MXPA06003287A - Method for the 3-d prediction of free-surface multiples - Google Patents

Abstract

Method and apparatus for predicting surface multiples, which includes (a) selecting a target subsurface line (SSL) (310);(b) selecting an input SSL (320) within an aperture of the target SSL;(c) selecting a point (X) on a line (340) twice the distance between the input SSL and the target SSL, the point (X) corresponding to a potential downward reflection point of the surface multiples for a trace;(d) generating a potential surface multiple (R) for the trace corresponding to the point;(e) repeating steps (c) through (d) for each point on the line to generate an inline of potential surface multiples corresponding to each point on the line;(f) repeating steps (b) through (e) for each input SSL within the aperture of the target SSL to generate potential surface multiples for the trace corresponding to each input SSL within the aperture;and (g) adding the potential surface multiples to generate a surface multiple for the trace.

Description

METHOD FOR PREDICTION IN THIRD DIMENSION OF MULTIPLES OF FREE SURFACE Field of the Invention The modalities of the present invention generally relate to marine seismic research and, more particularly, to a method for attenuating the effect of surface multiples on a marine seismic signal. Background of the Invention Seismic research is a method to determine the structure of underground formations in the earth. Seismic research generally uses seismic energy sources that generate seismic waves and seismic receivers that detect seismic waves. Seismic waves propagate in the earth's formations, where a portion of the waves is reflected from the interfaces between the underground formations. The amplitude and polarity of the reflecting waves are determined by the differences in the acoustic impedance between the layers of rock that comprise the underground formations. The acoustic impedance of a rock layer is a product of the acoustic propagation of the velocity within the layer and the density of the layer. The seismic receivers detect the reflected seismic waves and convert them into reflected waves in the representative electrical signals. The signals are generally transmitted by electrical, optical, radio or other means to devices that respond to the signals. Through the analysis of the recorded signals (or traces), the shape, position and composition of the underground formations can be determined. Marine seismic research is a method to determine the structure of underlying underground formations in water bodies. Marine seismic research generally uses seismic energy sources and seismic receivers located in the water, which are towed, either behind a boat or placed at the bottom of the water from a boat. The energy source is usually an explosive device or compressed air system that generates the seismic energy, which then propagates as a seismic wave through the body of water and into the formations of the earth below the bottom of the water. As the seismic waves hit the interfaces between the underground formations, a portion of the seismic waves is reflected back through the earth and water to the seismic receivers, to be detected, transmitted, and recorded. The seismic receivers generally used in marine seismic research are pressure sensors, which are hydrophones. Additionally, although motion sensors can be used, such as geophones and accelerometers. Both the sources and the receivers can be repositioned strategically to cover the area of the investigation. However, the seismic waves are reflected from interfaces that are not those that are just between the underground formations, as would be desired. Seismic waves are also reflected from the bottom of the water and the surface of the water and the resulting reflected waves themselves continue to reflect. The waves that reflect multiple times are called "multiples". The waves that reflect the multiple times in the water layer between the surface of the water above and below the bottom of the water are called "multiples of the bottom of the water". The multiples of the water bottom have long been recognized as a problem in marine seismic processing and interpretation, so methods of attenuation of the multiples based on the wave equation to manage the multiples of the water bottom have been developed. . However, a larger set of multiples that contain multiples of the water bottom can be defined as a subset. The larger set includes multiples with upward reflections from the interfaces between the underground formations as well as reflections upwards from the bottom of the water. The multiples of the larger set have in common their reflections downward on the surface of the water and therefore, are called "surface multiples". Figure 1, which will be described later, provides examples of the different types of reflections. Figure 1 shows a diagramatic view of a marine seismic investigation. The method is generally designated 100. The underground formations to be explored, such as 102 and 104, lie beneath a body of water 106. Seismic energy sources 108 and seismic receivers 110 are placed in the body. of water 106, generally by one or more seismic boats (not shown). A seismic source 108, such as an air pistol, creates seismic waves in the water body 106 and a portion of the seismic waves travel down through the water to the underground formations 102 and 104 behind the water body 106. When the seismic waves reach a seismic reflector, a portion of the seismic waves is reflected upwards and a portion of seismic waves continues downwards. The seismic reflector may be the bottom of the water 112 or one of the interfaces between the underground formation, such as the interface 114 between