MXPA06000510A

MXPA06000510A - Plant growth regulation.

Info

Publication number: MXPA06000510A
Application number: MXPA06000510A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Edward Charles Kostansek
Original assignee: Rohm & Haas
Priority date: 2005-01-14
Filing date: 2006-01-12
Publication date: 2006-07-13
Also published as: CN1802918A; KR20060083146A; TW200640371A; AU2005242218A1; EP2070419A1; KR100794199B1; JP2006193524A; US20060160704A1; EP1680960A1; BRPI0600157A

Abstract

Provided is a method for treating a plant comprising contacting said plant with at least one composition (i) comprising at least one cyclopropene and contacting said non-citrus plant with at least one composition (ii) comprising at least one plant growth regulator that is not a cyclopropene. Further provided is a liquid composition suitable for treating plants comprising at least one cyclopropene, at least one plant growth regulator that is not a cyclopropene, and one or more further ingredients selected from the group consisting of metal complexing agents, surfactants, hydrocarbon oils, and alcohols.

Description

REGULATOR OF PLANT GROWTH BACKGROUND Plants are often treated by their contact with compositions, in order to achieve a variety of useful results. For example, L pit et al (Journ. Amer. Soc. PRI, Sci. Vol.129, No. 4, pages 473-478, 2004) report that spray solutions containing an abscission agent and 1- methyl-cyclopropene, are applied to citrus trees, and these citrus trees treated showed a low fruit release force and also showed low levels of abscission of the leaves. However, other treatments are convenient than the specific combination of the abscission agent with 1-methyl-cyclopropene. Also treatments for non-citrus plants are desired. Additionally, treatments that improve crop yield, improve crop quality or improve both quality and yield are desired.

EXPOSITION OF THE INVENTION In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for treating a non-citrus plant, comprising contacting said non-citrus plant with at least one composition (i) comprising at least one cyclopropene and the contacting of said non-citrus plant with at least one composition (ii) comprising at least one plant growth regulator, which is not a cyclopropene. In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid composition suitable for treating plants, comprising at least one cyclopropene, at least one plant growth regulator, which is not a cyclopropene and one or more other ingredients, selected from the group consisting of complex metal agents, hydrocarbon oils and alcohols. In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for treating a plant, comprising contacting said plant with at least one composition (i) comprising at least one cyclopropene and contacting said plant with at least one composition (iv) comprising at least one plant growth regulator, which is not a cyclopropene, and is not an abscission agent. In a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid composition, suitable for the treatment of plants, comprising at least one cyclopropene, at least one plant growth regulator, which is not a cxclopropene, and which is not a abscission agent, and one or more other ingredients, selected from the group consisting of complex metal agents, surfactants, hydrocarbon oils and alcohols.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION The practice of the present invention involves the use of one or more cyclopropenes. As used herein, "cxclopropene" means any compound with the formula: where R is hydrogen or a group, substituted or unsubstituted, of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, phenyl or naphthyl, where the substituents, when present, are, independently, halogen, alkoxy or phenoxy, substituted or unsubstituted. Any compound that is not yet cxclopropene is referred to herein as a "non-cxclopropene" compound. In some modalities, R does not have a double bond. Independently, in some modalities, R has no triple link. Independently, in some embodiments, R does not have substituents that are ionic. Independently, in some embodiments, R is not capable of generating oxygen compounds. In some embodiments of the invention, R is alkyl (QL-CIO). In other embodiments R is (Ci-C8) alkyl or (Cx-C) alkyl or methyl. When R is methyl, the cyclopropene is known herein as "1-MCP" The cyclopropenes applicable in this invention can be prepared by any method. Some suitable methods of preparing the cyclopropenes are the processes described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,618,988 and 6,017,849. Plants and parts of plants are subjected to various biological processes, such as, for example, growth, maturation, senescence, abscission and degradation. The alteration of biological processes in plants or parts of plants by contact with one or more chemical compositions, is known as regulation of plant growth. The chemical compositions that cause the regulation of the growth of plants are known here as "plant growth regulators". A regulator of plant growth can alter or improve the process such as, for example, accelerating or increasing the process); inhibit it (such as, for example, slowing down or slowing down the process) by initiating it, or by a combination thereof. The alteration of the biological process or processes in plants or parts of plants, caused by one or more plant growth regulators is known here as the "plant response". The practice of the present invention involves the use of at least one planar growth regulator, which is not a cyclopropene. Any compound that is effective as a regulator of plant growth and is not a cyclopropene is adequate. Some examples of suitable classes of plant growth regulators, which are not cyclopropenes, are as follows: (I) Ethylene, ethylene release agents, not cyclopropene, and non-cyclopropene compounds, with higher ethylene activity. Suitable ethylene releasing agents include, for example, 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon), abscisic acid, and other non-cyclopropene compounds that act in a similar manner, to affect abscission. Suitable compounds with high ethylene activity include, for example, aliphatic hydrocarbons with or without one or more halogen atoms attached, such as, for example, alkyl or alkenyl compounds, having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, which may or may not have a halogen atom attached. Some examples of compounds with high ethylene activity are propylene, vinyl chloride, carbon monoxide, acetylene, 1-butene and other non-cyclopropene compounds with high ethylene activity. Also suitable are the non-cyclopropene compounds which are progenitors of compounds with high ethylene activity. (II) Non-cyclopropene compounds, which inhibit the synthesis of ethylene or the action of the ethylene receptor site or both. Suitable examples include non-cyclopropene compounds that contain active metal ions (such as, for example, silver ions or other metal ions). Other suitable examples include rare amino acids that inhibit the synthesis of ethylene, such as, for example, aminoethoxyvinylglycine and aminoxyacetic acid. (III) Non-cyclopropene compounds with cytosine activity. Suitable examples include non-cyclopropene compounds with the purine structure, such as, for example, benzyl-adenine, kinetin, zeatin, adenine, dihydrozeatin, tetrahydropyranylbenzyl adenine, dimethylalyladenine, methylthiozeatin and ethoxyethyladenine. Other suitable examples include non-cyclopropene compounds without the purine structure, such as, for example, benzylaminobenzimidazole, chlorophenyl phenylurea, benzothiozolioxyacetic acid, and fluorophenyl biuret compounds that elicit the cytosine response. (IV) Auxins not of cyclopropane. Suitable examples include indoleacetic acid, indolpropionic acid, indole butyric acid, naphthalene acetic acid, beta-naphthoxyacetic acid, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichloro-oxyacetic acid, trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, trichlorobenzoic acid and amino-3, 5, 6 trichloropicolinic (V) Gibberellins. Suitable gibberellins include, for example, GA2, GC3, GA4, GA5, GA7 and GA8, which have variably substituted gibberellin backbone structures. Other suitable examples include the non-cyclopropene compounds which show the gibberellin-like activity, such as, for example, helminthosporic acid, phaseolic acid, kaurenoic acid and steviol. (VI) Cofactors and inhibitors of IAA oxidase. Suitable examples include the non-cyclopropene phenolic inhibitors, which are phenylalanine intermediates or tyrosine pathways, including, for example, chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, quercitin, caffeic acid, and other phenolic inhibitors, which are not cyclopropene .

