RU2004719C1 - Installation for obtaining fresh water from atmospheric air - Google Patents

Abstract

Use, water supply SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: A plant for producing fresh water from atmospheric air is equipped with a recirculation heat exchanger connected to a cooling system. The refrigeration machine is made of lithium bromide with a solar water heater and an absorber connected to a cooling system, and the duct is installed vertically and the lower end it is bent upward with the formation of a nozzle, with a recirculating heat exchanger installed in the nozzle of the duct 1 sludge.

Description

The invention relates to water supply and relates to the construction of an autonomous installation for producing water from atmospheric air, mainly in arid and anhydrous regions.

A known installation for producing water from moist air, comprising an air duct for passing dehydrated air therein, with an evaporator and a condenser of a refrigeration unit installed in series in its channel.

However, it is structurally complex - it is designed to work with a compressor refrigeration unit, and its operability depends on the presence of a wind flow in the atmosphere. Without wind energy, it does not provide the release of water from atmospheric air.

A known apparatus for producing fresh water from air is provided, comprising a vertical duct for conveying drained air from bottom to top.

However, its performance mainly depends on the severity of weather in the area of operation of the installation, the degree of difference in air temperature during the day and at night, i.e. from natural factors. As a result, the performance of the installation is very unstable and inefficient.

A device for producing water from air is known, comprising a vertical duct for transporting drained air therein from top to bottom. Its disadvantage is that the condensation of water vapor is carried out due to the natural ash content of the underground adits, which is characterized by low productivity, but at high capital costs for construction. An increase in the productivity of such plants is usually achieved by switching from natural condensation of water vapor from air to artificially carried out condensation processes using refrigeration technology. Known absorption bromistolite refrigeration unit.

The constructive implementation of individual units included in the installations is also known, such as a solar water heater (see the book Physics in Agriculture, M. Ya. Kuprin, M., Education, 1977, p. 89), or a fresh water outlet unit her drive.

The aim of the invention is to stabilize the uniformity of the process for extracting water from air and thereby increase its productivity.

This is achieved by the fact that the lower end of the channel of the vertical duct is made in the form of a deployed pipe, mainly with the mouth upward. It is equipped with a recycling heat exchanger of the water-circulation line for cooling the absorber and condenser of the absorption bromine-lithium refrigeration unit. And its top, the inlet mouth of the vertical duct, is equipped

0 Evaporator absorption bromistolitievoy refrigeration unit. Such equipping the vertical inlet and outlet thermocouples allows, on the one hand, the dehydrated

5 to cool the air at the very beginning of the movement, which increases its density and weight, i.e. the gravitational component of the pulse of air movement in the duct from top to bottom, and thereby increases its speed

0 through the duct, and on the other hand, utilize part of the cold from the dried air leaving the duct and direct its flow again to the process of cooling the dehydrated air. On the

Figure 5 shows the proposed installation. Installation for fresh water from atmospheric air contains a vertical duct 1 for supplying dehydrated air, the lower end of the channel

0 which is made in the form of a deployed pipe 2. Its turning angle can be from 90 to 180 °. But proceeding from the conditions of maintaining the density of the flow moving along the duct channel, which affects

5, heat exchange processes and a turn of the pipe channel are recommended to be performed at 180 ° (i.e., the outflowing mouth of the pipe 2 is directed upward). Inlet upper mouth 3 of vertical duct 1

0 is equipped with an evaporator 4 of an absorption bromine-lithium refrigeration unit, which in turn consists of a generator 5, a solar water heater 6, a vapor condenser of liquid refrigerant 7, an absorber

5 8, filled with concentrated bromostolithium solution and, a container 9 for accumulating water, utilizing cold from the dried air leaving the pipe 2. This tank 9 is equipped with a water circulation line, including a pipe 10 that goes to the heat exchanger 11 of the absorber 8, a pipe 12 - to the heat exchanger 13 of the condenser 7 and the pipe 14 - to the utilization heat exchanger 15,

5 with which the mouth of the pipe 2 of the duct 1 is equipped, after which the water circulation on the highway is closed to the tank 9 by the pipe 16.

