MX2007016275A - Electrical cables with stranded wire strength members - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are high strength wellbore electric cables, which are formed from a plurality of strength members. The strength members are formed from several stranded filament wires which may be encased within a jacket of polymeric material. The strength members may be used as a central strength member, or even layered around a central axially positioned component or strength member, to form a layer of strength members. Cables of the invention may be of any practical design, including monocables, coaxial cables, quadcables, heptacables, slickline cables, multi-line cables, etc., and have improved resistant to corrosion, torque balancing, and gas migration from a wellbore to the surface.

Description

ELECTRIC CABLES WITH RESISTANT MEMBERS OF CABLE DOUBLE THREAD COKÍ BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to electric cables of deep-hole armored record. In one aspect, the invention relates to resistance wires based on resistant members of coiled wires used with devices for analyzing geological formations adjacent to deep holes. Generally, geological formations within the earth that contain oil and / or petroleum gas have properties that can be linked with the ability of the formations to contain said products. For example, formations that contain oil or petroleum gas have higher electrical resistivity than those that contain water. Formations that generally comprise shale, which can encapsulate oil-containing formations, may have much larger porosities than sandstone and limestone, but because the size of the shale is very small, it can be very difficult to remove trapped oil or gas in the same. Consequently, it may be convenient to measure several characteristics of the geological formations adjacent to a well to help determine the location of a formation containing oil and / or petroleum gas as well as the amount of oil and / or oil gas trapped within the well. training. The logging tools, which are usually devices in the form of long pipes, can be lowered into the well to measure these characteristics at different depths along the well. These recording tools may include gamma-ray emitters / receivers, calipers, devices for resistivity measurement, neutron emitters / receivers, and the like, which are used to sense the characteristics of formations adjacent to the well. A shielded log wire of the wire line connects the logging tool with one or more electrical power sources and the data analysis equipment on the land surface, as well as provides structural support to logging tools as they decrease and they rise through the well. Generally, the wire line cable is wound out of a drum unit from a truck or an offshore facility onto a few pulleys, and down into the well. Shielded log cables should often have high resistance to suspend the weight of the tools and the cable length itself. Line cables are usually formed from a combination of metallic conductors, insulating material, fillers, sleeves and armored wires. The sleeves usually cover a cable core, in which the core contains metallic conductors, insulating material, fillers and the like. Armored wires usually surround the shirts and core. The armored wires used in the cables of the line serve several purposes. They provide physical protection to conductors in the cable core as the cable corrodes on deep surfaces. They carry the weight of the rope of the tool and the hundreds of meters of cable that hang in the well. Two common causes of line cable damage are corrosion of the shielded wire and torque imbalance. Corrosion commonly leads to weakened or broken armored wires. The shielded wire is normally constructed from cold-drawn cold-drawn perillico for corrosion protection. While zinc protects steel at moderate temperatures, studies have shown that passivation of zinc in water (that is, the loss of its corrosion protection properties) can occur at elevated temperatures. Once the armored wire begins to oxidize, it loses strength and ductility quickly. Although the cable number may still be functional, it is not economically feasible to replace the shielded wire, and the entire cable must be discarded. Once the corrosive fluids infiltrate the annular spaces, it is difficult or impossible to remove them completely. Even after the cable is cleaned, corrosive fluids remain in the annular spaces that damage the cable. As a result, cable corrosion is essentially a continuous process that begins with the first strip of line cable in the well. When axial load is applied to a cable, the helical arrangement of the shielded wire causes the cable to develop a torsional load. The magnitude of this load depends on the arrangement of the propeller and the size of the armored wires. There are two traditional ways of reducing the magnitude of the torque that develops: (1) substantially increases the length of the propeller, or (2) uses armored wires with a smaller diameter on the outside and a larger diameter on the inside. None of these options is very practical with line cable. The first approach increases the rigidity of the cable for flexing. The second approach can lead to decreased cable life due to the distribution of abrasion. The cable also experiences a reduction in diameter due to the radial forces that develop during cable loading. This compensates for the core of the cable and can cause the cable to drag on the conductors, leading to possible short circuits or broken conductors. During the torsional loading of the cable, the effective breaking load of the cable will decrease due to a change in the distribution of carba over the two layers of armored wires. Also, when shielded internal and external layers of the wire are used, each having wires oriented in helical configurations, this leads to the development of torque when it is capable of being placed under an axial load. Another problem encountered with traditional armored wire cables occurs in pressure can wells, the line runs through one or several pipe lengths packed with grease to seal the gas pressure in the well while allowing the line to travel inward and outside the well. Because the layers of armored wires have not filled annular spaces, well gas can migrate and travel through these spaces upward to lower pressure. This gas tends to stay in place as the line travels through the pipe packed with grease. As the line goes over the upper pulley in the upper part of the pipe, the armored wires tend to separate slightly and the pressurized gas is released, where it becomes a danger of explosion. Therefore, there is a need for well-shielded, high-strength electric cables that are resistant to corrosion and have torque equilibrium, while efficiently manufacturing. In addition, there is a need for cables that help to avoid or reduce the migration of gas from a well orifice. An electrical cable that can overcome one or more of the problems detailed above while driving large amounts of power with transmission of important data signals could be highly convenient, and the need is to comply, at least in part, with the following invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to electric well cables, and in particular, the invention relates to high resistance cables formed of resistant members. The cables are used with devices to analyze geological formations adjacent to the well. The cables of the invention can be of a practical design, including single cables, coaxial cables, quad cables, heptacables, single-line cables, multi-line cables, etc. The cables described herein have improved corrosion resistance, torque balance and also helped to avoid or minimize migration of hazardous gas from a well to the surface. The cables of the invention use double-stranded filaments covered with polymer sleeves as strong members. The filaments are simple continuous metal wires that run through the length of the cable. A plurality of filaments form a bundle to form a resistant member, and may include a polymeric jacket covering the filaments. The strength members can be used as a central strength member or even in layers around an axially positioned component of the central frame or resistance member to form a layer of strong members. More than one layer of strong members can also be formed. In one embodiment, the cable is a well electric cable including a central component and a strong inner member layer. The layer includes at least three (3) resilient members, wherein the inner layer is disposed adjacent to the component entering a flat angle, each strength member forming the layer includes a central filament, at least three (3) filaments arranged helically adjacent the central filament and a polymeric jacket covering the central filament and filaments arranged adjacent to the central filament. In one embodiment, the cable includes a central component, an inner layer of resistant members, the layer formed of at least four (4) resistant members, wherein the inner layer is disposed adjacent the central component at a flat angle. Each resistance member includes a central filament, at least three (3) filaments arranged helically adjacent the central filament, at least three (3) filaments helically disposed adjacent the central filament, and a polymeric jacket covering the central filament and filaments. arranged adjacent to the central filament. In addition, at least one layer of shielded wire is helically positioned adjacent the outer peripheral surface of the separation members. Also described is a well electric cable formed of a central component, at least four (4) resistive members disposed adjacent to the central component, a polymeric sleeve disposed over the resistive members, and a layer of armored wires helically positioned adjacent to the sleeve polymeric BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention can be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. IA illustrates an embodiment wherein the individual filaments are wound together at a counter-orientation angle relative to the orientation of resistance members that make up the cable. Figure 2 depicts a process for forming resistance members with a polymeric material and the ability to attach the resistant member to the polymeric jacket of the cable.

