded. Once the corrosive fluids infiltrate the annular spaces, it is difficult or impossible to completely remove them. Even after the cable is cleaned, the fluids corrosives remain in interstitial spaces damaging the cable. As a resultCorrosion of the cable is essentially a continuous process that can start with the first trip of the wire line cable to the well. Once the shield wire begins to corrode, the resistor loses quickly, and the entire cable must be replaced. Armor wires in borehole electric cables are also associated with various operating problems, including torque imbalance between armor wire layers, uneven external profiles that are difficult to seal, and loose or broken armor wires. In weights with surface pressures, the electric cable is run through one or several sections of pipe packed with grease, also known as flow tubes, to seal the gas pressure in the well while allowing the wire line to be Move in and out of the well. Because the shield wire layer has unfilled annular spaces or interstitial spaces, hazardous gases from the well can migrate to and travel through these spaces upward at lower pressure. This gas tends to stay in place as the wire line moves through the pipe packed with gra.s. "A. As the cable goes over the top pulley on the top of the pipe, the shield wires can be separated, or separated slightly, and the gas under pressure released, where it becomes danger of fire or explosion »Also, while cables with two layers of shielding wires are under tension, the shielding wires Internal and external, usually wired at opposite laying angles, rotate slightly in opposite directions causing torque imbalance problems. To create a cable balanced in torque, the internal shield wires would have to be somewhat larger than the outer shield wires that would fail rapidly due to abrasion and exposure to corrosive fluids. Therefore, large shield wires are placed on the outside of the wire line cable, resulting in torque imbalance. Shielding wellbore cables can also be worn due to point-to-point contact between shield wires. Point-to-point contact wear can occur between the internal and external shielding wire layers, or even side-to-side contact between shielding wires in the same layer. While they are under tension and when the cables go on pulleys, the radial load causes point loading between external and internal shielding wires. The point load between layers of shield wire removes the coating from zinc and cuts slots in the internal and external shielding wires at the contact points. This can lead to reduced strength, lead to premature corrosion, and even accelerate cable fatigue failure. Also, due to the annular spaces or interstitial spaces between the internal shielding wire and the cable core, as the wireline cable is under tension the cable core materials tend to slip thereby reducing the diameter of cable and causing linear stretching of the cable as well as premature electrical shorts. It is common that as the electric wellbore cables are lowered into unobstructed wells, the tool string rotates to release the torque in the cable »When the tool string is stuck in the well (for example, in an obstruction, or in a bend in a deviated well) the cable tension is typically cycled until the cable can continue up or down the well. This rebound movement quickly creates a change in tension and torque, which can cause several problems. Sudden changes in voltage can cause voltage differentials along the length of cables, causing the shield wires to "tangle". The loose cable can also be linked around if and form a knot in the wire line cable. Also, for borehole cables, it is a common solution to protect the shield wire by "clamping". In clamping designs, a polymer jacket is applied over the external shielding wire. A sleeve applied directly on an external, conventional shield wire layer, which is essentially a sleeve. This type of design has several problems, such as, when the shirt is damaged, harmful well fluids enter and trap between the jacket and the shield wire, causing corrosion, and the damage may occur under the shirt, it can be go without noticing until a catastrophic failure. Also, during wellbore operations, such as logging, in deviated wells, the wellbore cables make significant contact with the surface of the borehole. The spiral flanges formed by the shield wire of the cables commonly erode a groove in the side of the borehole, and as the pressure inside the bore tends to be higher than the pressure outside the borehole, the cable is prone to Adhere to the formed slot. In addition, the action of the cable making contact and moving against the borehole wall can remove the protective zinc coating from the shielding wires, causing corrosion to a increased regime, thus reducing the life of the cable. The electrical cables, and methods of making such cables, can improve some or all of the above-described problems, while being able to conduct larger amounts of energy with significant data signal transmission capacity that would be highly desirable, and the need at least in part by the following invention. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one aspect of the invention, methods for manufacturing electrical cables are provided. In one embodiment of the invention, a method for manufacturing a borehole electrical cable, the method includes providing at least one insulated conductor, extruding a first, layer of polymeric material on the insulated conductor, serving a first layer of shielding wires. around the polymeric material and embedding the shield wires in the first polymeric material by exposure to a source of electromagnetic radiation, followed by and extruding a second layer of polymeric material on the first layer of shield wires embedded in the first layer of material polymeric, Then, a second layer of shielding wires can be served around the second layer of polymeric material, and embedded therein by exposure to a source of electromagnetic radiation. Finally, a third layer of polymeric material can be extruded around the second layer of shielding wires to form a polymeric jacket. The polymeric material can be a polyolefin, polyamide, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyaryl ether ether ketone, polyaryl ether ketone, polyphenylene sulfide, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene polymers, poly (4-fentrene) polymers, polytetrafluoroethylene, polymers of perfluoroalkoxy, fluorinated ethylene propylene, perfluoromethoxy polymers, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (such as HalarÍR), chlorinated ethylene propylene, and any mixtures thereof, and may further include particles of wear resistance or even short and / or milled fibers reinforcement. »The cable formed can be a single cable, a cable, a heptacable, a cable, or a coaxial cable, and used in well drilling or seismic operations. Also, the method can be used to form single stranded conductors used to make cables. Another embodiment of the invention discloses a method for manufacturing a borehole electrical cable that includes providing a cable core, wherein the cable core comprises six helically isolated conductors served around an insulated conductor core, then extrude a first layer of polymeric material over the cable core. Next, a first layer of shielding wires is served around the layer of polymeric material and embedding the shielding wires in the first polymeric material by exposure to a source of electromagnetic radiation, and extruding a second layer of polymeric material over the first layer of shield wires embedded in the first layer of polymeric material. Finally, a second layer of shield wires can be served around the second layer of polymeric material and embed the shield wires by exposure to a source of electromagnetic radiation, and extrude a third polymeric layer around the second layer of shield wires wherein the third material, polimarico forms a polymeric shirt around the second layer of shielding wires. In cable produced in accordance with the methods of the invention, the controversial materials forming the polymeric layers can be chemically and / or mechanically bonding together. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention can be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a generic representation in cross section, stylized, of cables according to the invention. Figure 2 is a stylized cross-sectional representation of a heptacable according to the invention. Figure 3 is a stylized cross-sectional representation of a monocable according to the invention ». Figure 4 is a stylized cross-sectional representation of a coaxial cable in accordance with the invention. