MXPA05001505A - Autonomous soil drilling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention refers to a drilling tool useful for soils, which is characterized in that it consists in an electric, hydraulic or pneumatic engine directly coupled to a drill bit or a cutting tool capable of performing horizontal or vertical perforations at a high rotating speed.

Description

AUTONOMOUS SOIL DRILL Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a drilling tool applicable to floors consisting of an electric, hydraulic or pneumatic motor coupled directly to a drill or cutting tool capable of making horizontal or vertical perforations. The previous arrangement eliminates the need to use conventional drill rods, as the motor penetrates into the holes it drills, being held by rods that do not rotate and that can drive drilling fluids. The bars apply only axial pressure to the arrangement to increase the efficiency of the cut during drilling.

The bars used to operate this arrangement can have a circular or square section and are coupled by bolts perpendicular to the axis of the bar column. These bars allow the couplings to be made more quickly; they also facilitate the design of the necessary reaction mechanism on the surface to stabilize the Autonomous Drilling Machine.

The arrangement described above allows the drill or cutting tool can be used at high speed which significantly reduces the wall remodeling, promotes the formation of detritus of smaller size, reduces the accumulation of soil adhering to the tools and increases the drilling advance speed.

To cool the bit and push the detritus produced by it to the surface drilling fluids are introduced through hoses and it is also possible to do it inside the clamping bars.

This drilling technique can be applied to drill holes or holes at any depth with the possibility of being used among other uses: for geotechnical drilling, for the installation of batteries, piles and micropiles in foundations of new structures, for the construction of inclusions that reinforce the mass of soils, to reinforce the foundations already built that manifest differential sinking problems. The Autonomous drilling rig has the capacity to drill holes in a wide range of diameters, ranging from 10 cm to 100 cm. In special cases, the diameters may be larger.

The objects of the present invention are: 1. By means of a motor directly coupled to the drill it is possible to use high rotation speeds, without having the problems that occur in conventional bar columns, which are: high vibration, buckling, deformation and friction of the column of bars, as well as the excessive weight of all the bars. 2. Higher quality in the walls of the drilled hole. 3. High maneuverability for drilling in different applications. . Increase in the speed of advance in the drilling of holes.

Background of the Invention Currently drilling soft soils and rocks is based on introducing a drill bit or cutting tool on the tip of a column of bars. The column of bars is subject to both rotation and axial thrust from the surface by motors or mechanisms that can be mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic.

The traditional bar column is hollow, which allows to introduce drilling fluids that aim to cool the drill or cutting tool, reduce friction on the cutting surfaces, as well as facilitate the removal of all detritus. The drilling fluid can be water, bentonite mud, chemical agents such as polymers, etc.

To achieve the required depth, it is necessary to couple the column of bars with threaded copies. In practice, drill rods are used that were designed for mining and oil exploration, for which their dimensions and weights are related to great depths and rock formations. These specifications are excessive for the geotechnical drilling applications to which the Autonomous Drill is oriented here presented.

In the current state of the art for the drilling of soft soils, there are designs of drills among which highlight the bits of burins or drag, some designs of tricone bits, special designs of continuous helicoids, boats with tungsten inserts, hammers of percussion , high pressure water injectors. All the above tools are designed to drill soil at low rotation speed.

The advantages of our invention over the current drilling techniques in soft soils are the following: • The design of the cutter allows efficient use of high speeds of rotation that can not be used in conventional drilling equipment. • The location of the motor reduces the energy requirements to achieve high speed in the cutter, because it is not required to rotate the entire column of bars as in traditional systems, which require larger amounts of energy to rotate the mass of the bars and tolerate the friction that is generated in the entire surface thereof. The system of the Autonomous Drilling Machine takes advantage of 100% of the energy of the engine to cut the ground, in a solution that until now had not been done and does it in a novel way. In the current state of the art, high speed drilling equipment has not been built in which the motor is located within the same borehole. • The perforation with this invention is more precise because in the construction of the cutting tool special care is taken when balancing it. Due to the above, the pitching that occurs in all drilling techniques is eliminated. The cutting tool represents a novelty, due to its geometry, including the way in which the drilling fluids are introduced into it and the possibility of changing the cutting inserts. • The square bars on which the cutting device is mounted allow to transmit the necessary thrust for the drilling, at the same time that it slides through a square spindle that is used to absorb the reaction against the rotation generated by the motor. • The geometrical and weight characteristics of this drill facilitate its use in a wide range of applications, without having to make special modifications, or complex assembly maneuvers. In the current state of the art there is no driller as versatile as the one described here. • The system described here has the capacity to drill in a range that goes from 10 to 100 cm in diameter, and in terms of depth, it depends on the hardness characteristics of the soils that are drilled.