Figure 3 illustrates a method for embedding and forming external filaments disposed on a layer of polymeric material. Fig. 4 illustrates by cross-sectional representation of the resistance member itself, the preparation described in Fig. 2. Figs. 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D illustrate various embodiments of coiled filament resistance members useful for some cables of the invention. Figure 6 illustrates the preparation of cables containing the resistance members of braided wires with balanced torque. Figures 7A to 7F show by cross section, a coaxial cable according to the invention. FIGS. A to 9F illustrate, by cross section, a heptacable embodiment with resistant members of entangled filaments balanced with torque, according to the invention. Figures 10A to 10E illustrate a cable with resistance members with balanced torque and insulated helical conductors. Figures HA, 11B, 11C and 11D illustrate, by cross-section, the construction of a seismic gun cable with resistant members of twisted cable with torque balance, according to the invention.

Figure 12 illustrates a cross-sectional view, a cable is assembled using resistant members and individual conductors according to the invention. Figure 13 shows a cross-sectional view of a cable mode using mixed polymeric materials of long continuous fibers as strong members. Figure 14 illustrates in cross-section a cable using small resilient members disposed adjacent a central conductor, thus forming a central component of the cable.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Illustrative embodiments of the invention are described below. In the interest of clarity, not all aspects of current implementation are described in this specification. Of course it will be appreciated that in the development of any modality, numerous specific decisions for implementation will have to be made to achieve the specific revealing goals, such as the compliance with restrictions related to the system and related to the business, which will vary from one implementation to another. . In addition, it will be appreciated that said development effort can be complex and time consuming but nevertheless it could be a routine carried out by those who have ordinary experience in the subject and who have the benefit of that description.

