MXPA06001752A

MXPA06001752A - Method and apparatus for condensing water from ambient air.

Info

Publication number: MXPA06001752A
Application number: MXPA06001752A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Tauaiti Wally Royal
Original assignee: Vital Earth Technologies Pty L
Priority date: 2003-08-20
Filing date: 2004-08-20
Publication date: 2006-08-11
Also published as: JP2007502922A; KR20060095938A; GB0603483D0; IL173812A0; TW200523436A; PL379764A1; CN1856627A; EA200600436A1; US20080168789A1; CA2535909A1; GB2419933A; MY137022A; EP1660730A4; GB2419933B; WO2005019542A1; EP1660730A1; BRPI0413637A; NZ545877A; ZA200602243B

Abstract

There is provided methods and apparatus (2) for collecting water from ambient air. The apparatus has at least one condensation surface which is cooled to, or below, the dew point of the ambient air. The cooling of the condensation surface is effected by utilising a gas to reduce the partial pressure of refrigerant vapour to effect evaporation of liquid refrigerant. Water in ambient air that contacts the cooled condensation surface condenses and is collected. There is also provided apparatus for effecting cooling and/or heating.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING WATER FROM AMBIENT AIR FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is broadly concerned with-a-mé-feodo-y ^ -aparato- ara_con .ens.ar_agua_ ara its recension of ambient air. The apparatus in at least one form provides a means to generate potable water for consumption or other purposes and finds particular application in areas where potable water supplies are limited.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In many places around the world, access to a supply of fresh drinking water is limited, forcing many to use water for area needs that would not otherwise be considered generally appropriate for such use. Certainly, many water supplies are contaminated or corrupted and in order to be able to use water safely, it is necessary that the water be boiled or treated in some way or another. While yachts and boats carry their own water supplies during a trip, it is often necessary to restrict the daily use of available water because access to freshwater supplies other than rainwater is not available. Similarly, mining companies, road repair crews and Ref: 170059 rails, also like for example military units that operate in remote occasions and points of meeting of islands all need fresh water. Water, of course, has thousands of uses besides being required to sustain life. Such uses include washing and use in industrial processes among others. In areas or places where the water supply is limited, it is desirable to have access to regular fresh water supplies. While supplies can be replenished by rainwater, rainfall can be variable and insufficient. In addition, the cost of transporting fresh water to remote locations on a regular basis can be expensive. Apparatus for condensing ambient air water are disclosed in European Patent No. 0597716 and US Patent No. 5,857,344. Both of these apparatuses comprise a refrigeration system that incorporates an electric compressor to obtain cooling of the ambient air by compression and subsequent expansion of a refrigerant to effect the condensation of the water of the air that is then collected. U.S. Patent No. 6,156,102 discloses an apparatus and method for collecting water from the ambient air that involves passing the air in contact with a hygroscopic solution. The hygroscopic solution absorbs moisture from the air. The moisture is subsequently evaporated from the hygroscopic solution and collected. The evaporation of moisture is obtained by heating the hygroscopic liquid or by evaporating the moisture by vacuum. A similar arrangement involving directing the ambient air in contact with a material before the separation and subsequent collection of the absorbed moisture is described in U.S. Pat. 6,336,957.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for collecting ambient air water, the method comprising: providing at least one condensation surface for contact with ambient air; passing a gas to an enclosed space containing a gaseous mixture of the gas and refrigerant vapor evaporated from a liquid refrigerant, in such a way that the refrigerant vapor evaporates into the space enclosed from the liquid refrigerant and by this the heat is extracted to the coolant from the condensing surface by cooling the condensation surface to or below the dew point of the water in the ambient air; passing the gaseous mixture from enclosed space; contact the cooled condensing surface with the ambient air to effect condensation of the ambient air water on the condensing surface and collect the condensed water. __ _ Commonly, the method will further comprise condensing the "refrigerant vapor in the gaseous mixture which is passed from the confined space back to the liquid refrigerant by separating the vapor from the refrigerant of the gas, returning the gas from the gaseous mixture to the confined space to generate more of the gaseous mixture and circulating the liquid refrigerant of the gas mixture Preferably, the gas mixture will be passed from the enclosed space in contact with a liquid absorbent that absorbs the gas from the gas mixture, thereby forming a solution and the gas will be separated of the solution for the return of the gas to the enclosed space and to recirculate the liquid absorbent for contact with more than the gas mixture.Preferably, the condensed liquid refrigerant of the gas mixture is recirculated strongly with the passage of the gas to the enclosed space and the passage of the gaseous mixture from the space enclosed in contact with the liquid absorbent, in such a way that the Condensation surface is cooled in a continuous cycle.

Preferably, the liquid refrigerant will be agitated as the gas is passed into the enclosed space. More preferably, the agitation of the liquid refrigerant will be obtained by bubbling the gas through the liquid refrigerant to the enclosed space. Preferably, the method will further comprise verifying the ambient air temperature flowing from the condensing surface and adjusting the flow rate in which the ambient air flowing in contact with the condensing surface at a desired flow rate to promote the condensation of water from the ambient air on the condensing surface. The ambient air is cooled by contact with the condensing surface and the cooled ambient air can be used to cool the refrigerant vapor in the gaseous mixture that is passed from the enclosed space, to facilitate the condensation of the refrigerant vapor back to the liquid refrigerant . Preferably, the gaseous mixture will be passed from the enclosed space to a condenser in which the refrigerant vapor is condensed. Thus, the method may also comprise adjusting the velocity of the ambient air flow flowing from the condensing surface to the condenser to promote condensation of the refrigerant vapor. The evaluation of whether the flow velocity of the ambient air flowing from the condensing surface needs to be adjusted to promote the condensation of the integral vapor can comprise: measuring the pressure inside the condenser; = measure__a_Je.mperature inside the condenser and determine the measured pressure and the measured temperature. In another aspect of the present invention, water is provided from an apparatus for collecting water from the environment, the apparatus comprising: at least one condensing surface for contact with ambient air; an evaporator for receiving the liquid refrigerant and defining an enclosed space for a gaseous mixture of refrigerant vapor evaporated from the liquid refrigerant and a gas; an inlet to the evaporator for the passage of gas into the space to cause the additional evaporation of the liquid refrigerant to the space, in such a way that the heat is extracted to the liquid refrigerant from the surface of the condensation and by this the condensing surface is cooled at a temperature which is lower than the dew point of the water in the ambient air to effect the condensation of the water of the ambient air on the condensing surface for the collection of the water and an exit of the passage of the gaseous mixture from the space. Preferably, the apparatus will further comprise a separation system for separating the gas in the gas-1-refrigerant mixture and condensing the refrigerant vapor back to the liquid refrigerant, to the gas return to the enclosed space in the evaporator and recycling of the coolant. Preferably, the separation system will comprise a condenser for receiving the gaseous mixture from the evaporator and condensing the refrigerant vapor in the gaseous mixture back to the liquid refrigerant, the condenser is adapted to receive the liquid absorbent and facilitate contact of the gas mixture with the liquid for absorption of the gas to the liquid absorbent to form a solution and thereby separate the gas from the refrigerant vapor. Preferably, in use, the condenser will house a bath comprising a layer of the liquid refrigerant and a layer of the solution and the condenser will be adapted to receive the gaseous mixture by contacting the gas mixture with the liquid absorbent to form the solution, before from the passage of the solution to the bathroom. In general, the liquid refrigerant will have a lower density than the solution and the solution will be separated from the liquid refrigerant layer to the solution layer.