the formations 102 and 104. When the reflected waves traveling upwards reach the water / air interface on the surface of the 116 water, a portion of most waves is reflected down again. Continuing in this way, the seismic waves may reflect multiple times between rising reflectors, such as the bottom of the water 112 or the forming interfaces that lie beneath and the downward reflectors on the surface of the water 116 upward, as described more complete later. Each time the reflected waves propagate beyond the position of a seismic receiver 110, the receiver 110 perceives the reflected waves and generates representative signals. The primary reflections are those seismic waves that have been reflected only once, from the bottom of the water 112 or an interface between the underground formations, before being detected by a seismic receiver 110. An example of a primary reflection is shown in the figure 1, by the trajectories of rays 120 and 122. The primary reflections contain the desired information about the underground formations which are the goal of marine seismic research. Surface multiples are those waves that have reflected multiple times between the surface of the water 116 and any rising reflectors, such as the bottom of the water 112 or the forming interfaces, before being perceived by a receiver 110. An example of a multiple of surface which is specifically a multiple of the bottom of the water is shown by the trajectories of the rays 130, 132, 134 and 136. The point on the surface of the water 116 in which the wave is reflected downward a second time, is at which we generally refer to as a point of downward reflection. The multiple of the surface that starts in the beam path 130 is a multiple of the order one, since the multiple contains a reflection from the surface of the water 116. Two examples of the general surface multiples with rising reflections from both the bottom of the water 112 and the formation of the interfaces are shown by the trajectories of the rays 140, 142, 144, 146, 148 and 150 and by the trajectories of rays 160, 162, 164, 166, 168 and 170. Both of the latter two examples of the surface multiples are multiples of the order two, since the multiples contain two reflections from the water surface 116. In general, a multiple of the surface is of the order i if it contains i reflections from the surface of the water 116. Surface multiples are strange noises that obscure the desired primary reflection signal. The attenuation of the surface multiples is an inversion before stacking of the registered wave field that eliminates all the orders of all the surface multiples present within the marine seismic signal. Unlike some multiplex attenuation algorithms, based on the wave equation, the attenuation of the surface multiples does not require the design of any, or assumptions with respect to the positions, shapes and reflection coefficients of the reflectors that cause the multiple. Instead, the attenuation of the multiple of the surface depends on the internal physical consistency between the primary events and the multiples that must exist in any set of correctly recorded marine data. The information necessary for the process of attenuation of surface multiples is already contained within the seismic data. Various methods of the prior art have been attempted to eliminate the surface multiples of the recorded traces. For example, it has been observed that in a travel time of a multiple of the surface, the trajectory of which is completely in the water during the oceanographic expedition, is a function of the "compensation", the distance between the source and the receiver and the number of times the multiple is reflected from the surface. For example, if the multiple is reflected from the surface once before being received by the microphone and the compensation is zero, the travel time of the multiple is exactly twice that of the main waves. This fact has been used in several schemes for the elimination of multiples. Other methods comprise complex patterns of ray traces, which generate a synthetic multiple wave and subtract it from the real wave to obtain a supposedly free multiple recorded. However, these methods are very difficult because they require an important knowledge of the underground structure, as well as the configuration of the ocean floor before the synthetic waves can be generated. Similar synthetic multiples can be generated using more accurate methods that do not directly comprise the ray tracing, for example, field propagation techniques, but again these require a detailed knowledge of at least the ocean floor, as well as the shape of the underground interfaces, and therefore, are not as practical as would be desirable. Therefore, there is a need in the art for an improved method for eliminating the recording of mirror events on the surface of multiples of seismic recordings for data processing purposes. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The embodiments of the present invention generally relate to a method for predicting a plurality of surface multiples for a plurality of traces in a seismic data record. The method includes (a) selecting a line from the target subsurface; (b) selecting a line of the subsurface of entry within an opening of the line of the target subsurface; (c) select a point on the line that is twice the distance between the input subsurface line and the target subsurface line, where the point corresponds to a potential downward reflection point of the surface multiples for a trace in register; (d) generating a multiple of potential surface for the trace corresponding to that point; (e) repeating steps from (c) to (d) for each point on the line to generate potential surface multiples in line for the line corresponding to each point of the line; (f) repeating steps from (b) to (e) for each entry subsurface line within the aperture of the target sub-surface line to generate a plurality of potential surface multiples for the line corresponding to each sub-surface line of entrance inside the opening; and (g) adding the plurality of potential surface multiples corresponding to each inlet subsurface line within the opening to generate a multiple of surface area for the trace. In one embodiment, the method includes (a) selecting an objective subsurface line; (b) selecting an entry subsurface line within an aperture of the target subsurface line; (c) applying a differential movement correction to the input subsurface line; (d) perform a two-dimensional forecast of the multiple of surface in the subsurface input line to generate a sum of a plurality of potential surface multiples in an on-line contribution of each collection of multiples corresponding to the target subsurface line, in where the inner line corresponds to the subsurface input line; (e) repeating steps from (c) to (d) for each entry subsurface line within the opening to generate a plurality of sums of potential surface multiples in each online collection of each corresponding online multiples contribution to the objective subsurface line; (f) classifying the plurality of sums of potential surface multiples, such that each sum of potential surface multiples corresponds to a trace in the adjacent register between them; and (g) adding the adjacent potential surface multiples corresponding to the trace to generate a multiple of surface area for the trace. Brief Description of the Drawings The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings, which will be briefly described. Figure 1 illustrates a diagramatic view of a marine seismic survey. Figure 2 illustrates a method for forecasting the surface multiples of a seismic data recording according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 illustrates a specific trace in the target SSL for which the surface multiples are to be predicted according to a modality of the present invention. Figure 4 illustrates a method for predicting surface multiples of a seismic data recording according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5 illustrates a computational network in which the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented.

Although the present invention is described by way of example for various illustrative embodiments and drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments or drawings described. It should be understood that the drawings and the detailed description thereof are not intended to limit the invention to a particular form described, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all the modifications, eq uivalents and alternatives found therein. of the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims. The headings used are for organizational purposes only and do not mean that they will be used to imitate the scope of the description or the claims. As used in all this solitude, the word "can" is used in the permissive sense (ie, meaning that it has the potential for), rather than in the operative sense (ie, meaning that it is must). In a similar way, the words "includes", "includes", and "includes" means that it includes, but is not limited to. Detailed description of the invention Figure 2 illustrates a method 200 for predicting surface multiples of a seismic data record according to an embodiment of the present invention. In step 210, the recording of seismic data is previously conditioned. That is, the seismic data record is separated into subsurface lines (SSLs) and each SSL is regularized according to conventional regularization methods known to those skilled in the art. Once they are regularized, the compensation of the transverse line between each source and receiver is zero, and the online compensation between each source and the receiver is regular. Once the recording of the seismic data has been regularized to the subsurface lines, the regularized data are extrapolated according to conventional extrapolation methods known to those skilled in the art. Once they have been extrapolated, the opening between each source and the receiver closest to the source in each SSL is filled with extrapolated receivers. As a result, each SSL has traces with zero cross line compensation and regularly increasing online offsets that start from scratch. In step 215, an objective SSL 310 is selected. The objective SSL 310 is defined as the locations of the traces for which the surface multiples are to be predicted. In one modality, the objective SSL 310 is one of the SSLs that have been previously conditioned. For purposes of illustration of the embodiments of the present invention, a specific trace in the target SSL for which the surface multiples are to be predicted has a source in S and a receiver in R, and is illustrated as the trace (S , R) in Figure 3. In step 220, the trace (S, R) is selected from the target SSL 310. In step 225, another SSL 320 is selected (referred to hereinafter as " Entry SSL ") within a specified cross-line opening 330 of the target SSL 310. The aperture 330 is generally specified by a maximum distance from the target SSL 310, which is generally placed in the middle part of the aperture 330. The aperture 330 generally consists of many potential input SSLs, one of which is the target SSL 310. As such, any entry SSL within the aperture 330 may be selected in step 225, since each SSL will eventually be processed. entrance or aperture 330. The size of aperture 330 can be specified in step 215. The term "aperture" is used in the present disclosure in