The invention relates to high strength cable including coiled wires as resistance members, wherein the cables are shipped in the wells used with devices for analyzing geological formations adjacent to a well. The methods for manufacturing such cables, and the uses of the cables in seismic and well operations are also described. The cables according to the invention have improved resistance to corrosion, as well as improved torque balance. Some embodiments of cables of the invention also help to avoid or reduce the migration of dangerous gas from a well to the surface. In addition, the cables of the invention can be manufactured efficiently than traditional armored well cables. The cables according to the invention use rolled filaments as resistant members. The term "filament" as used in the present, means a single continuous metallic wire running the length of the cable in which it is used to form, and should consider the equivalent of an armored wire unless otherwise indicated. A plurality of filaments are tied in bundles to form a "resistant member" and may include a polymeric jacket covering the filaments. The resistant members can be used as a central strength member, or even in layers around an axially centrally placed component or strong member, to form a layer of strong members, more than one layer of strong members can also be formed. the electrically conductive filaments are used to form the resistive member, if the resistive member has sufficiently high electrical conductance, it can be used to conduct electricity, as illustrated in Figure IA and IB, illustrating one embodiment of the cables in accordance with invention, the individual filaments 102 (only one is indicated) can be wound helically (tied in bundles) around a central filament 104 in a rotational direction A to form the resistive member 106. The direction A at least is in a counter-rotational direction in relation to the rotational orientation B in Figure IB for the plurality of resistant members to Helical beams 106 (only one indicated) forming the cable 108, since the resistant members are placed in layers on the central component 016 (only one indicated) forming the cable 108, since the resistant members are placed in layers on the central component 110 of the cable 108. Cable 108 further includes a sleeve 112 containing the plurality of resistive members 106 and central component 110, as well as a polymeric sleeve 112 that cover filaments 102., 104 of resistive member 106. Plain angles of filaments 104 in the resistant members of coiled filaments 106, and flat angles of resistant members 106 tied in bundles to form cable 108 can be adjusted for optimum torque balance . The polymeric materials used to form the jacket 112 covering the filaments 102, 104, and the plurality of resistive members 106 (only one is indicated in Figure IB) can be continuously attached to hold the members in place. The polymer can be amended with short fibers to provide such benefits as added strength or abrasion resistance. A polymer with fewer fibers, ends, can be included to provide an optimal seal surface that can also tear and break. Referring to Figure IB, the annular spaces 114 (only one shown) formed between the filaments 102, 104, the resistive members 106, and the conductor 110 in cables of the invention can be filled with polymeric materials, to reduce the minimum or avoid the infiltration, accumulation, and / or transport of deep fluids and gases. The polymeric shirts 112 can also serve as a filter or trap for many corrosive fluids. By minimizing the strength members 106 to those materials and preventing the accumulation of corrosive fluids in the annular spaces 114, it is thought that the filaments 102, 104, and the service life of the cables is significantly improved. While the embodiments of the invention are not linked to any particular theory or mechanism of operation, the following may illustrate the torque equilibrium of some cables of the invention. Each resistive member of twisted filaments has a torque value (T ri) before being wired into the voltage T (all torques are given a reference voltage). Summing up the values for all the resistant members of a given type gives the value of total torque (Te). Plain angles used for individual filaments in the resistant members and in the wiring the resistant members completed on the core of the cable can be adjusted to provide the optimal torque balance, as explained by the following expressions: Twrt = Torque for a sturdy member of a tangled wire before wiring Twrtt = __Twrt Twrtc = Torque (counter for Twrt) created by wiring a sturdy member of braided wires over the cable core T rtCT = - TwrtC Twrtt = Twrtct The wiring of the resistive members on the central component of the cable in a counter rotation in relation to that of the individual external filaments in the resistant members create cables of size of a line and multiple lines that can withstand higher workloads (it is say, 500 kgf to 100 kgf = The electric cables for armored wells according to the invention generally include a central component, and at least three (3) resistant members disposed adjacent the central component, each resistant member comprising a central filament, at least three (3) filaments arranged helically adjacent to the central filament, and a polymeric jacket that covers the central filament and filaments arranged adjacent to the central filament. The central component can be an insulated conductor, conductor or a strong member. The central component can be of such construction that it forms a single cable, a line cable, of multiple lines, heptacable, seismic, of four limes or a coaxial. The resistance members are preferably arranged helically around the central component. The polymer jacket is preferably modified, at least in part, with a fiber reinforcing material. The cables according to the invention can use any suitable material to form filaments that are of high strength and provide such benefits as corrosion resistance, low friction, low abrasion, and high fatigue threshold. Non-limiting examples of such materials include steel, steel with a carbon content in the range of about 0.6% by weight to about 1% in that, any highly resistant steel wire with greater strength than 2900 mPa, and the like. Using the tire cords to manufacture the resistant members allows less installation angles to be used, which can result in cables with superior working resistances. The filament materials can also be an organic material with high strength, such as, but not limited to a, mixed materials reinforced with continuous fibers, formed of a polymer such as PEEK, PEK, PP, PPS, fluoropolymers, thermoplastics, thermoplastic elastomers, thermosetting polymers, and the like, and the continuous fibers can be carbon, glass, quartz, or any suitable synthetic material. As described above, the cables of the invention can include braided filaments covered with sleeves. Also, the interstitial spaces formed between resistant members (braided filaments), and between the resistant members and central component, can be filled with a polymeric material. The polymeric materials are used to form the polymeric shirts and the filling of the interstices can be any suitable polymeric material. Suitable examples