Refrigerant vapor condenser 7, through line 1 7 connected through throttle

a valve 18 with an evaporator 4, the outlet of which for dry saturated refrigerant vapor is connected by a pipe 19 to an absorber 8.

In turn, the latter for circulation of the bromide-lithium solution for its generation is connected to a generator 5, a supply pipe 20 with a throttle valve 21 and a discharge pipe 22. The generator, 5 and the condenser 7 are connected to each other to bypass the vapor phase of the refrigerant , steam line 23. In order to collect the released fresh water in the lower part, the pipeline 1 has a perforated wall and is equipped with a water collector 24 with its outlet through the valve 25.

Due to the inconsistency of the natural gradient of the partial pressure of the water peer both in the air and on the condensing surface, it may be necessary to increase the height of the upper mouth 3 of the duct 1, in this case, in order to guarantee the operability of the installation on the return pipe electric pumps 26 can be used for the water of the solar water heater, pipelines 10, 17, 22. It is advisable to supply them with electricity under conditions of autonomy from a gel lekt- rostantsy (conventionally not shown).

The installation works as follows.

From the solar hot water heater 6, hot water enters the generator 5 of the absorption bromide-lithium refrigeration unit, where it contacts a lithium bromide solution through a heat exchanger, part of the water evaporates from it. Its pairs are sent through a steam line 23 to a condenser

7, where they condense to the liquid phase. This fluid under pressure through the pipe 17 and the throttle valve 18 enters

to the evaporator 4, where, after the pressure is reduced by the throttle valve, it evaporates intensively, cooling the walls of the evaporator. Then, saturated vapors of water from the evaporator 4 are discharged via line 19 to the absorber

8. where they are actively absorbed by the concentrated lithium bromide solution coming from the generator 7 through the pipeline 20 with valve 21. The lithium bromide solution cooled by the heat exchanger 11 is returned through the pipeline

22 to the generator 5 of the cold installation. The cooling of the condenser 7 and the absorber 8 is carried out with cold water stored in a storage tank 9 and circulating in a closed circuit, including a pipe 10, an absorber's heat exchanger 11, a pipe 12, a condenser heat exchanger 13, a pipe 14, a waste heat exchanger 15 and a drain pipe 16,

The external dehydrated air, in contact with the cold walls of the evaporator 4, is cooled to a temperature below the dew point and, separating water in the form of mist droplets, condensing under the influence of the gravitational field of the earth, rushes down along the channel 1, leaving condensate on its walls . The latter, stacking down through the perforated bottom wall, seeps into the water collector 24, where it accumulates. Water for use is dispensed through valve 25.

The dried air at the end of the movement through the pipeline 1 flows into the expanded pipe 2, where, in contact with the utilization heat exchanger 15, it releases its cold water, which is subsequently cooled by the absorber 8 (11) and condenser 7 (13), and discharged into the atmosphere. The rate of circulation of atmospheric air depends on the cooling capacity of the absorption bromide-lithium refrigeration unit, which in turn is determined by solar radiation. The higher it is, the more cold is produced, and therefore, the higher the rate of circulation of the dehydrated air stream and the more moisture released.

Thus, the proposed apparatus for producing fresh water from atmospheric air makes it possible to artificially create conditions for the condensation of water vapor in combination with their optimum with specific values of air humidity and solar radiation in a given area of operation of the plant. This increases the uniformity of the process of extracting water during daylight hours, which ultimately increases the stability of the installation, provides its maximum possible performance.

(56) Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 1484886, cl. E 03 B 3/28, 1986.

Claims (1)

Formula of the invention INSTALLATION FOR PRODUCING FRESH WATER FROM ATMOSPHERIC AIR, comprising an air duct with a refrigerating machine evaporator, a refrigerating machine condenser, a cooling circulating system connected to the condenser, and a fresh water collector, characterized in that it is provided recirculation heat exchanger connected to the cooling system, while the refrigeration machine is made of lithium bromide with solar water heating body and with an absorber connected to the cooling system, and the duct is installed vertically and its lower end is bent up to form a pipe, and the recirculation heat exchanger installed in the duct pipe.