(VII) Secondary growth inhibitors, not cyclopropene, including, natural growth hormones, not cyclopropene. Suitable natural growth hormones, not cyclopropene, include those derived from, for example, for example, methyl jasmonate. (VIII) Natural growth hormones, not cyclopropene. Suitable natural growth hormones, not cyclopropene, include those derived from, for example, seaweed, algae and bacteria. In some modalities, which use natural growth hormones, not cyclopropene, the hormones are used in an unpurified form. In some embodiments, one or more compositions of the present invention include at least one ionic reagent that forms complexes. An ionic reagent that forms complexes interacts with a cyclopropene to form a complex, which is stable in water. Some ionic reagents, which form complexes, suitable, for example, include the lithium ion. In some embodiments, the ionic reagent that forms complexes is used.

In some embodiments, no composition of the present invention includes any molecular encapsulating reagent. In other embodiments, one or more compositions of the present invention include at least one molecule encapsulating agent. When a molecular encapsulating agent is used, suitable molecular encapsulating agents include, for example, inorganic molecular encapsulating agents. Suitable organic molecular encapsulating agents include, for example, substituted cyclodextrins, unsubstituted cyclodextrins and crown ethers. Mixtures of molecular encapsulating agents are also appropriate. In some embodiments of the invention, the encapsulating agent is a cyclodextrin (oc-CD), β-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments of the invention, particularly when the cyclopropene is 1-methylcyclopropene, the encapsulating agent is an o-cyclodextrin. The preferred encapsulating agent will vary depending on the size of the R group. However, as will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, any cyclodextrin mixture of the cyclodextrins, cyclodextrin polymers, modified cyclodextrins, or mixtures thereof may also be used in accordance with the present invention. . Cyclodextrins are available from Wacker Biochem Inc. Adrián MI or Cerestar USA, Hammond, IND, as well as from other vendors. In some of the embodiments in which a molecular encapsulating agent is present, at least one molecular encapsulating agent encapsulates one or more cyclopropenes. A cyclopropene or a substituted cyclopropene molecule, encapsulated in a molecule of a molecular encapsulating agent, is referred to herein as a "cyclopropene molecular encapsulating agent complex". These complexes of the cyclopropene molecular encapsulating agent can be prepared by any means. In a method of preparation, for example, such complexes are prepared by contacting the cyclopropene with an aqueous solution or paste of the molecular encapsulating agent and then isolating the complex, using, for example, the processes described in U.S. Pat. , No. 6,017,849. For example, in a method of masking a complex in which 1-MCP is encapsulated in a molecular encapsulating agent, the 1-MCP gas is bubbled through a solution of the a-cyclodextrin in the water, from the which complex first precipitates and play is isolated by filtration. In some embodiments, the complexes are obtained by the above method and, after isolation, they are stored and stored in solid form, for example as a powder, for further addition to useful compositions. In some embodiments, one or more molecular encapsulating agents and one or more cyclopropenes are both present in a composition. In some such embodiments, the amount of the molecular encapsulating agent can be usefully characterized by the ratio of moles of the molecular encapsulating agent to the moles of the cyclopropane. In some modalities, the ratio of the moles of the molecular encapsulating agent to the mole of the cyclopropene is 0.1 or greater, or 0.2 or greater, or 0.5 or greater, or 0.9 or greater. Independently, in some such embodiments, the ratio of moles of the molecular encapsulating agent to the moles of the cyclopropene is 2 or less, or 1.5 or less. The present invention involves the use of at least one composition (i) containing at least one cyclopropene. It is considered that the composition (i) can be solid, liquid, gas or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the only materials in the composition (i) are one or more cyclopropenes. In other embodiments, composition (i) contains (in addition to at least one cyclopropene) at least one compound that is not a cyclopropene. In embodiments in which the composition (i) contains two or more compounds, this composition (i) can be a mixture, a solution, a dispersion such as, for example, a suspension, an emulsion, a mieroemulsion, or a mini-emulsion) or their combinations. The present invention involves the use of at least one composition (ii) that contains at least one plant growth regulator that is not a cyclopropene. It is considered that the composition (ii) may contain a solid, liquid, gas or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the only materials in the composition (ii) are one or more growth regulators of the plants, which are not cyclopropenes. In other embodiments, composition (ii) contains (in addition to at least one compound that regulates the growth of plants, which is not a cyclopropene) at least one compound that is not a growth regulator of plants that is not a cyclopropene . In embodiments in which the composition (ii) contains two or more compounds, this composition (ii) can be a mixture, a solution, a dispersion (such as, for example, a suspension, an emulsion, a microemulsion or a mini-emulsion) or their combinations. In some embodiments, at least one composition (ii) is used that or has an abscission agent, such composition (ii) is labeled here as a composition (iv).

