PROCEDURE TO COMBAT FUNGAL DISEASES IN THE LEGUMINOUS
The invention relates to a method for combating the attack of rust on legumes. Until recently, in the most important agricultural sectors of legumes (especially soya), there were no legal attacks such as rust that were of economic importance. However, in the years 2001 and 2002, multiple intensive attacks of rust on soybean crops caused by the harmful fungi Phakospora pachyrhizi and Phakospora meibomiau occurred in South America. This was the cause of considerable losses in the harvest and in yields. Most of the usual fungicides are inadequate to combat rust in soybeans. It has now been found with some surprise that the application of an aqueous preparation of a formulation containing strobilurin on the aerial plant parts (which have emerged) -especially the leaves of the legumes- makes it possible to combat fungi of the rust in an outstanding manner. In particular, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, cresoxim-methyl, methominostrobin, orisastrobin or picoxystrobin, and especially pyraclostrobin, have been proven for the treatment of the aforementioned fungal diseases. The strobilurins are known in the pertinent technical literature (see: www.hclrss.demon.co-uk).
.- Dimoxystrobin, acetamide, disclosed in EP-A 477 631 and EP-A 398 692; .- fluoxastrobin, (E ^ - (2- [6-chlorophenoxy) -5-fiuorpixii ^, 4,2-dioxazin-3-yl) methanone O-methyloxime, disclosed in WO 95/047 728:. - cresoxim-methyl, (EJ-methoxyimino (α-photolyloxy) -o-tolyl methyl acetate, disclosed in EP 253 213; - metominostrobin, (E) -2- (methoxyirnmo) -N-me disclosed in EP-A 398 692; - orisastrobin, (7i? J-2- (methoxyimino) -2-. {2- 2- [5 £, 5 £, 6T) -5- { methoxy immo) -4,6-dimethyl-2,8-dioxa-3,7-diazanone-3,6-dien-l-yl] phenyl} - N-rnetyl acetamide. disclosed in WO-A 97/15552; .- the picoxystrobin, (E ^ -3-methoxy-2-. {2- 2- [6Mtriñuorm methyl acrylate, revealed for example in the document EP 278 595: .- the pyraclostrobin, N- (2- [l- (4-chlorofeml) -ljr-pyrazole-3 ^ methyl carbamate, disclosed for example in document EP 804 421. In addition to its outstanding effects on La roya, strobilurines raise the potential yield (yield) of legume crops (expressed in units of production per ha cultivated.) The following crop plants are included in the legumes: beans, chickpeas, lentils, peanuts, lupm.es., and especially soybeans, in terms of yield increases. they can not be attributed to the direct fungicidal effect of strobilurins, but they have already been used in the case of the application of strobilurins in cereals (oehle H el al "in: Gesdede Pflanze ('Healthy Plants') 49 (1997), Glaab et al., Planta 207 (1999), 442-448.) In the case of the use of strobilurir-is. of pyraclostrobin in soybeans, the increase in yield is surprisingly high. The increase in yield, in combination with the anti-rust effect of strobilurins in legumes, makes the method according to the invention especially interesting for the farmer. By using pyraclostrobin it is possible to achieve excellent results. On the other hand, by means of the method according to the invention it is also possible to combat other harmful fungi very well, which frequently occur in legumes. The main fungal diseases in the case of soybeans are the following: - Microsphaera diffusa. Cercospora kikuchi .- Cercospora sojina .- Septoria gly cinemas .- Colletotríchum truncatum. The strobilurins are also suitable for combating the aforementioned diseases. However, strobilurins can also occur along with other active substances, such as for example with herbicides, insecticides, plant growth regulators, fungicides, or also with fertilizers. By mixing the sprabilurins, or depending on the case of the agent that contains them in its application form as a fungicide together with other fungicides. an increase in the spectrum of effectiveness is obtained in many cases. The following list of fungicides together with which is to apply the compounds according to the invention, is intended to clarify the possible combinations, but without limiting them: acylalanines such as benaxalyl, metalaxyl, ofurace, oxadixyl; .