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional illustration of a cable according to the invention comprising one. formed external shirt, of a polymeric materiai and wherein the outer jacket surrounds a layer of polymeric material that includes reinforcing short and / or ground fibers. Figure 6 is a cross-sectional representation of a cable of the invention, having an outer jacket formed of a polymeric material including short and / or ground reinforcing fibers, and wherein the outer jacket surrounds a layer of polymeric material . Figure 7 is a cross-sectional illustration of a cable according to the invention that includes a polymeric material partially disposed around the outer shield wires. The figure. 8 is a cross section illustrating a cable including shielding wires coated in the outer shield wire layer. Figure 9 is a cross section illustrating a cable including shielding wires coated in the inner and outer shielding wire layers. Figure 10 is a cross-section illustrating a cable including filler rod components in the outer shield wire layer. Figure 11 is an illustration of a method for producing cables according to the invention. Figure 12. is an illustration of a first technique used in methods to produce cables to improve contact between insulated conductors / wires and conductors, as well as to maintain a consistent external diameter. Figures 13A and 13B illustrate a second technique used in methods for producing cables to improve contact between insulated conductors / wires and conductors, as well as to maintain a consistent external diameter. Figure 14 illustrates by section cross section, the step-by-step formation of an isolated conductor produced by the methods illustrated in Eighths 11, 12, 13A. and 13R. Figure 15 illustrates by cross section, the step-by-step formation of an isolated coaxial conductor produced by the methods illustrated in Figures 11, 12, 13A, and 13B. Figure 16 illustrates a method for producing cables that includes layers of shield wire embedded in a polymeric material, and optionally, jacket with polymeric material. Figure 17 illustrates by cross-section, the step-by-step formation of a shielded shielded monocable produced by the methods illustrated in Figure 16, 12, 13A. and 13B »DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Illustrative embodiments of the invention are described below. In the interest of clarity, not all the particulars of an actual implementation are described in this specification. Of course it will be appreciated that in development of any real modality, numerous specific implementation decisions must be made to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as compliance with related system and business-related restrictions, which will vary from one to the other. implementation to another. In addition, it will be appreciated that said development effort could be complex and time consuming, but it would be a routine for those of ordinary experience in the field who have the benefit of this exposure. The invention relates to a method for manufacturing electrical cables, as well as cables and the use of cables manufactured by said methods. In one aspect, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing improved, durable and torque-balanced electric cable used with borehole devices to analyze geological formations adjacent to a borehole. The methods according to the invention use a source of electromagnetic radiation, or a series of electromagnetic sources, during the manufacture of cable. The cables produced by methods in accordance with the invention described herein are improved and provide such benefits as well bore migration and leakage prevention, as well as torque resistant cables and durable liners that resist detachment, cambering , complete cut, corrosion and abrasion. These cables include continuous polymer layers, without significant interstitial spaces. In the case of shielded cables, the cable may include a polymeric material extending from the cable core to the external circumference of the cable, while maintaining a high percentage of coverage by the shield wire layer. The polymeric material encapsulates the shield wires and virtually eliminates any interstitial spaces between the shield wires and polymeric ateriai that could serve as conduits for gas migration. It has been unexpectedly discovered that using a source of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., infrared waves) to melt or partially soften the polymeric material very soon after each layer of shield wire is applied onto a layer of polymeric material increases the achieved coverage, from about 93 to about 98% after exposure to radiation electromagnetic, while the shield wire is in covering served significantly lower (eg 80% to 85%). This approach allows the shield wires to be embedded in the polymeric material, thereby holding the shield wires in place and virtually eliminating any significant interstitial spaces. The methods of the invention can be used to produce any electrical and / or data transmission cables including, but not necessarily limited to, telecommunication cables, electrical transmission cables, instrument cables, fiber optic cables, insulated strand conductors, insulated conductors, protective conductors aervidoa and well bore cables such as monocables, coaxial cables, heptacables, seismic cables, single line cables, cable Multiple line, and the like »The methods can also be applied to insulated conductors to provide gas blocking capabilities. In the case of coaxial cables, this approach can be effective in maintaining insulation between conductors coaxially served and outside the shield wire layer. Protective armor wires with durable jacket materials that extend contiguously from the cable core to a soft outer jacket provide an excellent sealing surface, are balanced in torque and significantly reduce drag. Finally, the cables prepared by the methods according to the invention help to improve the problems of fires or explosions due to migration of well-borehole gas and escape between the armor wires, trapping, strand shields, wire stranding shielding due to high armoring, and knotting and knotting, and also stretch resistant, crush resistant as well as resistant to slippage of material and differential adhesion. The cables prepared by the methods of the invention generally include at least one insulated conductor, at least one layer of shield wires surrounding the insulated conductor, and a polymeric material disposed in the interstitial space formed between shield wires and the interstitial spaces. formed between the shield wire layer and insulated conductor. The shield wires are generally placed helically around the insulated conductors. The conductors can be helically placed, or placed centrally on the central axis of the cable. Isolated conductors useful in the embodiments of the invention include metallic conductors housed in an insulated jacket. Any suitable metallic conductors can be used. Examples of metallic conductors include, but are not necessarily limited to, copper, nickel-coated copper, or aluminum. The preferred metallic conductors are copper conductors. While any suitable number of metallic conductors can be used in forming the insulated conductor, preferably from 1 to about 60 metallic conductors are used, most preferably 7, 19 or 37 metallic conductors. Insulated shirts can be prepare from any suitable materials known in the art. Examples of suitable insulated jacket materials include, but are not necessarily limited to, polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (MFA) polymer, perfluoro-alkoxyalkane polymer (PEA ..), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene polymer ( ETFE), ethylene-propylene copolymer (EEC), poly (4-methyl-1-pentene) (TPX (R) available from Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.), other polyolefins, other fluoropolymers, polyether ether ether ketone polymer (PEEK), polyphenylene sulfide polymer (PPS), modified polyphenylene sulfide polymer, polyether ketone polymer (PEK), polymers modified with maleic anhydride, Parmax (R) SRP polymers (self-reinforcing polymers manufactured by Mississippi Polymer Technologies, Inc., based on substituted poly- (1,4-phenylene) structure wherein each phenylene ring has a substituent R group of a wide variety of organic groups), or the like, and any mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, of the invention, the insulated conductors are stacked dielectric isolated conductors, with electric field suppression characteristics, such as those used in the cables described in the U.S. Patent. Mo. 6,600,108 (Mydur, et al.), incorporated herein by reference. These stacked dielectric insulated conductors generally include a first layer of insulating jacket disposed around the metallic conductors, wherein the first layer of insulating jacket has a first relative permissiveness, and a second layer of insulating jacket disposed around the first layer of insulating jacket and that has a second relative permissiveness that is less than the first relative permissiveness. The first relative permissiveness is within a scale of about 2.5 to about 10.0, and the second relative permissiveness is within a scale of about 1.8 to about of 5.0. At least one layer of shielding wires surrounding the insulated conductor may be used in the cables of the invention. The shield wires can generally be made of any material of high tensile strength including, but not necessarily limited to, improved galvanized steel, alloy steel, or the like. