MXPA03010734A - Power press. - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a hydraulic force modulator (32) used in a power press (20) to provide a predetermined force with a defined force applied by a ram (26) of the press (20) at defined incremental positions of the ram (26) relative to a stationary part (34) of the press (20). A moveable plate (46) moves relative to a base plate (48). A resilient pneumatic bellows (45) has an opposite end sealingly mounted on the movable plate (46). The resilient pneumatic bellows (45) has an opposite end sealingly mounted on the base plate (48). A vessel (54) is connected on one of the plates (46 or 48). A metering cylinder (42) is mounted on the same plate (46 or 48) as the vessel (54) and is positioned within the vessel (54). A piston assembly (41) is mounted in the metering cylinder (42). A piston rod (62) has one end connected to the other of the plates (46 or 48). The metering cylinder(42) has a plurality of orifices (43) regulate the flow of hydraulic fluid from the metering cylinder (42) into the vessel (54) as the piston assembly (41) moves from a starting position and thereby regulates the force on the piston rod (62) in response to the position of the moveable plate (46) relative to the base plate (48) and thereby co-acts with the defined force applied by the ram (26).

Description

MECHANICAL PRESS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Mechanical presses are constructed in a wide variety of styles and sizes so that they can perform a variety of functions, such as stamping, embossing, forming and many others. The harmful effect of the impact load associated with many functions of mechanical presses is well known and recognized. A variety of cushioning arrangements for use in mechanical presses is also well known. Examples of these cushioning arrangements associated with mechanical presses are taught in: U.S. Patent No. 4,732,033, entitled "Pneumatic Die Cushion", published March 22, 1988, by Smedberg et al .; U.S. Patent No. 4,736,615, entitled "Pneumatic Press Counterbalance", published April 12, 1988 by Smedberg et al .; U.S. Patent No. 4,796,460 entitled "Cushion Construction Including Snubber," published January 10, 1989, by Smedberg et al .; U.S. Patent No. 4,825,681, entitled "Pneumatic Press Counterbalance and Cushion Construction", published May 02, 1989 by Smedberg et al .; U.S. Patent No. 4,860,571 entitled "Power Press With Improved Cushioning Construction", published August 29, 1989 by Smedberg et al .; and the REF. 152345 U.S. Patent No. 4, 930,336 entitled "Single Action Cylinder," published June 5, 1990 by Smedberg et al. Although the equalizing arrangement improves the operation of a mechanical press, it is still necessary to provide a means that modulates the force applied by a hydraulic press piston on a work piece and on the fixed portions of the press, so that the additional harmful effect of the unwanted shock load on parts of the press is reduced and a smooth application of the force on a work piece is achieved.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention described herein provides an improved mechanical press. This press construction provides improved fastening of a work piece and generates an improved desirable load in a mechanical press. An improved force modulator is used to hold the work piece and to regulate the internal load in the press with a piston capable of being moved relative to a fixed part of the press. The force modulator includes a container having hydraulic fluid contained therein. A reservoir of hydraulic fluid is mounted inside the container. One end of the force modulator is coupled with the press piston. The opposite end of the force modulator is coupled with the fixed part of the mechanical press. A regulator is connected to the reservoir in order to control the flow of hydraulic fluid in the container, whereby a support force or counterforce is determined in the press piston congruent with a defined curve of force displacement, ie , the force defined for each position of progressive increase of the piston in response to the position of the piston in relation to the fixed part of the press. The counterforce on the press piston substantially eliminates the unwanted impact load on the parts of the press and achieves a smooth application of a work force in a work piece located in the press.

