MXPA06002284A - Silver dihydrogen citrate compositions comprising a second antimicrobial agent - Google Patents
Silver dihydrogen citrate compositions comprising a second antimicrobial agentInfo
- Publication number
- MXPA06002284A MXPA06002284A MXPA/A/2006/002284A MXPA06002284A MXPA06002284A MX PA06002284 A MXPA06002284 A MX PA06002284A MX PA06002284 A MXPA06002284 A MX PA06002284A MX PA06002284 A MXPA06002284 A MX PA06002284A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- antimicrobial
- dihydrogen citrate
- silver dihydrogen
- composition
- compositions
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- QZRSVBDWRWTHMT-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;3-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxy-5-oxopentanoate Chemical compound [Ag+].OC(=O)CC(O)(C([O-])=O)CC(O)=O QZRSVBDWRWTHMT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
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- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 121
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- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Tetraethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M Tetraethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Tetraethylammonium iodide Chemical compound [I-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M Tetramethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QBVXKDJEZKEASM-UHFFFAOYSA-M Tetraoctylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC QBVXKDJEZKEASM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940098465 Tincture Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241001045770 Trichophyton mentagrophytes Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000002845 Virion Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005042 Zier Kohl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FNBULQHGNNELGY-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Ag+3].C(CC(O)(C(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-] Chemical class [Ag+3].C(CC(O)(C(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-] FNBULQHGNNELGY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021015 bananas Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- VJGNLOIQCWLBJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(tributyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VJGNLOIQCWLBJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UUZYBYIOAZTMGC-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(trimethyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UUZYBYIOAZTMGC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KXHPPCXNWTUNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KXHPPCXNWTUNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DVCIMKPWVCDJRH-UHFFFAOYSA-K benzyl(trimethyl)azanium;dichloride;iodide Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[I-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1.C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1.C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 DVCIMKPWVCDJRH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003115 biocidal Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006038 hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monochloramine Chemical class ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002997 ophthalmic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000286 phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L phosphate Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005373 porous glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015136 pumpkin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising Effects 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBLZDCFTQSIIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC KBLZDCFTQSIIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZXUCBXRTRRIBSO-UHFFFAOYSA-L tetrabutylazanium;sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC ZXUCBXRTRRIBSO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)C DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RXMRGBVLCSYIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)C RXMRGBVLCSYIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- IPILPUZVTYHGIL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(methyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](C)(CCCC)CCCC IPILPUZVTYHGIL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MQAYPFVXSPHGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(phenyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 MQAYPFVXSPHGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Composition comprising silver dihydrogen citrate in combination with a second antimicrobial compound are provided. The second antimicrobial compound may be quaternary ammonia, an oxidizer or a halogen species, such as chlorine, bromine or iodine. Methods of using the antimicrobial composition provide superior antimicrobial effects.
Description
COMPOSITIONS OF SILVER DIHYDROGEN CITRATE COMPRISING A SECOND ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to antimicrobial compositions and their methods of use. In particular, the invention relates to silver dihydrogen citrate compositions comprising quaternary amines, an oxidizing agent or a halogen compound, and methods for using the compositions to confer an antimicrobial effect on various substrates. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A large number of antimicrobial compounds is known. Compounds that kill or prevent the dispersion of microbes have been used for a variety of purposes and in numerous products to prolong the shelf life of the product, and to confer antimicrobial benefits to end users, their possessions and their environments. Some antimicrobial compounds that may be mentioned include quaternary ammonium compounds, oxidizing agents and halogen compounds. Quaternary ammonium compounds are cationic surfactants that have been shown to have antibacterial properties. In addition to antibacterial properties, some quaternary ammonium compounds also possess deodorant, moisturizing activities.
detergents, keratolytics and emulsifiers. Banzalkonium chlorides are mixtures of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides, and are widely used as antiseptics in clinical facilities. Benzalkonium chlorides are also used as preservatives, for example in ophthalmic solutions, due to their activity against various bacteria, including Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria, as well as some viruses and fungi. However, benzalkonium chlorides are not effective against some Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas. While such compounds are beneficial at relatively low concentrations, at higher concentrations they can be irritating or even toxic. Also, quaternary compounds tend to dissipate in the environment rapidly and, thus, do not tend to provide prolonged antimicrobial effects when applied to solid surfaces and other substrates. Oxidizing agents, such as hydrogen peroxide, have been used as disinfectants. Hydrogen peroxide is known as a disinfectant to disinfect skin and wounds and to disinfect water supplies. Potassium permanganate (KMn04) is an oxidizing agent that has been used as a bactericide, fungicide and algicide in cooling towers, evaporating condensers, air washing systems.