include, but are not necessarily limited to, polyolefin (such as EPC or polypropylene), other polyolefins, polyamide, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyaryletherethretone ketone (PEEK), polyaryl ether ketone (PEK, its acronym in English), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS, for its acronym in English), modified polyphenylene sulfide, polymers of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE, for its acronym in English), poly (1, 4-phenylene), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroalcpxi polymers (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) polymers, polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethyl vinylether (MFA) polymers, acronym in English, Parmax®, chloroethylene-trifluoroethylene (such as Halar®), chlorinated ethylene propylene, and mixtures thereof. Preferred polymeric materials are ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene polymers, perfluoroalkoxy polymers, fluorinated ethylenepropylene polymers, and polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinylether polymers. The polymeric material may be arranged contiguously from the center of the cable to the outermost layer of shielded wires or may extend beyond the outer periphery thereby forming a polymer jacket that completely covers the shielded wires. By "contiguously arranged" it is meant that the polymeric material is touching or connected through the cable in an unbroken form to form a matrix that covers and isolates other cable components, such as the central component of strong member filaments. Referring again to Figure IA and IB, an example of such contiguous matrix covering and isolating other cable components is represented by the polymeric shirts 112 as well as filling the interstitial spaces 114 with a polymeric material. In some cases, when different polymeric materials are used, the materials forming the polymeric shirts can also be chemically and / or mechanically joined together. In some embodiments, the polymeric material can be bonded chemically and / or mechanically in a contiguous manner from the innermost layer to the outermost layer.Similarly viewed, the polymeric materials can be continuously bonded from the center of the head to its periphery, forming A uniform shirt that is resistant to tearing Short carbon fibers Glass fibers or other synthetic fibers can be added to the jacket materials to reinforce the thermoplastic material or thermoplastic elastomer and provide protection against cutting. , ceramic or other particles to the polymeric matrix to increase the abrasion resistance The cables of the invention can include metallic conductors and in some cases, one or more optical fibers With reference to Fig. 1, the optical fiber conductors , when used, they are usually contained within the core component of the cable, as shown by s conductors 116 (only one is indicated). Also, the conductors and optical fiber can be placed in other areas of the cable, including the interstices 114. Any suitable metallic conductor can be used. Examples of metallic conductors include, but are not necessarily limited to, copper, nickel-coated copper, or aluminum. The preferred metallic conductors are copper conductors. While any suitable number of metallic conductors can be used to form the central component 110, preferably from 1 to 60 metallic conductors, more preferably 1, 7, 19 or 37 metallic conductors are used. In Figure 1, the central component 110 shown contains seven (7) conductors 116 to form a single cable. It can be any commercially available optical fiber. The optical fibers can be single-mode fibers or fibers in multiple ways, which are coated or not hermetically coated. When they are hermetically coated, a carbon or metallic coating is usually applied to the optical fibers. Any fiber optic can be placed at any location in an inline cable core configuration. The optical fibers can be placed centrally (axially) or helically in the cable. One or more additional coatings, such as, but not limited to, acrylic coatings, silicon coatings, silicon / PFA coatings, silicon / PFA / silicone coatings or polyimide coatings, may be applied to the optical fiber. The commercially available coated optical fibers may have another coating of a mild polymeric material such as silicone, EPDM and the like, to allow any metallic conduit placed around the optical fibers to be imbibed. Said coating can allow the separation of the optical fiber and metallic conductors to be completely filled, as well as attenuation of reduction of optical fiber data transmission capacity. A protective polymer coating can be applied to each filament for corrosion protection. Non-limiting examples of coatings include: fluoropolymer coatings such as FEP, Tefzel®, PFA, PTFE, MFA: PEEK or PEK with fluoropolymer combination, combination of PPS and PTFE; latex coatings; or rubber coatings. The filaments can also be seeded in metal coated plates of about 1.27 microns to about 7.6 microns, which can improve the bonding of the filaments to the polymer jacket materials. Plating materials may include such materials as ToughMet® (a high strength copper-nickel-tin alloy manufactured by Brush ellman), brass, copper, copper alloys and the like. The polymeric jacket material and filament coating material can be selected so that the filaments do not unite and can move within the jacket. In such scenarios, jacket materials may include polyolefins (such as EPC or polypropylene), fluoropolymers (such as Tefzel®, PFA, or MFA), PEEK or PEK, Parmax, or even PPS. In some cases, the virgin polymers forming the liners do not have sufficient mechanical properties to withstand 11339.75 kg to pull compressive forces as the cable pulls on the pulleys, so that the polymeric material can mend with short fibers. The fibers can be carbon, fiberglass, ceramic, Kevlar ®, Vectran ®, quartz, nanocarbon or any other suitable synthetic material. As the friction for polymers amended with short fibers can be significantly higher than that of the virgin polymer, to provide lower friction, a layer of 2.54 to 38.1 kg / cm2 of virgin material can be added on the outside of the fiber-amended liner. The particles can be added to the polymeric materials to form the liners to improve wear resistance and other mechanical properties. This can be done to form a 2.54 to 38.1 kg / cm2 layer applied to the outside of the jacket or through the polymer matrix of the jacket. The particles may include Ceramer ™, boron nitride, PTFE, graphite or any combination thereof. As an alternative, for Ceramer ™, fluoropolymers or other polymers can be reinforced with nanoparticles to improve wear resistance and other mechanical properties. This can be done in the form of about 2.54 to about 25.4 kg / cm2 applied on the outside of the jacket or through the polymer matrix of the jacket. The nanoparticles may include nanoclays, nanosilices, nanocarbon bundles, nanocarbon fibers, or any other suitable nano material. Soft polymers (with a hardness scale of less than 50 ShoreA) can be extruded onto the central filament in the strength members used in this invention. Suitable materials include, but are not limited to, Santoprene, or any other polymer softened by the addition of suitable plasticizers.