Description of the Figures Figure 1 is a perspective view of a conventional mechanical press having an improved force modulator, which is mounted thereon in order to provide an effective counterforce on a press piston congruent with a defined curve force displacement for "'the piston which is in response to the position of the piston relative to a fixed part of the press;' Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a matrix arrangement in the mechanical press shown in Figure 1 with a workpiece mounted in the die on a matrix ring with a moveable portion of the die positioned for perform the clutch with the work piece and with force modulators connected to the mating ring; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view similar to Figure 2, except that it shows the portion capable of being moved from the clutch die with a work piece forming a work piece in a desired configuration; Figure 4 is similar to Figures 2 and 3, except that it shows the portion capable of being moved from the die in a retracted position and a work piece resting on the die ring located outside of the clutch with a male portion of the die; Figure 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a force modulator shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 and presents the force modulator in a collapsed arrangement, as shown in Figure 3; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the force modulator of Figure 5, except that it shows the modulator -e force in. an expanded arrangement as shown in Figures 2 and 4; Figure 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken on Line 7-7 of Figure 6; Figure 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken on line 8-8 of Figure 6 showing the array of parts through a head of the force modulator; Figure 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken on line 9-9 of Figure 6; Figure 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken on line 10-10 of Figure 6; Figure 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view through plunger assembly of the force modulator showing a sealing ring in contact with a plunger guide in a sealed position in order to prevent fluid flow passing through of the plunger assembly during a downward stroke; Figure 12 is an enlarged cross-sectional view similar to Figure 11, except that it shows the sealing ring in a displaced position relative to the plunger guide allowing hydraulic fluid to travel through the plunger assembly during a stroke upward; and Figure 13 is a view of a rolling or flattening of a regulation cylinder showing the positioning of the regulation holes in the cylinder to effect a counterforce selected for different positions of progressive increase of the piston.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Modality Next, with reference to the drawings and especially to Figure 1, a conventional mechanical press, which is generally indicated by the number 20, is shown therein. The mechanical press 20 is conventional in that it includes a conventional frame 22 with a conventional brace or srt 24 fixed with the frame. The srt is a fixed portion of the press. A conventional piston 26 is mounted movably on the frame and is moved by a conventional motion or drive transmission assembly 28 from a power source that is conventional and well known, although not shown in this figure. A die assembly 30 is placed within the press with four force modulators 32 (any suitable amount could be used) connected to the die assembly and the srt 24 only through two force modulators as shown in Figures 2, 3 y. As can be seen in Figures 2, 3 and 4, the die assembly 30 includes a fixed male portion 34 that is clamped on the work table. A matrix ring capable of being moved 36 is located adjacent to and surrounding the male portion 34. The matrix ring extends above the male portions 34 as can be seen in Figures 2 and 4. A conventional female portion or capable of being moved 38 of the die assembly can be coupled with the male portion 34. The movable portion 38 is fixed on the piston 26 to move it up and down with the piston inside the frame 22. A workpiece 40 is located at the r part of the matrix ring, as can be seen in Figure 2. A plurality of identical force modulators 32 are mounted on the srt 24 and clutch with the work table ring 36. When the female portion 38 moves toward down in clutch with the workpiece 40, the workpiece is immobilized on its outer periphery between the female portion and the matrix ring. In addition to the downward movement of the piston, the central portion of the work piece is caused to be stretched around the fixed male portion. The force modulator is connected to the piston through the ring, the work piece and the portion of the matrix that can be moved. Once the piston has completed its downward stroke, the piston is moved upward, which allows the array ring to move up, and to disengage the workpiece from the male portion of the array, as shown in Figure 4. Then, the work piece is moved in a conventional and well-known manner and a new work piece is placed in the array in the arrangement shown in Figure 2. Each forming operation in the matrix requires that a given force is applied by the piston in the work piece to stretch it a selected amount. The given force varies