sources of cooling, and in drinking water for humans. Potassium permanganate has also been used to control external infections of fish in aquariums and ornamental ponds. Monopersulfates, such as potassium monopersulfate, are used as disinfectants and as shock agents for occasional disinfection in swimming pools and spas. In use as shock agents, monopersulfates oxidize and break chloramines, thereby increasing the effective concentration of free chlorine or in chlorinated water. Other oxidizing agents which may be mentioned are benzoyl peroxide and sodium perborate, which have also been used as antimicrobial compounds. While oxidizing agents are very effective disinfectants, they tend to degrade rapidly in the environment, and thus are not suitable. to provide the antimicrobial effects for a prolonged period of time. Halogen compounds have also been used as disinfectants. Although they can be considered as oxidants, the halogen compounds can be put into separate categories herein, in view of their special characteristics. The most commonly used antimicrobial halogen compounds are chlorine and iodine. Bromine is also used in some situations, such as when a person who may have come in contact with the antimicrobial is known to be sensitive to chlorine. Iodine is one of the oldest known disinfectants, and it is used for wound treatment, skin disinfection and water sanitization. Iodine can be used as a tincture of iodine or as an iodophore. Iodine tincture, USP, is a 2% solution of free iodine with 2.4% sodium iodide in 50% ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol. The dyes can be applied directly to the skin for disinfection and wound treatment, or can be diluted in water for disinfection. An iodophor is a composition that includes iodine, detergents, wetting agents, solubilizers, and other carriers. Iodophors frequently contain as much as 305 iodine by weight, of which about 70-80% can be released as available iodine during dilution. These compounds are safe with low toxicity and almost no odor. While they are not as irritating as dyes, when used in skin iodophores they can act as desiccants and can result in dermatitis. Chlorine can be prepared in situ by electrolysis of an electrolyte solution containing chloride ions. Chlorine made in this way is short-lived, but it is a highly effective water disinfectant, for example in swimming pools, spas and drinking water systems. Chlorine can also be prepared as a liquid bleach, that is, as sodium hypochlorite. Chlorine can also be prepared as a solid hypochlorite, which is often formed into cakes or tablets that can be placed directly in water containers to produce the desired disinfectant effect. Bromine is less widely used as a skin disinfectant and wound treatment than iodine. Bromine has also been used as a sanitizing agent in cooling towers, swimming pools and spas. When dissolved in water, liquid bromine forms hypobromous acid disinfectant. The bromine disinfectant is often sold to the public as a liquid concentrated in water. All halogens are potentially irritating, especially to the eyes, mucous membranes and open wounds. Additionally, halogens are also potentially toxic when ingested. In this way, it is generally desirable to use the halogens for disinfection at their lowest effective concentration. Antimicrobial metal ion solutions are commonly used as disinfectants. Silver solutions have been used as disinfectants in cooling towers, swimming pools, hot water systems in hospitals, drinking water systems and spa ponds. Additionally, silver ion solutions have been prepared for the treatment of wounds, however, the silver ions used in the proposed methods are unstable and must be generated close to the wound in order to deliver a therapeutic dose to the wound site. . Silver salts, such as silver citrate salts, have also been proposed as antimicrobial dusting agents. However, these dusting agents must be kept dry and are generally not convenient for imparting conservative value to consumer products or for delivering antimicrobial effects to an end user or the end user environment. Colloidal silver has found a variety of uses, including: as a wood preservative; as a food disinfectant and beverage containers and industrial processing equipment; as a bactericide in paints, as a biocide without synthetic polymer films; and as a sterilization agent in bandages. Aqueous solutions of silver dihydrogen citrate and citric acid have been described in the U.S. Patent. No. 6,197,814 (incorporated herein in its entirety) as disinfectants in a variety of facilities. These water solutions of silver dihydrogen citrate and citric acid are made by passing an electric current through a pair of silver electrodes that are immersed in a water solution of citric acid. These silver dihydrogen citrate solutions are effective against a wide variety of microbes, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, and are non-toxic in the human environment at effective concentrations to combat microbial infestation. Despite the antimicrobial efficacy of various known antimicrobial compounds, there remains a need for antimicrobial compositions that are effective at lower concentrations of antimicrobial agent. There is also a need for antimicrobial compositions that provide the advantages of quaternary amines, oxidizing agents and halogen compounds, but also possess extended antimicrobial effect on solid surfaces and other substrates. The present invention satisfies these needs and also provides related advantages. COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides compositions of antimicrobial matter. The compositions comprise silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and a second antimicrobial agent. The second antimicrobial agent is selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium compounds, oxidizing agents and halogen compounds.