In some embodiments, at least one composition (ii) is used that does not contain at least one abscission agent. In addition, modalities in which more than one composition is used are considered. (ii), possibly including at least one composition (iv) and at least one composition (contains at least one abscission agent) In some embodiments, at least one composition (iii) is used, which is both a composition (i) and a composition (ii), that is, a composition (iii) is defined herein as a composition containing at least one cyclopropene and at least one growth regulator of the plants, which is not a cyclopropene. Independently, in such embodiments, at least one composition (i) is used, which does not contain a growth regulator of the plants other than a cyclopropene. Independently, in some embodiments, at least one composition (ii) is used, which is not a cyclopropene. In the practice of the present invention, composition (i) and composition (ii) may be in contact with the plant in a variety of ways. For example, if a composition (iii) is used it may be solid, liquid, a gas, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments (here called "multiple contact" modalities), a plant is contacted with at least two separate compositions. One of the separate compositions will be a composition (i) (which can, optionally, be a composition (iii)), and at least one of the separate compositions will be a composition (ii) (which can, independently, be a composition (iii)). In some multi-contact embodiments, a composition (i) of the separate compositions is a gas, and a composition (ii) of the separate compositions is a gas. Independently, in some multi-contact embodiments a composition (ii) of the separate compositions is a gas, and a composition (ii) of the separate compositions is a liquid composition. Independently, in some multi-contact embodiments, a composition (i) of the separate compositions is a liquid composition and a composition (ii) of the separate compositions is a liquid composition. It is considered that the treatment of a plant can be carried out by contacting the plant with at least one composition (i) and with at least one composition (ii) in any order, including simultaneously. In some embodiments, a plant is contacted with at least one composition (i) and the same plant is contacted for the last time with at least one composition (i). In some embodiments, a plant is contacted with at least one composition (i) and at least one composition (ii) simultaneously. In some embodiments, a plant is contacted with at least one composition (ii) and the same plant is contacted with the last time with at least one composition (i). In some embodiments, a plant is contacted with at least one composition (iii). In any of the above modalities, subsequent contacts may be made, optionally, before, during or after the listing, using any one or more of the following: additional composition (i), additional composition (ii), composition (iii), other composition or any combination of them. In some embodiments, a plant is contacted with at least one composition (i) which is a gas. In such embodiments, it is considered that the plant to be treated will be surrounded by a normal ambient atmosphere (at about the pressure of one atmosphere) to which composition (i) has been added. In some embodiments, the concentration of cyclopropene is 0.1 nl / 1 (ie, nanoliter per liter) or greater; or 1 nl / 1 or greater, or 10 nl / 1 or greater, or 100 nl / 1 or greater. Independently, in some embodiments, the concentration of the cyclopropene is 3,000 nl / 1 or less, or 1,000 nl / 1 or less.

In some embodiments, a plant is contacted with at least one composition (ii) which is a gas. Among such modalities, it is considered that the plant to be treated will be surrounded by a normal ambient atmosphere (at approximately atmospheric pressure) to which the composition (ii) has been added. In some embodiments, the concentration of the plant growth regulator, which is not a cyclopropane, is 0.1 nl / 1 or greater, or 1 nl / 1 or greater, or 10 nl / 1 or greater, or 100 nl / 1 or greater. Independently, in some embodiments, the concentration of the cyclopropene is 3,000 nl / 1 or less, or 1,000 nl / 1 or less. In some embodiments, the practice of the present invention involves one or more liquid compositions. In some embodiments, the liquid compositions are liquid at 25 ° C. In some embodiments, the liquid compositions are liquid at the temperature at which the composition for treating plants is used. Because the plants are often treated outside any building, the plants can be treated at temperatures ranging from 1 ° C to 45 ° C; Suitable liquid compositions do not need to be liquid throughout that range, but it is suitable that these compositions are liquid at a temperature of 1 ° C to 45 ° C.

A liquid composition can be a simple pure substance, or it can contain more than one substance. If the liquid composition contains more than one substance, that liquid composition can be a solution or a dispersion or its combinations. If in the liquid composition a substance is dispersed another substance in the form of a dispersion, this dispersion can be of any type, including, for example, a suspension, a latex, an emulsion, a mini-emulsion, a microemulsion, or any of your combinations In the practice of the present invention, when a composition (i) is used and is a liquid composition, such composition (i) is referred to herein as "LCP". When a composition (ii) is used and is a liquid composition, such composition (ii) is referred to herein as nLPGR °. When composition (iii) is used and is a liquid composition, such composition (iii) is referred to herein as "LBOTH". In some embodiments of the present invention, the treatment of a plant is carried out by contacting the plant with a simple liquid composition, which is an LBOTH. In some embodiments (herein referred to as "multiple liquid contact" modalities), the treatment of a plant includes the contact of the plant with more than one liquid composition.In some embodiments of multiple liquid contact, at least one of the liquid compositions is a LBOTH and the remaining liquid composition or compositions may be any one or more of the following: an LCP, an LPGR, an LBOTH, a liquid composition other than an LCP, LPGR or LBOTH, or any combination thereof. multiple liquid contact modalities, at least one composition is an LCP and at least one liquid composition is an LPGR, and any remaining liquid composition (used) can be any one or more of any of the following: an LCP, an LPGR, an LBOTH, a liquid composition that is a LCP, LPGR, or LBOTH, or any combination thereof, Among modalities in which at least one LCP is used, the amount of the cyclopro The PCL may vary widely, depending on the type of composition and the method of intended use. In some embodiments, the amount of the cyclopropene in the LCP based on the total weight of the LCP is 4% by weight or less, or of 1% by weight or less, or 0.5% by weight or less, or 0.05% by weight or less. Independently, in some embodiments, the amount of the cyclopropene, based on the total weight of the LCP is 0.000001% by weight or more, or 0.00001% by weight or more, or 0.0001% by weight or more, or 0.001% by weight. % by weight or more.

