MXPA01003411A - Detergent and descaling composition tablets and use in dishwasher and washing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns detergent and descaling composition tablets comprising compacted sodium tripolyphosphate particles with a high phase I content and water homogeneously distributed in said sodium tripolyphosphate, said tablets being characterised in that said sodium tripolyphosphate present in the tablet or in a region of the tablet contains:70%to 100%wt.%, preferably 80%to 98 wt.%of phase I relative to all the anhydrous tripolyphosphate phases;7%to 16%of its weight in water, at least 50%, preferably 70%to 90%of said water being in the form of crystallisation water.

Description

TABLETS OF COMPOSITION DETERGENT OR ANTICALCAREA AND ITS USE IN DISHWASHERS OR WASHING OF CLOTHES 'Description of the Invention The present invention has as its objective the tablets of compacted detergent or anticalcarea composition particles; these can be put into operation for carrying out laundry operations in a washing machine or dishwasher. It is known to prepare the detergent compositions in the form of tablets having a rate of disintegration and rapid dissolution in aqueous media, by compaction of the particles comprising sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP), the NaTPP is composed of at least 40% phase I and containing 0.5 to 5% by weight of hydration water distributed homogeneously (European Patent EP-A-839 906). The applicant has found that the presence of a higher amount of water in the NaTPP constituted mainly of phase I, allows to avoid the transfer of water present in the tablet to this NaTPP, thus preventing the risks of heating the tablet with disintegration of sensitive constituents such as enzymes, mainly. In addition, the presence of a higher amount of water allows the number of hydrated NaTPP germs to be multiplied and thus facilitates disintegration and dissolution of the tablet. A first objective of the invention consists of tablets of detergent or anticalcarea composition comprising compacted particles based on sodium tripolyphosphate having a high proportion of phase I and of water distributed in a homogeneous manner in said sodium tripolyphosphate, characterized tablets because the sodium tripolyphosphate present in the tablet or in a region of the tablet, * contain from 70 to 100%, preferably from 80% to 98% by weight of phase I in relation to the whole of the phases of sodium tripolyphosphate anhydrous * contain from 7% to 16% preferably from 8 to 12% of their water weight, at least 50%, and preferably 70% to 90% of this water is in the form of water of crystallization. The sodium tripolyphosphate containing from 70% to 100% by weight of phase I and from 7 to 16% of water, can represent from 5% to 100%, preferably of the order of 10% to 90% by weight (expressed in dry weight) relative to the weight of the tablet (dry) or the region of the tablet in which it is placed. The NaTPP, constituted at least mainly of phase I put into operation for the manufacture of the tablets of the invention, can be obtained according to a three-stage process, spray-drying of a sodium orthophosphate liquor, calcination in anhydrous NaTPP. Phase I, and hydration. The spray drying step can be carried out in a known manner, for example with the aid of a nozzle or turbine atomizer, by operating a sodium orthophosphate liquor having a dry extract which can be of the order of 50% by weight. 70% preferably of the order of 60% by weight, and a porogenic element, of ammonium carbonate mainly, injected into the orthophosphate liquor in the spray head; the proportion of ammonium carbonate introduced can be of the order of 0.1 to 0.6 by weight (expressed in dry) for 100 parts of orthophosphate of (expressed in dry). The inlet temperature of the attack gases depends on the size of the atomizer and on the expenses or flows of the fluids; this can be of the order of 500 to 600 ° C. The outlet temperature of the gases may be between 120 to 200 ° C, preferably between 140 and 160 ° C. The orthophosphate particles obtained in this way generally have a residual moisture of less than 5% by weight; its volumetric mass is of the order of 0.25 g / cm3 to 0.45 g / cm3, preferably of the order of 0.35 g / cm3; their average diameter is generally between 200 and 400 μm, preferably of the order of 300 μm. The calcination operation can be carried out in a known manner, for example in a rotary furnace from direct flame to co-current, the product is directly cooled after calcination. The sodium orthophosphate introduced can be calcined in approximately 30 minutes to one hour, up to a temperature of 450 to 600 ° C, preferably from 490 to 530 ° C. The