The invention also provides a method for conferring an antimicrobial effect on a substrate. The method includes applying an antimicrobial composition to a substrate. The antimicrobial composition comprises silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and a member of the group consisting of quaternary ammonium compounds, oxidizing agents and halogen compounds. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention described herein provides a composition having activity against microbes, such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. The compositions comprise silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and a member of the group consisting of quaternary ammonium compounds, oxidizing agents and halogen compounds. The invention further provides antimicrobial methods of using the aforementioned compositions. As used herein, the term "silver dihydrogen citrate" refers to the molecule having the chemical formula AgC6H7? 7. The chemical structure is represented by the formula I:
and their positional isomers, such as when the Ag + ion is in the 3-carboxylic acid group in place of the 1-carboxylic acid group as illustrated. The person skilled in the art will recognize that the compound of the formula y is a salt. In this manner, silver dihydrogen citrate will exist in a dissociated state in solution. The invention provides compositions comprising silver dihydrogen citrate as a first antimicrobial agent, citric acid and a second antimicrobial agent. The second antimicrobial agent is advantageously selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium compounds, oxidizing agents and halogen compounds. In combination, silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and second antimicrobial agent give rise to improved antimicrobial effects, due to the combined antimicrobial activity of the silver ion (Ag +) and the second antimicrobial agent. In some embodiments, the compositions provide immediate antimicrobial effects due to the combination of silver dihydrogen citrate and the second antimicrobial agent, as well as prolonged antimicrobial effects due to the persistent antimicrobial action of silver dihydrogen citrate on the treated substrate, despite of the degradation of the second antimicrobial agent. In these embodiments, the silver dihydrogen citrate, upon drying, forms a crystalline residue that imparts antimicrobial effects of prolonged duration. For example, a composition of silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and a quaternary ammonium compound provides immediate antimicrobial effects against a broad spectrum of microbes, including Pseudomonas, as well as prolonged antimicrobial effects when applied to a substrate, such as a surface or an article. As another example, a composition of silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and an oxidizing agent provides immediate antimicrobial activity due to the combination of silver dihydrogen citrate and oxidizing agent, as well as long-lasting antimicrobial benefits when applied to a substrate. . In other embodiments, the combination of silver dihydrogen citrate and the second antimicrobial agent results in a synergistic effect. The term "synergistic" as defined herein means that the combined effect of two or more agents is greater than the effect that can be achieved with the two agents taken separately. In general, this means that, for a particular organism, when the following formula is satisfied, the combination of two active agents A and B is synergistic;
ECso (A + B) < EC50 (A) + EC5Q (B) where EC5o means the effective concentration to cause a 50% reduction in a measure of organism activity. and B represent the two antibacterial agents, EC5o (A + B) is the EC5o for the combination of and B, while EC5o (A) is the EC5o for A alone and EC5o (B) is the EC50 for B alone. The activity of organism can be either organism proliferation or organism vitality. For example, when the antimicrobial effect that is desired is a bacteriostatic effect, EC50 is a measure of the concentration at which the agent will reduce by 50% the regimen of the cell division organism. When the antimicrobial effect is bacteriocidal, EC50 is the concentration at which the agent will reduce the number of living organisms by 50%. For example, a composition comprising a silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid, and a halogen compound, will require less than half the concentration of each of silver dihydrogen citrate and halogen compound as necessary when each It is used separately when used as an antibacterial, antifungal or antiviral. The invention provides silver dihydrogen citrate compositions comprising quaternary ammonium compounds. The quaternary ammonium compounds can be represented by formula II or III:
wherein each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is independently an organic radical, n is an integer and Xn_ is an anion (against ion) having a negative charge of n. Suitable organic radicals in formulas II and III above include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkyl having at least one substituent, alkenyl having at least one substituent, and alkynyl having at least one substituent. In formulas II and III, alkyl means C? -C30 hydrocarbyl / optionally branched, fully saturated. Alkenyl means partially or fully unsaturated, optionally branched C2-C3o hydrocarbyl, wherein each unsaturation in a double carbon-carbon bond, Alkynyl signifies C2-C3o hydrocarbyl, optionally branched, fully or partially unsaturated, wherein at least one Unsaturation is a triple carbon-carbon bond. Suitable alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, s-butyl and optionally branched pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl. nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, triscaidecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl (C20), etc. Suitable alkenyl groups include: ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-hydropenyl, 3-propenyl, 1-buten-4-yl, 2-buten-4-yl, and optionally branched pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, Decenyl, undecenyl, dodecenyl, triscadecenyl, octadecenyl, 5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenyl, 9, 12-octadecadienyl,