- the amine derivatives such as aldimorf, dodin, dodemorf, phenpropimorf, fenpropidin, guzatine, iminoctadine, spiroxamine, tridemorph; .- the anilinopirimidines such as pyrimethanil, mepanipirimat or cirodinil; antibiotics such as cycloheximide, griseofulvin, kasugamycin, natamycin, polyoxin or estroptomycin; .- azoles such as Bitertanol, Bromoconazole, Ciproconozole, Difenoconazole, Dinitronazole, Epoxicobnazol, Fenbuconazole, Fluquiconazole, Flusilazole, Hexaconazole, Imazalil, Metconazole, Miclobutanil, Penconazole, Propiconazole, Prochloraz, Protioconazole, Tebuconazole, Triadimefom, Triadimenol, Triflumizol, Triticonazole; .- the dicarboximides such as Iprodion, Miclozolin, Procirnidon, Vinclozolin; .- the dithiocarbamates such as Ferbam, Nabam, Maneb, Mancozeb, Metam, Metiram, Propinab, Polycarbamate, Thiram, Ziram, Zineb; .- the heterocyclic compounds such as Anilazine, Benomil, Boscalid, Carbendazin, Carboxim, Oxicarbozm, Ciazofamid, Dazomet, Ditianon, Farnoxadon, Fenamidon, Fenarimol, Fuberidazole, Flutolanil, Flurametpir, Isoprotiolan, Mepronil, Nuarimol, Probenazole, Proquinazid, Pirifenox, Pyroquilon, Quinoxifene, Silthiopham, Thiabendazole, Tifluzamid, Tiofanat-methyl, Tiadinil, Tricyclazole, Triforin; .- copper-based fungicides such as broth bordels, copper acetate, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate; .- the nitrophenyl derivatives, such as Binapacryl, Dinocap, Dinobuton, Nitrofat-isopropyl; .- the phenylpyrroles such as Fenpiclonil or Fludioxonil; .- the sulfur;
.- other fungicides such as Aciblar-S-methyl, Bentiavalicarb, Carpropamid, Chlorothalonil, Ciflufenamide, Dazomet, Diclomezin, Diclomet, Dietofencarb, Edifenfos, Etaboxam, Fenliexamide, Fentin-acetate, Fenoxanil, Ferimzona, Fluazinam, Fosetil, Fosetil-aluminio , Iprovalicarb, Hexachlorobl, Metrafenon, Pencicuron, Ftalida, Toloclofos-methyl, Quintozene, Zoxamid; .- strobilurins such as Azoxystrobin, Dimoxystrobin, Fluoxastrobin, Kresoxim-methyl, Methominostrobin, Orisastrobin, Picostrobin, Piraclostrobin or Trinoxystrobin; .- sulfenic acid derivatives such as Captafol, Captano, Diclofiuanida, Folpet, Tolilfluanida; .- Cinnamic acid amides and their analogues such as Dimetomorf, Flumetover or Flumorf. Estrobilurin mixtures with an azole, such as, for example, Bromoconazole, Ciproconazole, Epoxiconazole, Fenbuconazole, Fluquiconazole, Flusilazole, Metconazole, Miclobutanil, Propiconazole, Prochloraz, Protioconazole, Tebuconazole, etc. have proved especially suitable for the process according to the invention. Triticonazole Especially preferred is the mixture of Piraclostrobin with Epoxiconazole. Strobilurins are used to treat fungi or plants, materials or soils, to be protected against fangal attack, with an effective amount as a fungicide, of the active substances. In particular, the aerial vegetable parts of the legumes, especially the leaves, are treated with an aqueous preparation of the active substances. The use can take place both before and after the infection of the materials or plants by the fungi. The fungicidal agents generally contain between 0.1 and 95, preferably between 0.5 and 90% by weight, of active substance. The amounts to be applied for the protection of the plants depend on the type of effect desired, and are in the range of 0.01 to 2.0 kg of active substance per hectare. For the treatment of the seeds, amounts of active substance from 0.001 to 0.1 g, preferably from 0.01 to 0.05 g per kg of seeds are generally required.