The filling rods can be placed in the interstices formed between the resistant members, and the resistant members and core component of cables according to the invention. In addition, some filler rods include a compression-resistant rod and a compression-resistant polymer that covers the rod. The filling rods can be formed from several hermetically twisted synthetic yarns, or monofilaments. The materials used to prepare the compression-resistant filling rods include, but are not necessarily limited to, tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketone (PEK), fluoropolymers and synthetic fibers, such as polyester, polyamides, Kevlar®, Vectran®, fiberglass, carbon fiber, quartz fiber and the like. Examples of compression resistant polymers used to cover the filler rod include, for example, non-limiting, Tefzel, MFA, perfluoroalkoxy resin (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetherketone (PEEK), polyolefins (such as [EPC] or polypropylene [PP]), fluoropolymers reinforced with carbon fibers and the like. These filler rods can also minimize optical fibers since the cable can maintain better geometry when high voltage is applied.

The materials forming the jacket materials used in the cables according to the invention may also include a fluoropolymer additive, or fluoropolymer additives, in the mixture of materials to form the cable. Such additives can be useful to produce long lengths of high quality cables at high manufacturing speeds. Suitable fluoropolymer additives include, but are not necessarily limited to, polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy polymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, fluorinated ethylene propylene, perfluorinated poly (ethylene-propylene), and any mixture thereof. The fluoropolymers can also be copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene and optionally a third comonomer, copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride and optionally a third comonomer, copolymers of chlorotriflorethylene and ethylene and optionally a third comonomer, copolymers of hexafluoropropylene and ethylene and optionally the third comonomer , and copolymers of hexalfuoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride and optionally a third comonomer. The fluoropolymer additive should have a melting peak temperature below the extrusion processing temperature and preferably in the range from about 200 ° C to about 350 ° C. To prepare the mixture, the fluoropolymer additive is mixed with the polymeric material. The fluoropolymer additive may be incorporated into the mixture in the amount of about 5% or less by weight based on the total weight of the mixture, preferably about 1% by weight based less on total blend weight, more preferably about e075 % or less based on the total weight of the mixture. The components used in the cables according to the invention can be placed at a flat angle of zero or any suitable flat angle in relation to the central axis of the cable. Generally, the central component is placed at a flat angle of zero, while the strong members surrounding the central insulated conductor are helically positioned around the central component at desired flat angles. The cables according to the invention can have a practical design, including single cables, coaxial cables, quad cables, heptacables, single-line cables, multi-line cables and the like. In the coaxial cable designs of the invention, they are arranged in a plurality of metallic conductors adjacent to the outer periphery of the central component. Also, for any cable of the invention, the insulated conductors can also be covered in a ribbon. All the materials including the tape arranged around the insulated conductors can be selected so that they are chemically and / or mechanically joined together. The cables of the invention can have an external diameter of about 1 mm to about 125 mm, and preferably, a diameter of about 2 mm to about 20 mm. In some embodiments of the invention, the resistive members can be manufactured with interstitial spaces formed between the individual filaments filled with a polymeric material and while allowing the resistive members to be bonded to the cable jacket of the polymer. This is illustrated below in Figures 2, 3 and 4. Figure 2 illustrates a process for forming resilient members with interstitial spaces filled with a polymeric material, the ability to attach the resistance member to the cable jacket of the polymer. In Figure 2, a polymeric material 202 is extruded by compression onto a central filament 204 in the extruder 206. The polymeric material 202 can be a non-fiber reinforced polymer, short fiber reinforced polymer, formed polymer or a mild polymer. The outer filaments 208 (only one indicated) are distributed from the coils 210 and and the wired copper polymer material 202 at a suitable flat angle, at the process point 212 to form the resistance member 214. In one embodiment, if a The short fiber reinforced polymer is used as the polymeric material 202, the resistor member 214 can then pass through a heat source 216 (such as electromagnetic heat source) which heats the polymeric material 202 appropriately such that the External filaments 208 are particularly embedded in the polymeric material 202. If a soft polymer polymer formed is used as the polymeric material 202, the heat source 216 may not be necessary. The resistance member 214 may pass through a series of rollers 218, and as shown in Figure 3, which serves to embed the outer filament in the polymeric material 202 and maintain a consistent cross-sectional profile. An outer polymeric shirt 220, which can be reinforced into short fibers, can be extruded by compression on the outer filaments 208 to complete the resistance member 224. The polymeric shirt eliminates the interstitial spaces between the wires and allows the resistance members to join instead when they are wired into the shielded cables. In some embodiments, the resistance member 214 could have, at most, two layers of filaments arranged by the central filament 204, each layer with nine or less external filaments 208. The layers could be applied by repeating the process described in Fig. 2. A polymeric material 202 could be disposed on each layer of filaments.