progressively in relation to the position of the piston, in turn in relation to the work table, as a force defined in a given curve of force displacement. The downward movement of the piston is a simple harmonic movement, where the initial vertical movement is light. Then, the speed of the downward movement increases to a halfway point in the total displacement of the piston. After the midpoint, the speed of the downward movement then decreases until the piston reaches the end of its downward stroke and starts to return to its starting position. Through each of the progressive increase positions, the defined force of the piston on each work piece is observed in relation to the work table that generates the defined force displacement curve for the given work piece. The four force modulators 32 cooperate in order to provide a predetermined clamping force of the part, with the applied force of the piston to soften the force applied to the parts of the mechanical press. The use of the predetermined force against the force of the piston reduces the noxious effect of extraneous forces within the press that are generated by the piston. The hydraulic force modulators create the proper force for clamping the part through the action of a piston assembly 41, which can be seen in Figure 5, which moves inside a reservoir, ie, a regulating cylinder 42, which is an elongated tube, forcing a well-known and conventional hydraulic fluid from the regulating cylinder to pass, to through a plurality of regulating holes 43. The predetermined amount of force is established by the flow velocity of the hydraulic fluid through the regulating orifices. The initial number of holes is large in view of the fact that the piston initially moves only in a small amount. In this example, the number of effective holes is smaller as the piston moves down in the direction of the work table, until the piston reaches the bottom and finds a hole. A specific construction of each force modulator 32 is identical to each other force modulator construction and construction that is shown in detail in Figures 5 and 6. In general, the force modulator 32 includes a hydraulic cylinder 44 and a conventional elastic tire 45 bellows connected to the cylinder. A movable base plate 46 is connected to the die ring 35. A fixed base plate 56 is connected to the support 24. The pneumatic bellows has an end secured in a sealed manner with the fixed base plate 48 and its opposite end is secured with the plate capable of being moved 46. A barrier or stop 50 is welded onto the susceptible base plate, if moved 46. The cylinder 44 includes a plunger head 52, which is mounted in a sealed the fixed plate 48. The cylinder includes a reservoir or cylinder vessel 54, which has one end connected in sealed manner with the head 52. The closed end head 56 is connected in sealed manner to the other end of the vessel 54. regulating cylinder 42 is concentric with vessel 54 and has one end secured in sealed form with plunger head 52 and the other end secured in sealed form with closed end head 56. A plurality of connecting rods The elongate elongated nibs 60 are threadably mounted on the closed end head 56 and extend through the head 52 and the plate 58. A conventional connecting rod nut 59 is threaded at the end of each connecting rod that is extends through plate 58 to secure vessel 54 and regulating cylinder 42 in position. The cylinder 44 includes a plunger rod 62, which is slidably mounted on the head 52 with a bearing 64 located therein for guiding the rod on the head 52. The plunger rod 62 is secured on the stop 50 by a screw 66. The plunger assembly 41 is placed on the free end of the rod 62. The rod 62 includes a plunger bolt 70 which receives the piston assembly 41 .. A conventional nut 72 secures the plunger assembly on the rod of plunger. As best seen in Figs. 1 and 12, the piston assembly 41 includes a plunger 74, which has a plurality of ports 76 extending therethrough. A plunger guide 78 is mounted on the clutch pin 70 with the plunger 74. The outer diameter of the plunger guide is smaller than the inside diameter of the adjusting cylinder allowing the hydraulic fluid to move between the plunger guide and the plunger guide. regulation cylinder. Plunger guide 78 includes a recess 80 adjacent to the plunger. A piston ring 82 is movably mounted in the recess 80. The piston ring 82 engages sealed with the inside of the regulating cylinder. However, the piston ring is capable of being moved from a sealing clutch with the piston guide to a clutch with the piston. When the piston ring is in clutch with the piston, the hydraulic fluid can move through the ports 76, through the piston ring the piston guide during the return of the piston assembly 'from its lower position, shown in Figure 5, to its starting position adjacent to the plunger head 52 shown in Figure 6. The closed end head 56 includes a fluid passage 84 between the regulating cylinder and the container 54 . A. valve; Ball retainer 86 is located in the passage for the purpose of controlling the flow of hydraulic fluid through the fluid passage. The ball check valve 86 includes a ball 88 connected to a spring 90 through the plug or plug 92. The spring pushes the ball 88 in the direction of the passage 84, so that