Preferably, the condenser will further comprise a mixing unit arranged within the condenser to receive the liquid absorbent. Where the mixing unit is adapted to create a flow of the liquid absorbent - on a single - unit - of the mixer unit - to facilitate contact of the gas with the liquid absorbent. In general, the mixing unit will incorporate an open cavity to receive the liquid absorbent and provide the flow of the liquid absorbent through the surface of the mixing unit with overflow of the liquid absorbent from the cavity. Preferably the mixing unit will be adapted to promote turbulence in the liquid absorbent as the liquid absorbent flows over the surface with the mixing unit to improve absorption of the gas by the liquid absorbent. Commonly, the mixing unit will have at least one shoulder defined on the surface of the mixing unit and falling through the surface to promote turbulence in the liquid absorbent. Preferably, the mixing unit will have a plurality of shoulders, the shoulders are spaced apart from one another by the mixing unit and extend substantially completely around the external measurement of the mixing unit. Preferably, the mixing unit will be mounted on cardanic supports at the sides within the condenser to maintain the mixing unit in a substantially vertical position. Preferably, the separation system will further comprise a separation tank for the _5- -evaporación deJL ^^ as ___ de_l__absorbente __lí.quido, the deposit separation includes: a lodging; an inlet for the passage of the liquid absorbent to the housing, the gas evaporates from the liquid absorbent within the housing and an outlet for the return of the gas evaporated from the liquid absorbent to the evaporator. The evaporation tank will commonly be adapted to be heated to facilitate evaporation 15 of the gas from the liquid absorbent. Preferably, the gas separation system will further comprise a pump system for raising the liquid absorbent to an elevated position for the flow of the liquid absorbent to the condenser for additional contact 20 of the gas mixture of the evaporator. The pump system comprises: a heating tank for receiving the liquid absorbent and which is heated to cause the liquid absorbent to be forced from the heating tank; 25 a lifting tube for receiving the liquid absorbent from the heating tank after the heating tank is heated and a collection tank arranged in the elevated deposition and to which the tube is opened for collection of the _ab-sjoxhe_ne -._ liq ^ ido ___ ^ J .__ tank is adapted for the passage of the liquid absorbent from the collection tank to the condenser. Preferably, the collection tank will have a first outlet for the passage of the liquid absorbent from the collection tank to the condenser, an interior space for receiving the gas together with the absorbent vapor which evaporates from the liquid absorbent with travel along the riser tube and an additional outlet for the passage of the gas separated from the liquid absorbent from the collection tank to the evaporator. Preferably, the first exit of the collection tank. it will open to a conduit to direct the liquid absorbent to the condenser, where the conduit passes through the separation tank for heat exchange with the condenser solution. Preferably, the additional outlet of the collection tank will open to a passage connecting the first outlet of the separation tank to the evaporator. The passage will desirably have an inclined region to trap the liquid absorbent which condenses in the passage from the absorbent vapor and drain the condensed liquid absorbent to the separation tank. Preferably, the apparatus will also comprise a heat exchanger for heat exchange between the gas mixture and the gas with passage of the minute mixture from the space in the evaporator to the condenser and passage of the gas from the separation system to the evaporator. In general, the heat exchanger will also usually be adapted to receive the condensed refrigerant for heat exchange with the gas mixture and the gas with the passage of condensed refrigerant from the condenser to the evaporator. In addition, the apparatus will preferably comprise a box housing the condenser and the evaporator, to direct the ambient air of the evaporator to contact with the condenser. Preferably, a fan will be provided to produce ambient air flow through the box from the outside of the box. More preferably, the condensing surface will usually be arranged at an angle in relation to the horizontal to facilitate the collection of the condensed water. The angle will commonly be in a range of about 30 ° C to about 60 ° C and preferably, about 40 ° C to about 50 ° C. Preferably, the apparatus will also comprise a control system for controlling the flow velocity of the ambient air in contact with the condensing surface, the control system comprising: a temperature sensor for determining the temperature of the ambient air flowing from the surface -5 - de-so-nde-nsación; - - - where the control system is adapted to verify the temperature determined by the temperature sensor and adjust the flow velocity of the ambient air flowing in contact with the surface of the 10 condensation to promote the condensation of water from the ambient air on the condensing surface. Preferably also, the apparatus will be adapted to direct ambient air flowing from the condensing surface to the condenser and where the control system 15 will further comprise an operable adjustable air intake for adjusting the ambient air flow velocity flowing from the evaporator to the condenser in relation to the flow velocity of the ambient air flowing in contact with the condensing surface, thereby altering the 20 temperature and pressure inside the condenser to promote the condensation of the refrigerant vapor. More preferably, the control system will comprise an additional temperature sensor for measuring the temperature in the condenser and a pressure detector 25 to measure the pressure inside the heater and the control system will be further adapted to determine the temperature measured by the additional temperature detector and the pressure measured by the pressure sensor and to operate the adjustable air intake to alter the speed of fjLuj_o of aire_ ambiente__ that __fluye condenser. Preferably, the inlet to the evaporator will be located to bubble the gas through the liquid refrigerant into the closed space of the evaporator. The bubbling of the gas through the liquid refrigerant agitates the liquid refrigerant increasing the transfer of heat from the ambient air to the liquid refrigerant. Yet another aspect of the present invention provides an evaporator for effecting the condensation of water from ambient air, the evaporator comprising: a condensing surface for contact with ambient air; a housing for receiving the liquid refrigerant and having an interior space enclosed by a gaseous mixture of refrigerant vapor evaporated from the liquid refrigerant and a gas; an inlet for the passage of gas into space to cause additional evaporation of the liquid refrigerant to the enclorable space, so that the heat is extracted to the liquid refrigerant from the condensing surface and by this the condensing surface is cooled to a temperature of or less than the dew point of the water in the ambient air to effect the condensation of the water of the ambient air on the condensing surface for the collection of the water and an outlet for the passage of the gaseous mixture from the enclosed space. Preferably, the condensing surface or each condensing surface will be a surface of a cooling fin respectively and the housing that the evaporator will comprise: an upper region for receiving the gaseous mixture of the gas and the refrigerant vapor; a lower region that is at least partially filled with the liquid refrigerant and that is spaced from the upper region and at least one conduit that opens at one end in the upper housing region and one end opposite the lower region and in where the cooling fin or each cooling fin is arranged between the upper region and the lower region for contact with the ambient air. Commonly, a plurality of cooling fins will be spaced apart arranged close together to close contact with the ambient air.