relation to the location of the entry SSL 320 and the location of the reflecting points. potential downstream in relation to the SSL target 310. However, it should be noted that the distance of the crossed line from the target SSL 310 to the potential down-reflection points is always twice the distance to the input SSL 320, and hence the crossed line extending the opening 330 defined in terms of potential downward mirroring points is always twice as much as defined in terms of the SSL entry 320. The SSL objective 310 and the SSL entry 320 are separated by a distance y. In one embodiment, the distance and between the target SSL 310 and the input SSL 320 may be calculated and may vary along the input SSL 320 if it is not parallel to the target SSL 310. In step 230, a point X in a location for line X 340 it is selected. Point X corresponds to a potential downward reflection point for the surface multiples of the trace (S, R). Locations for line X 340 are defined as a distance of 2 and the target SSL 310. In step 235, a stroke of the input SSL 320 corresponding to the trace (S, X) is identified or extracted (a potential trace). ); for purposes of illustration of the embodiments of the present invention, that trace which we refer to as a trace (S ', R'). The trace (S ', R') corresponding to the trace (S, X) because S 'and S have the same location on line, R' and X have the same location on line and the line (S \ R ' ) has the same line compensation as the trace (S, X) but zero cross line compensation. In addition, the midpoints of the strokes (S, X) and (S \ R ') are in the same location M. In another mode, the stroke is extracted in the input SSL 320 which has the real compensation closest to the offset of the stroke (S, X) and the same midpoint as the stroke (S, X). In step 240, a differential movement correction is applied to the trace (S ', R') to simulate the trace (S, X). The differential movement correction compensates for the difference in the compensation between the two strokes, where the compensation of a stroke is defined as being the horizontal distance from the source to the receiver. Here the differential motion correction is used, since the strokes (S, X) and (S \ R ') have the same midpoint location M. Applying the differential motion correction, the source at the location S' in the Input SSL 320 is transferred to location S in target SSL 310 and the receiver in location R 'in input SSL 320 is transferred to location X in the location of line X 340. In one embodiment, the correction of differential movement is a normal differential movement (NMO). Other differential motion correction algorithms are also contemplated by the embodiments of the present invention. In another embodiment, a velocity model, i.e., a stacking speed model, is used in relation to differential motion correction. The stacking speed model can include line stacking speeds or cross line stacking speeds.

Once the trace (S, X) has been simulated, steps 235 to 240 are repeated to simulate a trace that has a source located in X and a receiver located in R (which we refer to hereinafter as the trace). (X, R)) (in step 245). The trace (X, R) is simulated by extracting a line corresponding to the trace (X, R) of the input SSL 320 and applying the differential movement correction to that trace. Once the trace (S, X) and stroke (X, R) have been simulated, the two traces are clrcunvolved to create a trace of potential surface multiple for the trace (S, R) corresponding to the falling reflection point X (step 250). This trace is a trace of the multiple contribution collection (MCG) for the trace (S, R). The GCM is generally defined as the set of potential surface multiples for the trace (S, R) corresponding to all the potential downward reflection points in the aperture. The trace (S, X) and the trace (X, R) can be convoluted by any conventional methods generally known to those skilled in the art. In step 255, a determination is made with respect to another point (for example, X2) corresponding to the potential downward reflection point that exists in the location for line X 340. If the answer is affirmative, the processing rns to step 235 where a trace corresponding to a trace (S, X2) is identified in the input SSL 320. Steps from 235 to 250 are repeated until all the potential downward reflection points in the localization for processing have been processed. Line X 340. At the end of step 255, an inline multiple of the potential surface multiples is created in the MCG for the trace (S, R) corresponding to all the potential down-dip points in the location for line X. If the answer to the question in step 255 is negative, then the process continues to step 260. In step 260, a determination is made with respect to another input SSL (for example, , the entry SSL 350) that ex If the answer is affirmative, then the processing rns to step 230 where a point X is selected at other locations for line X (for example, locations for line X 360). The entry SSL 350 is separated from the objective SSL 31 0 by another distance, for example, y2, and the localizations for line X 360 are separated from the SS L objective 31 0 by a distance of 2y2. At the end of step 255 for the entry SSL 350, other multiples in line of the potential surface multiples for the trace (S, R) are created in the MCG. The steps from 230 to 255 are repeated until all input SSLs within opening 330 have been processed. At the end of step 260, the MCG is filled with the online multiples of the potential surface multiples for the trace (S, R) corresponding to all potential downward reflection points within the aperture 330. If the answer to the question of step 260 is negative, then the processing proceeds to step 265. In step 265, the