the ball seats in the passage. A port 93 located in the fluid passage 84 provides communication for the hydraulic fluid between the interior of the regulating cylinder and the ball. When the pressure inside the regulating cylinder is increased, this increase in pressure effectively pushes the ball toward a larger contact with the head seat 56 to seal the closed passage 84. However, when the pressure inside the regulating cylinder, so that the pressure inside the vessel 54 is greater than the pressure in the regulating cylinder, the ball is displaced from its seat so as to allow the hydraulic fluid to move in the direction of the cylinder. regulation. The passage 84 is connected through port 94 with a hydraulic fluid supply reservoir, which is not shown in this document. The interior of the container communicates with the interior of the pneumatic bellows through a passage of the overflow or drain 95. The drain passage 95 allows the fluid to move from the container to the pneumatic bellows which acts as a drain reservoir. A tube 96 is mounted on the plate 48 'and connected to a conventional source of compressed air, not shown, through the line 98. The tube 96 extends above the maximum hydraulic fluid height in the pneumatic bellows. . The defined force that is applied to the piston in its positions of progressive increase relative to the fixed part of the press, has a predetermined force that is generated by the force modulators for each position. The predetermined force, which is generated by each of the force modulators, is established by the number of holes in each force modulator, which allow the hydraulic fluid to move out of the respective regulating cylinder. The force defined for each force modulator is determined by the pressure drop through the holes, which is established by the following formula: A p = Q2 p 2362 d04 c2 where : ? p = pressure drop through the holes in pounds per square inch.

Q = flow rate in gallons per minute. ds. = diameter of the hole in inches. c = flow coefficient. p = density in pounds per cubic foot The model or pattern of the placement of the orifice in the force modulators is shown in Figure 13, where the holes 43 are located in axial position along the extension of the cylinder coupled with the piston speed to effect the predetermined force that is desired. At the top of the cylinder, ie, adjacent the head 52, a plurality of holes 102 is formed therein. When the piston starts its initial downward movement, the initial force is small, thus reducing the initial impact. As the piston moves downward and in clutch with the workpiece, the support pressure increases to be congruent with the force applied to the workpiece by the piston. In this way, the force modulators follow the movement of the piston in order to maintain a predetermined force thereon. The movement "^ into the plunger assembly for each force modulator from its starting position shown in Figure 6, causes the hydraulic fluid contained in the regulating cylinder to be pushed out of the cylinder into the container 54. through the holes 43.

The ball check valve prevents any hydraulic fluid flow from leaving the end of the regulating cylinder. The piston rod occupies a volume inside the regulating cylinder larger than the volume that was originally occupied by the piston, so that there is an excess of hydraulic fluid in the regulating cylinder between the piston assembly and the head 52. The Hydraulic fluid passes through the drain passage 95 in the direction of the pneumatic bellows where it is retained. The inward movement of the plunger assembly does not allow any hydraulic fluid to move through the plunger. As can be seen in Figure 11, when the plunger assembly moves towards the head 56, the sealing ring 92 engages with the plunger guide 78, thereby preventing the flow of fluid from passing through the guide . In this way, the hydraulic fluid can not pass through the piston assembly. When the piston reaches the lower part of its stroke, ie the position shown in Figure 3, the stop 50 is located adjacent to the head 52 and thereby preventing further movement of the plunger assembly towards the regulation cylinder. As the piston retracts, the force modulator expands, that is, the pneumatic bellows filled with compressed air acts as a pneumatic operation and lifts the moveable plate 46 to move the plunger assembly to its starting position. The drain ports 102 allow the hydraulic fluid to move out of the regulating cylinder and in the direction of the container. The plunger assembly also allows hydraulic fluid to travel through the assembly. The upward movement of the plunger assembly locates the sealing ring 82 in the position shown in Figure 12 which acts as a return valve. The hydraulic fluid passes through the piston guide because the sealing ring is disengaged from the piston guide and the hydraulic fluid travels through the ports 76 of the piston towards the other side of the piston assembly. The movement of the piston assembly to its starting position also causes a decrease in pressure in the regulating cylinder in the space between the piston assembly and the head 56, so that the hydraulic fluid coming from the container has a free return of flow through the passage 84 and pass through the ball retainer