Description of the Drawings Figure 1. - The general view of the use of the Autonomous Drilling Machine and its use in drilling holes in soft soils is shown. On the right margin of the figure, a general scheme of the clamp of the bars is presented, necessary for the proper operation of the drilling system used by the Autonomous Drilling Machine.

Figure 2. - It is divided into two sections, the one on the left contains a general outline of the driving and cutting part of the Autonomous Drilling Machine, while on the right a cross section of the same part is presented.

Figure 3 - On the left of the figure there is a detailed cross section of the lower portion of the driving and cutting part of the Autonomous Drilling Machine. On the right there is a three-dimensional projection of the same portion.

Detailed description of the invention In Fig. 1 it is illustrated that the perforation 1 is made by the Autonomous Drilling Machine 2, which is supported inside the perforation by the bars 3, which are square section joined together by bolts 4.

The square frame 5 fulfills two objectives, the first to retain the column of bars during the extraction maneuvers, and the second, to absorb the reaction against the rotation generated by the engine, that frame has two hinges 6 that control its operation. Through the spaces that remain between the frame 5 and the rim 7 of the perforation, the ducts of the drilling fluid 8 and the energy produced in the power unit 9 are introduced through the ducts 10 and 11.

There is the possibility of using up to three types of drilling fluid simultaneously coupled to ducts 12, 13 and 14, which are connected to manifold 15 that provides and regulates the expenses and pressures leading the desired mixture to duct 8, which feeds the Autonomous Drill 2.

Fig. 2 details the Autonomous Drill, which has a hydraulic, pneumatic or electric motor 20 which receives the necessary energy for its operation through ducts 21 and 22. The engine is housed in space 23 that is hermetically sealed sealed.

The arrow 25 transmits the rotational force produced by the motor 20 directly to the lower cutting tool 26.

The slot 24 allows to introduce a mechanical key to be fixed to the arrow 25 when it is required to change the lower cutting tool 26.

In the chamber 27, the damping mechanism 28 is housed to protect the motor from the axial load that is applied to the Autonomous Drilling Machine.

Through the duct 29 the drilling fluids fed to the Autonomous Drill 1 are fed through the duct 8, to the chamber 30 through which the upper fixed cutter 31 is fed.

Finally, the autonomous drill 1 is fastened to the bars 4 by means of the adapter 30.

In Fig. 3 it is seen that the lower cutting tool 26 engages the arrow 25. The chamber 30 distributes the drilling fluids it receives through the duct 29 to both the duct 40 and the ducts 41. For the duct 40 The nozzles 42 are fed with drilling fluids, which facilitate the cutting of the soil at the same time as they help the cooling of the lower part of the cutting tool 26.

The ducts 41 feed the nozzles 43 that by the ratio of diameters between them increase the speed of the drilling fluids. These nozzles 43 facilitate the cleaning of the upper face of the cutting tool 26, but above all they lubricate the blades 44. The surface 45 of the upper fixed cutter 31 aims to increase the turbulence inside the debris produced by the cutting tool lower 26, and in certain circumstances, reduce the size of detritus in motion.

The tip 45 engaged in the lower cutting tool 26 can be of several types, depending on the properties of the floors to be cut.

The cutters 44 can have different geometries, and can even be constructed with tungsten carbide inserts that increase the durability thereof and modify the way they cut the soil.

SUMMARY The drill presented here is designed to perform useful drilling for geotechnical construction, differentiating it from mining and oil applications. In particular, its most suitable application is for the drilling of soils, mainly soft clays.