In still another aspect there is provided a method for separating a gas from a refrigerant vapor in a gas mixture, the method comprising: providing a capacitor adapted to condense the refrigerant vapor ^^ to a refrigerant, liquid, the condenser houses a mixing unit to receive a liquid absorber to absorb the gas and which is adapted to facilitate the contact of the liquid absorbent with the gas mixture; passing the gaseous mixture to the condenser to effect the condensation of the refrigerant vapor and passing the liquid absorber to the mixing unit, whereby the liquid absorber is brought into contact with the gaseous mixture, in such a way that the gas is absorbed into the liquid absorbent forming a solution of the liquid absorber and the gas. In a further aspect there is provided a condenser for separating a gas from a refrigerant vapor in a gas mixture, the condenser comprising: a housing for receiving the gas mixture and condensing the vapor from the refrigerant to the liquid refrigerant and a mixing unit arranged within the housing for receiving a liquid absorbent to absorb the gas to form a solution of the gas and liquid absorbent, the mixing unit is adapted to facilitate contact of the gas mixture with the liquid absorbent. In yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided a mixing unit for mixing a gas with a liquid absorbent to absorb gas from a gas mixture 5. of the gas_ and a refrigerant vapor to separate the gas and the refrigerant vapor, the mixing unit comprises: A mixing body to receive the liquid absorbent and facilitate the contact of the gas mixture with the liquid absorbent for absorption of the gas, the body or mixer is adapted to facilitate the contact of the gaseous mixture with the liquid absorbent. Condensation of ambient air water provides a way to supplement supplies of fresh or stored water on remote or extreme occasions where fresh water is scarce or otherwise unavailable and can reduce dependency or the need for water is transported to such locations. Similarly, where it is necessary to carry water supplies such as in a boat or boat during, the condensation 0 of the ambient air water provides an alternative source of water during the trip and thus allows less dependence on the stored water. Certainly, by being able to condense water from the ambient air, water storage can be reduced. 5 In addition, the condensation of water from the air provides some certainty as to the quality of the water that a water source thus provides in areas where there are doubts as to the quality of the existing water supplies or of the available water. is contaminated or corrupted or otherwise not appropriate for the intended purpose of water. Thus, one or more embodiments of the present invention find application in a variety of practical situations. In addition, as the ambient air is cooled and heat is generated when the refrigerant vapor is condensed during the operation of the apparatus described herein, the cooled ambient air and heat generated can be used for general heating and cooling purposes respectively. Thus, in yet a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for providing heating of an apparatus during the pressure of the apparatus, the method comprising: passing a gas into an enclosed space containing a gaseous mixture of the gas and vapor of the refrigerant evaporated from a liquid refrigerant, in such a way that in addition the refrigerant vapor evaporates to the confined space of the liquid refrigerant; passing the gaseous mixture from the enclosed space of a condenser to condense the refrigerant vapor from the gaseous mixture back to liquid refrigerant; return the gas from the gaseous mixture to the enclosed space; recirculate the condensed liquid refrigerant of the gaseous mixture for evaporation to the enclosed space and extract the heat from the condenser to provide heat. In still another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for providing cooling of an apparatus during the pressure of the apparatus, the method comprising: providing at least one contact surface with ambient air; passing a gas to an enclosed space containing a gaseous mixture of gas and vapor from the refrigerant evaporated from a liquid refrigerant, in such a way that in addition the vapor of the refrigerant evaporates to the confined space of the liquid refrigerant and by this heat is extracted to the refrigerant liquid from the cooling surface cooling the cooling surface; passing the gaseous mixture from the closed space; contact the cooled cooling surface with the ambient air to effect cooling of the ambient air and use the cooled ambient air to provide cooling.

The apparatus for providing cooling and / or cooling is also preferably encompassed by the possible invention. It will be understood that it is not necessary for the (s) surface (condensation / cooling of the apparatus provided for general cooling purposes were cooled to the temperature or below the dew point of the ambient air.That is, heating or cooling can be obtained without collecting ambient air water In all this specification the word "comprises" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" shall be understood to imply the intuition of an element, integer or stage affirmed or group of elements, integers or stages, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or stage of the group of elements, integers or stages. The elements and advantages of the present invention will become apparent further from the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention together with the accompanying figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 is a plant of an apparatus implemented by the present invention to condense water from ambient air; Figure 2 is a side view of the apparatus of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a schematic view illustrating the operation of the apparatus of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a rear view of the evaporator of the apparatus of Figure 1; Figure 5 is a view in partial longitudinal cross section of the condenser of the apparatus of the figure 1; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken through lines B-B of the capacitor of Figure 5; Figure 7 is a schematic view of a control system of the apparatus of Figure 1; Figure 8 is a schematic view illustrating the operation of an original apparatus implemented by the present invention to condense water from the ambient air and Figures 9 to 11 are flow charts illustrating the control system of the apparatus shown in Figure 8. Figure 12 is a schematic end view of a solar heat tracking apparatus for providing heating; Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the heating that is effected by the reflector of the apparatus of "Figure 12.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED MODALITIES Apparatus 2 of Figure 1 comprises an evaporator 4 containing isobutane refrigerant (R600) for cooling the evaporator to a temperature of or lower than the dew point of the water in ambient air flowing through the evaporator. evaporator in use. Briefly, the evaporator cooling is obtained by passing a gas such as ammonia which is substantially inert with respect to the refrigerant to a high space of the evaporator. This decreases the partial pressure of the refrigerant vapor in the headspace and thereby causes the refrigerant to evaporate from the liquid refrigerant to the high space. The resulting gaseous mixture in the high space comprising the gas and the vapor of the refrigerant passes from the sideboard and the gas and the vapor of the refrigerant are separated. The vapor from the separated refrigerant is condensed and the gas and condensed liquid refrigerant are recirculated back to the evaporator 4 in a continuous location. As shown more clearly in Figure 2, the gaseous mixture in the cabinet 4 passes to a condenser 6 due to a pressure differential between the evaporator and the condenser. The separation of the gas from the refrigerant vapor occurs in the condenser and is obtained by contacting the gas within the gas mixture with a liquid absorber fed to the condenser. The gas is absorbed with a liquid absorber to form a solution that passes from the condenser to a separation tank for the separation of the gas from the solution before the gas returns to the evaporator. The liquid absorbent separated from the recirculation solution by a system of i > j-) indicated, in general by the numbers 8 and 10, to the condenser for the additional separation of the gas from the gas mixture entering the condenser of the evaporator. As schematically shown in Figure 3, the evaporator 4 comprises a housing 12 having a lower chamber 14 which is in fluid communication with an elevated space 16 of the evaporator through a plurality of rows spaced apart from tubular tubes 18. The evaporator 4 is filled with liquid isobutane refrigerant 28 except for the high space 16 of the evaporator. The spaces 20 between the tubes provide a path for ambient air to flow through the evaporator onto cooling fins 22. The upper side a and the lower side b to the fin 22 provide condensation surfaces for the condensation of water from ambient air. The evaporator and thereby the fins 22 are arranged at an angle of 45 ° relative to the horizontal such that the condensed water running from the fins falls on a hot surface of a box 24 which houses the evaporator and, * the condenser, which directs the water to an outflow weir 26 for collection as illustrated in Figure 2. The gas 30 as illustrated in this case or ammonia gas, is bubbled through the liquid refrigerant from- one-entry-in_of_Jun __. diffus.or_3,2. ^ arranged, .in the lower chamber 14 of