assembly so that it can flow towards the regulating cylinder. In this way, the force modulator moves rapidly towards its starting position. Although a specific embodiment of the invention described in this document has been described in detail previously, it is readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes can be made to a specific construction without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is expressly understood that the present invention is limited only by the appended claims. It is noted that in relation to this date the best method known by the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. CLAIMS Having described the invention as above, the content of the following claims is claimed as property: 1. A mechanical press, characterized in that it comprises: a frame, a fixed portion coupled with the frame, a press piston movably mounted on the frame, a die assembly has a portion connected to the piston and another portion connected to the fixed portion, a force modulator coupled to the frame and a matrix ring connected to the force modulator, the matrix ring is secured in shape releasable in a workpiece for securing a peripheral portion of the workpiece between the matrix ring and one of the portions of the matrix assembly, while the workpiece is formed by the matrix assembly, the force modulator produces a predetermined force in the press piston for the positions of progressive increase of the piston in response to the position of the piston in relation to the fixed portion of the press. 2 s "The mechanical press according to claim 1, characterized in that the force modulator includes a container, a hydraulic fluid in the container, a reservoir of hydraulic fluid in the container and a regulator connected to the reservoir in order to control the flow of hydraulic fluid coming from the container in order to produce a predetermined force in the press piston for the positions of progressive increase of the piston in response to the position of the piston relative to the fixed portion of the press. mechanical press according to claim 1, characterized in that the portion of the die assembly connected to the piston is a female portion, the portion of the die assembly connected to the fixed portion is a male portion that can be engaged with the female portion, the Matrix ring surrounds the male portion, the female portion of the matrix assembly can be connected with the workpiece for clamping r the same between the die ring and the female portion while a portion of the work piece is formed within the peripheral portion in the male portion. The mechanical press according to claim 1, characterized in that the portion of the die assembly connected to the piston is a female die, the portion of the die assembly connected to the fixed portion is a male mat, the die ring surrounds the male matrix, the female matrix is releasably secured in the workpiece to clamp it between the matrix ring and the female matrix, the force modulator includes a container, a hydraulic fluid in the container, a fluid reservoir Hydraulic mounted on the vessel, a regulator connected with a reservoir in order to control the flow of hydraulic fluid coming from the vessel in order to produce a predetermined force on the piston for the positions of progressive increase of the piston in response to the position of the piston in relation to the fixed portion of the press, while the work piece is formed. The mechanical press according to claim 1, characterized in that the force modulator is capable of being expanded and includes a container, a hydraulic fluid contained in the container, a reservoir of hydraulic fluid mounted in the container and a regulator connected to the container. the reservoir that directs the flow of hydraulic fluid coming from the container, the regulator includes a piston capable of being moved in response to the movement of the piston, the reservoir includes an elongated tube that receives the plunger, the tube has a plurality of openings separated by along the extension of the tube to regulate the flow rate of the hydraulic fluid outside the reservoir, uh free return flow in the force modulator allows the hydraulic fluid to move freely from the vessel to the reservoir as the modulator expands. force and a pneumatic operator connected to the fixed part of the press expands the force modulator c oncurrent with the movement of the piston outside the fixed part of the press. 6._ A hydraulic force modulator that is used in a mechanical press provides a predetermined force with a defined force that is applied by a piston of the press in defined positions of progressive increase of the piston relative to a fixed part of the press, characterized in that it comprises, in combination, a base plate, a moveable plate that can be moved relative to the base plate, an elastic pneumatic bellows having an end mounted in a sealed manner on the plate capable of being moved, the elastic pneumatic bellows has an opposite end mounted in a sealed form on the base plate, a container connected to one of the plates, a regulating cylinder mounted on the same plate as the container and located inside it, an assembly piston rod slidably positioned in the adjustment cylinder, a piston rod having an end connected to the piston assembly and an opposite end connected to the other end of the plates, the adjustment cylinder has a plurality of holes along its length v in order to regulate the flow of hydraulic fluid that comes from the regulating cylinder to the container, as it moves the mon plunger cutting from a starting position in the direction of the regulating cylinder and thereby controlling a force on the plunger rod in response to the position of the susceptible plate, if moved relative to the base plate and with which, they coact with the defined force that is applied by the piston. 