Among the embodiments of the present invention, which use at least one LCP containing water, the amount of the cyclopropene can be characterized as parts per million (ie parts by weight of the cyclopropene per 1,000,000 parts by weight of water in the LCP, "ppm ") or as parts per billion (ie parts by weight of cyclopropene per 1, 000, 000,000 gears by weight of water in the LCP," ppb "), In some modalities, the amount of the cyclopropene is 1 ppb or may; or 0 ppb or greater, or 100 ppb or greater. Independently, in some embodiments, the amount of the cyclopropene is 10,000 ppm or less, or 1000 ppm or less. In some embodiments, at least one LCP is used, in which some or all of the cyclopropene is encapsulated in one or more encapsulating agents. Independently, in some embodiments, at least one LBOTH is used in which some or all of the cyclopropene is encapsulated in one or more encapsulating agents. Among the modalities in which at least one LPGR is used, the amount of plant growth regulator that is not a cyclopropane in the LPGR, can vary widely, depending on one or more types of the composition, the response of the plant desired and the method of intended use. In some embodiments, the amount of the plant growth regulator, which is a cyclopropene, based on the total weight of the LPGR, is 4% by weight or less, or 1% by weight or less, or 0.5% by weight or less, or 0.06 amp.; in weight or less. Independently, in some embodiments, the amount of the plant growth regulator that is not a cyclopropene, based on the total weight of the LPGR is 0.000001% percent or more, or 0.00001% by weight or more, or 0.0001 % by weight or more, or 0.001% by weight or more. Among embodiments of the present invention using an LPGR containing water, in some embodiments, the amount of the plant growth regulator, which is a cyclopropene, is 1 ppb or more, or 10 ppb or more, or 100 ppb or more. Independently, in some embodiments, the amount of the plant growth regulator, which is not a cyclopropene, is 10,000 ppm or less or 1000 ppm or less. In some embodiments, no composition of the present invention includes one or more agents that form metal complexes. In other embodiments, one or more compositions of the present invention includes one or more agents that form metal complexes. Among the embodiments in which one or more liquid compositions are used, in some such embodiments, one or more agents that form metal complexes can be included in one or more LCP, independently in one or more LPCR, independently in one or more BOTH, or in any of its combinations. An agent that forms a metal complex is a compound that contains one or more electron donor atoms, capable of forming coordinated bonds with metal atoms. Some agents that form metal complexes are chelating agents. As used herein, a "chelating agent" is a compound that contains one or more electron donor atoms, which are capable of forming coordinated bonds with a metal atom and a single molecule of the chelating agent is capable of forming two or more coordinated links with a single metal atom. Suitable chelating agents include, for example, organic and inorganic chelating agents. Suitable inorganic chelating agents include, for example, phosphates, such as, for example, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate and hexametaphosphoric acid. Among the suitable organic chelating agents are those with macrocyclic structures and non-macrocyclic structures. Suitable macrocyclic organic chelating agents include, for example, porphine compounds, cyclic polyethers (also called crown ethers) and macrocyclic compounds with both nitrogen and oxygen atoms. Suitable organic chelating agents having non-macrocyclic structures are, for example, aminocarboxylic acids, 1,3-diketones, hydroxycarboxylic acids, polyamines, amino alcohols, heterocyclic aromatic bases, phenol, amino phenols, oximes, Shiff bases, compounds of sulfur and its mixtures. In some embodiments, the chelating agent includes one or more aminocarboxylic acids, one or more hydroxycarboxylic acids, one or more oximes, or mixtures thereof. Suitable aminocarboxylic acids include, for example, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), nitrotriacetic acid (NTA), N-ethylhydroxyethylglycine (2-HxG), ethylene bis (hydroxyphenylglycine) (EGP) and mixtures thereof. Suitable hydroxycarboxylic acids include, for example, tartaric acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, 5-sulfosalicylic acid and mixtures thereof. Suitable oximes include, for example, dimethylglycine, salicylaldoxime and mixtures thereof. In some modalities, EDTA is used. Some additional suitable chelating agents are polymeric. Suitable polymeric chelating agents include, for example, polyethylenimines, polymethacryloyloketones, poly (acrylic acids) and poly (methacrylic acids) Poly (acrylic acid) is used in some embodiments Some suitable agents that form metal complexes may be present in neutral form or in the form of one or more salts Mixtures of suitable agents that form metal complexes are also suitable., one or more of the compositions of the present invention contain water, in some of these embodiments, the water contains one or more ions of metals, such as, for example, iron ions, copper ions, other metal ions or their mixtures In some embodiments, the water contains 0.1 ppm or more of one or more metal ions. Among the embodiments that use one or more agents that form metal complexes, the amount of the metal complexing agent used can vary widely. In some embodiments in which at least one liquid composition is used. the amount of the metal complex forming agent in that liquid composition will be adjusted to be sufficient to form the complex with the amount of metal ion present or expected to be present in the liquid composition, which contains the metal complexing agent. For example, in some embodiments in which a liquid composition of the present invention is used, which includes water and contains some metal ions, if a relatively efficient metal-forming agent is used, with all or almost all the ions of metal in water), the ratio of moles of the agent that forms metal complexes to the moles of metal ions will be 0.1 or greater, or 0.2 or greater, or 0.5 or greater, or 0.8 or greater. Among these modalities using a relatively efficient agent that forms metal complexes the ratio of moles of the agent forming metal complexes to the moles of the metal ion can be increased to compensate for the lower efficiency. Independently, in some embodiments in which the liquid composition is used, the amount of the metal complexing agent is based on the total weight of the liquid composition, 25% by weight or less, or 10% by weight or less , or 1% by weight or less. Independently, in some embodiments, the amount of the agent that forms metal complexes is based on the total weight of the liquid composition, 0.00001% or greater, or 0.000% or greater, or 0.01% or greater. Independently, in some embodiments in which the liquid composition including water is used, the amount of the agent forming metal complexes can be usefully characterized by the molar concentration of the agent forming metal complexes in the water (i.e. , the moles of the agent that forms metal complexes per liter of water). In some such compositions, the concentration of the agent forming metal complexes is 0.00001, (ie milli-molar) or greater, or 0.0001 mM or greater, or 0.001 M or greater, or 0.01 mM or greater, or 0.1 mM or greater. Independently, in some embodiments in which the liquid composition of the present invention includes water, the concentration of the agent forming metal complexes is 100 mM or less, or 10 mM or less, or ImM or less. In some embodiments of the present invention, one or more auxiliaries are considered optional in the practice of the present invention. Any auxiliary that is used can be included in one or more compositions (i) or in one or more compositions (ii). The auxiliaries can be used alone or in any combination. When more than one auxiliary is used, it is considered that any combination of one or more auxiliaries can be used. Suitable auxiliaries are surfactants, alcohols, hydrocarbon oils, diluents, pigments, fillers, binders, plasticizers, lubricants, wetting agents, spreading agents, dispersing agents, fixing agents. adhesives, defoamers, thickeners, transport agents and emulsifying agents. If more than one composition is used. the presence or absence of any one or more auxiliaries can be determined independently for each composition. In any composition containing more than one auxiliary, the combination of the auxiliaries can be determined for that composition, independently of the other compositions. In some embodiments, at least one composition, which contains at least one auxiliary selected from alcohols, hydrocarbon oils, alcohols and mixtures thereof, is used, such as a composition that may or may not additionally contain one or more surfactants, and such compositions they may be of a composition (i) or a composition (ii) or a composition (iii) Among the embodiments in which one or more liquid compositions (i.e., one or more of the LCP LPGR or LBOTH are used, various embodiments are consider, that they include the use of, for example, any one or more of the following liquid compositions, liquid compositions containing one or more surfactants, but not hydrocarbon oils, and no alcohol, liquid compositions containing one or more hydrocarbon oils, but no surfactants and no alcohol and liquid compositions containing one or more alcohols but no surfactants and no ac hydrocarbon eites. In some embodiments, one or more liquid compositions are used, each containing one or more surfactants and one or more hydrocarbon oils, or one or more liquid compositions are used, wherein each contains one or more surfactants and one or more more alcohols. In some embodiments, one or more liquid compositions are used, each containing one or more surfactants, one or more hydrocarbon oils and one or more alcohols. In some embodiments, at least one of LPGR is used, which does not contain organosilicate compounds. Independently, in some embodiments, at least one of LVOTH is used, which does not contain organosilicate compound. Independently, in some embodiments, no organisilicate compound is used. In some embodiments of the present invention, one or more surfactants are used. Suitable surfactants include, for example, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and mixtures thereof.