product obtained in this way is a NaTPP powder consisting mainly of phase I (of the order of 70 to 100%); it has a granulometry of the order of 250 to 450 μm, preferably of the order of 350 μm; its volumetric mass is of the order of 0.4 g / cm3 to 0.65 g / cm3, preferably of the order of 0.55 g / cm3. The NaTPP powder is then hydrated by spraying water, for example in a drum, a quick mixer or a fluidized bed, provided with two-fluid nozzle type sprayers generating droplets of the order of 20 μm to 300 μm, preferably order of 100 μm, until obtaining a proportion in water ("water of hydration") of the NaTPP in the particles, of the order of 7 to 16%. Preferably, this proportion in water is of the order of 8 to 12%. The volumetric mass of the product is less than or equal to 0.8 g / cm 3, preferably from 0.45 g / cm 3 to 0.65 g / cm 3. According to a first variant embodiment, this hydration step is carried out by spraying an aqueous solution of a base or an alkaline salt, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aqueous solutions of alkali metal silicates, tripolyphosphate of sodium, etc. Mention may be made, in particular, of spraying an aqueous solution of NaTPP, preferably containing less than 20 ppm of calcium or magnesium, preferably to form nuclei of NaTPP »6H20. A second variant embodiment consists of carrying out the hydration step by spraying an aqueous solution of a wetting agent such as nonionic surfactants such as polyethoxylated fatty alcohols, or of a sequestering agent such as the salts of the polyacetic acids (ethylenediaminetetraacetates, etc.), polyphosphonates (1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonates of ethane, salts of methylene diphosphonates, etc.). According to a variant of the invention, said tablets further comprise at least one different sodium tripolyphosphate, for example a sodium tripolyphosphate having a phase I ratio of less than 70%, or a tripolyphosphate constituted mainly or entirely of phase II . More particularly, the different sodium tripolyphosphate is a sodium tripolyphosphate having a phase II ratio of at least 70% with respect to the whole of the sodium tripolyphosphate anhydrous phases, and a proportion in water ranging from 0 to 15. %, preferably of the order of 5 to 10%. The different sodium tripolyphosphate can be present in the tablets of the invention in an amount such that the total amount of NaTPP in the tablets is of the order of 5 to 100%, preferably 10 to 90% depending on the intended use. The tablets forming the object of the invention can be detergent tablets for washing clothes or washing dishes, in the same way as anti-calcareous tablets. These may include one or two, or even several regions. When it comes to tablets that include two regions, the sodium tripolyphosphate containing from 70 to 100% by weight of phase I and from 7 to 16% of water, is preferably located in the two regions of the tablet. When it comes to laundry tablets, the amount of said sodium tripolyphosphate containing from 70% to 100% by weight of phase I and from 7 to 16% of water, can represent from 5% to 80%, preferably from order of 10% to 60% by weight (expressed in dry) in relation to the weight of the tablet (dry) or the region of the tablet in which it is placed. Among the different additives that may be present in laundry tablets, there may be mentioned: sodium tripolyphosphates having a phase I ratio of less than 70%, or tripolyphosphates consisting mainly or completely of phase II, mainly tripolyphosphates constituted of at least 70% of phase II in relation to the group of the anhydrous phases, and which have a water content of 0 to 15%, preferably of the order of 5 to 10%; these may be present in the tablets in such amount that the total amount of NaTPP in the tablets is of the order of 5 to 60%, preferably from 10 to 50%, the different or organic mineral detergency builders ("additives"), in an amount of up to 50% by weight, adjuvants such as hexametaphosphates of alkali metals, ammonium or alkanolamines; tetraborates or precursors of borates, amorphous or crystallized alkali metal silicates alkali metal carbonates cogranulates of hydrated alkali metal silicates and alkali metal carbonates (sodium or potassium) rich in silicon atoms under the form Q2 or Q3 , described in European patent EP-A-488 868, for powder detergent compositions - crystalline or amorphous aluminosilicates of alkali metals (sodium, potassium) or ammonium, such as zeolites A, P, X, etc. - water-soluble polyphosphonates (1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonates of ethane, salts of methylene diphosphonates, etc.) water-soluble salts of polymers or carboxylic copolymers such as water-soluble salts of