9, 12, 15-octadecatrienyl, etc. Suitable alkyl groups include: ethinyl, 1-propinyl, 3-propinyl, 2-butin-1-yl, etc. Substituents for the above alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups include: cycloalkyl (saturated or partially unsaturated), aryl, heterocyclyl (saturated or partially unsaturated), heteroaryl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, nitro, etc. Cycloalkyl includes saturated cycloalkyl, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclooctyl, etc. The aryl includes: phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, etc. The heterocyclyl includes pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholino, thiomorpholino, etc. Heteroaryl includes pyridyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, pyrimidinyl, etc. The invention provides compositions comprising silver dihydrogen citrate and citric acid in combination with particular quaternary ammonium compounds of formulas II and III, wherein each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n- propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, s-butyl, C4-C20 alkyl- or one of the following having a substituent: methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, s -butyl, or C4-C20 alkyl, wherein the substituent is aryl, in particular phenyl. The particular values of R2, R2, R3 and R4 which may be mentioned are methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, dodecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl, benzyl, phenylethyl, etc. The invention provides particular compositions comprising silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and a quaternary ammonium compound of Formula II or III, wherein the counter ion is an anion having a charge of -1, -2 or -3. Suitable counter ions include: chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrite, nitrate, bisulfite, sulfite, bisulfate, sulfate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate, hydroxide, etc. The invention provides particular compositions comprising silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and particular quaternary ammonium compounds, such as: tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium chloride , tetraethylammonium iodide, tetrapropylammonium bromide, tetrapropylammonium iodide, tetramethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium bromide, tetramethylammonium iodide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraoctylammonium bromide, tetraoctylammonium chloride, tetraoctylammonium iodide, tetraoctylammonium hydroxide, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, benzyltributylammonium chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium dichloride iodide, benzyltrimethylammonium bromide, butyltriethylammonium bromide, methyltrioctylammonium chloride, methyltraprylammonium chloride, methyltributylammonium chloride, myristyltrimethylamide bromide, cetrimide, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, phenyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium perchlorate, p-toluene tetrabutylammonium sulfate, p-toluene sulfonate of tetraethylammonium, p-toluene sulfonate of cetyltrimethylammonium, tetraethylammonium tosylate, tosylate tetrabutylammonium, cetyltrimethylammonium tosylate, cetylpyridinium chloride, cetylpyridinium bromide, laurylpyridinium chloride and laurylpyridinium bromide. The invention provides compositions comprising silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and a quaternary ammonium compound in various concentrations, depending on the intended use of the compositions. For example, the invention provides compositions comprising at least about 0.5 ppm of silver dihydrogen citrate and at least about 50 ppm of quaternary ammonium compound. The invention also provides compositions comprising silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid, quaternary ammonium compound and a dispersing agent. Suitable dispersing agents are generally surface active agents, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate or Octoxynol (polyethylene glycol octadecyl ether). These compositions comprise more than about 0.01% (w / w) of dispersing agent. The invention provides compositions comprising combinations of silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and one or more oxidizing agents. Oxidizing agents that may be mentioned are peroxides, such as hydrogen peroxide and benzoyl peroxide; permanganates, such as potassium permanganate, persulfates, such as potassium monopersulfate. The invention provides compositions comprising silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and an oxidizing agent in various concentrations, depending on the intended use of the compositions. For example, the invention provides compositions comprising at least about 0.5 ppm of silver dihydrogen citrate and at least about 50 ppm of oxidizing agent. The invention also provides compositions comprising silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid, oxidizing agent and a dispersing agent. Suitable dispersing agents are generally surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate or Octoxynol. These compositions comprise more than about 0.01% (w / w) of dispersing agent. The invention provides compositions comprising combinations of silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and one or more halogen compounds. The halogen compounds that may be mentioned are iodine
(I2), bromine (Br2), chlorine (Cl2), sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, etc. When iodine is used as an ingredient, it can be added as a dye or a iodophor. When bromine is used as an ingredient, it can be added as a liquid bromine or as a diluted solution. When chlorine is used as an ingredient, it can be bubbled into the Clzr gas solution or it can be added as a liquid or solid hypochlorite compound. The invention provides compositions comprising silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid.
and halogen compound in various concentrations, depending on the intended use of the compositions. For example, the invention provides compositions comprising at least about 0.1 ppm of silver dihydrogen citrate and at least about 2 ppm of halogen compound. The invention also provides compositions comprising silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid, halogen compound and a dispersing agent. Suitable dispersing agents are generally surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate or Octoxynol. These compositions comprise more than about 0.01% dispersing agent. In general, the silver dihydrogen citrate of the formula I can be made by immersing silver electrodes in an aqueous electrolyte solution containing citric acid. An electrolytic potential is then applied to the electrodes, whereby the silver ion is generated in the solution. When combined in this manner, silver ions and citric acid form silver dihydrogen citrate, which is stable in aqueous citric acid solution. In some embodiments of the invention, the electrolyte contains more than about 5%, particularly more than about 10% citric acid (% by weight / volume), and more particularly 20% or more. The silver dihydrogen citrate is then to be combined with other ingredients as further described herein. The compositions of silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and at least one member of the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium compound, an oxidizing agent (oxidant) and a halogen compound can be made by combining a solution of silver dihydrogen citrate with one or more appropriate ingredients selected from quaternary ammonium compounds, oxidizing agents, halogen compounds and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the silver dihydrogen citrate solution as described above is diluted to an appropriate concentration to create a working solution, to which the ingredient is added in an appropriate amount, with mixing. Optionally, additional antimicrobial ingredients, dispersing agents or combinations thereof can be added to the working solution. When all the ingredients are added and fully integrated into the solution, the solution is then further diluted with water to form the final composition. The person skilled in the art will recognize that the order of addition of silver dihydrogen citrate and other ingredients can be altered as desired without affecting the efficacy of the solution.