the evaporator. The ammonia gas passes up through the tubes 18 into the high space 16 of the evaporator, where it mixes with the vapor of the refrigerant that has evaporated from the underlying liquid refrigerant. The general entry of ammonia into the high space causes the partial pressure of the refrigerant vapor to decrease. This also causes the refrigerant to evaporate from the liquid refrigerant in the evaporator. As a result, heat is extracted to the liquid refrigerant from the cooling of the fins 22 which in turn cools the ambient air flowing on the fins. An outlet 34 is provided in the raised space 16 of the evaporator, through which the gas mixture flows to the condenser 6 through a condensation tube 36. The feed tube 36 opens a superior reaction 38 of the condenser through of an inlet 40. The condenser 6 is partially filled with a bath in a lower region 43 of the condenser, comprising a layer of liquid refrigerant 28 superimposed on a layer of a solution 42 of water and dissolved ammonia gas. A mixing unit 44 is suspended within the upper region of the condenser by double shaft supports 46 secured to the walls of the condenser. The supports ensure that the mixing unit remains in a substantially vertical position if the floor surface on which the apparatus 12 is located is horizontal. A cavity 48 defined at an upper end of the mixing unit receives the liquid absorber of unit 50 from an additional inlet 52 provided in the upper region 38 of the condenser. The liquid absorbent contains water comprising a substantially lower concentration of dissolved ammonia gas than solution 42 in the lower region of the condenser. The liquid absorbent 50 is poured from the rim 54 of the cavity and by the inner peripheral surface 56 of the mixing unit before falling into the liquid refrigerant layer 58 of the bath. As the liquid absorbent travels on the external peripheral surface of the mixing unit under the effect of gravity, it is brought into contact with the gaseous mixture entering the evaporator condenser and absorbs ammonia from the gas mixture. As shown in Figure 5, the mixing unit is provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced ridges 58 that form annular rings around the mixing unit. The rings produce turbulence in the flow of the liquid absorbent through the mixing unit as the absorbent passes through each. The turbulence facilitates the mixing of the liquid absorbent with the ammonia gas of the gaseous mixture of the evaporator and by this absorption of the ammonia gas into the liquid absorbent. A cross-sectional view taken through the mixing line B-B is shown in the figure. As can be seen, the absorbent liquid falls to the center of the cavity 48 through the opening 60 of the inlet 52. Returning to Figure 3 the liquid absorber and dissolved ammonia gas have a higher density than the liquid refrigerant and thus pass from the layer of the liquid refrigerant to the solution 42 in the region of the bottom 43 of the condenser. The solution 42 flows from the condenser through a feed tube 62 and enters the separation tank 64 through an inlet 66. The storage tank 64 is partially filled with a solution of the liquid absorbent and dissolved ammonia gas and has a internal high space 68 filled with steam from the solution and more particularly, ammonia gas and water vapor. In use, the separation tank is heated, forcing the majority of the ammonia gas in the solution coming from the condenser to evaporate in the internal high space 68 of the separation tank. An outlet 70 is provided in the separation tank through which the weaker solution 41 flows to a heating tank 72 of the pump system through a feed tube 74. The heating tank 72 is heated to a temperature Sufficient, commonly the boiling point of the weaker solution, to force the weaker solution upwards through the riser tube 76 to the collection tank 78. As the heated solution is "percoated" to the riser tube 76, the Water vapor and ammonia gas evaporate from the solution, forming gas cavities that are pushed upwardly through the riser tube with the solution passing to the collection tank 78. The solution entering the collection tank accordingly has a lower concentration of dissolved ammonia gas compared to both the solution 42 that enters the separation tank and the solution that passes from the storage tank. storage to the heating tank. After entering the collection tank 78, the solution is recirculated to the condenser 6 as the liquid absorber 50 to absorb additional ammonia gas from the gaseous mixture passing to the condenser 6 of the high space 16 of the evaporator 4 through the feed tube 36 More particularly, as indicated in Figure 3, the liquid absorbent 50 exiting the riser tube 76 accumulates within the collection tank 78 and travels back to the recycle tube 80 which passes through the solution 42 in the tank separation 64 in a heat exchange relationship with input 66, for the exchange 5 heat with the solution entering the condenser separation tank. From the storage tank, the recycling tube 80 directs the liquid absorbent to the inlet 52 of the condenser. A feed tube 82 feeds the ammonia gas and water vapor entering the collection tank from the riser tube 76 to a common feed tube 84 that opens at one end to the headroom 68 the separation tank through of the outlet 86. An opposite end of the common feeding tube 84 is 15 opens the diffuser 32 arranged in the evaporator 4 to return the ammonia gas to the high space 16 of the evaporator. The common feeding tube 84 has an inclined section 88 for trapping water which condenses in the common feed tube of the water vapor with the ammonia gas from the reservoir 20. collection 78 and separation tank 64 and direct the condensed water back to the storage tank. As also indicated in Figure 3, the common feeding tube 84 passes through a heat exchanger 90 comprising a section of the feed tube 25 36 that conveys the gaseous mixture from the raised space 16 of the evaporator 4 to the condenser 6. An additional feed tube 92 that recycles the condensed refrigerant 28 from the condenser to the lower chamber 14 of the evaporator 4 also passes through the heat exchanger 90 and Continues in a-exchange-relationship. heat_ with the common feed tube 84 of the heat exchanger 90 to the lower chamber 14 of the evaporator 4. As will be appreciated, the heat exchanger 90 facilitates the heat exchange of the gas mixture in the heat exchanger and / or coolant in the tube of feed 92 and the ammonia gas in the common feed tube 94. Similarly, the side-by-side arrangement of the common feed tube 84 and the feed tube 92 of the heat exchanger 90 to the evaporator 4 allow the exchange of heat between the coolant in the feed tube 92 and the ammonia gas in the common feed tube. As described above, the evaporator 4 and the condenser 6 are housed inside a box 24. As best illustrated in FIG. 7, the box 24 has a main air inlet 96 and a fan 98 disposed in an outlet 100 to extract ambient air to the atmosphere box through the main air intake. The ambient air flows through the evaporator in contact through the fins 22 causing the water to condense from the air on the fins 22 and then in contact with the housing 24 of the condenser 6. As the cooled air passes over the housing of the condenser, the heat is extracted from the housing. The refrigerant vapor in the upper region of the condenser and the underlying liquid refrigerant are _5_ medjLante_ ^ esto_enfriados. For efficient operation, the flow velocity of the ambient air through the box 24 is adjusted to optimize the condensation of water per unit volume of the ambient air flowing through the evaporator, while maintaining a sufficient air flow on the evaporator. condenser for the heat transfer of the ambient air condenser for condensing the refrigerant vapor inside the condenser. As will be understood, the apparatus is put into operation in such a manner that the cooling fins are cooled efficiently without freezing the condensed water. For any given atmospheric conditions there is a specific moisture value measured in grams of water vapor per kilogram of air. For example, a specific unit of between 4.5 and 6 grams of moisture / kilogram of air correlates with a dry bulb temperature between 1 ° C and 6.5 ° C. in use, the apparatus is put into operation in such a manner that the specific humidity of the ambient air flowing from condensation surfaces of the cooling fins 22 is reduced to a specific humidity which correlates with a selected dry bulb temperature specified or temperature range. More particularly, the fan 98 is put into operation, initially, at a maximum speed, to obtain a maximum air flow through the box 24 and the dew point of the ambient air entering the evaporator is determined by a detector 102. The detector is arranged to be progressively cooled by the ambient air as the ambient air entering the evaporator is cooled by the cooling fins 22. When condensation is formed on the ambient air detector 102, the detector is short-circuited , indicating the dew point of the ambient air. This temperature is compared in the control module 106 with the dry bulb temperature of the air leaving the evaporator measured by a temperature sensor 104. If the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 104 is greater than the dew point of the water in the ambient air determined by the detector 102, the fan speed is progressively reduced upon request of the control module 106 which decreases the flow velocity of the ambient air through the evaporator. This continues until the temperature of the ambient air is lowered to the dew point of the water in the ambient air to obtain the condensation of the water on the cooling fins 22.