traces of each multiple of the MCG line (stacked) are added to generate a series of inline traces. In this way, the MCG has been partially added. In step 270, the in-line traces are aggregated (stacked) to generate a plot of the actual surface multiples for the trace (S, R). In this way, the surface multiples for the trace (S, R) have been predicted three-dimensionally. The prediction of the surface multiple described here is three-dimensional, because the opening 330 for the MCG expands in a surface location area, as opposed to being restricted to a single SSL corresponding to the target SSL, as in the two-dimensional prediction of multiples of surface. In one embodiment, the traces of each crossed line of the MCG are stacked to generate a series of crossed traces of crossed lines and the series of traces added of crossed lines are then stacked to generate the trace of the real surface multiples for the trace ( S, R). In step 280, a determination is made with respect to another trace (for example, the trace (S2, R2)) if it exists in the target SSL 310. If the answer is affirmative, then the processing respects step 225, in where an incoming SSL is selected within the 330 slot of the target SSL 31 0. Steps 230 to 280 are repeated until the actual surface areas are predicted for each stroke in the target SSL 310. If the answer is negative, then the processing continues with step 290. In step 290, a determination is made with respect to another objective SSL that exists in the previously conditioned record of the seismic data. If the answer is affirmative, then the processing respects step 220, where a stroke of the target SSL signal is selected. Steps 225 to 290 are repeated until the surface multiples of each trace in the recording of the seismic data are predicted. In this way, the multiples of its surface are predicted in a three-dimensional manner for each trace in the seismic data recording. Fig. 4 illustrates a method 400 for predicting surface multiples of a seismic data recording according to another embodiment of the present invention. In step 41 0, the seismic data recording is previously determined according to the reglarization and extrapolation methods, as described above. The next two steps of method 400 are the same as steps 21 5 and 225. It is decided, in step 420, an objective SSL 310 is selected. Target SSL 310 is defined as the location of the strokes for which they are going to be predicted the surface multiples. In one modality, the objective SSL 310 is one of the SSLs that have been previously conditioned. In step 430, the entry SSL 320 is selected within the aperture 330 of the target SSL 310. In step 440, a differential movement correction is applied to each stroke of the entry SSL 320, changing in this way, the cross-line compensation of each stroke at a distance of 2y, where y is the distance between the entry SSL 320 and the target SSL 310, and leaving the online compensation and the midpoint M unchanged. Motion correction differential can be applied before selecting the trace (S, R) of the target SSL 310 because the correction of the trace (S \ R ') to the trace (S, X) depends only on the location of the source S', the location of the receiver R 'and the distance between the SSL of entry 320 and the SSL objective 310, which is y. In one embodiment, the differential movement correction is a normal differential movement (NMO). Other differential motion correction algorithms are also contemplated by the modalities of the present invention. In another embodiment, a velocity model, for example, a stacking speed model, is used in relation to differential motion correction. The stacking speed model can include in-line stacking speeds or cross-line stacking speeds. In step 450, a multiple of bidi surface area (2-D) that is performed on the input SSL 320 is predicted to generate a su ma of all potential surface m iples in a last on line (corresponding to the SSL of entry 320) in each MCG corresponding to the objective SSL 31 0. In this way, that each MCG corresponding to the target SSL 31 0 has been calculated and partially added to the online address corresponding to the SSL input 320. Step 450 is configured to perform all the operations of steps 220, 230, 235, 250, 255, 265 and 280. The prediction of bidimensional surface multiples can be performed using the existing codes and algorithms generally known per se. the technical experts, with only minor modifications, if there are any. In this way, a portion of the prediction of three-dimensional surface multiples can be calculated using the prediction algorithms of existing two-dimensional surface multiples applied to the data of a single SSL, thus making the process very efficient. The prediction algorithms of two-dimensional surface multiples generally include a correction of the geometric diffusion compensation to condition the data for a prediction of two-dimensional surface multiples, and an appropriate rho-filter for a two-dimensional sum in the MCGs. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention, the geometric diffusion correction is not to be applied and the rho-filter is replaced by one configured for the prediction of three-dimensional surface multiples. In step 460, a determination is made with respect to another input SSL (e.g., entry SSL 350) that exists within opening 300. If the answer is affirmative, then the processing returns to step 440, where the differential movement correction is applied to each stroke of the entry SSL 350. At the end of step 450 for the entry SSL 350, the online sums of all the potential surface multiples in other online multiples (corresponding to the SSL input 350) in each MCG corresponding to the target SSL 310 will have to be calculated. The steps 440 through 450 are repeated until all input SSLs within the opening 330 have been processed. Thus, at the end of step 460, a series of sums of all potential surface multiples has been generated in each online multiple in each MCG corresponding to the target SSL 310. That is, for the trace in the objective SSL 310, the online sums in the MCG for that trace have been calculated for each multiple inline within the opening 330 If the answer to the question in step 460 is negative, then the processing proceeds to step 470. In step 470, the traces of surface multiples are partially matched of all the input SSLs are combined and sorted by stroke order, so that all the partially added strokes (that is, all the sums in line) corresponding to a certain stroke (S, R) in the target SSL 31 0 are adjacent to each other. The set of strokes summed up partially for a given trace (S, R) in the target SSL 31 0 constitutes a "cross-line MCG", which is not the same as the cross-line of the CGM, since the MCG Cross line consists of strokes after the sum of the line address. In step 480, the traces of each cross-line MCG are added together to generate the actual surface multiples for each stroke in the target SSL 31 0. In one modality, if the seismic data recording is irregular in the cross line direction (for example, and varies along the line because the input and target SSLs are not parallel), then cross line MCG traces will not be separated either. In this case, it may be necessary to regulate the cross-line MCG before it can be added. In another embodiment, if the line spacing between the input SSLs is too large, then the MCGs can be associated according to the conventional association criteria known to those skilled in the art. In this case, the input SSLs can be interpolated so that they have a finer stroke spacing before stacking them. Alternatively, the recording of the seismic data can be interpolated to simulate SSLs between the SSLs that were actually registered. In step 490, a determination is made as to whether there is another objective SSL in the recording of previously conditioned seismic data. If the answer is affirmative, then the processing respects step 430, where an incoming SSL is selected within the opening of the next target SSL. Steps from 430 to 490 are repeated until the surface areas of each trace in the recording of the seismic data are predicted. In this way, the surface multiples of each trace in the seismic data collection are predicted in a three-dimensional way. The embodiments of the present invention described with reference to the method 400 have many advantages, including the ability to calculate each multiple inline in the MCG by processing the data of each input SSL independently and the ability to use it. the algorithms of prediction of two-dimensional surface multiples with only minor modifications. The use of differential motion correction to simulate the traces required for prediction also makes algorithms and efficient algorithms very simple compared to those that use migration-based methods or based on interpolation. In addition, because the differential movement correction is applied to the data before stacking, the difference between the regularized compensation in the incoming SSL and the desired compensation is reduced compared to the use of stacked data, as proposed in other methods, thereby reducing the programming errors associated with the approaches in differential motion correction procedures. The amplitudes are also remarkably improved in a similar way, because the stacked data have amplitudes of multiples not predicted. Figure 5 illustrates a computational network 500, in which the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented. The computer network 500 includes a 530 system computer, which can be implemented as any conventional personal computer or workstation, such as a UNIX-based workstation. The computer system 530 is in communication with the disk storage devices 529, 531, and 533, which may be external hard disk storage devices. It is contemplated that the disk storage devices 529, 531 and 533 are conventional hard disk drives, and as such, will be implemented by means of a local area network, or by remote access. Of course, although disk storage devices 529, 531 and 533 are illustrated as separate devices, a single disk storage device can be used to store any and all program instructions, measurement data and results that are desired. . In one embodiment, the seismic data of the geophones are stored in the storage device of d iscus 531. The computer of the system 530 can retrieve the appropriate data from the disk storage devices 531 to perform the three-dimensional prediction of surface multiples according to the instructions of the program corresponding to the methods described herein. The instructions of the program can be written in a computer programming language, such as C ++, Java and the like. The program instructions may be stored in a computer readable memory, such as the disk storage device of program 533. Of course, the memory medium storing the instructions of the program may be of any conventional type used for storage of computer programs, disk storage devices, floppy disks, CD-ROMs and other optical media, magnetic tapes and the like. According to the preferred modality of the present invention, the computer system 530 presents the output mainly on graphics displays 527, or alternatively by means of the Printer 528. The computer of the system 530 can store the results of the methods described above. in disk storage 529, for later use and additional analysis. The keyboard 526 and the pointing devices (eg, a mouse, trackball or the like) 525 may be provided with the computer