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the cables comprise a layer of internal shield wire surrounding the insulated conductor and an outer shielding wire layer served around the inner shield wire layer. A protective polymer coating can be applied to each wire strand of shielding for protection against corrosion or even for promoting the bond between the shield wire and the polymeric material disposed in the interstitial spaces. As used herein, the term "link" is intended to include chemical bonding, mechanical bonding, or any combination thereof. Examples of coating materials that can be used include, but are not necessarily limited to, fluoropolymers, fluorinated ethylene propylene polymers (FEP), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene polymers (Tefzel (R)), perfluoro-alkoxyalkane polymer (PFA) ), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer, perfluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether (MFA) polymers, polyolefin, polyamide, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyether ether ether ketone polymer (PEEK), or polymer polyether ketone (PE) with combination of fluoropolymer, polyphenylene sulfide polymer (PPS), EPS and PTFE combination, latex or solid rubber coatings, and the like. Each shield wire may also be plated with materials for protection against corrosion or even to promote bonding between the shield wire and the polymeric material. Non-limiting examples of suitable plating materials include brass, copper alloys, and the like. The plated shield wires can still be ropes such as rim ropes. While any effective thickness of plating or coating material can be used, a thickness of about 10 microns to about 100 microns is preferred. The polymeric materials are disposed in the interstitial spaces formed between shield wires, and interstitial spaces formed between the shield wire layer and insulated conductor. While the current invention is not particularly tied to any specific theories of operation, it is believed that by arranging a polymeric material through the interstitial spaces of shield wire, or unfilled annular spaces, among other advantages, it prevents the well gases dangerous migrate towards and travel through these spaces upward into regions of lower pressure, where it becomes a fire or even explosion hazard. In cables according to the invention, the shield wires are partially or completely sealed by a polymeric material that completely fills all the interstitial spaces, thus eliminating any gas migration conduits. In addition, they incorporate a polymeric material into the interstitial spaces providing shielded cables balanced in torque, since the external shield wires are clamped in place and protected by a strong polymer jacket, and larger diameters are not required in the outer layer, thus mitigating torque balance problems. Additionally, since the filled interstitial spaces, corrosive bottom-hole fluids can not infiltrate and accumulate between the shield wires. The polymeric material can also serve as a filter for any corrosive fluids. By minimizing the exposure of the shielding wires and preventing the accumulation of corrosive fluid, the useful life of the cable can be greatly increased significantly. Also, filling the interstitial spaces between the shield wires and separating the internal and external shield wires with a polymeric material reduces the point-to-point contact between the shield wires, thereby improving the strength, prolonging the life of the shield. Fatigue, while corrosion of premature shield wire is prevented. Because the interstitial spaces are filled the core cable is completely contained and the slip is mitigated, and as a result, the cable diameters are much more stable and the cable drawing is significantly reduced. The slip resistant polymeric materials used in this invention can minimize core slippage in two ways: first, holding the polymeric material and the shielding wire layers together greatly reduces the cable deformation; and secondly, the polymeric material can also help to eliminate any annular spaces towards which the cable core could slip otherwise. The cables according to the invention can improve problems encountered with clamped shield designs, since the polymeric material encapsulating the shield wires can be continuously linked and can not easily be detached away from the shield wires. Because the processes used in this invention allow conventional shield wire coverage (93-98% metal) to be maintained, the cable strength may not be sacrificed upon application of the polymeric material, compared to typical clamped shield designs. The polymeric materials useful in the cables produced by methods according to the invention include, by way of non-limiting example, polyolefin (such as EPC or polypropylene), other polyolefins, polyamide, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyarylether ether ketone (PEEK), ketone polyaryl ether (PEK), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), modified polyphenylene sulfide, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETEE) polymers, poly (1,4-phenylene) polymers, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyfluoroalkoxy polymers (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene polymers (FEP), polytetrafluoride polymers-perfluorom.et5.ilvini 1 ether (MEA.), Parmax < RJ, ethylene chloro-trifluoroethylene (such as Halar (RI), chlorinated ethylene propylene, and any mixtures thereof.) Preferred polymeric materials are ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene polymers, perfluoroalkoxy polymers, fluorinated ethylene propylene polymers and polymers of polymers. -i tetrafinoreti 1 ene-oerfluorometi "Ivipi lter The polymeric material can be disposed contiguously from the insulated conductor to the outermost layer of shield wires, or it can still extend beyond the outer periphery thereby forming a polymeric shirt that completely covers the shielding wires »The polymeric material forming the jacket and shielding wire coating material can optionally be selected so that the shielding wires are not linked and can be moved within the polymeric jacket. polymeric materials forming the polymer layers can be chemically and / or mechanically linked together In some cases, the layers of polymeric material can be linked chemically and / or mechanically in a contiguous manner from the innermost layer to the outermost layer. In some embodiments of the invention, the The polymeric material may not have sufficient mechanical properties to withstand high tensile or compressive forces as the cable pulls, for example, on pulleys, and as such may also include fibers or reinforcing particles. While any suitable fibers or particles can be used to provide sufficient properties to withstand these forces, examples include, but are not necessarily limited to, short and / or ground reinforcing fibers, short carbon fibers and / or reinforcing fibers, nano-carbon fibers, nano-carbon particles, carbon fibers, glass fibers, ceramic fibers, KeviarÍR fibers > , VectranÍR fibers), quartz, or any other appropriate material. Fibers, such as carbon fibers, can be incorporated in sufficient amounts to facilitate or enhance the softening or melting of the polymeric material during exposure to electromagnetic radiation. In addition, since the friction of polymeric materials including short and / or ground reinforcing fibers can be significantly higher than that of the polymeric material alone, an outer jacket of polymeric material without short and / or ground reinforcing fibers can be placed around from the outer periphery of the cable so that the external surface of the cable has low friction properties.