Once the flow velocity of the ambient air over the evaporator 24 has been obtained, the temperature of the. condensed refrigerant 18 in the condenser 6 is measured by an additional temperature sensor 112 and compared in the d-control module 106 with the pressure of such in the upper region 38 of the condenser measured by the pressure sensor 114. Since the Pressure in the upper region of the condenser varies according to the environmental conditions, there are temperature and pressure conditions inside the condenser for the optimal condensation of the refrigerant vapor. The temperature and pressure measured by the temperature sensor 112 and pressure sensor 114 are compared in the control module 106 and the control module determines whether optimum conditions for the condensation of the refrigerant vapor have been obtained. If the control module determines that the temperature in the condenser is too high for condensation of the refrigerant vapor, the speed of the fan 98 is progressively increased upon request of the control module. This increases the velocity of the ambient air flow used passing from the evaporator to the condenser, causing the additional heat to be removed from the condenser housing by the ambient air and the temperature in the condenser to thereby be progressively decreased. The fan speed continues to increase until a temperature is obtained in the condenser at which condensation of refrigerant vapor occurs. After a short time delay of usually 1 to 2 minutes, the dew point of the ambient air that enters -5- = a _ = - evape-rado- -y _-_ a_-emperatura-de-bulbo_ .se.co_ of the ambient air leaving the evaporator are again measured by the temperature detectors 102 and 104 and these temperatures are compared in the control module. If a temperature measured by the temperature detector 104 has risen above 10 of the water dew point, an air intake in the form of an articulated bias damper 108 arranged in a region lower than the box 24 is open for at least one extension limited by an actuator 110 operated by the control module. The opening of the deviation damper 15 108 allows the uncooled ambient air indicated by the arrow to flow into the box through the admission of additional air in contact with the condenser. This reduces the flow velocity of the ambient air through the evaporator to that required for cooling the ambient air to the 20 dew point of the water in the ambient air, while maintaining or increasing the flow velocity of the ambient air rather than passing through the condenser. The control module 106 continues to check the airflow temperatures of the ambient air through 25 the box measured by the temperature detectors 102 and 104, as well as the temperature of the liquid refrigerant in the condenser and the total pressure in the upper region of the condenser measured by the pressure sensor 114 and temperature sensor 112 and to adjust the shock absorber pressure -_ »- ^ 1-08 -_- y__la-_v-e_ocidad --- del-enilador..9.8 in response to changing ambient conditions as required for the continuous condensation of ambient air water on the cooling fins 22 and condensation of the refrigerant vapor inside the condenser 6. The cycle of Verification is repeated at regular intervals to ensure optimum efficiency of the apparatus and by this maximum production of ambient air water. The timing or synchronization circuit to start the operation of the verification cycle is also located inside the module 15 control. Such control circuits are within the reach of those skilled in the art. An additional apparatus for collecting water from the ambient air implemented by the present invention is illustrated schematically in Figure 8. This apparatus 20 differs from that illustrated in Figure 3 in that the pump system comprising the heating tank 72 and the collection tank 78 is located before the operation tank 64. More particularly, the solution 42 of the condenser 6 flows directly to the tank heating 25 where it is heated for separation of the dissolved ammonia gas from the liquid absorbent. As described above, as the heated solution 42 is "percolated" up the riser 46, the water vapor and the ammonia gas evaporate from the solution, forming "cavities" of gas-which are-pushed upwardly through the tube. elevator to the collection depot. As the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the liquid absorbent 50 that is collected in the collection tank is run back to the condenser 6 through the recycling tube 80 for its contact with the additional gas mixture passing from the evaporator 4. However, instead of the separated gas being routed to the diffuser 32 in the evaporator as in the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, the separated ammonia gas passes through the feed tube 82 to the upper region 38 of the condenser. This minimizes the passage of evaporated water vapor from the liquid absorbent that passes to the evaporator. The solution of the liquid absorber and remaining dissolved ammonia gas passing from the heating tank 72 to the separation tank is heated in a separation tank 74 as explained above, to effect the evaporation of the ammonia gas for the return of the gas to the diffuser 32 in the operator through the feeding tube 84. As shown further in Figure 8, this apparatus also incorporates a water return system 116 to return the water that accumulates in the evaporator 4 to the condenser 6. The system of Water return comprises a float valve incorporating a ball float 118 disposed in a storage cylinder 120 that opens at = -5 - el_ ^ e_vapora_x > r__a_J_rav-és_, of the ball ^ 118 is normally supported on the open end 124 of the drain conduit 126, thereby closing the drain conduit. A pressure equalizing conduit (not shown) connects the upper region of the cylinder 10 storage above the ball float 118 to a lower region of the storage cylinder below the ball float. The density of the water is greater than that of the refrigerant and thus sits at the bottom of the storage cylinder. The ball float has such a density 15 so that it does not float in the coolant but floats in the water. When sufficient water accumulates at the bottom of the storage cylinder 120, the ball float is lifted from the drain conduit 126, allowing the water to flow into the drain conduit to the reservoir. 20 water return heating 128, until the water level in the storage cylinder decreases such that the ball float returns to its normal position sealing the open end 124 of the drain conduit preventing the escape of liquid refrigerant from the evaporator . In use, the reservoir of the water return heating 128 is heated by an electrical element in use which forces the water to percolate upwards into the water return pipe 130 which is emptied into the condenser 6. As will be appreciated, the water that is collected in the storage cylinder, 1J3_.d _ ^^ po dgr-_c _) __ s.ndrá-_. a quantity of dissolved ammonia gas. It will also be understood that the apparatus shown in Figure 3 can also be provided with a water return system 116. Flow diagrams illustrating the operation of the control system of the apparatus of Figure 8 are shown in Figures 9 to Figure 11. In this control system, the temperature sensor 102 has been omitted and the ambient air flow in contact cooling fins 22 of the evaporator has been varied to stop the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 104 at a temperature in a range from 4 ° C to 5 ° C. At the beginning of the appliance operation, the solution in each of the water tanks 128 the separation tank 64 and the heating tank 72 is heated from 90 ° C to 95 ° C by respective electric heating elements. The bias damper 108 is in a closed position and the fan 98 is put into operation at maximum speed. The temperature measured by the temperature sensor 104 is then measured at the interval of about 2 minutes and the fan speed is varied or the bias damper 108 is opened, in 10% increments until the temperature measured by the temperature detector is within the range of 4 ° C to 5 ° C. If with additional verification, the measured temperature drops below 4 ° C and the shock absorber of - 5 - ^ e_v_a ^ H_ >; n == _ 0 __- e-stá-a-biert &7-the-heating ^ _de_la, solution in the separation tank 64 is reduced in increments of 10% corresponding to a decrease of approximately 9 ° C each time. This reduces the rate of evaporation of the ammonia gas from the solution in the separation tank and 10 by this, the amount of ammonia gas that returns to the evaporator via the diffuser 32 of the evaporator 4 causing the temperature of the cooling fins 22 to rise. Alternatively, the speed of the fan 98 can be increased in order to raise the temperature measured by 15 the temperature detector 10. The temperature of the condensed liquid refrigerant and the pressure inside the condenser 6 are checked separately at intervals of approximately 2 minutes by the temperature sensor 112 and the pressure sensor 114. 