of the 530 system to enable interactive operation. The 530 system computer can be located in a remote data center to the research region. The 530 system computer is in communication with the geophones (either directly or by means of a recording unit)., not shown), to receive signals indicating the reflected seismic energy. These signals, after conventional formatting and other electronic processing, are stored by the system computer 530 in the form of digital data in the disk storage 531 for retrieval and subsequent processing in the manner described above. Although Figure 5 illustrates the disk storage 531 as being directly connected to the computer of the system 530, it is also contemplated that the disk storage device 531 may be accessible through a local area network or by a remote access. In addition, although the disk storage devices 529, 531 are illustrated as separate devices for storing the incoming seismic data and the results of the analyzes, the disk storage devices 529, 531 can be implemented with a single disk unit (already either together with or separated from the disk storage devices of program 533) or in any conventional manner as will be fully understood by one skilled in the art with reference to the present disclosure. Although the foregoing relates to the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments of the invention may be contemplated without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the following claims.

Claims (23)

1. CLAIMS 1. A method for predicting a plurality of surface multiples for a plurality of traces in a seismic data recording, which comprises: (a) selecting an objective subsurface line; (b) selecting an entry subsurface line within an aperture of the target subsurface line; (c) select a point on the line that is twice the distance between the input subsurface line and the target subsurface line, where the point corresponds to a potential downward reflection point of the surface multiples for a stroke in the recording; (d) generating a multiple of potential surface for the line corresponding to the point; (e) repeating the steps from (c) to (d) for each point on the line to generate inline multiples of the potential surface multiples for the line corresponding to each point on the line; (f) repeating steps from (b) to (e) for each entry subsurface line within the aperture of the target subsurface line to generate a plurality of potential surface multiples for the line corresponding to each subsurface line of entrance inside the opening; and (g) adding the plurality of potential surface multiples corresponding to each inlet subsurface line within the opening to generate a multiple of surface area for the trace. The method as described in claim 1, which further comprises: preconditioning the recording in a plurality of subsurface lines; and repeating steps from (a) to (g) for each subsurface line previously conditioned to generate the surface multiples for the strokes in the recording, wherein each previously conditioned sub-surface line is the target subsurface line. 3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that the generation of the potential surface multiples for the trace corresponding to the points comprises: simulating a first potential trace that has a source located in the same location as a source for the trace and receiver located at the point; and simulate a second potential trace that has a source located at the point and a receiver located in the same location as the receiver for the trace. 4. The method as described in claim 3, which further comprises clrcunvolucionar a first potential line and a second potential line to generate a multiple of potential surface for the line corresponding to the point. 5. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that the simulation of the first potential trace comprises: extracting a first trace of the mutation of the input subsurface line, wherein the first simulation trace corresponds to the first potential trace; and apply a differential movement correction to the first simulation trace. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that the differential movement correction is a normal differential movement correction. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that the simulation of the potential trace segment comprises: extracting a second simulation trace from the input subsurface line, wherein the second simulation trace corresponds to the second potential trace; and apply a motion correction differential to the second simulation trace. 8. The method as described in claim 7, characterized in that the differential movement correction is a normal differential movement correction. The method as described in claim 1, which further comprises, before selecting the objective subsurface line: separating the recording of seismic data into a plurality of subsurface lines; regularize subsurface lines; and extrapolate the subsurface lines. The method as described in claim 9, characterized in that the selection of the objective subsurface line comprises selecting an objective subsurface line of regularized and extrapolated subsurface lines. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that the multiple of potential surface constitutes a trace of a multiple contribution collection for the trace. 