A group of suitable anionic surfactants are the sulfosuccinates, which include, for example, alkali metal salts of mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinates. In some embodiments, sodium salts of dialkyl sulfosuccinates are used, including, for example, those with alkyl groups having 4 carbon atoms or more, or 6 carbon atoms or more. In some embodiments, sodium salts of dialkyl sulfosuccinates are used, including, for example, those with alkyl groups with 18 carbons or less, or 14 carbons or less, or 10 carbons or less. An appropriate sodium al a dialkyl sulfosuccinate is, for example, sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate. Another suitable sodium salt of a dialkyl sulfosuccinate is, for example, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. Another group of suitable anionic surfactants are sulphates and sulphonates, which include, for example, the alkali salts of alkyl sulfates. In some embodiments, sodium salts of alkyl sulfates are used, including, for example, those with alkyl groups with 4 carbons or more, or 6 carbons or more, or 8 carbons or more. In some embodiments the sodium salts of alkyl sulfates are used, which include, for example, those with lower alkyl groups of 17 carbon atoms, or with 14 carbon atoms or less, or with less 10 carbon atoms. A suitable sodium salt of an alkyl sulfate is, for example, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Some suitable surfactant agents are, for example, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate, sodium dod sulfate, polyglycol esters, alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates (such as, for example, Triton ™ X-100 from Dow), cetol-pyridinium bromide, ethoxylated alkyl amines, alcohol-amines (such as, for example, ethanolamines) saponins and silicone-based surfactants (such as, for example, Silwet ™ L-77, Osi Specialties surfactant). Mixtures of suitable surfactants are also suitable. Suitable surfactants have several properties. For example, some are excellent in enabling cyclopropene to remain in contact with certain plants or parts of plants, some are readily soluble in other formulation ingredients, some do not cause phytotoxicity in flat or hard parts. plants. Very few surfactants are excellent in each property, but, when one or more surfactants are used, the practitioner will easily be able to choose a surfactant agent or mixture of surface active agents with the rest of the properties most appropriate for the desired use, taking Consider, for example, the desired species to be treated and other ingredients intended to be used in the compositions. Among embodiments that one or more liquid compositions are used, which include one or more surfactants, some liquid compositions contain the surfactant in amounts by weight based on the total weight of the liquid composition, or 0.025% or more, or 0.05. % or more, .or 0.1% or more, or 0.1% or more. Independently, some liquid compositions use surfactants in amounts by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid composition, 75% or less, or 50% or less, or 20% or less, or 5% or less , or 2% or less, or 1% or less, or 0.5% or less, or 0.3% or less. Among the embodiments, in which one or more liquid compositions are used, in some liquid compositions, one or more hydrocarbon oils are used. Hydrocarbon oils are straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkane compounds with 7 or more carbon atoms.