Referring again to FIG. 3, a technique as described above in FIG. 2, using two sets of adjustable rollers 302 and 304 are deflected by an angle of approximately 90 degrees. As shown in Figure 3, precisely sized slots 306 in the rollers press the wired outer strands 208 uniformly into the polymeric material 202, resulting in firmly contacting and embedding outer filaments 208 as the resistive member is moves in the direction C. Figure 4 further illustrates by cross-sectional representation of the resistant member itself, the preparation described in Figure 2 above. In Figure 4, the polymeric material 202 is extruded by compression onto a central filament 204. Then, the outer filaments 208 (only one indicated) are wired over the polymeric material 202. The outer filaments 208 are embedded in the polymeric material 202. An outer polymeric shirt 220 can be extruded onto the outer filaments 208 to complete the resistance member. Figures 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D, illustrate various embodiments of braided filament resistance members useful for some cables of the invention. In Figure 5A, a smooth or shaped polymer 502 can be disposed over the central filament 504 of the resistance member. The soft or formed polymer 502 fills the interstitial spaces formed between the outer filaments 506 (only one is indicated) and the middle filament 504, and a polymer jacket 508 (which can be reinforced with short fibers) is placed adjacent to the outer filaments 506. Also, heating is not required to form the resistance member 510. In Figure 5B, the design is almost the same as that in Figure 5A, except that the interstitial spaces 512 formed between the outer filaments 5056 and central filament 504 are not they are filled to form the strength member 514. The strength member 522 in Figure 5C uses a polymeric material reinforced with short fibers 524 placed completely and contiguously over the middle filament 504 and the filament 504 is isolated from the outer filaments 506. Figure 5D of a braided wire resistance member 532 without a polymeric jacket, composed only of external filaments 506 and central filament 504. Figures 6 and 76A-7F illustrate some embodiments, and the preparation of the cables, of the invention which are single-cable with braided wire resistance members with balanced torque. In Figure 6, a polymeric jacket reinforced with fibers 602 is extruded by compression with the extruder 606 on a central component 604 that is a monocable conductor, such as the central component 110 in Figure IB. The braided filament resistance members 608 (only one is indicated) are wired from the coils 610 (only one is indicated) over the polymeric sleeve 602 at suitable flat angles. This level angle may be contrary to the angle used for the filaments in the strength members 608 (that is, if the external wires are wired in the clockwise direction in the resistant members the full strength members are wired in the direction counterclockwise on the cable). Next, the cable comprising resistance members 608 and the central component 604 with polymeric jacket 602, traveling in the direction D, passes through an electromagnetic heat source 612. The heat melts lightly the fiber-reinforced jacket 602 in the central component of the cable 604 and the resistance members 608, allowing the resistance members 608 to be embedded at least partially in the polymeric jacket 602 of the central component of the cable 604. The cable then passes through a series of rollers 614 to further embed the strength members 608 and maintain a consistent cross-sectional profile. As an option, the filler rods 616 (only one indicated), optionally coated with fiber-reinforced polymer, or other suitable fillers, can be applied from coils 618 (only one is indicated) in the grooves between the outer surfaces of the strength members 60 '8. Passing through a second Heat source 620 could allow the fillings 616 to at least partially settle in the jacket polymer 602. A second series of rollers 622 can also be embedded in the filling rods 616 in place and maintains the profile of the cable. A polymer jacket reinforced with external fibers can be extruded by compression of extruder 624 onto resistor members 608 and optional fill rods 616 to form monocable 626. FIGS. 7A through 7F show in cross-section, the steps used to prepare the monocable with balanced torque resistor members written earlier in Figure 6. In Figure 7A, a jacketed monocable conductor 702 is shown in cross section which includes an outer polymeric jacket 704 that covers an insulated monocable conductor 706. The conductor 706 includes a central metallic conductor 708 with six outer metallic conductors 710 (only one is shown) helically positioned on the central conductor 708. An electrically insulating polymeric material 712 is that disposed adjacent the external conductors 710. In the Figure 7B, a plurality of resistance members 720 (eight in this case, worse only one is indicated) , which are similar to or equal to the resistance member 224 shown in Figure 4, are arranged helically in a first layer or an inner layer adjacent to the conduit of a single cable 702. In Figure 7C, the resistance members 720 are embedded in the 704 outer polymeric jacket of monocable conductor 702. Figure 7D shows how the optional fill rods 730 (only one is indicated) may be disposed adjacent and in contact with two resistance members 720. In Figure 7E, the 730 filler rods are embedded in the jacket of the two-member strength polymer 720. FIG. 7F shows that the fiber-reinforced polymer jacket 740 can be extruded by compression on the strength members 720 and filler rods 730 to form the single cable 750. FIGS. 8A to 8F show in cross-section, a coaxial cable with resistance members with balanced torque according to the invention, FIG. epared by the techniques described in Figure 6. In Figure 8A, a jacketed monocable conductor 802 is shown in cross section, including an outer polymeric jacket 804 that covers an insulated coaxial conduit 806. The conductor 806 includes a metallic conductor central 808 with another six metallic conductors 810 (only one shown) served helically over central conductor 808. An electrically insulating polymeric material 812 is disposed adjacent to external conductors 810, and metallic conductors 814 are disposed at the periphery of the insulating polymeric material 812, to form the coaxial conductor. In Figure 8B, a plurality of resistance members 820 (only one is indicated), are helically disposed in a first layer or the inner layer, adjacent to the conductor 802. In Figure 8C, the resist members 820 are embedded in the outer polymeric jacket 804 of conductor 802. Figure 8D shows filling rods 830 (only indicated once) arranged adjacent to and in contact with two strength members 820. In Figure 8E, filling rods 830 are embedded in the polymeric two-member shirt 820. Figure 8F shows that a fiber reinforced polymeric shirt 840 can be extruded by compression on the resistor members 820 and the filler rods 830 to form the coaxial cable 850. FIGS. 9A a 9F illustrate a heptacable embodiment with braided filament resistance members with balanced torque, according to the invention. In Figure 9A, a polymer jacket reinforced with fibers 904 is extruded by compression onto a normal heptacable conduit 906 that serves as the core cable component 902. The heptacable conductor 906 is essentially a bundle of seven insulated conductors with monocables 706 shown. in Figure 7, with a duct 706a placed on the central axis and six conductors 706b (only one is indicated) arranged helically on the central conductor 706b. The resistance members 920 (only one is indicated) are wired in a first layer, or the inner layer, on the central component 902 at a flat angle. Next, the cable passes through an electromagnetic heat source. The heat slightly melts the fiber-reinforced jacket 904 in the middle component of the cable 902 and the resistor members 920, allowing the resistor members 920 to partially embed in the cable core jacket 904, and the cable passes through the cable. the series of rollers to further embed the resistance members and maintain a consistent profile, as shown in Figure 9C. As an option, as shown in Fig. 9D, the smaller strength members or the single filaments coated in the fiber reinforced polymer 930 (only one is indicated), can be wired in the grooves between the outer surfaces of the members. of high strength 920. Figures 10A to 10E illustrate yet another embodiment of the invention, which is a cable with members of resistance balanced by torque and helically isolated conductors. As shown in Figure 10A, a polymer jacket reinforced with external fibers 1002 is extruded by compression onto a central resistance member 224a, such as 224 written in Figure 4 and above to form the central component 1004. The resistance members 5 Additional 224b (only one is indicated) are wired over the central component 1004 at a flat angle in a first layer or inner layer. This flat angle will be opposite to the angle used for the external filaments 208 (refer to Figure 4) forming the resistance members (ie, if the resistance wires will be wired in the clockwise direction on the resistance members, the resistance members are wired in the counterclockwise direction on the cable). Next, the cable passes through a heat source. The heat lightly melts the fiber reinforced shirts over the central resistance members 1004 and helical 224b, allowing the helical resistance members 224b to partially embed in the sleeve 1002 in the central resistance member 1004 (as shown in Figure 10C). ). The cable passes through a series of rollers to further embed the resistance members 224b in the sleeve 1002 to maintain a consistent profile. Referring now to Figure 10D, the small insulated conductors 1006 are wired helically on the surfaces of external resistive members 224b in the exposed outer peripheral spaces between the resist members 224b. The conductors 1006 are dimensioned so that they do not protrude beyond the outer profile, as represented by the circumference E of all resistor members 224b. Referring now to Figure 10E, an outer fiber reinforced polymeric jacket 1008 is extruded by compression on the resistor members 224b and the conductors 1006 to form the cable 1010. Figures 11A, 11B, 11C and 11D illustrate by cross section the construction of a seismic pistol cable with resistance members of traced wire with balanced torque, according to the present invention. In Figure HA, a polymeric jacket 1102, which can be reinforced with fibers, is extruded by compression onto a core cable component 1104 which can be a seismic gun cable core known or readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The resistance members 1106 (only one shown) are wired over the jacket 1102 and the component 1104, as shown in Figure 11B. The cable then passes through a heat source and the heat melts lightly the sleeves covering the central component of the cable 1102 and the resistance members, allowing the resistance members 1106 to partially embed in the jacket 1102 (see FIG. 11C). The cable then passes through a series of rollers to further embed the resistance member 1106 and maintains a consistent profile. As shown in Figure 11D, a polymeric jacket reinforced with external fibers 1108 is extruded by compression on the resistance members 1106 to form the seismic cable 1110. Figure 12 illustrates yet another embodiment of cables according to the invention in the Figure 12, the cable is assembled from the assembled resistance members and the individual conductors. Four resistance members 1202, each containing a plurality of filaments 1204 (only one indicated) are wired around a central conductor 1206. The dotted circles F (only one indicated) represent effective circumferences of the resistance members 1202. Four external conductors insulated 1208 (only one indicated) are placed in the spaces between the outer portions of the resistance members 1202. The individual shielded wires 1210 (only one indicated) and any suitable size are used through the cable as an interstitial filler. The external conductors 1208 may be contained within metal covers 1216. The central conductor 1206 may be an optical fiber element contained within a stainless steel tube or serve as a wire, for example. Optionally, one or more conductors of 1208 placed in metal covers can be placed in the center of the wire as the conductor 1206. At least one layer, in this two-layer mode, of placed armature wires 1212 and 1214, is placed around the External part of this high strength cable core cable.