The strobilurins can be incorporated into the customary formulations, for example solvents, emulsions, suspensions, fine powders, powders, pastes and granules. The form of the application depends on the intended purpose; whatever the case, it must ensure a homogeneous distribution of the inventive compound. The formulations are prepared in known manner, that is, by mixing the active substance and / or carrier substances, optionally by the use of emulsion promoting agents and dispersing agents. For this purpose, solvent / adjuvants are used essentially in the following: water, aromatic solvents (for example Solvesso products, xylol), parafams (for example, petroleum fractions), alcohols (for example methanol, butanol, pentanol, bl alcohol), ketones (for example cyclohexanones,? -butrilactone), pyrrolidones (NMP, NOP), acetates (glycol diacetate), glycols, dimethyl-fatty acid amides, fatty acids and fatty acid esters. Basically it is also possible to use mixtures of solvents; - vegetable substances such as ground natural stone flours (for example, kaolin, clay soils, talc, chalk) and ground synthetic synthetic flours (for example, highly dispersed silicic aphid, silicates); emulsifying agents such as non-iogenous and anionic emulsifiers (for example, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether, alkylsulfonates and arylsulfonates) and dispersing agents such as lignin sulfate and methyl cellulose. The active surface substances are alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and ammonium salts, lignin sulphonic acid, naphthalene sulphonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, dibutylnaphthalene sulphonic acid, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alcohol sulphates. fatty, fatty acids and glycol ethers of sulphated fatty alcohols, as well as products of the condensation of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, products of naphthalene condensation or, as the case may be, naphthalenesulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylenectylphenol ether, isooctylphenol ethoxylated, octylphenol, nonylphenol, alkylphenol polyglycollether, tributylphenyl polyglycol ether, triesterylphenylpolyglycol ether, alkylarylpolyether alcohols, condensates of ethylene oxides of alcohols and fatty alcohols, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetal , sorbitol ester, lignin and sulphate lyes, and methyl cellulose. For the preparation of sprayable solutions, emulsions, pastes or dispersions in oil, fractions of mineral oils with a medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, are also used for coal tar oils as well as to oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydro naphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or derivatives thereof, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, isophorone , very polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone or water. X Dusting, spreading or blowing agents can be prepared by mixing or grinding together the active substances with a solid inert material.
Granules, for example coated, impregnated and homogeneous granulates, can be prepared by binding the active substance to solid carrier substances. Solid carrier substances include, for example, mineral soils such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attapulgite clay, limestone, lime, chalk, bolus alba, loess, clay, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate. and magnesium, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers such as for example ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas and plant products such as cereal flour, tree bark, fine wood and bark sawdust of nuts, cellulose powder and other solid vehicles. In general, the formulations contain between about 0.01 and 95% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 90% by weight, of the active substance. For this purpose, the active substances are applied with a purity of 90 to 100%, preferably 95 to 100% (according to the NMR spectrum). As examples of formulation we have the following: 1.- Products to be diluted in water: A) .- Water-soluble concentrates (SL) 10 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are dissolved in water or in a water-soluble solvent. As an alternative, wetting agents or other adjuvants are added. During dilution in water the active substance dissolves. B) .- Dispersible concentrates (DC) 20 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are dissolved in cyclohexanone together with the addition of a dispersing agent such as for example polyvinyl pyrrolidone. When the dilution is carried out in water, a dispersion is generated. C) .- Emulsifiable concentrates (EC) 15 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are dissolved in xylol together with the addition of Ca-dodecylbenzole sulfonate and ethoxylated castor oil (each at 5%). When the dilution is carried out in water, an emulsion is obtained. D) .