The polymeric material used to form the polymeric jacket or the outer jacket may also include reinforcing particles that tell me the resistance, to the wear of the cable as it is deployed in boreholes. Examples of suitable particles include Ceramer1 ^ (polyphenylene sulfone-based additive), boron nitride, PTFE, graphite, nanoparticles (such as nanoclays, nano-nickel nanocarbons, nanocarbon fibers, or other suitable nanomaterials), or any combination thereof. previous. One or more shield wires can be replaced with coated shield wires. The coating may be comprised of the same material as those polymeric materials described above. This can help improve the torque balance by reducing the strength, weight, or even the size of the external shielding wire layer, while also improving the bonding of the polymeric material to the outer shielding wire layer. In some embodiments of the invention, the cables produced by methods of the invention may comprise at least one filler rod component in the shield wire layer. In such cables, one or more shielding wires are replaced with a filler rod component, which may include bundles of fibers synthetic long or long fiber threads. The synthetic long fibers or long fiber yarns may be coated with any suitable polymers including those polymeric materials described above. The polymers can be extruded onto said fibers or yarns to improve the bond with the polyexic jacket materials. This can additionally provide release resistance. Also, since the filler rod components replace the outer shield wires, the torque balance between the inner and outer shield wire layers can be further improved. As described above, the cables produced in accordance with the invention can be of any practical design, including said borehole cables, single cables, coaxial cables, quadrables, heptacables, loose line cables, multiple line cables and the like. In the coaxial cable designs of the invention, a plurality of metal conductors surround the insulated conductor, and are positioned around the same axis as the insulated conductor. Also, for any cables of the invention, the insulated conductors may be additionally housed in a belt. All the materials, including the tape arranged around the insulated conductors, can be selected so that they will be linked chemically and / or mechanically with each other. The cables of the invention can have any suitable external diameter to form the cable, preferably from about 0.5 mm to about 400 mm, and more preferably from about 1 mm to about 100 mm. The materials forming the insulating layers and the polymeric materials used in the cables may also include a fluoropolymer additive, or fluoropolymer additives, in the material mixture to form the cable. Said additives can be useful to produce long lengths of high quality cable at high manufacturing speeds. Suitable fluoropolymer additives include, but are not necessarily limited to, polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy polymer, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, fluorinated ethylene propylene, perfluorinated poly (ethylene propylene), and any mixture thereof. The fluoropolymers can also be copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene and optionally a third comonomer, copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride and optionally a third comonomer, copolymers of chlorotrifluoroethylene and ethylene and optionally a third comonomer, copolymers of chlorotrifluoroethylene and ethylene and optionally a third co-polymer, copolymers of hexafluoropropylene and ethylene and optionally third comonomer, and copolymers of hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride and optionally a third comonomer. The fluoropolymer additive should have a melting peak temperature lower than the extrusion processing temperature, and preferably in the range of about 200 ° C to about 350 ° C. To prepare the mixture, the fluoropolymer additive is mixed with the insulating jacket of polymeric material. The fluoropolymer additive can be incorporated into the mixture, in the amount of about 5% or less by weight based on the total weight of the mixture, preferably about 1% by weight based or less based on the total weight of the mixture, more preferably around 0.75% or less based on the total weight of the mixture. The cables prepared in accordance with the invention can include shield wires used as electric current return wires that provide ground paths for downhole equipment or tools. The invention allows the use of shielding wires for current return while minimizing the danger of electric shock. In some embodiments, the polymeric material isolates at least one shield wire in the first layer of shield wires thereby allowing its use as electrical return wires. The invention, however, is not limited to providing cables that have only metallic conductors, optical fibers may be used to transmit optical data signals to and from the device or devices attached thereto, which may result in higher transmission speeds, lower data loss, and bandwidth "The term" conductor "as used herein means to indicate either metallic or fiber optic conductors, unless otherwise indicated» The methods according to the invention use a source of electromagnetic radiation, or a series from electromagnetic sources, which provide electromagnetic waves, during cable fabrication to melt or soften, wholly or in part, polymeric materials that are in contact, or in layers, with cable wire components or solid conductors, strand conductors, wires of armoring, and the like. Electromagnetic radiation can be provided by any appropriate means, including, but not necessarily limited to, infrared heaters emitting short, medium or long infrared waves, microwave amplification of light by stimulated emission of radiation (LASER), ultrasonic waves, and the like, or any combination thereof »Preferably electromagnetic radiation is supplied from heaters infrared that emit short, medium or long infrared waves, and combinations thereof. In the method of the invention, the wire components, such as spiral conductor strands, protected wires served, shield wires, and the like, are wired to the central elements housed in polymer, such as central conductive strands, insulated conductors, cable cores, and the like, to a given coverage. Soon after the wire or conductor component is brought into contact with the insulation or housing of polymeric material it is served on, the wired product passes through a source of electromagnetic radiation, which melts and / or slightly softens the insulation or material polymeric, allowing wired or conductor wires to be embedded. As the wired or conductor wires are embedded, they achieve a greater coverage in a smaller circumference. To illustrate, in the case of a single cable, coated wires served could be wired to a central insulated conductor at a coverage between about 80 and about 85% The term "covering" ', as used herein, represents the ratio in percent of the sum of wire diameters that are being served on a circular surface (such as a core). cable or insulated conductor) in relation to the diameter of that circular surface. For example, if a cable core has a diameter of 10 mm, and the sum of diameters of all the shielding wires that are being served in a layer around the cable core is 8.2 mm, then the coverage is 82%. Within a short distance after the wires or conductors served are in contact with the insulated conductor or cable core, the cable passes through a source of electromagnetic radiation to soften and / or melt the insulation or polymeric material, causing the wires or conductors are embedded in the insulation or polymer material. The wires or conductors served are embedded due to the compression force exerted during the wire process by the wire or conductors on the softened and / or molten insulation or polymeric material, The excess length of the wire or conductor is taken due to the deceleration of the feeding regime of the individual wires or conductors. Because the wire components can now be distributed around a smaller circumference, the coverage increases to between about 93% and about 98%. As an illustrated example of improved coverage, a single cable is assembled by serving two layers of shield wire of 0.82 mm diameter at an angle of laying 22 degrees on a cable core with a polymeric jacket with an initial diameter of 3.15 mm. The total initial diameter is 3.97 mm. During exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the polymeric jacket is then softened to allow the shield wire to partially embed towards the sleeve, so that the resulting total diameter is 3.59 mm. As described in the calculations that follow, the length of shield wire required to wrap around the core at a lay angle of 22 degrees is 10.16% shorter in the smaller cable diameter. On a 7,500 meter long monocable, this is a different one of approximately 760 meters for each shield wire. Said length saving can not be removed after the shielding wiring step has been completed. Therefore, complete filling of the interstitial spaces is almost impossible, thus maintaining the wire or conductor covering approximately the same after the cable is shielded through long lengths. The equations and calculations of covering and excess of length for the monocline example described immediately above are as follows: D = Diameter of Step D = Dc + dw Ci = Total Circumference in Diameter of Step C2 = p X < DC + dw) = p X D Dc = Diameter of Cable Core dw = Armature Wire Diameter m = Number of Metal Elements Da = Initial Diameter Db = Final Diameter? = Length of an Armor Wire Wrap? = (p x diameter) / tan22 C2 = Total Metal Circumference in Pitch Diameter C% = Coverage of Metal in Diameter of Step C% ~ (mxo / px D x eos a) x 100? A = Length of a Wrapping Wire Wrap in Da? H = Length of a Wrapping Wire Wrap in Db a = Angle of Coating Da = 3.15 mm + 0.82 mm (initial core + layer of shielding wire) = 3.97 mm a = (px 3.37 mm) / tar22 = 30.99 mm Db = 