Optionally, the polymeric filler can be placed through a high strength cable core to fill any interstitial space. Figure 13 illustrates yet another embodiment of cables according to the invention. In this case, the long continuous fiber composite polymeric materials 1302 (only one indicated) are used in the core of the cable as strong members. The polymeric materials may be disposed through the core of the cable in various other diameters 1304 (only one indicated). The polymeric jacket 1306 is extruded onto mixed polymeric materials containing high strength core 1302 and 1304. A layer of small armored wires 1308 is helically wound around the inner sleeve 12306 to hold the components in place. An outer jacket layer 1310 of the same polymeric material as the inner jacket 1306 is placed over the armored wires 1308. Because they are made of the same material, the inner portion 1306 and the outer liners 1310 can be joined through the spaces between armored wires 1308. The outer sleeve 1310 can be further reinforced with graphite or short synthetic fibers for abrasion and resistance through cutting. The high-strength core may contain insulated conductors 1312 (only one is indicated) or optical fiber contained in a tube or serves as wire 1314.

The numbers and sizes of conductors and resistance members may vary depending on specific design requirements in any of the cables of the invention. For example, if 12 to 18 AWG wire is used, four conductors 1312 can be used as shown in Figure 13. However, if an 8 to 11 AWG wire is used, then maybe two 1312 conductors can be used. Figure 14 illustrates by cross section, another embodiment of the invention, using small resistance members disposed adjacent a central conductor, the combination forming a central component of the cable. The resistance members 1402 (only two indicated) close against each other, providing compression or resistance to collapse to the central conductor 1404. This central conductor 1404 may be a fiber-optic element or a metal-wrapped, compression-resistant conductor , as described before. Individual armored wires 14096 (only one indicated) can be used as an interstitial filler between the resist members 1402. As an option, the resist members 1402 can be placed straight and loosely wrapped with a tape to hold them in place during construction. Because this tape only serves a temporary purpose, it may not need to overlap. Two or more layers 1408 of shielded wires placed may be wrapped around an inner layer 1410 of resistance members 1402. The insulated conductors 1412 (only one indicated) may be uniformly distributed distributed within an outer layer 1414 of resistance members 1402. Additional layers of prepared shielded wire 1416 and 1418 are placed on layer 1414 comprising external conductors 1412 and resistance members 1402. According to the invention, the cables are balanced torque can also be achieved using an internal and an external layer of members of resistance of wire tranzado. For example, a cable may have an outer layer of resistance members disposed adjacent an inner layer of resistance members, wherein the outer layer is formed of at least four (4) members of external resistance. The strength members forming the outer layer can be oriented at a flat angle opposite the flat angle of the resistance members forming the inner layer of the resistance members. Cables may include shielded wires used as electrical current environment wires that provide routes to connect the ground for equipment or deep tools. The invention allows the use of shielded cables for current return while minimizing the danger of electric shock. In some modalities, the polymeric material isolates at least one shielded wire in the first layer of shielded wires thus allowing the use of electric current return wires. The cables according to the invention can be used with well devices to perform operations in geological formations that penetrate the wells that may contain gas and oil deposits. The cables can be used to interconnect well logging tools such as gamma-ray emitters / receivers, calibrating devices, devices that measure resistivity, seismic devices, neutron emitters / receivers and the like, one or more power supplies and recording equipment. of data out of the well. The cables of the invention can also be used in seismic operations, including undersea and underground seismic operations. The cables can also be useful as permanent monitoring cables for wells. The particular embodiments described above are only illustrative, since the invention can be modified and practiced in different ways but obvious equivalents to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. In addition, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design shown herein, other than those described in the following claims. It is therefore evident that the particular embodiments described above can be altered or modified and all variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the invention. In particular, each scale of values (of the form "from about to about b", or equivalently, "from about ab", or equivalently, "from about ab") described herein should be understood to refer to the Power settings (the group of all subgroups) of the respective scale of values. Accordingly, it should be protected herein as exhibited in the following claims.