In some embodiments, hydrocarbon oils are obtained from petroleum distillate and contain a mixture of alkane compounds, together with, in some cases, impurities. In some embodiments, hydrocarbon oils are used, which contain 6 or more carbon atoms. In some embodiments, hydrocarbon oils are used, which contain 6 or more carbon atoms. In some embodiments, hydrocarbon oils are used, which contain 18 or fewer carbon atoms. Some suitable hydrocarbon oils include, for example, hexane, decane, dodecane, hexadecane, refined paraffinic oil, diesel oil (for example, Ultrafine ™ spray oil from Sun Company, and mixtures thereof.) Among the liquid compositions using the oil of hydrocarbon, some liquid compositions use the hydrocarbon oil in amounts by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid composition, of 0.25% or more, or 0.5% or more or 1% or more, independently, among the compositions liquid, using the hydrocarbon oil, some liquid composition uses this hydrocarbon oil in amounts, by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid composition, 90% or less, or 50% or less, or 10% by weight. % less, or 55 or less, or 4% or less, or 3% or less Among the modalities, in which one or more liquid compositions are used, in some liquid compositions, one or more alcohols are used. in They include, for example, alkyl alcohols and other alcohols. As used herein, alkyl alcohols are alkyl compounds with a hydroxyl group; the alkyl group may be linear, branched, cyclic or a combination thereof; Alcohol can be primary, secondary, or tertiary. In some embodiments, alkyl alcohols are used, which have alkyl groups with 2 or more carbon atoms. In some embodiments, ethanol, isopropanol or a mixture of them are used. In some embodiments, one or more alkyl alcohols are used, which have alkyl groups with 20 or fewer carbon atoms, or 10 or fewer carbon atoms, or 6 or fewer carbon atoms, or of 3 or fewer carbon atoms. carbon. Among the liquid compositions using alcohol, some liquid compositions use this alcohol in amounts by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid composition, of 0.25% or more, or 0.5% or more, or 1% or more. Among the liquid compositions using the alcohol, some liquid compositions use the alcohol in amounts by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid composition, of 90% or less, or 50% or less, or 10% by weight or less, or 5% by weight or less, or 4% by weight or less, or 3% by weight or less. The ingredients of the present invention can be mixed by any means, in any order. In the practice of the present invention, the treatment of a plant can be conducted by any method that allows the composition or compositions of the present invention to make contact with the plant. Among embodiments in which one or more liquid compositions are used, some examples of contact methods are, for example, spraying, foaming, fogging, pouring, brush application, immersion, similar methods and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, spraying or dipping or both can be used. In other embodiments, the spray is used. After a plant is contacted with one or more compositions of the present invention, any ingredient that interacts with the plant can initiate the direct interaction of distancing, or such ingredients, regardless of each other, can interact with the plant at the last moment. . For example, the liquid composition can form a release coating on all or part of the plant and one or more ingredients may become suitable, over time, to interact with the plant. In some embodiments, a composition of the present invention is used to treat one or more plants. It is considered that, in carrying out the treatment, the composition of the present invention may come into contact with the entire plant, or may come into contact with one or more parts of the plant. These parts of the plant include any part of the plant, for example, flowers, buds, florescence, seeds, cuts, roots, bulbs, fruits, vegetables, leaves and their combinations. Some plants grow in order to remove one or more parts of the plant, when these parts are considered a useful product. The removal of such useful plant parts is known as harvesting. In some embodiments of the present invention, plants that produce useful plant parts are treated with one or more compositions of the present invention, before harvesting the useful plant parts. In such embodiments, each composition that is used can, independently of any other composition, be used, be brought into contact with all or some portion of the plant. If a composition is brought into contact with a portion of the plant, that portion may or may not include the useful parts of the plant, which are intended to be harvested. In some modalities, a plant is treated while it is rooted in the ground. In some modalities, a plant is treated while it is alive. In some modalities, at least one treatment is done on a plant after germination, but before any useful part of the plant is harvested (such treatment is called here, "pre-harvest" treatment (In some pre-harvest treatment, a silver is treated, at least once after the florescence (the additional treatment before the flowering of the plant may or may not be done.) Immediately, in some pre-harvest treatment of a plant, which produces fruits or vegetables, this plant is treated at least once after establishing the fruits or vegetables (the additional treatment before acting on the fruits or vegetables, may or may not be performed.) Some treatments may be performed on one or more plants that are planted in the field , in a garden, in a building (such as, for example, a greenhouse) or in another location, suitable treatments can be carried out in one or more plants that are planted in the open land, in a no or more containers (such as, for example, a pot, planter or container) in confined or raised beds, or in other places. In some embodiments, the present invention involves the treatment of a citrus plant (i.e., any plant of the genus Cytrus). Citrus plants include, for example, plants that produce oranges, grapefruits, tangerines, lemons, limes, their variants and their hybrids. In some embodiments, the present invention involves the treatment of any non-citrus plant (i.e., any non-Citrus plant). Some examples of suitable non-citrus plants include, for example, plants that supply parts of useful plants, selected from one or more of the following categories: vegetables, non-citrus fruits, edible leaves (or otherwise useful), sap, flowers, roots, seeds, grains, nuts, useful fibers or any of their combinations, edible or otherwise useful. It is recognized that certain useful plant parts are sometimes labeled as belonging to more than one category. For example, some parts of plants, commonly labeled "vegetable" are also sometimes labeled as "fruits" . It is also recognized that, within each of the categories listed above, some terms commonly used for sub-categories also overlap each other. It is here considered that any group of plants that is described as being suitable will be suitable for the practice of the present invention, whether or not that described group of plants overlaps with any other described group of suitable plants. Among the suitable non-citrus plants that provide fruit, some examples are those that provide fleshy, non-citrus fruits and those that provide dried fruits. Among the suitable non-citrus plants that provide fleshy fruits, some examples are those that provide drupe fruits (ie, fleshy fruits with a hard inner layer, surrounding one or more seeds), which include for example, cherries, coffee, peaches, coconut, almonds and other fleshy drupe fruits. Among suitable non-citrus flats, which provide fleshy fruits, some other examples are those that provide fruits of non-citrus berries (ie, fleshy fruits that do not have a hard coating), which include, for example, grapes, tomato, melon , cucumber, pumpkin, chayote and other non-citrus berry fruits. Among suitable non-citrus plants that provide fleshy fruits, some additional examples are those that provide pulp fruits (ie, fleshy fruits with a cartilaginous core that surrounds the fleshy accessory layer). which include, for example, apple, pear, quince and other pulp fruits. Among the suitable non-citrus plants that supply dried fruits, some examples are those that provide dehiscent fruits (ie, dried fruits that open naturally to the covered seeds), which include, for example, legumes (such as, for example, green beans, white beans, peas, cyclamen, acacia, black acacia and other legumes), siliques (such as, for example, cabbage), and capsules (such as, for example, poppy). Among the suitable non-citrus plants, which provide nuts, some other examples are those that supply indehiscent fruits (ie, dried fruits that do not open naturally to the stored seeds.) Among the adequate non-citrus plants that supply indehiscent fruits, some examples are Achene (dried fruit with seed, small with seed