The Autonomous Drilling Machine presents the following innovations: - Locating the rotation motor inside the same hole is a novelty because in the current state of the art there is no such application considering the minimum diameter of 10 cm that the Autonomous Drilling Machine can perform . - The cut design consisting of two parts, a fixed and a mobile represents a novelty that did not exist until now. The fixed part facilitates at the same time, that the Autonomous Drill remains centered. - The speed at which the cutter is operated is a novelty, since it is much higher than the speeds used by conventional equipment. - The multiple drilling fluids outlets are another innovation of the Autonomous Drilling Machine, because with them multiple benefits are obtained, such as cleaning the cutter, lubricating the cut material, cooling the cutters and providing a means of transport to the surface of the cut materials.

The design of this drill allows the cutter to operate in conditions of high efficiency and safety. The cutter, having two parts, one rotating and the other fixed, applies high cutting forces to the perforated floor. The detritus produced is disintegrated which facilitates its extraction to the surface.

One of the advantages of this drilling system is that the cutters, having little vertical development, produce very low backwash to the cut materials. Retraining is understood to be the lateral deformations that are induced to the walls of a berrene practiced in soft ground, subjected to shear stresses during drilling.

The design of the Autonomous Drilling Machine has few parts in motion, so its operation at high speed does not represent a significant risk for the operation, and on the other hand, the vibrations produced during its use are minimal.

Finally, the design of this drill allows its use in various applications, both horizontal and vertical, and in a wide range of diameters. f) Exemplary embodiments or preferred embodiments of the invention OPERATION OF THE INVENTION The drilling machine described here is inserted in a brocade dug in artificial fillings with conventional tools until it comes into contact with the soft soils that are to be drilled with this machine. The stages for its use are: a) Start of drilling. Start by injecting the drilling fluids and then operate the engine rotation controls. The cutter begins to perform its function, and the detritus is transported to the surface by the drilling fluid. b) Drilling process. It consists of lowering the cutting tool with the help of square bars inside the reaction trap frame to cancel out the small force produced by the motor when cutting the ground. c) Cleaning of the perforation. The injection of drilling fluids keeps the temperature of the cutters low while at the same time providing the necessary flow to keep the bottom of the drilling free of debris. d) Introduction of elements. Once the drilling is completed, the structural elements that the geotechnical design has determined will be inserted, which can be manufactured with mortar, concrete and steel, either cast on site or previously manufactured. e) Drilling for sub-excavation. The Autonomous Drill is used to perform horizontal drilling located below previously built structures that are inclined. These perforations are left filled with the sludge produced, so that they deform plastically until, upon closing, they induce the overlying structure to recover part of the lost verticality. It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is the conventional one for the manufacture of the objects or products to which it refers.

Claims (3)

1. Claims Having described the invention as above, the content of the following claims is claimed as property: 1. - A self-propelled high-speed rotary soil drilling machine characterized in that it comprises: • a cutter or drill bit consisting of two parts: a fixed part which maintains the position centered at the time of cutting and a rotating mobile part that cuts and disintegrates the resulting debris; • a generator motor for hydraulic, pneumatic or electric rotation coupled to the hermetically sealed drill that penetrates inside the drilling zone; • a column of bars joined by bolts that provide support; • a square frame with jaws that holds the bars and absorbs the reaction against the rotation produced by the motor; • ducts and fluid chambers to introduce drilling fluid and; • multiple drilling mud outlets.
2. 2. - The Autonomous Perforator of high speed rotating floors in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of up to three ducts for feeding up to three drilling fluids.
3. 3. - The Autonomous Perforator of floors of high speed of rotation in accordance with claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a series of valves that are connected to the ducts regulating costs and pressures of supply of drilling fluids as well as enabling the mixing of said drilling fluids. . - The Autonomous Perforator of floors of high speed of rotation in accordance with claim number 1, characterized porgue comprises a damping mechanism that protects the engine. 5. - The Autonomous Perforator of floors of high speed of rotation in accordance with claim number 1, characterized in that the cutters are changed when worn, and are selected according to the perforated sulo. 6. - The Autonomous Perforator of floors of high speed of rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutters are preferably manufactured with tungsten carbide inserts.