Claims (25)

CLAIMS:

1. - The electric cable of the hole that includes: a. a central component; and, b. an inner layer of resistance members, the layer comprising at least three member (3) resistance members, wherein the inner layer is disposed adjacent the central component of the level angle and wherein each resistance member comprises: i. a central filament, ii. at least three (3) filaments arranged helically adjacent to the central filament, and iii. a polymeric shirt covering the central filament and filaments arranged adjacent to the central filament.

2. The electric cable according to claim 1, wherein the central component is an insulated conductor.

3. The electric cable according to claim 1, wherein the central component is a resistance member comprising a central conductor, of at least three (3) filaments arranged helically adjacent to the central conductor, and a sleeve matrix. polymer that covers the central conductor and filaments arranged adjacent to the central filament.

4. - The electric cable according to claim 1, wherein the resistance members are arranged helically around the central component.

5. The electric cable according to claim 1, wherein the polymeric jacket further comprises a fiber reinforcing material.

6. The electric cable according to claim 1, wherein the filament may comprise a high strength metal or an organic mixed material.

7. - The electric cable according to claim 6, wherein the filament is a high strength steel.

8. The electric cable according to claim 6, wherein the filament is a high strength long continuous fiber reinforcing material.

9. The electric cable according to claim 1, comprising at least four (4) resistance members arranged helically around the central component.

10. The electric cable according to claim 9, comprising at least six (6) filaments arranged helically adjacent to the central filament, and a polymeric sleeve matrix covering the central filament, and filaments arranged adjacent to the central filament.

11. - The electric cable according to claim 1, further comprising at least one conductor disposed between the high resistance strands adjacent to the central component.

12. The electric cable according to claim 1, comprising two helical layers of resistance members arranged around the central component where the interstitial spaces are filled with a reinforced fiber polymer material, and where the cable has a surface external uniform.

13. The electric cable according to claim 1, wherein the central component is a resistance member comprising a central filament, of at least (3) threads arranged helically adjacent to the central component and insulated metal conductors, preferably copper or nickel-coated copper, disposed at the interfaces formed between helically arranged resistance members and polymeric sleeves covering the central element, resistance members and insulated metal conductors, wherein the cable has a uniform outer surface.

14. The electric cable according to claim 1, comprising two layers of resistance members arranged helically around the central component where the interstitial spaces are filled with shielded cables, and at least one layer of shielded cables is placed in where the cable has a uniform external surface.

15. The electric cable according to claim 1, wherein the central component comprises an optical fiber.

16. The electric cable according to claim 1, further comprising an outer layer of resistance members arranged adjacent to the inner layer of resistance members., the outer layer comprising at least four (4) strength members, wherein the resistance members comprising the outer layer are oriented at a flat angle opposite the opposing angle of the resistance members comprising the inner layer, and wherein each resistance member forms the outer layer comprising a central filament and at least three (3) filaments helically disposed adjacent the central filament.

17. The electric cable according to claim 16, wherein the resistance members forming the inner layers and the outer layers which comprise nine (9) filaments arranged helically adjacent the central filament.

18. The electric cable according to claim 1, wherein at least one resistance member has high electrical conductance properties. 19.- The electric cable of the orifice that includes: a. a central component; b. an inner layer of resistance members, the layer comprising at least four (4) strength members, wherein the inner layer is disposed adjacent the central component at a flat angle, and wherein each resistance member comprises; i. a central filament, ii. at least three (3) filaments arranged helically adjacent to the central filament, and iii. a polymeric shirt covering the central filament and filaments arranged adjacent to the central filament; and, c. at least one layer of helical shielded cable is positioned adjacent to the outer peripheral surface of at least four (4) of the resistance members. 20. The electric cable of the orifice according to claim 19, wherein the central component comprises an optical fiber covered in a tube or wire arrangement. 21. The electric cable of the hole according to claim 19, further comprising at least four (4) insulated conductors arranged, interstices formed between resistance members and the layer of shielded cables. 22. The electric cable of the orifice according to claim 19, further comprising an outer layer, of resistance members disposed adjacent to the inner layer of resistance members, the outer layer comprising at least four (4) members of resistance, wherein the resistance members comprising the outer layer are oriented towards the flat angle opposite the flat angle of the resistance members comprising the inner layer and wherein each resistance member forming the outer layer comprises a central filament and at least three (3) helical filaments disposed adjacent the central filament. 23.- The electric cable of the orifice that includes: a. a central component; b. at least four (4) resistance members disposed adjacent to the central component, c. a polymeric shirt disposed over the members of resistance and, d. an armored cable layer that is helically placed adjacent to the polymer jacket. 24. The electric cable of the orifice according to claim 23, wherein the central component comprises an optical fiber covered in a tube or wire arrangement. 25. The electric cable of the hole according to claim 23, further comprising at least (4) insulated conductors arranged in interstices formed between the resistance members and the layer of shielded cables. SUMMARY Electrical cables are described from high strength wells, which are formed from a plurality of resistance members. The resistance members are formed of several strand filament wires that may be covered within a jacket of polymeric material. The strength members can be used as a central strength member or they can be layered around an axially centrally placed component or strength member to form a layer of strength members. The cables of the invention can have any practical design, including mono cables, coaxial cables, quad cables, heptacables, single-line cables, multi-line cables, etc., and have improved resistance to corrosion, torque and migration balance. of gas from a well to the surface.