coatings that separate from fruit) which include, for example, strawberries and other achenes Among the appropriate non-citrus plants, which provide indehiscent fruits, some other examples are fruits caryopsis (fruits dried with seeds, small, with the coating of seed fused to the wall of the fruit), which include, for example, rice, wheat, corn, oats, barley and other grains, among the appropriate non-citrus plants They provide indechiscent fruits, some additional examples are the expelas (dried fruits with seed, small, with an accessory layer on their fr uta), which include, for example, sunflowers and other members of the daisy family, Among the suitable non-citrus plants that provide indecent fruits, still other examples are the samara (fruits are with a seed, small, with a growth of Fin type), which include, for example, ash, elm and maple. Among the suitable non-citrus plants that provide indehiscent fruits, still other examples are nuts (dried fruits with a leathery ovary wall that is partially or completely surrounded by leaf appendages) that include, for example, acorn, hazelnut and other nuts . Among suitable non-citrus plants, which provide vegetables, some examples are those that supply aquatic food flats, such as, for example, watercress, rice, water nuts and other aquatic food plants. In addition, among the appropriate plants or citrus that supply vegetables, some examples are those that supply beans, for example legumes, chickpea, soy, mung beans, runner beans, pole beans, beans and other beans. Also among suitable non-citrus plants that provide vegetables, some examples are those that provide bulb crops, such as, for example, garlic, onion, porro, shallot and other bulb crops. Additionally, among suitable non-citrus plants that provide vegetables, some examples are those that provide crops of cabbages, which include, for example, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kale, cabbage, mustard, radish, rutabaga (Swedish turnip) ), rapeseed, turnip and other crops of cabbages. Even among the suitable non-citrus plants that provide vegetables, some examples are those that supply turmeric, which include, for example, cantaloupe, cucumber, pickle, zucchini, casaba melon, honey drop melon, pumpkin, chayote, water melon, pumpkin Italian and other curcubitáceas. Also further, among suitable non-citrus plants that supply vegetables, some examples are those that provide edible tubers, and roots, including, for example, the cushcush. ginger, jicama, potato, radish, rutabaga, sweet potato, turnip, yam and other tubers and edible roots. Still other suitable non-citrus plants that supply vegetables, some examples of which provide leafy vegetables, such as, for example, cilantro, lettuce, endive, escarole, spinach, dandelion and other leafy vegetables. Also considered as suitable non-citrus plants are those that supply useful non-edible plant parts, such as, for example, tobacco, cotton, flax and plants that provide useful non-edible bulbs. Also considered as suitable non-citrus plants are those from which useful materials can be extracted, such useful materials can be, for example, raw materials for manufacture, materials useful medicinally and materials useful for other purposes. Also considered as suitable non-citrus plants are those that provide parts of plants that are useful for beauty and / or ornamental properties. Such ornamental plant parts are, for example, ornamental leaves. In some modalities, an entire ornamental plant is considered to be a useful plant part. In some modalities, the plants that are treated are not members of the Nicotiana genus. In some embodiments of the present invention, a group of plants is treated simultaneously or in sequence. A characteristic of a group of plants is the yield of the crop, which is defined as the weight (here, called "harvest weight") of the useful plant part collected from a defined group of plants. In a useful definition of the crop, the yield of the defined group of plants is the group that occupies a certain area of the soil (this definition is often used when the plants grow in a contiguous group in a large field. cocea yield, the defined group of plants is a specific number of individually identified plants (this definition can be used for any group of plants, which include, for example, plants in the fields, in pots, in greenhouses or any of their combinations) It is considered that the parts of plants collected that contribute to the weight of the harvest, are those parts of plants that meet the minimum quality criteria, which are appropriate for the type of plant parts. of plants are harvested from certain plants, the weight of the crop is the weight of the parts of plants of acceptable quality, which are harvested from those plants. can be determined by any of the common criteria used by people who harvest or handle parts of plants, can be, for example, one or more of the size, weight, firmness, resistance to wither, taste, sugar / starch balance other criteria of alidade, either alone or in combination with any of the above criteria, at the time over which the plant part maintains its quality (as judged by any of the above criteria). The parts of plants that contribute to the weight of the crop are referred to here as "harvest." That is, a group of plants is specified and the parts of plants are harvested and harvesting of plant parts crops that meet the criteria of the appropriate minimum quality is known as the harvest from that specified group of plants. In some embodiments, an appropriate group of plants is determined by identifying certain individual plants, for example a group of 50 individual plants can be identified or a group of 100 individual plants or a group of 500 individual plants. In some modalities, an appropriate group of plants is determined by identifying an area of a planted field, for example, an area of 0.01 hectare can be identified, or 0. hectare or 1 hectare, or 10 hectares or 100 hectares. In some embodiments of the present invention, the treatment of a group of plants with the methods of the present invention will increase the harvest yield of that group of plants, compared to the yield of the crop that could have been obtained from that group of plants. plants, if not treated with the methods of the present invention. The increase in harvest can be obtained in any of a wide variety of ways. For example, one way in increasing the yield of the crop can be obtained in that each plant can produce a greater number of useful parts of plants. As another example, one way to obtain an increase in crop yield is that each part of the useful plant may have a greater weight. As a third example, the yield of the crop may increase when a larger number of potentially useful plants meet the criteria for acceptable quality, other ways of increasing the yield of the harvest may also result from the practice of present invention. Also considered are increases in crop yield that happen by any combination of ways. Another considered benefit of practicing some embodiments of the present invention is that the overall quality of the crop can be improved. That is, a crop produced by methods of the present invention may have a higher overall or average level of quality than comparable crops produced without the methods of the present invention, as judged by the appropriate quality criteria for that harvest. In some cases, such as higher quality crops, they can command higher prices when sold. Various benefits may result from the practice of the present invention. The beneficial effects in the treated plants include, for example, one or more of the following effects (some of which have been discussed here above and some of which are different from those discussed here above 9: the volume of the biomass increased, the quality Increased biomass, increased fruit volume, increased fruit size (when convenient9, route size decreased (when desired) harvest time (advanced or delayed, as desired). decreased, variety with diminished color, decreased stress response, decreased damage response, increased shelf life of crop parts, apical dominance, avoidance of abscission, prevention of senescence, prevention of yellowing, increased vigor during growth , increased vigor during transit, increased vigor during transplantation and combinations thereof. It will be understood that for purposes of to present specification and claims, that the interval and the limits of relations mentioned herein, can be combined. For example, it varies from 60 to 120 and from 80 to 110. it is mentioned for a particular parameter, then the regimes of 60 to 110 and 80 to 129 are also considered. For another example, if the minimum values for a particular parameter of 1. and 3 are mentioned, and if the maximum values of 4 and 6 are mentioned for that parameter, then it will also be understood that the following intervals are all considered: 1 to 4 , 5, 2 to 4, 2 to 5, 3 to 4 and 3 to 5.