20 If the determined pressure and temperature are not at predetermined levels to effect condensation of the refrigerant vapor in the condenser, the fan speed is increased in 10% increments or alternatively, the heating of the solution in the separation tank 64 25 is decreased in 10% increments, until the temperature and pressure measured by the temperature sensor 112 and the pressure sensor 114 are below the predetermined levels. For the combination of ammonia gas and isobutane coolant as used in the modalities -5 --- shown-in-the-figures, -3-y__ 8_, the., - pressure_ .in the condenser will generally be kept below 432 Kpa while the condensed liquid refrigerant temperature will be generally maintained below of 40.6 ° C. however, it will be appreciated that different temperature and pressure settings 10 will be required when the system gas and refrigerant other than ammonia gas and isobutane refrigerant are used. The energy to drive the electrical components of the apparatus implemented by the invention in such a way that 15 the fan 98 is preferably provided with electricity. However, instead of this or also, the apparatus can be provided with a solar panel comprising arrays of photovoltaic cells to provide sufficient electricity to satisfy all the energy requirements of the apparatus, 20 including all the requirements of the heating and operation of the fan 98 and control module 106. In this example, the apparatus will be commonly provided with one or more rechargeable batteries and a recharging circuit for recharging the battery or batteries using electric power 25 generated by the solar panel. Such recharging systems are well known in the art. Alternatively, a solar heating apparatus 132 with a tracking mechanism for tracking solar heat such as the type illustrated in Figure 12 and the _5_ __fig.ur_a -___ I3_ can, _.___ be used to provide heating to a water condensing apparatus implemented by the invention. The tracking mechanism comprises a scale 133 on which a parabolic reflector 136 is mounted. The scale incorporates a mounted frame 10 rotatably on a pedestal 138. The frame consists of hollow side tanks 140 approximately half full with a liquid refrigerant such as Freon and opposite end elements 142. The interiors of the tanks are connected together by means of the passage of a tube of 15 hollow power 144. A shadow panel 146 fits along each side tank to shade the corresponding tank from behind. A reflecting surface on a front side of each shadow panel reflects heat over the corresponding tank when the tank is facing the 20 sun The side tanks 140 are arranged in such a way that in use, a first of the tanks is exposed to the sun to a greater degree than the second of the tanks. As the first tank is heated by the sun, the The pressure in the tank is increased by creating a pressure differential between the tanks and the freon flows progressively from the first tank to the other through-feed pipe 144. As the freon flows to the second tank, the weight of the second tank is increased. returns more _5- _pesado__ ue the first-__, ___ el__bastidor jque causing the balance pivot about a pivot pin 134 and the reflector is moved in a westerly direction substantially synchronously with the movement of the sun. As shown more clearly in Figure 13, a flexible drive shaft is rotated about its longitudinal axis with rotation of the frame around the pivot pin. More specifically, the drive shaft 150 is secured at one end around the pivot pin 134 and 15 brings the reflector 136 to an opposite end. The opposite end of the drive shaft 150 is arranged to be substantially concentric with the longitudinal axis with the axis of the water condenser component to be heated. By this, the reflector 136 is rotated around the The component to be heated with rotation of the drive shaft 150. The rear reflective surface 148 of the reflector 136 is inclined in relation to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft. As the reflecting surface 25 above is inclined the focal length of the reflector varies from the top of the reflector to the bottom of the reflector. This allows the reflector to focus sunlight that hits the reflector on the component when it is heated when the sun is in different positions throughout the day. The component to be heated may comprise, for example, separation tank 64, heating tank 62 or return water heating tank 128. Alternatively, a combination of more than one of these may be heated. In the latter example, deposits can be arranged adjacent to each other to be heated by a reflector 136. appropriately dimensioning the end of the light period of the day when the sun's heat decreases, the pressure differential between the side tank 140 is reduced and the flow direction of the freon through the hollow tube 140 that connects to the tanks is reversed. The return of the freon to the first tank causes the weight of the tank to increase and the balance frame to pivot respectively around the pedestal in an opposite direction and thereby be progressively returned to its initial sunrise position. A conventional suitable shock absorber 134 connected in one to the frame and an end opposite the pedestal, is provided to inhibit the damping of the reflector by the wind. Commonly, the parabolic reflector 136 is sized to provide heating in excess of the required amount. The excess heat can be extracted and stored in heating benches for use when sunlight is reduced by clouds or during other periods of low sunlight availability such as in the setting of the sun. ._ excess heat in the heating banks for subsequent use may also allow a night cycle of the water condenser apparatus operating to obtain additional condensation of the water from the ambient air at night. As heat is generated by the apparatus of Figure 3 and Figure 8, instead of expelling the hot air passing from the condenser 6 into the atmosphere, the hot air can be used for general heating purposes. For example, hot air can be attracted to the 5 ducts by another fan, which directs hot air to one location or another space through another vent hole. Similarly, the cooled air passing from the fins 22 of the sideboard 4 can be used for general cooling purposes. For example, the cooled air 0 may be attracted to the conduits by a fan as explained above. Then the cooled air can be directed to additional ducts via a valve sailor type ejecting the cooled air to the condenser and / or other conduit port into a room or five space through a vent which may be the same or different from a ventilation hole through which hot air is expelled. The cooling of the condenser can be compensated by increasing the speed of the fan 98 or by opening the steering damper-108-to increase the flow of ambient air flowing in contact with the condenser. further, apart from collecting water from the ambient air for other purposes, the apparatus emented by the invention can be used as a dehumidifier to dehumidify silos or other interior spaces where it is desirable to minimize the water content of the air. Similarly, the apparatus can be used to separate water from locations such as inside pipes used to channel hydrophobic fluids such as oil or oils. In such applications, air can be extracted from the pipe or silo (s) before being returned to the silo or pipe (s) followed by water withdrawal by the apparatus. When a silo, (a wheat silo), is going to be dehumidified, the air can first be filtered to separate the dust from the air before the air comes into contact with the cooling fins of the appliance. Although the present invention has been described above with reference to a variety of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that numerous changes and modifications or possible without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Accordingly, the present embodiments described will be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. 5.- _-___, ___.-_ Eor_ example-, in-place-of a deviation damper 108, the apparatus of the invention can be provided with an adjustable valve to modulate the speed of ambient air passing to the condenser 6 In addition, a gas and a liquid refrigerant other than ammonium gas and isobutane 0 can be used. For example, other combinations of liquid gases and coolants that may be used include ammonia and propane gas, hydrogen chloride and propylene gas, ammonia gas and pentane, hydrogen chloride gas and isobutane and methylamine gas and isobutane. In addition, instead of using solar energy or electricity to provide heating, the heat of an external waste heat source such as a boiler, hot water engine or the heat of discharge of a cooling condenser or air conditioning 0 can be directed to the components that require heating such as the separation tank 64 via conduit (s) and the heating obtained by heat transfer contacts with the conduit (s). Similarly, embodiments of the invention can be provided without a fan to extract ambient air through the evaporator and / or to the condenser. In this example, the flow of ambient air through the box can be obtained by thermal convention currents as a result of the difference in temperature between the eyaporator and the external ambient air temperatures. It is noted that, with regard to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS Having described the invention as above, property is claimed as contained in the following 1. A method for collecting water from ambient air, characterized in that it comprises: providing at least one condensing surface to make contact with ambient air; passing a gas into an enclosed space containing a gaseous mixture of the gas and vapor of the refrigerant evaporated from a liquid refrigerant, in such a way that the vapor of the additional refrigerant evaporates into the confined space of the liquid refrigerant and by this heat is attracted to the refrigerant of the condensing surface that cools the condensing surface to the temperature or less than the dew point of the water in the ambient air; passing the gaseous mixture from the enclosed space; contact the cooled condensing surface with the ambient air to effect condensation of the ambient air water on the condensing surface and collect the condensed water. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises condensing the vapor of the refrigerant in the gas mixture which is passed from the enclosed space back to the liquid refrigerant to separate the vapor from the refrigerant of the gas, returning the gas from -the-mixture-gaseosa_al-_aapacÍJ ___ enclosed_to_generate more of the gaseous mixture and recirculate the condensed liquid refrigerant of the gas mixture. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the gaseous mixture is passed from the enclosed space in contact with a liquid absorbent that absorbs the gas from the gas mixture, thereby forming a solution and the gas is separated from the solution for the return of the gas to the enclosed space and recycling of the liquid absorbent for contact with more than the gas mixture. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the condensed liquid refrigerant of the gas mixture is recirculated concurrently with the passage of the gas to the enclosed space and the passage of the gaseous mixture from the enclosed space to the contact with the liquid absorbent , in such a way that the condensing surface is cooled in a continuous cycle. The method according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the liquid refrigerant is agitated as the gas is passed into the enclosed space. 6. The method of compliance with the claim 1, characterized in that the agitation of the liquid refrigerant is obtained by bubbling the gas through the liquid refrigerant to the enclosed space. The method according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it further comprises verifying the temperature of the ambient air flowing from the condensing surface and adjusting the flow velocity at which the ambient air flows into contact with the surface of condensation at a desired flow rate to promote the condensation of water from the ambient air on the condensing surface. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the ambient air is cooled by contact with the condensing surface and the cooled ambient air is used to cool the vapor. of the refrigerant in the gaseous mixture that is passed from the enclosed space, to facilitate the condensation of the refrigerant vapor back to the liquid refrigerant. 9. The method of compliance with the claim 2, characterized in that the vapor of the refrigerant is condensed in a condenser and the method further comprises adjusting the velocity of the ambient air flow flowing from the condensing surface to promote condensation of the refrigerant vapor. 10. The method according to claim 9 characterized in that the flow velocity of the ambient air flowing from the condensing surface is _5 set on, r __ __ __ __ __. the candlestick_of_the_fl.ujjo of_. ambient air that flows in contact with the condensing surface. 11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that it comprises verifying the speedGa. 10 of the ambient air flow flowing from the condensing surface to assess whether it needs to be adjusted to promote condensation of refrigerant vapor in the condenser, the verification comprises: measuring the pressure inside the condenser; 15 measure the temperature inside the condenser and determine the measured temperature and the measured pressure. 12. The method according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it is gas from 20 ammonia. The method according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the liquid refrigerant is isobutane. 14. An apparatus for collecting water from the ambient air, characterized in that it comprises: at least one condensing surface for contact with ambient air; an evaporator to receive the liquid refrigerant and define an enclosed space for a gaseous mixture of _rap_o__r__E? ige? ante_ ^ e aporado del, liquid refrigerant and a gas; an inlet in the evaporator for the passage of gas into space to cause additional evaporation of the liquid refrigerant to space, so that the heat is attracted to the liquid refrigerant of the condensing surface and the condensing surface is thereby cooled at a dew point temperature or a temperature lower than the dew point of the water in the ambient air to effect the condensation of the ambient air water on the condensing surface for water collection and an outlet for the passage of the mixture gas from space. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that it further comprises a separation system for separating the gas in the gas mixture from the refrigerant and condensing the vapor from the refrigerant back to the liquid refrigerant, for the return of the gas to the enclosed space. the evaporator and recycling of the liquid refrigerant to the evaporator. 16. The apparatus in accordance with the claim 15, characterized in that the separation system comprises a condenser for receiving the gaseous mixture from the evaporator and condensing the vapor of the refrigerant in the gas mixture back to the liquid refrigerant, the condenser is adapted to receive the liquid absorbent and facilitate the contact of the mixture gaseous with the liquid absorbent for the absorption of the gas to the liquid absorbent to form a solution and by this separating the gas from the vapor of the refrigerant. 17. The apparatus in accordance with the claim 16, characterized in that in use, the condenser houses a bath comprising a layer of the liquid refrigerant and a layer of the solution and the condenser is adapted to receive the gaseous mixture for contacting the gas mixture with the liquid absorbent to form the solution , before the solution passes to the bathroom. 18. The apparatus in accordance with the claim 17, characterized in that the liquid refrigerant has a lower density than the solution and the solution is separated from the liquid refrigerant layer to the solution layer. The apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that it further comprises a mixing unit arranged within the condenser for receiving the liquid absorbent, wherein the mixing unit is adapted to create a flow of the liquid absorbent on a surface of the unit. mixer to facilitate the contact of the gas with the liquid absorbent. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the mixing unit has an open cavity for receiving the liquid absorbent and providing the flow of the liquid absorbent through the surface of the mixing unit with the overflow of the liquid absorbent from the cavity. The apparatus according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the mixing unit is adapted to promote turbulence in the liquid absorbent as the liquid absorbent flows over the surface of the mixing unit to improve absorption of the gas by the absorbent liquid. 22. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the mixing unit is mounted on arranged supports within the condenser to maintain the mixing unit in a substantially vertical position. 23. The apparatus according to any of claims 16 to 22, characterized in that the separation system further includes a separation tank for evaporating the gas from the liquid absorbent, the separation tank comprising: a housing; an inlet for the passage of the liquid absorbent to the housing, the gas evaporates from the liquid absorbent within the housing and an outlet for the return of the evaporated gas from the _5 liquid absorbent _alvaporator .. 24. The apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that the separation tank is adapted to be heated to facilitate evaporation of gas from the liquid absorbent. The apparatus according to any of claims 16 to 24, characterized in that it further comprises a pump system for raising the liquid absorbent to an elevated position for the flow of the liquid absorbent to the condenser for further contact of the gaseous mixture. of the evaporator, the pump system comprises: a heating tank for receiving the liquid absorbent and which is heated to cause the liquid absorbent to be forced into the heating tank; 20 a riser tube for receiving the liquid absorbent from the heating tank after the heating tank is heated and a collection tank arranged in the raised position and which the tube is opened for collection of the 25 liquid absorbent; the collection tank is adapted for the passage of the liquid absorber from the collection tank to the condenser. 26. The apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that the collection tank has a first outlet for the passage of the liquid absorber from the collection tank to the condenser, an interior space for receiving the gas together with the absorbent vapor which is It evaporates from the liquid absorber traveling along the riser tube and an additional outlet for the passage of the gas separated from the liquid absorbent from the collection tank to the evaporator. 