- Emulsions (EW, EO) 40 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are dissolved in xylol together with the addition of Ca-dodecylbenzole sulfonate and ethoxylated castor oil (each at 5%). This mixture is introduced into water by an emulsifying machine (Ultraturax) and transformed into a homogeneous emulsion. When the dilution is carried out in water, an emulsion is obtained. E) .- Suspensions (SC, OD) 20 parts by weight of a composition according to the invention are reduced to particles together with the addition of dispersing and wetting agents and water or an inert solvent, in a spherical mill agitation, obtaining a fine dispersion of the active substance. When the dilution is carried out in water, a stable suspension of the active substance is obtained. F) Water-soluble and water-soluble granules (WG, SG) 50 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are ground finely together with the addition of dispersing and wetting agents, and by technical apparatus (eg example, extrusion, spray tower, vortex layer) are transformed into water-dispersible or water-soluble granules. When the dilution is carried out in water, a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance is obtained. G) Water-dispersible and water-soluble powder (WP, SP) 75 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are milled in a Rotor-Strator mill together with the addition of dispersing and wetting agents as well as of silicic acid gel. When the dilution is carried out in water, a dispersion or solution is obtained. 2.- Products for direct application H) .- Fine powders (DP) 5 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are ground finely and intimately mixed with 95% parts of kaolin in the form of fine particles. In this way a dusting agent is obtained. I). Granules (GR, FG, GG, MG) 0.5 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are finely mixed and ligated with water., 5% by weight of vehicle material. For this purpose the usual procedures are extrusion, spray drying or whirling layer. In this way, a granulate is obtained for direct application. J) .- ULV (UL) solutions 10 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are dissolved in an organic solvent, for example xylene. In this way you get product for direct application. The active substances can be applied as such, in the form of their formulations or as application forms prepared therefrom, for example in the form of directly sprayable solutions, powders, suspensions or dispersions, emulsions, dispersions in oil, pastes, agents of dusting, dispersing agents, granulates, by spraying, fogging, spraying or pouring. The forms of application depend completely on the purpose envisaged in each case; whatever the case, they must allow the finest possible distribution of the inventive active substance. The aqueous application forms can also be prepared in the form of emulsifiable concentrates, pastes or wettable powders (spraying powders, dispersions in oil) by the addition of water. For the preparation of emulsions, pastes or dispersions in oil, substances can be present as they are, dissolved in an oil or solvent, or homogenized in water by means of wetting, adhesion, dispersion or emulsification agents. However, it is also possible to prepare concentrates consisting of active substance, wetting, adhesion, dispersion or emulsion agents, and optionally solvent or oil, which concentrates are suitable to be diluted with water. The concentration of the active substance in ready-to-apply preparations can be varied over a very wide range. In general, they are between 0.0001 and 10%, preferably between 0.01 and 1%. The active substances can also be used successfully in the ULV process (Ultra-Low-Volume-Verfahren, Ultra Low Volume Procedure), by means of which it is possible to apply formulations with more than 95% active substance or even the active substance without additives It is possible to add to the active substances oils of various types, wetting agents, adjuvants, herbicides, fungicides, other agents to combat pests, bactericides, possibly also in the first instance just before application (tank mixture). Said agents can be added in the form of a mixture to the agents according to the invention, in a weight ratio of 1: 10 to 10: 1. Application Example During the phase of the filling of the pods of the plants, we proceeded in experimental fields in Brazil to treat the leaves of soybean plants of the variety "RS 10" that presented an incidence of 8 to 12% of attacks (infections ) by the Phakopsora pac yrizi, using the usual apparatuses in practice using a mixture consisting of Epoxiconazole (at a rate of 4.6 g / ha) and Piraclostrobin (at a rate of 12.2 g / ha), in 200 liters of water per ha. Twelve days after the treatment the attack on the untreated leaves, but attacked, had been expanded to a degree that covered 83% of the leaf surface. On the other hand, in the plots treated with the mixture just described, the attack by the Phakopsora pachyrizi reached only 25%. This reduction of the attack led, together with the performance promoting properties of strobilurin, in this case the Piraclostrobin, to an increase of the yield of 53% referred to the performance of the controls that had not been subjected to treatment.