7. The hydraulic power modulator used in a mechanical press according to claim 6, characterized in that the pneumatic bellows is a pneumatic operator that returns the plunger to the starting position. 8. The hydraulic force modulator that is used in a mechanical press in accordance with the claim 6, characterized in that it includes a return valve positioned in the plunger assembly for the purpose of allowing the hydraulic fluid to move from one side of the plunger assembly to the other side thereof - facilitating the return of the plunger assembly to the position of start. 9. The hydraulic force modulator used in a mechanical press according to claim 6, characterized in that it includes a fluid passage between the regulating cylinder and the container, and a check valve in the fluid passage that prevents the hydraulic fluid flow -¾ through the fluid passage in one direction and allows the hydraulic fluid to move in the opposite direction facilitating the return of the plunger to the starting position. 10. The hydraulic force modulator that is used in a mechanical press according to claim 6, characterized in that the piston assembly includes a piston guide mounted on the plunger rod cooperatively with a plunger, and a sealing ring mounted between the plunger and the plunger guide to prevent the flow of hydraulic fluid through the piston from passing in one direction and to allow the free flow of hydraulic fluid in the other direction facilitating the return of the plunger to the starting position. The hydraulic force modulator used in a mechanical press according to claim 6, characterized in that it includes a return valve placed in the piston assembly for the purpose of allowing the hydraulic fluid to move from one side of the assembly of plunger on the other side thereof facilitating the return of the plunger assembly to the starting position, and the pneumatic bellows provides a pneumatic operator that returns the plunger assembly to the starting position. 12. The hydraulic force modulator used in a mechanical press according to claim 6, characterized in that it includes a fluid passage between the regulating cylinder and the container, and a check valve in the fluid passage that prevents the hydraulic fluid flow through the fluid passage in one direction and allows the hydraulic fluid to move in the opposite direction facilitating the return of the plunger to the starting position, and the pneumatic bellows provides a pneumatic operator that returns the plunger assembly to the starting position. 13. The hydraulic force modulator that is used in a mechanical press according to claim 6, characterized in that it includes a fluid passage between the regulating cylinder and the container, a check valve in the fluid passage prevents the flow of hydraulic fluid through the fluid passage in one direction and allows the hydraulic fluid to move in the opposite direction, and a return valve placed in the piston assembly for the purpose of allowing the hydraulic fluid to move from one side of the piston assembly on the other side thereof facilitating the return of the piston assembly to the starting position. 14. The hydraulic force modulator that is used in a mechanical press according to claim 6, characterized in that it includes a fluid passage between the regulating cylinder and the container, a non-return valve in the fluid passage prevents the flow of hydraulic fluid through the passage of fluid in one direction, when the moveable plate moves towards the base plate and allows the hydraulic fluid to flow in the opposite direction in the fluid passage when the plate capable of being moved is Moves outside the base plate, the piston assembly includes a piston guide placed on the piston rod cooperatively with a plunger, and a sealing ring mounted between the piston and the piston guide in order to avoid the free flow of hydraulic fluid through the piston in one direction when the moveable plate moves towards the base plate and allows free flow of hydraulic fluid in the other direction when the plate capable of being moved is displaced away from the base plate. 