2.77 mm + 0.82 mm (final core + Ia shield wire layer) = 3.59 mb = (px 3-59 mm) / tan22 = 27.84 mm% of Difference in Length of Landing Angle as a Fraction of? A = ((ia -? B) /? A) x 100% or ((30.99 - 27.84J / 30.99) x 100% = 10.16% The methods described here only they are possible because the excess length is taken by tension in the shield wire reels as the diameter is reduced. The rate of delivery of the shield wire of a spool source is slow in view of the excess length that "returns" to the spool. Referring now to Figure 1, a generic cross-sectional representation of some cables produced by methods according to the invention. The cables include a core 102 comprising insulated conductors in configurations such as heptacables, single cables, coaxial cables, loose-line cables, multi-line cables, or even quadrables. A polymeric material 108 is disposed contiguously in the interstitial spaces formed between the wires 1.04. and 106 of shielding, and the interstitial spaces formed between the shield wires 104 and the core 102. The polymeric material 108 may further include short and / or ground reinforcing fibers. The internal shield wires 104 are evenly spaced when they are wired around the core 102. The shield wires 1Q4 and 106 may be shield wires coated as described above. The polymeric material 108 can extend beyond the external shield wires 106 to form a polymeric jacket, forming this way a cable 100 housed in polymeric. Figure 2 illustrates a cross-sectional representation of a heptacable produced in accordance with the invention. Similar to the cable 100 illustrated in Figure 1, the heptacable includes a core 202 comprised of seven insulated conductors in a heptacable configuration. A polymeric material 208 is disposed contiguously in the interstitial spaces formed between the shield wires 204 and 2Q6, and the interstitial spaces formed between the shield wires 204 and the heptacable core 202. The shielding wires 204 and 206 may also be coated shielding wires. The polymeric material 208 may extend beyond the outer shield wires 206 to form a poly-spherical jacket. of seal. Another cable manufactured by methods of the invention is shown in Figure 3, which is a cross-sectional representation of a mono cable. The cable includes a monacable core 302, a single insulated conductor, which is surrounded with a polymeric material 308. The single insulated conductor is comprised of seven metallic conductors housed in an insulated sleeve. The polymeric material is disposed around in the interstitial spaces formed between internal shield wires 304 and external shield wires 3Q6, and the interstitial spaces formed between the wires 304 of internal shielding and conductor 302 isolated. The polymeric material 308 may extend beyond the outer shield wires 306 to form a polymeric seal sleeve. Figure 4 illustrates yet another embodiment of cable prepared in accordance with the invention, which is a coaxial cable. This embodiment includes a conductor 402 insulated in the core similar to conductor 302 insulated by single cable shown in Figure 3. A plurality of metal conductors 404 surround the insulated conductor, and are placed around the same axis as the insulated conductor 402. A polymeric material 410 is disposed contiguously in the interstitial spaces formed between the shield wires 406 and 408, and the interstitial spaces formed between the shield wires 406 and plurality of metal conductors 404. The internal shield wires 406 are evenly spaced. The shielding wires 4Q6 and 408 may be coated shielding wire. The polymeric material 410 can extend beyond the external shield wires 408 to form a polymeric jacket, thereby accommodating and sealing the cable 400. In the cable embodiments prepared in accordance with the invention wherein the polymeric material extends further beyond the outer periphery to form a polymeric shirt that completely houses the shield wires, the polymer jacket is formed of a polymeric material as described above, and may further comprise short and / or ground reinforcing fibers and / or particles. Referring now to Figure 5, a cable comprising an outer jacket, the cable 5Q0 is comprised of at least one insulated conductor 502 placed in the core position, a polymeric material 508 disposed contiguously in the interstitial spaces formed therebetween. layers 504 and 506 of shield wire, and interstitial spaces formed between the shield wires 504 and the insulated conductors 502. The polymeric material 508 extends beyond the outer shield wires 506 to form a polymeric jacket. The cable 5QQ further includes an external jacket 510, which is bonded with polymer material 508, and houses polymer material 508, shield wires 504 and 506, as well as insulated conductors 5Q2. The outer jacket 51Q will be a polymeric material shape, free of any fiber, but may contain particles as described above, so that the outer surface of the cable has low frictional properties. In addition, the polymeric material 508 may contain short and / or ground reinforcing fibers to impart resiatency. to slip, hardness, and resistance in the cable.

Figure 6 illustrates yet another embodiment of a cable prepared according to the invention, having a polymeric jacket. including cut fibers »The cable 600 includes at least one conductor 602 insulated in the core, a polymeric material 608 arranged adjacently in the interstitial spaces formed between the shield wire layers 604 and 06, and interstitial spaces formed between shield wires 604 and insulated conductors 602 »The polymeric material 608 may extend beyond the outer shield wires 606 to form a polymer jacket. The cable 600 includes an outer jacket 601, bonded with polymeric material 608, and housing the cable. The outer jacket 610 is formed of a polymeric material which also includes short and / or ground reinforcing fibers. The polymeric material 6.Q8 can optionally be free of any fibers or short and / or ground reinforcing particles. In some cables, the polymeric material may not necessarily extend beyond the outer shield wires. Referring to figure 7, which illustrates. a cable with polymeric material partially arranged around the outer shield wires, the cable 700 has at least one insulated conductor 702 in the core position, a polymeric material 708 disposed in the interstitial spaces formed between the shield wires 704 and 706, and interstitial spaces formed between the internal shield wires 704 and the insulated conductors 702. The polymeric material is not extended to substantially accommodate the external shielding wires 706. The coated blind.a.je wires can be placed in either the outer and inner shielding wire layers, or both. Including the coated shield wires, wherein the coating is a polymeric material as mentioned above, can improve the bond between the layers of polymeric material and shield wires. The cable shown in Figure 8 illustrates a cable including shielding wires coated in the outer shielding wire layer. The cable 8QQ has at least one conductor 802 isolated in the core position, a polymeric material 808 disposed in the interstitial spaces formed between the shielding wires 8Q4 and 8Q6, and interstitial spaces formed between the internal shielding wires 804 and insulated conductors 802 . The polymeric material is extended to substantially accommodate the external shielding wires 806. The cable further comprises shielding wires 810 coated on the outer layer of shielding wires. Referring to Figure 9, a cable that includes shielding wires coated on amoeb layers 910 and 912 of internal and external shielding wire. The cable 900 is similar to the cable 800 illustrated in Figure 8, which comprises at least one conductor 902 insulated in the core position, a polymeric material 908 disposed in the interstitial spaces formed between the shielding wires 9Q4 and 906, and the spaces interstitials formed between the internal shield wires 904 and the insulated conductor 902. The polymeric material is extended to substantially accommodate the outer shield wires 906 to form a polymeric jacket, thereby accommodating and sealing the cable 900. Referring to Figure 10, a cable that includes filler rod components in the layer shield wire. The cable 1000 includes at least one insulated conductor 1002 in the core position, a polymeric material 1008 disposed in the interstitial spaces formed between the internal shielding wires 1004 and 1QQ6, and the interstitial spaces formed between the inner wire wires 1004 and the inner wire 1004. 1002 driver isolated The polymeric material 1008 is extended to substantially accommodate the external shielding wires 1006, and the cable further includes filler rod components 1010 in the outer layer of shielding wires. The filling rod components 1010 includes a coating of polymeric material that can be further improved in bonding between the fill rod components 1010 and the polymeric material 1008. Referring now to Figure 11, which is an illustration of a method for producing insulated strand wires or conductors in accordance with the invention. In Figure 11, the method begins by compressing or extruding a tube of an inner layer of insulating material or polymeric material onto a conductor 1102 using an extruder 1104 to prepare an insulated conductor 1106. One or more conductors, or shield wires, 1108 (only one indicated) can then be wired around the insulated conductor 1106 at a specific laying angle at 1110. Within a few centimeters or meters after the conductors, or shielding wires, 1108 are applied, the conductor is exposed to a source 1112 of electromagnetic radiation to melt or slightly soften the insulation or polymeric material »The excess length created, as long as the conductor or wires 1108 are embedded in the slightly fused or softened material, it is transferred again to the reels 1114 (only one indicated) due to the voltage in individual conductors or wires 1108. To improve contact between conductors or spiral wires 11Q8, and conductor 1106 isolated, as well as to maintain an O.D.