27. The apparatus according to any of claims 16 to 26, characterized in that it comprises a control system for controlling the velocity of the ambient air flow in contact with the condensing surface. The control system comprises: a temperature detector for determining the ambient air temperature flowing from the condensing surface, the control system is adapted to verify the temperature determined by the temperature detector and adjust the velocity of the ambient air flow flowing in contact with the condensing surface to promote the condensation of ambient air water on the condensing surface. The apparatus according to claim 27, characterized in that it is adapted to direct the ambient air flowing from the condensing surface to the condenser and wherein the control system further includes an adjustable air intake operable to adjust the flow rate of the air ^ environment flowing from the condensing surface to the condenser in relation to the flow velocity of the ambient air flowing in contact with the condensing surface, thereby altering the temperature and pressure inside the condenser to promote vapor condensation of the refrigerant. 29. The apparatus in accordance with the claim 28, characterized in that the control system further includes a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature in the condenser and a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure inside the condenser and the control system is further adapted to determine the temperature measured by the detector of Temperature and pressure measured by the pressure detector and put into operation the adjustable air intake to alter the flow velocity of the ambient air flowing to the condenser. 30. The apparatus according to any of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that the gas is ammonia gas. 31. The apparatus according to any of claims 14 to 30, characterized in that the liquid refrigerant is iso-butane. 32. An evaporator for effecting the condensation of water from the ambient air, characterized in that it comprises: at least one condensation surface for contact with ambient air; a housing for receiving the liquid refrigerant and having an enclosed interior space and having a gaseous mixture of refrigerant vapor evaporated from the liquid refrigerant and a gas; an entry for the passage of gas into space, to cause the additional evaporation of the liquid refrigerant to the enclosed space, in such a way that the heat is attracted to the liquid refrigerant of the condensing surface and by this the condensing surface is cooled to a temperature of or less than the dew point of the water in the ambient air to effect the condensation of the water of the ambient air on the condensing surface for the water collection and an outlet for the passage of the gaseous mixture of the enclosed space. The evaporator according to claim 32, characterized in that the or each condensing surface is a surface of a cooling fin respectively and the evaporator housing comprises: an upper region for receiving the gas mixture of the gas and the refrigerant vapor; a lower region to be filled at least partially with the liquid refrigerant and which is spaced from the upper region and at least one conduit that opens at one end to the upper region of the housing and at an opposite end to the lower region and wherein the or each cooling fin is arranged between the upper region and the lower region for contact with ambient air. 34. The evaporator according to claim 33, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of the cooling fins, the cooling fins are spaced apart from each other and arranged close together for contact with ambient air. 35. A method for separating a gas from a vapor of refrigerant in a gas mixture, characterized in that it comprises: providing a condenser adapted to condense the refrigerant vapor into liquid refrigerant, the condenser houses a mixing unit to receive a liquid absorbent to absorb the gas and which is adapted to facilitate contact of the liquid absorbent with the gas mixture; passing the gaseous mixture to the condenser to effect the condensation of the refrigerant vapor and passing the liquid absorber to the unit The mixer, whereby the liquid absorbent is brought into contact with the gas mixture, in such a way that the gas is absorbed into the liquid absorbent forming a solution of the liquid absorbent and the gas. 36. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the gas comprises ammonia gas. 37. The method according to claim 35 or 36, characterized in that the liquid refrigerant is isobutane. 38. A condenser for separating a gas from a vapor 15 of refrigerant in a gaseous mixture, the condenser is characterized in that it comprises: a housing for receiving the gas mixture and condensing the refrigerant vapor to liquid refrigerant and a mixing unit disposed within the In order to receive a liquid absorber for absorbing the gas to form a solution of the gas and liquid absorbent, the mixing unit is adapted to facilitate contact of the gas mixture with the liquid absorbent. 39. A mixing unit for mixing a gas with a liquid absorber for absorbing gas from a gas mixture of gas and a vapor for refrigerant to separate gas and vapor from the refrigerant, the mixing unit is characterized in that it comprises: a mixing body to receive the liquid absorbent and facilitate the contact of the gas mixture with the liquid absorbent for the absorption of the gas, the mixing body is adapted to facilitate the contact of the gas mixture with the liquid absorbent. 40. A method for providing heating of an apparatus during the operation of the apparatus, characterized in that it comprises: passing a gas to an enclosed space containing a gaseous mixture of the gas and vapor of refrigerant evaporated from a liquid refrigerant, in such a way that the vapor of the refrigerant also evaporates in the confined space of the liquid refrigerant; passing the gaseous mixture from the enclosed space to a condenser to condense the refrigerant vapor in the gas mixture back to liquid refrigerant; return the gas from the gaseous mixture to the enclosed space; recirculate the condensed liquid refrigerant from the gaseous mixture for evaporation to the enclosed space and extract heat from the condenser to provide the heat. 41. The method according to claim 40, characterized in that it further comprises: contacting the liquid absorbent with the gas mixture, in the condenser so that the gas is absorbed from the gaseous mixture in the liquid absorbent to form a gas. solution; passing the solution of the condenser and separating the gas from the liquid absorber to the solution that was passed from the condenser for the return of the gas to the enclosed space and recycling the liquid absorbent from the contact with more than the gas mixture. 42. A method for providing cooling of an apparatus during the operation of the apparatus, characterized in that it comprises: providing at least one cooling surface for contact with ambient air; passing a gas to an enclosed space containing a gaseous mixture of gas and vapor from the refrigerant evaporated from a liquid refrigerant, in such a way that the vapor of the refrigerant evaporates into the confined space of the liquid refrigerant and through this, heat is extracted to the liquid refrigerant of the cooling surface cooling the cooling surface; passing the gaseous mixture from the enclosed space; contact the cooled cooling surface with the ambient air to effect cooling of the ambient air and use the cooled ambient air to provide cooling. 43. The method according to claim 42, characterized in that the gaseous mixture is passed from the enclosed space to a condenser to condense the vapor of the refrigerant in the gas mixture back to the liquid refrigerant and where the gas in the gas mixture is returned to the enclosed space and the condensed liquid refrigerant of the refrigerant vapor is recirculated for evaporation to the enclosed space. 44. The method according to claim 43, characterized in that it further comprises: passing a liquid absorbent in contact with the gas mixture in the condenser, in such a way that the gas is absorbed from the gas mixture to the liquid absorbent to form a solution; passing the solution of the condenser and separating the gas from the liquid absorbent in the solution that is passed from the condenser for the return of the gas to the enclosed space and recycling the liquid absorbent from the contact with more than the gas mixture. 45. A solar heating device for providing solar heating, characterized in that it comprises: at least one pair of tanks spaced apart to be differentially heated by solar heat from the sun and which are pivotable about a pivot axis, one or both of the tanks It is partially filled with a coolant; at least one conduit for the passage of the refrigerant from one reservoir to the other reservoir, after one reservoir is heated by solar heat in relation to the other reservoir and the return of the refrigerant to a reservoir after the other reservoir is cooled in relation to the reservoir. the other reservoir, the pair of reservoirs are pivoted about the pivot axis in one direction with the passage of the refrigerant from one reservoir to the other reservoir and in an opposite direction with the return of the refrigerant to the other reservoir and a reflector to reflect the solar heat on an object to be heated, the reflector is arranged to rotate about an axis of rotation in a first direction to substantially maintain the reflection of solar heat on the object with the pivoting of the pair of reservoirs around the pivot axis in one direction and which is rotating around the axis of rotation in an opposite direction as the pair of reservoirs are pivoted in the direction n opposite around the pivot axis.