It has been shown that silver dihydrogen citrate is antimicrobial against a variety of organisms, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. Particular microbes against which efficacy has been demonstrated include Pseudomonas aeruginosa (especially ATCC 15442), Salmonella choleraesuis (especially ATCC 10708), Staphylococcus aureus (especially ATCC 65328 and ATCC 700698), E. coli (especially 0157: H7, ATCC 43888 and ATCC 11229), Listeria monocytogenes (especially ATCC 11543 and 19111), Enterococcus faecium (especially ATCC
6569 and ATCC 700221), human immunodeficiency virus 1
(HIV 1), Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1), Poliovirus type 2, Influenza A, Rhinovirus, Propionibacterium acnes
(especially ATCC 6921), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (especially ATCC 9533). In this way, the invention provides compositions having activity against a broad spectrum of microbes, including bacterial species, such as the genera of species: Psedo onas, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Listeria, Enterococcus and Propionibacterium. The invention also provides compositions having broad spectrum activity against several viruses. The invention further provides compositions having activity against dermatophytes, such as the species of the genus Trichophyton.
Quaternary ammonium compounds have been shown to have antimicrobial effects against a broad spectrum of microbes, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as some viruses and fungi. In particular, benzalkonium chloride has been found effective against mumps, rotavirus, rubella, measles, and HIV viruses. It has been shown that oxidizing agents have broad spectrum antimicrobial effects. For example, solutions of 3% hydrogen peroxide in water have been used as topical antiseptics. Hydrogen peroxide (3%) has also been used in a combination treatment with 5% acetic acid solution (vinegar) as a surface treatment to kill Salmonella and other bacterial species. Potassium permanganate
(KMn04) is an oxidizing agent that has been used as a bactericide, fungicide and algaecide in cooling towers, evaporative condensers, air washing systems, cooling sources and in water for human drinking. Potassium permanganate has also been used to control external infections of fish in aquariums and ornamental ponds. Monopersulfates, such as potassium monopersulfate, are used as oxidizing agents in pools and spas. Other oxidizing agents that may be mentioned are benzoyl peroxide and sodium perborate. Bensolic peroxide, 5% or 10% solution has been used as an acne treatment. Halogen compounds have also been shown to have broad spectrum antimicrobial effects. Chlorine is considered a front-line disinfectant for use in water treatment, such as in water supplies, cooling towers, swimming pools and spas. It is frequently used in concentrations of approximately 1,000 ppm, although in pools and spas its concentration is generally between 3 and 5 ppm of total chlorine. Bromine has been used as an antiseptic and disinfectant, Bromine is effective as an antiseptic at approximately 1,000 ppm concentration, and as a water treatment at approximately 4 to 6 ppm. Iodine is used both as a disinfectant and as an antiseptic. It is generally used as an antiseptic at a concentration of approximately 1 to 2%. Povidone iodine has been shown to have activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria, including Proteus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Salmonella, Candida, Serratia, Spores-Baccillus; Clostridiu, Trichomomonas, Enterobcter, Klebsiella, Clostridium, Shigella, Corynebcterium, Diplococcus, Mycobacterium Bacillus, - Sarcina, Trichophyton, A.spergillus, - Mima, Herella, Edwardsiella, Cibrocacter, Providencia, Acienetobacter, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Pencilium and Nocrdia. In addition to activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria, povidone iodine (an iodophor) has been found effective in immobilizing adenovirus, paper virus, rotavirus, poliovirus, coxalgia virus, rhinovirus, herpes simplex virus, rubella, measles, influenza and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (See R. Kawana et al., Dermatology 195, Supp.2, 29-35 (1997). The invention provides methods for using antimicrobial compositions comprising silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and a second antimicrobial agent selected from Quaternary Ammonium, Oxidizing and Halogen Agents The invention also provides methods for treating various substrates with the antimicrobial compositions to achieve an antimicrobial effect.The antimicrobial effect can be antibacterial, antiviral and / or antifungal.The antibacterial effect can be bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic. Antiviral effects include immobilization of virion disruption Antifungal effects include fungicidal and fungistatic effects The method comprises applying to a substrate an amount of the effective treatment composition to cause the desired antimicrobial effectThe term "substrate" is used generically herein to mean any surface, article or environment that is in need of antimicrobial treatment. The invention provides for treating various surfaces, including tops of boards, floors, glass surfaces, metal surfaces (such as stainless steel, chrome and copper surfaces), tile surfaces, concrete surfaces, vinyl floors and painted surfaces. The term "surface" is used herein to connote any surface, including interior and exterior surfaces of various objects, including container interiors (such as boilers, water tanks, swimming pools, etc.), pipe interiors, exterior fittings and domestic appliances, upper parts of shelves, windows and glass doors. The term "surface" is used in the present to distinguish on a complete article. Antimicrobial solutions are applied to the surface in a conventional manner, such as by pouring, spraying or rubbing the solution towards the surface. The solutions are cleaned or rinsed conveniently from the surface; however, in some preferred embodiments, they are left on the surface to be dried, thereby providing a long-lasting antimicrobial residue or film on the surface.