EXAMPLES In the following examples, the following ingredients were used: Complex Cl = SmartFresch powder containing 3.3% of 1-MCP by weight, from Rohm and Haas Co. (complex 1- MCP / cc-CD) EDTA = Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid Auxiliary 1 = Ultrafine ™, spray oil from Sun Company Auxiliary 2 = alkyl sulfosuccinate surfactant Example 1 The following three formulations were obtained: Formulation A (12 ppm of 1-MCP) water 1000 g Comple or Cl 0.36 g EDTA 0.05 g Auxiliary 1 8.5 g Auxiliary 2 0.5 g.

Formulation B (675 ppm ethephon) water 1000 g ethephon 0.68 g EDTA 0.05 g Auxiliary 1 8.5 g Auxiliary 2 0.5 g.

Formulation C (12 ppm of 1-MCP and 675 ppm of etheohon) water 1000 Cl Complex 0.36 ethephon 0.68 EDTA 0.05 Auxiliary 1 8.5 g Auxiliary 2 0.5 g Silver Queen maize was planted in a field and sprayed until drained once in a week, following the emergence of spikelets. After spraying, the maize was allowed to develop normally, and the ears of corn were harvested and weighed. A "treatment" was a group of contiguous corn stems that were sprayed with a particular formulation. The number of corn stems in each treatment was similar and averaged 55. The formulations used plain water and Formulations A, B and C. For each formulation, the reported result is the total harvested weight for treatments made with that formulation. The results were as follows: The treatments using Formulation C had a much better harvest yield than any of the other treatments.

Example 2 Mirai sweet corn was planted in a field and treated as in Example 1. The number of corn stems in each treatment was similar and averaged 53. The results are as follows: Formulation Weight of corn cobs, kq water 10.77 B 10.55 A 1327 C 14.90 The treatments using Formulation C had a much better harvest yield than any of the other treatments.

Example 3 Mountain Fresen Tomatoes were grown in a greenhouse and sprayed once to drain, in the first of the first fruit establishment, using Formulation A and Comination B, as defined in Example 1. The plants were subjected to one of the following treatments: a) sprayed once with water b) sprayed once with Formulation A c) sprayed once with formulation B d) sprayed once with Formulation A, then sprayed once, a day later, with the Formulation B Formulation Weight of ears of corn, kq water 2.9 B 15.4 A 25.6 A, then B, one day after 26.4 The tomato treatment with both Formulations A and B gave a better yield of the crop than any other of the treatments.

Claims

CLAIMS A method for the treatment of a non-citrus plant, comprising contacting this non-citrus plant with at least one composition (i) comprising at least one cyclopropene and contacting said non-citrus plant with at least one composition (ii) which comprises at least one plant growth regulator, which is not a cyclopropane. A harvest, . collected from a group of plants treated with the method of claim

1. The method of claim 1, wherein the growth regulator of the plants, which is not a cyclopropene, comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ethylene, agents that release ethylene, not cyclopropene, and compounds, of cyclopropene, with high ethylene activity. The method of claim 1, wherein said plant growth regulator, which is not a cyclopropene, comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds, not cyclopropene, which inhibit the synthesis of ethylene, and compounds, not of cyclopropene, which inhibit the action of the ethylene receptor site, and compounds that inhibit the synthesis of ethylene and the action of the ethylene receptor site. The method of claim 1, wherein said growth regulator of the plants, which is not a cyclopropene, comprises at least one compound, not cyclopropene, with cytokinin activity. The method of claim 1, wherein said plant growth regulator, which is not a cyclopropene, comprises at least one non-cyclopropene auxin. The method of claim 1, wherein said plant growth regulator, which is not a cyclopropene, comprises at least one gibberiline. The method of claim 1, wherein said plant growth regulator, which is not a cyclopropene, comprises at least one compound, selected from the group consisting of cofactors of 1? oxidase and inhibitors of 1AA oxidase. The method of claim 1, wherein the growth regulator of plants, which is not a cyclopropene, comprises at least one secondary growth inhibitor. The method of claim 1, wherein said growth regulator of plants, which is not a cyclopropene, comprises at least one natural growth hormone. A liquid composition, suitable for treating plants, comprising at least one cyclopropene, at least one plant growth regulator, which is not a cyclopropene, and one or more other ingredients, selected from the group consisting of complex forming agents of metal, hydrocarbon oils, and alcohols. A method for treating a plant, comprising contacting said plant with at least one composition (1) comprising at least one cyclopropene and contacting said plant with at least one composition (iv) comprising at least one growth regulator of plants, which is not a cyclopropene, and is not an agent of abscission. A liquid composition, suitable for the treatment of plants, comprising at least one cyclopropene, at least one plant growth regulator that is not a cyclopropene, and which is not an abscission agent, and one or more other ingredients , selected from the group consisting of agents that form metal complexes, surfactants, hydrocarbon oils, and alcohols.