15. The hydraulic force modulator that is used in a mechanical press according to claim 6, characterized in that it includes a fluid passage between the regulating cylinder and the container, a ball check valve in the passage prevents the flow of hydraulic fluid through the fluid passage when the plate capable of being moved is displaced out of the base plate and allows hydraulic fluid to flow in the opposite direction when the moveable plate moves away from the base plate, the plunger assembly includes a guide rod mounted on the plunger rod cooperatively with a piston, and a sealing ring mounted between the piston and the piston guide which can be sealedly engaged with the regulating cylinder in order to prevent the free flow of hydraulic fluid passing through the piston when the piston A plate that can be moved is moved towards the base plate and allows the free flow of hydraulic fluid in the other direction when the plate that can be moved moves was from the base plate facilitating the return of the plunger assembly to the starting position, and the pneumatic bellows provides a pneumatic operator which returns the plunger assembly to the start position by pushing the plate liable to be moved out of the plate. base . 16. The hydraulic force modulator that is used in a mechanical press according to claim 6, characterized in that the regulating cylinder has one end connected in sealed form with the base plate, the container is a cylinder coaxial with the cylinder of regulation, the container has an end connected in sealed form to the base plate, a head connected in sealed form to the opposite end of the regulating cylinder, the head connected in sealed form to the opposite end of the container, a plurality of rods of connection that ensures the head in the regulating cylinder and in the container "the head contains a passage of fluid that connects the regulating cylinder and the container, a ball check valve mounted in the fluid passage allows the hydraulic fluid to be move from the container to the regulating cylinder and restrict the flow of hydraulic fluid from the regulating cylinder to the reci The regulating cylinder has a plurality of openings adjacent to an end adjacent to the base plate allowing the hydraulic fluid to move from the adjustment cylinder to the container when the piston moves to its starting position, the assembly of The plunger includes a plunger guide mounted on the plunger rod adjacent to a plunger, the plunger has a plurality of plunger ports allowing hydraulic fluid to travel through the plunger, and a sealing ring mounted on the plunger rod between the piston and the piston guide in clutch sealed with the regulating cylinder, the sealing ring is able to be engaged with the piston guide to effect a seal between the ring and the guide avoiding the free flow of hydraulic fluid through the piston when the plate that can be moved moves towards the base plate, the sealing ring can be placed in clutch with the plunger and can it be separated from the plunger guide by allowing the free flow of hydraulic fluid to pass through the plunger, facilitating the return of the plunger to its position? of start, and a passage of release or safety of the container to the pneumatic bellows that allows to expel the excess of hydraulic fluid towards the container of the regulating cylinder so that it flows towards the pneumatic bellows. 17. In a mechanical press having a defined force for the positions of progressive increase of a press piston capable of being moved relative to a fixed part of the press, a force modulator, characterized in that it includes: a container, a fluid hydraulic contained in the container, a reservoir of hydraulic fluid mounted in the container, one end of the force modulator coupled with the press piston, an opposite end of the force modulator coupled with a fixed part of the press, and a regulator connected to the reservoir for the purpose of controlling the flow of hydraulic fluid coming from the container to produce a predetermined force on the press piston with the defined force for the positions of progressive increase of the piston in response to the position of the same in relation to the fixed part of the press. 18. In a mechanical press having a defined force for the positions of progressive increase of a press piston capable of being moved relative to a fixed part of the press, the die modulator according to claim 17, characterized in that it includes a ^ free flow return connected to the container and the reservoir in order to allow the hydraulic fluid to move freely in a direction from the container to the reservoir. 19. In a mechanical press having a defined force for the positions of progressive increase of a press piston capable of being moved relative to a fixed part of the press, the force modulator according to claim 17, characterized in that it includes a pneumatic operator connected to the fixed part of the press that expands the force modulator concurrently with the movement of the piston away from the fixed part of the press. 20. In a mechanical press having a defined force for the positions of progressive increase of a press piston capable of being moved relative to a fixed part of the press, the force modulator according to claim 17, characterized in that the regulator includes the stages of progressive increase that regulate the flow velocity of hydraulic fluid in the container. 21. In a mechanical press having a defined force for the positions of progressive increase of a press piston capable of being moved relative to the fixed part of the press, the force modulator according to claim 17, characterized in that the The regulator includes a piston that can move in response to the movement of the piston, and the reservoir is elongated and has a plurality of longitudinally spaced openings, which regulate the flow rate of hydraulic fluid out of the reservoir. 