The invention provides methods for treating other substrates, including various articles, such as fabrics, metal articles, plastic articles, natural products and other articles that are often treated with aqueous cleaning solutions. For example, the invention provides methods for treating food items with the antimicrobial composition comprising silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and second antimicrobial agent. Exemplary food items that are treated with the antimicrobial compositions include vegetables and fruits. Exemplary vegetables that can be treated with the antimicrobial compositions include: roots (such as carrots, beets, radishes); tubers (such as potatoes, turnips, sweet potatoes and sweet potato species); bulbs (such as onions, chayotes); onions (such as garlic; green leafy vegetables (such as spinach, calendars, lettuce and cabbage); cruciferous sprouts (such as broccoli and cauliflower); and legumes (such as beans and peanuts). with the antimicrobial compositions include: pumpkin, melons, apples, peaches, pears, bananas, tomatoes, citrus fruits (such as oranges, grapefruit, tangerines, tangerines, lemons and limes), grapes and olives The invention also provides methods for treating an article of food by spraying or rubbing the antimicrobial composition on the food article The invention alternatively provides for immersing the food article in the antimicrobial composition to achieve an antimicrobial effect The invention also provides methods for treating a variety of articles with the antimicrobial citrate composition of silver dihydrogen, citric acid and second antimicrobial agent, for example, antimicrobial compositions They can be sprayed or rubbed on a variety of items including mechanical parts used for food service or food process manufacturing. Antimicrobial compositions can also be used to clean toys and other items handled by children and babies. The antimicrobial compositions can be further used to clean cloth items, such as clothes, wash cloths, bedding and other cloth articles. The invention also provides methods for treating water with the antimicrobial compositions. One such method comprises providing an antimicrobial composition having a preselected concentration of silver dihydrogen citrate and halogen compound. An appropriate, illustrative concentration of silver dihydrogen citrate for said composition is in the scale of about, especially about 1,000 ppm to about 5,000 ppm; and an appropriate, illustrative concentration for halogen compound in the composition is in the range of about 2,000 to about 20,000 ppm. An amount of the antimicrobial composition is then added to the water container to obtain a concentration of silver dihydrogen citrate from about 0.1 ppm to about 50 ppm, especially about 0.2 ppm to about 20 ppm, and a concentration of halogen compound from about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm especially around 1 to 10 ppm. The water in the water container is then circulated to ensure complete mixing of the silver dihydrogen citrate and the halogen compound. It is useful to test the level of silver dihydrogen citrate, the level of halogen compound, or both after the addition of the antimicrobial composition in order to ensure that an antimicrobial amount of silver dihydrogen citrate and halogen compound remain in the water container. It is known, for example, that chlorine and bromine compounds are depleted in the presence of organic materials (leaves, branches), biological material
(bacteria, algae), and other foreign matter that can be introduced to the water container. In this way, if the water container is cloudy or is otherwise thought to contain organic material or biological infestation, the water should be checked periodically after the addition of the antimicrobial composition to ensure that a concentration of silver dihydrogen citrate is maintained in the scales mentioned above. The invention provides methods for using antimicrobial compositions comprising silver dihydrogen citrate and halogen compounds. These antimicrobial compositions are prepared as described above, with silver dihydrogen citrate being present in an amount of about 1,000 ppm to about 5,000 ppm and the halogen compound being present in the range of about 2,000 ppm to about 20,000 ppm. For treatment of water supplies, drinking water, ponds and spas, the amount of the composition mentioned above is added to the water to obtain concentrations on the scale of about 0.1 to about 100 ppm of silver dihydrogen citrate and about 0.2 to about 20 ppm of halogen compound. For surface disinfection, treatment of food articles and non-food items, the compositions can be diluted to prepare a composition of from about 0.1 to about 100 ppm of silver dihydrogen citrate and from about 0.2 to about 20 ppm of compound of halogen. The diluted solution is then applied to the food item, non-food article or surface to be treated. The application of the solution to the article or surface will result in both immediate and long-term antimicrobial effects. The invention further provides methods for treating solid surfaces, such as those found in food preparation and food service industries. One such method employs an antimicrobial composition having pre-selected concentrations of silver dihydrogen citrate and a quaternary ammonium compound. An appropriate concentration of silver dihydrogen citrate for the treatment composition is in the range of about 0.1 ppm to about 100 ppm of silver dihydrogen citrate and about 0.2 ppm to about 20 ppm of quaternary ammonium compound. The treatment composition is then applied to the solid surface, such as a stainless steel surface. This method provides prolonged residual protection for microbial infestation. Once the quaternary ammonium compound has dissipated, silver dihydrogen citrate persists, providing prolonged antimicrobial benefit to the solid surface, and therefore, any material that can be brought into contact with the surface.