Consistent, one of any appropriate techniques can be used at point 1116. A first technique shown in the Figure. 12, uses two series of adjustable rollers, 1202 and 1204, which are offset by approximately 90 degrees. As shown in Figure 12, grooves 1206 precisely dimensioned in the rollers press the metal components 1208 evenly wired into the softened polymeric insulator or material, resulting in a wire or conductor firmly in contact and embedded with a uniform outer diameter. In another technique, illustrated in Figure 13A and Figure 13B, after wiring the wires or wires 1108 spirally to the isolated conductor 1106, the combination 1106 and 1108 passes through a pair of wheels 1302 and 1304 of configuration with surfaces and grooves 1306 and 1308 coincide, which uniformly embed the wired metal components 1310 and adjust the outer diameter to the desired size. Referring again to Figure 11, after contact between the conductors or wires 1108 and the insulated conductor 1106 is improved as well as the outer diameter fit at point 1116, an outer layer of insulation or polymeric material can then be extruded by compression into 1118 on the combination of conductors or wires 1108, and conductor 1106 isolated, to form the 1120 cable. Mechanical communication between the internal insulation or layer of polymeric material and the conductors or wires 11Q8 allows the external layer of insulation to be extruded by compression without causing any damage or removal of the conductors or wires 1108. This method It is useful for producing cables or conductors of isolated strands. Figure 14 illustrates by cross section, the step-by-step formation of an insulated conductor produced by the methods illustrated in Figures 11, 12, 13A and 13B. An inner layer of insulating material 1402 is extruded on a conductor 1404 using an extruder to prepare an insulated conductor 1406. One or more conductors, 1408 (only one indicated) are formed in cable around conductor 1406 insulated at a specific laying angle. After the conductors 1408 are applied, the combination 1406 and 1408 is exposed to a source of electromagnetic radiation, where the conductors 1408 are embedded in the slightly fused or softened material, to provide the conductor 1410. An outer layer of insulation material 1412 it can then be extruded on cable 1410 resulting in an insulated conductor 1414. The method illustrated in Figure 11 can be used to prepare an insulated filling conductor interstitial that can be used as a component in larger cables, or even to prepare a cable with a jacket. When used to prepare an insulated conductor, the method can be performed on a separate production line with the insulated conductor wound up for use on a second production line that produces a jacket cable of polymeric material. The method illustrated in Figure 11 can also be effective in forming a coaxial cable with a "Co" or as shown in Figure 15, the process of Figure 11 can be effective when an insulated 1502 conductor (similar to 1414 in the embodiment) is provided. Figure 14) and serving a layer of coaxial conductors 1504 (only one indicated) thereon, exposing the combination of insulated conductor 1502 and coaxial conductors 1504 to a source of electromagnetic radiation, thereby incriminating the coaxial conductors 1504 in the material insulator slightly fused or softened, to provide coaxial conductor 1506. In a further step, the embedded coaxial conductors 1504 may then have another layer of insulating or polymeric material extruded thereon to form a coaxial coaxial cable or sleeve 1508. Finally, at least one layer of shielding wires can be served over the coaxial conductor or cable 1508 with a jacket. Said layer, or layers, of Armor wires can also be wired by the method described in Figure 11 to form a shielded shielded cable. This process allows complete filling of the interstitial spaces between the conductors 1502 and coaxial conductors 1506 and spaces between the coaxial conductors 1506 and jacket 1508. For some cables produced in accordance with the invention, the shielding wires are wired over a cable core housed in a polymeric shirt, then the shirt is softened through exposure to a source of electromagnetic radiation, allowing the shield wires to partially embed towards the sleeve and allowing the molten polymer to flow between the shield wires and fill the spaces interstitials formed between the shield wires and between the shield wires and the cable core. Figure 16 illustrates a method for producing cable that includes layers of shield wire embedded in a polymeric material, and optionally, housed by said material. The method begins by providing a cable core 16Q which may be an insulated conductor such as 1414 in Figure 14, a plurality of said insulated conductors 1414, a coaxial conductor or cable 1508 housed shown in Figure 15, or even a dielectric insulated conductor. piled up. In the case of using a plurality of 1414 insulated conductors, a particular useful configuration is six insulated conductors services coiled around the central insulated conductor to form a heptacable. Referring again to Figure 16, the cable core 1602 has an extruded compression layer or tube of polymeric material thereon using the extruder 1604 to prepare a polymer-accommodated core 1606. The shielding wires 1608 (only one indicated) are then wired around the polymer-accommodated core 1606 at a specific layer angle, at point 1610. Within a few centimeters or meters the combined polymer core 1606 and the wires 1608 The shielding is exposed to a source 1612 of electromagnetic radiation, to melt or slightly soften the polymeric material which, in turn, embeds the shielding wires 1608. To improve the contact between the polymer accommodated core 1606 and the shielding wires 1608, as well as to maintain a consistent outer diameter, one of the appropriate techniques can be used at point 1614, for example, the techniques taught, in the Figure 12, Eigure 13A, and Figure 13B. The hardened and encrusted polymer hardened core 1606 and shielding wires 1608 can then have another layer of polymeric material extruded thereon at point 1616, followed by a second layer of polymeric material. shielding wires 1618 (only one indicated) served thereon at point 1620. Then, this combination is exposed to a source 1622 of electromagnetic radiation to melt or slightly soften the polymeric material applied at point 1616, which in turn, embeds the 16Q8 and 1618 layers of shield wire in the polymeric material. The combination then passes through the device 1624 to maintain a consistent outside diameter and improve contact, and form the shielded 1626 cable. In a final step, the shielded cable 1626 may have an extruded compression layer or tube of polymeric material thereon using the extruder 1628 to form a shielded shielded cable 1630. Figure 17 illustrates by cross-section the step-by-step formation of a shielded shield cable produced by the methods illustrated in Figure 16, 12, 13A and 13B. In this illustration, the process begins by providing a conductor or core 1702 of insulated wire, which can be any insulated conductor, including conductor 1414 shown in Figure 14, coaxial insulated conductor 15Q8, shown in Figure 15, a dielectric insulated conductor stacked, or even a cable core including a plurality of said insulated conductors. In the case of using a plurality of insulated conductors, a particular useful configuration is six spirally insulated conductors served around a central insulated conductor to form a heptacable. An insulated conductor may include an insulating material 1704 disposed around at least one metallic conductor 1706. An insulated conductor or core 1702 of cable has a polymeric material 1708 disposed thereon. A first layer of shielding wires 1710 (only one indicated) is then wired around the insulated conductor or cable core 1702 coated with polymeric material 1708 to a specific laying angle. This combination is exposed to a source of electromagnetic radiation, and the device such as those illustrated in Figure 12 or Figure 13A / 13B to maintain a