12. A method for predicting a plurality of surface multiples for a plurality of traces in a seismic data recording, which comprises: (a) selecting an objective subsurface line; (b) selecting an entry subsurface line within an aperture of the target subsurface line; (c) apply differential motion correction in the input subsurface line; (d) making a two-dimensional surface multiple prediction in the input subsurface line to generate a sum of a plurality of potential surface multiples in an in-line multiple in each multiply contribution collection corresponding to the objective subsurface line , where the inline multiple corresponds to the input subsurface line; (e) repeating steps from (c) to (d) for each input sub-surface line within the aperture to generate a plurality of multiples of potential surface area in each in-line multiple in each collection of corresponding multiples contribution. to the objective subsuperflcie line; (f) classifying the plurality of sums of potential surface multiples so that each sum of potential surface multiples corresponding to a stroke in the recording are adjacent to each other; and (g) adding the adjacent potential surface multiples corresponding to the trace to generate a multiple of surface to stroke. The method as described in claim 12, which further comprises: preconditioning the recording in a plurality of subsurface lines; and repeating steps (a) through (g) for each subsurface line previously conditioned to generate the surface multiples for the recording traces. The method as described in claim 12, characterized in that the differential movement correction is a normal differential movement correction. The method as described in claim 12, which further comprises, before selecting the objective subsurface line: separating the recording of seismic data into a plurality of subsurface lines; regularize the subsurface lines; and extrapolate the subsurface lines. The method as described in claim 15, characterized in that the selection of the target subsurface line comprises selecting the objective sub-surface line of the regularized and extrapolated subsurface lines. 17. A computer-readable medium containing a program which, when executed, performs an operation comprising: (a) selecting an objective subsurface line; (b) selecting an entry subsurface line within an opening in the target subsurface line; (c) select a point on the line that is twice the distance between the subsurface input line and the target subsurface line, where the point corresponds to a potential downward reflection point of the surface multiples for a trace in the recording; (d) generating a multiple of potential surface for the line corresponding to the point; (e) repeating steps from (c) to (d) for each point on the line to generate inline multiples of the potential surface multiples for the line corresponding to each point on the line; (f) repeating steps from (b) to (e) for each entry subsurface line within the aperture of the target subsurface line to generate a plurality of potential surface multiples for the line corresponding to each subsurface line of entrance inside the opening; and (g) adding the plurality of potential surface multiples corresponding to each inlet subsurface line within the opening to generate a multiple of surface area for the trace. 18. The computer readable medium as described in claim 17, characterized in that the program also contains the operation comprising: preconditioning the recording in a plurality of subsurface lines; and repeating steps (a) through (g) for each subsurface line previously conditioned to generate the surface multiples for the recording traces. 19. The computer readable medium as described in claim 17, characterized in that the generation of potential surface multiples for the trace corresponding to the point comprises: simulating a first potential trace having a source located in the same location as a source for the trace and a receiver located at the point; and simulate a second potential trace that has a source located at the point and a receiver located at the same location as the receiver for the trace. 20. The computer readable medium as described in claim 19, characterized in that the program also contains the operation comprising circumvolucionar the first potential trace and the second potential trace to generate a multiple of potential surface for the line corresponding to that point. 21. The computer readable medium as described in claim 19, characterized in that the simulation of the first potential trace comprises: extracting a first simulation trace from an input subsurface line, wherein the first simulation trace corresponds to the first potential trace; and apply a correction of differential motion to the first simulation trace. 22. The method as described in claim 21, wherein the differential movement correction is a normal differential motion correction. 23. A computer-readable medium containing the program which, when executed, performs an operation that comprises: (a) selecting an objective subsurface line; (b) selecting an entry subsurface line within an opening in the line of its target surface; (c) apply a differential movement correction to the line of its input surface; (d) making a prediction of a multiple of the two-dimensional surface in the input subsurface line to generate a sum of a plurality of multiples of its potential surface in a last in line of each collection of multiples contribution corresponding to the objective subsurface line, where the inline multiple corresponds to the subsurface input line; (e) repeating steps from (c) to (d) for each entry subsurface line within the opening to generate a plurality of potential surface area sums in each multiple of the collection line. of contribution of m ultiples that corresponds to the objective subsurface line; (f) classifying the plurality of sums of potential surface multiples so that each sum of m potential surface multiples corresponding to one stroke of the recording are adjacent to each other; and (g) adding the adjacent potential surface multiples corresponding to the tracings to generate a multiple of surface for the trace.