The invention provides another method for treating solid surfaces, which employs an antimicrobial composition comprising silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and an oxidizing agent. The antimicrobial composition has preselected concentrations of silver dihydrogen citrate and oxidizing compound. An appropriate concentration of silver dihydrogen citrate for the treatment composition is in the range of about 0.1 ppm and 100 ppm silver dihydrogen citrate; and an appropriate concentration for oxidizing agent in the treatment composition is in the range of about 0.2 ppm to about 20 ppm of oxidizing agent. The antimicrobial composition is applied to solid surface, such as stainless steel surface or counter top. This method provides prolonged residual protection for microbial infestation. Once the oxidizing agent has dissipated, a silver dihydrogen citrate residue persists, providing prolonged antimicrobial benefit to the solid surface, and therefore any materials that may be contacted with the surface. The invention further provides a method for treating a substrate, such as a food article or a non-food article with an antimicrobial composition comprising silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and chlorine or bromine. An appropriate concentration of the silver dihydrogen citrate for the antimicrobial composition is at least about 0.1, especially at least about 0.5 ppm. A suitable concentration for chlorine or bromine in the treatment composition is at least about 0.2 ppm, particularly in the range of about 0.2 ppm to about 20 ppm. The treatment composition is applied to the substrate, which may be a solid surface, a food article or a non-food item. This method provides synergistic antimicrobial efficacy. The invention can be more fully appreciated with reference to the following illustrative and non-limiting examples. EXAMPLES Example 1: Production of Silver Dihydrogen Citrate Material Solution Water was introduced to a reverse osmosis unit, passing through a semipermeable membrane to remove impurities and produce deionized water. Citric acid 99% pure anhydrous was mixed with water to produce 757 liters (200 gallons) of a 20% solution
(weight / volume) (796 g of citric acid per 3,785 liters (gallon) of water). The 757 liters (200 gallons of 20% citric acid) were directed to an ion chamber containing positive and negative electrodes, each consisting of 6,220 kg (200 troy ounces) of fine 999 silver.The positive and negative electrodes were separated when at least 2.0 mm, allowing the citric acid solution to pass between the two electrodes.An ion generation controller (IGC) power supply including a positive and a negative conductor was fixed to the positive and negative electrodes. current from 5 amps to 17 volts, driven every 9 seconds, with a polarity change at 1 minute intervals Through the process, the electrode space was adjusted in order to maintain the output of 5 amps 17 volts. electrical current caused an ion current to flow between the positive and negative electrodes, producing free silver ions within the diluted citric acid solution. The citric acid was added to the citric acid solution to produce the silver dihydrogen citrate solution. The 20% citric acid solution was recirculated through the ion chamber at 189.25 liters (50 gallons) per minute for 144 hours until the desired concentration of silver ion was obtained. The silver dihydrogen citrate solution was then allowed to settle in order to allow any solids formed during the process to precipitate. The resulting product was a silver dihydrogen citrate solution having a silver ion concentration of 2400 ppm. Then, this solution is referred to as a material solution. The material solution can be used immediately according to the following examples or stored for later use. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that numerous variations in the size and / or spacing of the electrodes and numerous variations in the peak voltage and numerous variations in the time sequence of the intermittent voltage polarity can be easily used to obtain the silver dihydrogen citrate for use in the invention. Example 2: Production of a Silver Dihydrogen Citrate composition and a Quaternary Ammonium Compound, an Oxidizing Agent or a Halogen Compound (a) A colored, smelling intermediate composition: In a Pyrex glass bottle of 1,000 ml, the ingredients listed in Table 1 were combined in the proportions indicated: Table 1 Ingredient Proportion Pure Water Pharmaceutical Grade 98,882% Quaternary Ammonia Concentrate 80% Concentrate 0.300% Surfactant Triton X-100? 4R 0 = 500% Non-Toxic Fragrance 0.300% Color Non-Toxic 0.015% (b) The non-colored, fragranced composition: in a 1,000 ml Pyrexm glass bottle, the ingredients listed in Table 2 were combined in the indicated proportions. Table 2 Ingredient Proportion Pure Water Pharmaceutical Grade 98.897% Concentrate at 80% Quaternary Ammonia 0.300% Surfactant Triton X-lOO1® 0.500% Non-Toxic Fragrance 0.300% (c) Colored composition, without fragrance: In a glass bottle Pyrex11® 1,000 ml, the ingredients listed in Table 3 were combined in the indicated proportions: Table 3 Ingredient Proportion Pure Water Pharmaceutical Grade 99.182% Concentrate at 80% Quaternary Ammonia 0.300% Surfactant Triton X-lOO1 * 0.500% Non-Toxic Color 0.015% (a) Composition not colored, without fragrance: In a glass bottle Pyrex "1 * of 1,000, the ingredients listed in table 4 were combined in the proportions indicated: Table 4 Ingredient Proportion Pure Water Pharmaceutical Grade 99,197% Concentrate at 80% of Concentrated Ammonia 0.300% Surfactant Triton X-100"0.500% The resulting intermediate compositions of (a) - (b) above were mixed during about 15 minutes before adding 0.003% solution of silver dihydrogen citrate material of Example 1. All the ingredients are then mixed for the remainder of a time period of 1 hour, The resulting composition