consistent outside diameter and improve contact to form an embedded shielded cable 1712. A layer of polymeric material 1714 is then disposed over the shielded cable 1712 embedded to form a jacketed cable 1716. A second layer of shield wire 1718 (only one indicated) can then be wired around the jacketed wire 1716 at a specific lay angle. This combination is then exposed to a source of electromagnetic radiation, and the device such as those illustrated in Figure 12 or Figure 13A / 13B to maintain a consistent outside diameter and improve contact to form the shielded cable 1720. One last layer of material 1722 polymeric is then disposed over the shielded 1720 cable to form the 1724 shielded cable. Any methods illustrated above or in accordance with the invention may also incorporate exposure to a series of sources of electromagnetic radiation after a first polymeric material is extruded and the shield or conductor wire is served, and before extruding the second layer of material Polymeric on the first layer of wires or shielding conductors. A similar pause could also be made before extruding a third layer of polymeric material onto a second layer of shield wires, or conductors, embedded in the second layer of polymeric material. Exposure of the cable to electromagnetic radiation within a few centimeters or meters before extruding a layer of polymeric material also promotes bonding, mechanical and / or chemical, with previous extruded layers of polymeric material. The methods of the invention can also be useful for forming any useful cables, including cannon cable for seismic exploration. In said method, a first layer of polymeric material is placed on the barrel cable core. Then a first layer of shielding wire ae serves over the cable core housed in a layer of polymeric material and the combination is exposed to a source of electromagnetic radiation. This combination then passes through a device such as those illustrated in Figure 12. or Figure 13A / 13B to maintain a consistent outside diameter and improve contact to form an embedded shielded cable. A layer of final polymeric material can then be arranged to form a shielded cannon cable for seismic exploration. This approach allows the laying angle to be fixed and helps prevent the movement of shield wire in processing or subsequent field use. The cables prepared according to the invention can be used in borehole devices to perform operations in penetrating boreholes, geological formations that may contain gas and oil deposits. The cables can be used to interconnect well logging tools, such as gamma ray emitters / eceptors, calibration devices, resistivity measuring devices, seismic devices, neutron emitters / receivers, and the like, to one or more supplies of energy, and data logging equipment outside the well. The cables of the invention can also be used in seismic operations, including subsea and subterranean seismic operations. The cables can also be useful as permanent monitoring cables for boreholes. For boreholes with potential well head pressure, grease flow tubes pumped under pressure into the restricted region between the cable and a metal pipe are typically used for wellbore pressure control. The number of flow tubes depends on the absolute head pressure and the allowable pressure drop across the length of the flow tube. The fat pump pressure of the grease is typically 20% greater than the pressure at the well head. Some cables produced herein may allow the use of sealing devices, such as, for example, non-limiting rubber stoppers, such as a friction seal to contain the well head pressure, thereby minimizing or eliminating the need for tubing. of fat packing flow. As a result, the height of cable equipment for pressure operations is decreased as well as the size of the well site surface equipment related to it such as the size and length of the crane / arm. Also, the cables of the invention with a sealing device will reduce the requirements and complexity of grease pumps as well as transport and personnel requirements for operation at a well site. In addition, co o the use of grease imposes environmental problems and should be discarded based on local government regulations, which involve additional storage / transport and disposal, the use of cables of the invention can also result in significant reduction in the use of grease or its complete elimination. The cables prepared according to the invention that have been spliced can be run at a well site. Since the traditional requirement to use metal flow tubes containing grease with a narrow tolerance as part of the well head equipment for pressure control can be avoided with the use of friction seal sealing equipment such tight tolerances can be relax. In this way, the use of spliced cables at the well site may be possible. Since some cables produced by the invention are soft or smooth, on the external surface, the friction forces (both with WHE and cable trawls) are significantly reduced compared to armored recording cables of similar size. Reduced friction would enable the ability to use less weights to run the cable in the borehole and reduction in the vortex formation pQabilidad, resulting in shorter tool strings and additional reduction in the required equipment height. Reduced cable friction, or also known as cable drag, will also improve the transfer efficiency in helical, highly deviated, Z-shaped and horizontal borehole completions. As traditional shielded cables tend to be sawed to cut into borehole walls due to their high friction properties, and the possibilities of differential pressure retention ("key settling" or "differential retention") are increased, wiring prepared in This can help reduce the chances of differential pressure retention since the smooth outer surface can not easily cut to the borehole walls, especially in highly deviated walls and S-shaped well profiles. The cables would reduce the friction load of the cable to the borehole equipment and would therefore potentially reduce wear on the tubulars and other well drilling termination equipment (gas lift, drill seals, nipples, etc.). ). In some smooth line or multiple line cables produced by methods according to the invention, the need for metal tubes in the cable design can be reduced or even eliminated. The smooth line or multiple line cables produced herein may include embedded shield wire layers and housed in a polymer material, surrounding the cable core. The shield wires may be of any suitable diameter, preferably from about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm. A jacket of external polymer material surrounding the shield wires can function to protect the abrasion wires, provide sealing properties, and in the event of shield wire failure, contain the failed shield wires. This approach can also provide smooth line and high resistance multiple line cables, which are improvements over traditional smooth line and multiple line cables that generally use short resistance fatigue steel tubes. The steel tubes can still be effectively used in cables produced in accordance with the invention as an alternative means for sealing the cable. The particular embodiments described above are illustrative only, since the invention can be modified and practiced in different ways but apparent equivalents to those experts in the field who have the benefit of the teachings herein. In addition, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design shown herein, other than as described in the claims below. Therefore, it is clear that the particular modalities above described can be altered or modified and said variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the invention. In particular, each scale of values (of the form "from about a to about JJ, or equivalently," from about aab ", or equivalently," from about ab ") described herein should be understood as making reference to the adjustment of energy (the adjustment of all subgames) of the respective scale of values Consequently, the protection sought in the present is as set forth in the claims below.