22. In a mechanical press having a defined force for the positions of progressive increase of a press piston capable of being moved relative to the fixed part of the press, the compliance force modulator -with claim 17, characterized in that it includes a free flow regulator in the force modulator that allows the selective free flow of hydraulic fluid from the vessel to the reservoir, and includes a pneumatic operator connected to the fixed part of the press that expands the force modulator concurrent with the movement of the piston out of the fixed part of the press. 23. In a mechanical press having a defined force for the positions of progressive increase of a press piston capable of being moved relative to the fixed part of the press, the force modulator according to claim 17, characterized in that the regulator includes the stages of progressive increase that regulate the flow rate of the hydraulic fluid in the container and a pneumatic operator connected to the fixed part of the press that expands the competing force modulator5"with the movement of the piston outside the fixed part of the the press 24. In a mechanical press having a defined force for the positions of progressive increase of a press piston capable of being moved relative to the fixed part of the press, the force modulator according to claim 17, characterized in that it includes a pneumatic operator connected to the fixed part of the press that expands the force modulator concurrent with the The piston outside the fixed part of the press, a free return flow in the force modulator allows the hydraulic fluid to move freely from the vessel to the reservoir during the expansion of the force modulator, and the regulator includes the stages of progressive increase that control the flow velocity of the hydraulic fluid in the reservoir container. 25. In a mechanical press having a defined force for the progressive increase positions of a press piston capable of being moved relative to the fixed part of the press, the force modulator according to claim 17, characterized in that the The regulator includes a plunger capable of being moved in response to the movement of the piston, the reservoir includes an elongated tube that slidably receives the plunger, the tube has a plurality of openings spaced along the extension thereof, which regulate the Flow rate of the hydraulic fluid out of the reservoir, a free flow return in the force modulator allows the hydraulic fluid to move freely from the vessel to the reservoir when the force modulator is expanded, and a pneumatic operator connected to the part fixed of the press that .. expands the force modulator concurrent with the movement of the piston outside the fixed part of the press sa 26. A mechanical press, characterized in that it comprises: a. a fixed matrix, b. a matrix capable of being moved, which can move towards the fixed matrix along a closing axis and matrix opening, c. a piston that drives the matrix capable of being moved towards the fixed matrix along the axis, d. a force modulator operatively connected in order to exert a force in the direction of the axis between the fixed matrix and the matrix capable of being moved, the force is variable in response to the position of the matrix capable of being moved in relation to the to the fi rm matrix, the force modulator in turn comprises: e. a base plate, f. a moveable plate that can be moved relative to the base plate, ie an elastic pneumatic bellows having one end mounted in a sealed manner on the moveable plate, the elastic pneumatic bellows has an opposite end mounted in the form sealed on the base plate, H. a container connected to one of the plates, i. a regulation cylinder mounted on the same plate as the container and located inside it, j. a piston assembly placed in a sliding manner in the regulating cylinder, k. a piston rod having one end connected to the piston assembly and an opposite end connected to the other end of the plates, the adjustment cylinder has a plurality of holes along its extension, which regulate the flow of fluid The hydraulic cylinder of the regulating cylinder towards the container, as the piston assembly moves from a starting position towards the regulating cylinder and thereby regulating a force on the piston rod in response to the position of the plate susceptible to being moved in relation to the base plate and with which, they coact with the defined force that is applied by the piston. 27. A mechanical press, characterized in that it comprises: a. a fixed die, a press piston movably mounted relative to the fixed portion, a die assembly having a female portion connected to the piston and a male portion connected to the fixed portion and which can be coupled with the female portion, d, a force modulator that exerts a predetermined force on the press piston for positions of progressive increase of the piston in response to the position thereof relative to the fixed portion of the press; and e. a matrix ring surrounding the male portion and being connected to the medium, the matrix ring is releasably secured to a workpiece to hold a peripheral portion of the workpiece between the matrix ring and one of the portions of the die assembly while the work piece is formed by the die assembly.