(test solutions (a) - (d)) are then used as in Example 3. Example 3: Antimicrobial Effect of the Composition of Example 3 A test strain of E. coli (E. coli PIPSA, Germán H) is developed at 35 ° C for 24 hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation for 10 minutes and washed twice with Butterfield Phosphate Buffer (BPB pH, 7.2). The cells were then resuspended in BPB to obtain a cell suspension of about 10 CFU / ml. (The target inoculum levels were approximately 106 CFU / ml in the final test solution). Three sets of non-porous glass plates were provided. For each set of test plates, one was treated with the test solution in Example 3 and the other plate was treated with the intermediate test solution of Example 3. Each plate was then inoculated with E. coli. After the inoculation, the test plates were stored for periods of 1 and 24 hours, then removed from the plate in the indicated period of time and incubated for a period of 24 hours. A brand of
Pasa indicates no bacterial growth. A brand of
Falla indicates bacterial growth. The results in Table 5 below demonstrate the residual activity of a combination of silver dihydrogen citrate and quaternary ammonium compound, whose properties are not possessed by compositions comprising the quaternary ammonium compound alone. Table 5 Sampling Interval / Ingredient 1 Hour 24 Hours Silver Dihydrogen Citrate + Quaternary Ammonium Compound Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass
Quaternary Ammonium Compound Single Pass Fault Pass Fault Pass Failure As can be seen from the previous examples, the present invention provides significant advantages in the field of antimicrobial methods. The invention provides antimicrobial compositions and methods that possess broad spectrum antimicrobial properties. In addition, the invention provides compositions and methods possessing synergistic antimicrobial properties. In addition, the invention provides antimicrobial compositions that possess prolonged antimicrobial properties when applied to a substrate. Even though the invention has been described with reference to certain exemplary embodiments, the person skilled in the art will recognize that additional embodiments may be made within the scope of the foregoing general description of the invention.
Claims (1)
- CLAIMS 1. A composition comprising silver dihydrogen citrate, citric acid and a second antimicrobial agent selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium compound, an oxidizing agent and a halogen compound. 2, - The composition according to claim 1, wherein the second antimicrobial agent is quaternary ammonia. 3 = - The composition according to claim 1, wherein the second antimicrobial agent is an oxidant. 4, - The composition according to claim 3, wherein the oxidant is selected from hydrogen peroxide, potassium monopersulfate and potassium permanganate. 5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the second antimicrobial agent is a halogen compound, 6. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the halogen is chlorine, a hypochlorite, bromine or iodine. 1 . The composition according to claim 1, further comprising a dispersing agent, 8, - The composition according to claim 7, wherein the dispersing agent is a detergent. 9, - The composition according to claim 8, wherein the detergent is sodium dodecyl sulfate or Octoxynol. 10 - A method for using the composition according to claim 1, comprising applying the composition to a substrate, whereby an antimicrobial effect is achieved, 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the substrate It is a solid surface. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the substrate is a fabric. 13, - The method according to claim 10, wherein the substrate is an article. 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein the antimicrobial effect is a bacteriocidal effect. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the antimicrobial effect is bacteriostasis. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the antimicrobial effect is a virucidal effect. 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein the antimicrobial effect is a fungicidal effect.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US60/498,347 | 2003-08-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MXPA06002284A true MXPA06002284A (en) | 2007-04-20 |
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