Claims (5)

1. CLAIMS 1.- A method for manufacturing an electric cable, comprising. (a) provide at least one isolated conductor; (b) extruding a first layer of polymeric material onto the insulated conductor, (c) providing a first layer of shielding wires around the polymeric material and embedding the shielding wires in the first polymeric material by exposure to a source of electromagnetic radiation; and (d) extruding a second layer of polymeric material over the first layer of shield wires embedded in the first layer of polymeric material.
2. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising providing a second layer of shielding wires around the second layer of polymeric material and incruting the shielding wires by exposure to a source of electromagnetic radiation, and extruding a third polymeric layer around the second layer of shielding wire wherein the third polymeric material forms a polymeric shirt around the second layer of shielding wires.
3. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising exposing the first layer of polymeric material to a second source of electromagnetic radiation before extruding a second layer of polymeric material onto the first layer of shielding wires embedded in the first layer. layer of polymeric material, where the polymer layers are bound.
4. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising exposing at least the second layer of polymeric material to a third source of electromagnetic radiation before providing a second layer of shielding wire, providing a second layer of shielding wires on the second layer of polymeric material on the second layer of shield wires, and extruding a third layer of polymeric material on the second layer of shield wires, wherein the polymer layers are bonded.
5. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the insulated conductor comprises a plurality of metal conductors housed in an insulated sleeve. 6.- The method of compliance with the claim 5, wherein the insulated jacket comprises: (a) a first layer of insulating sleeves arranged around the metallic conductors wherein the first insulating jacket layer has a first relative permissiveness; and (b) a second insulating jacket layer disposed around the first insulating jacket layer and having a second relative permissiveness that is less than the first relative permissiveness. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first relative permissiveness is within a scale of about 2.5 to about 1Q.Q, and wherein the second relative permeability is within a scale of about 1.8. to around 5.0. 8. - The method according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of metal conductors surrounding the isolated conductor. 9 - The method according to claim 1, wherein the layer of polymeric material is formed of a polymeric material selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polyamide, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyarylether ether ketone, polyaryl ether ketone, polyphenylene sulfide, modified polyphenylene sulfide, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene polymers, polymers of poll (l, 4-phenyleneA polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy, fluorinated propylene ethylene, chlorinated ethylene propylene, chloro-trifluoroethylene of ethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene- perfluoromethylvinyl ether, and any mixtures thereof 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the layer of polymeric material is formed of a polymeric material which is an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene polymer. with claim 1, wherein the layer of polymeric material is formed of a polymeric material that is a perfluoroalkoxy polymer 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the layer of polymeric material is formed of a polymeric material that is a polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether polymer. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the layer of polymeric material is formed of a polymeric material that is fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the layer of polymeric material it is formed of a polymeric material comprising short and / or ground reinforcing fibers, short and / or ground reinforcing carbon fibers, na-no-carbon fibers, nano-carbon particles, or any mixture thereof. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the borehole cable has an external diameter of about 05 mm to about 400 mm, preferably from about 1 mm to about 100 mm »16. - An electric cable produced in accordance with the method of claim 1 as used in a borehole, wherein the cable is a single cable, a cable, a heptacable, a cable, smooth line cable, multiple line cable, or a coaxial cable. 17. An electrical cable produced in accordance with the method of claim 1, as used in borehole or seismic operations. 18. A method for manufacturing a borehole electrical cable comprising: (a) providing a cable core, wherein the cable core comprises six insulated conductors served in a spiral around a central insulated conductor (b) extrude a first layer of polymeric material on the cable core; (c) serving a first layer of shield wires around the polymeric material and embedding the shield wires in the first polymeric material by exposure to a source of electromagnetic radiation: and (d) extruding a second layer of polymeric material onto the first layer of shield wires embedded in the first layer of polymeric material. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising serving a second layer of shield wires around the second layer of polymeric material and embedding the shield wires by exposure to a source of electromagnetic radiation, and extruding a third layer. polymer layer around the second layer of shield wires wherein the third polymer material forms a polymer jacket around the second layer of shield wires. 20. The method according to claim 18, further comprising exposing the first polymeric material to a second source of electromagnetic radiation before extruding a second layer of polymeric material onto the first layer of wires of shield embedded in the first layer of polymeric material, wherein the polymer layers are bonded. 21. The method according to claim 18, further comprising exposing at least the second layer of polymeric material to a third source of electromagnetic radiation before serving a second layer of shielding wires, serving a second layer of shielding wires. on the second layer of polymeric material on the second layer of shield wires, and extruding a third layer of polymeric material on the second layer of shield wires, wherein the polymer layers are bonded. 22. The method according to claim 18, wherein the layer of polymeric material is formed of a polymeric material selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polyamide, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyarylether ether ketone, polyaryl ether ketone, polyphenylene sulfide, modified polyphenylene sulfide, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene polymers, poly (1, -phenylene) polymers, potethafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy polymers, fluorinated propylene ethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinylether polymers, and any mixtures thereof. 23.- A well bore cable of conformity with the method of claim 18, as used in a borehole or in seismic operations. 24. A method for manufacturing an insulated strand conductor comprising: (a) providing at least one insulated conductor; (b) extruding a first layer of polymeric material on the insulated conductor; (c) serving a conductor layer around the polymeric material and embedding the conductors in the first polymeric material by exposure to a source of electromagnetic radiation; and (d) extruding a second layer of polymeric material onto the first conductor layer embedded in the first layer of polymeric material. 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the layer of polymeric material is formed of a polymeric material selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polyamide, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyarylether ether ketone, polyaryl ether ketone, polyphenylene sulfide, modified polyphenylene sulfide, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene polymers, poly (1, -phenylene) polymers, polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy polymers, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethovinyl ether polymers, and any mixtures thereof. 26. The method according to claim 24, further comprising exposing the first polymeric material to a second source of electromagnetic radiation before extruding a second layer of polymeric material onto the first layer of conductors embedded in the first layer of polymeric material , where the polymeric layers are bound.