polycarboxylic acids of molecular mass of the order of 2,000 to 100,000, obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, maleic acid or anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid, methylenemalonic acid, and more particularly polyacrylates of the molecular mass of the order from 2,000 to ,000 (United States Patent US-A-3,308,067), the copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic anhydride of molecular mass of the order of ,000 to 75,000 (European patent EP-A-66,915) the polycarboxylated ethers (oxydisuccinic acid and its salts, monosuccinic acid tartrate and its salts, disuccinic acid tartrate and its salts, hydroxypolycarboxylate ethers, citric acid and its salts, melific acid, succinic acid and its salts, salts of polyacetic acids (ethylenediaminetetraacetates, nitrilotriacetates, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -nitrilodiacetates) acids (alkyl of 5 to 20 carbon atoms) -succinic and ss salts (2-dodecenylsuccinates, lauryl succinates, etc.) polyacetal carboxylic esters - polyaspartic acid , polyglutamic acid and its salts - polyimides derived from the polycondensation of aspartic acid and / or glutamic acid, - polycarboxymethylated derivatives of glutamic acid [such as N, N-bis (carboxymethyl) glutamic acid and its salts, sodium mainly] or of other amino acids, the anionic or nonionic surfactants in an amount of the order of 5 to 40% by weight, agents such as: anionic surfactants (in quantities of the order of 0 to 20%) such as: the alkyl esters of sulfonates of the formula R-CH (S03M) -COOR '; where R represents an alkyl radical of 8 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably of 10 to 16 carbon atoms, R 'an alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably of 1 to 3 carbon atoms and M a cation alkaline (sodium, potassium, lithium), substituted or unsubstituted ammonium (methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-, tetramethylammonium, dimethylpiperidinium, etc.) or derivative of an alkanolamine (monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, etc.); the alkyl sulfates of the formula ROSO3M, where R represents an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical of 5 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, M represents a hydrogen atom or a cation of the same definition as given above , as well as its ethoxylated (OE) and / or propoxylenated (OP) derivatives, which have on average 0.5 to 30 portions, preferably 0.5 to 10 OE and / or OP portions; the alkylamides of sulphates of the formula RCONHROSO3M, where R represents an alkyl radical of 2 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably of 6 to 20 carbon atoms, R 'an alkyl radical of 2 to 3 carbon atoms, M represents an atom of hydrogen or a cation of the same definition as given above, as well as their ethoxylated (OE) and / or propoxylenated (OP) derivatives, represent on average 0.5 to 60 OE and / or OP portions; . salts of saturated or unsaturated degrees of acids of 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably of 14 to 20 carbon atoms, alkylbenzenesulfonates of 9 to 20 carbon atoms, primary or secondary alkyl sulfonates of 8 to 20 carbon atoms, alkylglycerol sulfonates, the sulfonated polycarboxylic acids described in GB-A-1, 082, 179, paraffin sulphonates, N-acyl N-alkyltaurates, alkylphosphonates, isethionates, alkyl succinamates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, monoesters or diesters of sulfosuccinates, • the N-acyl sarcosinates, the alkyl glucoside sulfates, the polyethoxycarboxylates, the cation being an alkali metal (sodium, potassium, lithium), a substituted or unsubstituted ammonium residue (methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-, tetramethyl-ammonium, dimethylpiperidinium, etc.) or derivative of an alkanolamine (monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, etc.); . sophorolipids, such as those in the form of acid or lactone, derivatives of 17-hydroxyoctadecenic acid; nonionic surfactants (in amounts of the order of 0 to 30%) such as: polyoxyalkylenated alkylphenols (polyethoxyethylenated, polyoxypropylenated, polyoxybutylenated) where the alkyl substituent is 6 to 12 carbon atom, and containing from 5 to 25 oxyalkylene portions; as an example, we can mention the TRITÓN X-45, X-114, X-100 or X-102 marketed by Rohm & amp;; Haas Cy., IGEPAL NP2 to NP17 of RHÓNE-POULENC; . the polyoxyalkylenated aliphatic alcohols of 8 to 22 carbon atoms containing from 1 to 25 oxyalkylene portions (oxyethylene, oxypropylene); by way of example, mention may be made of TERGITOL 15-S-9, TERGITOL 24-L-6 NMW marketed by Union Carbide Corp., NEODOL 45-9, NEODOL 23-65, NEODOL 45-7, NEODOL 45-4 marketed by Shell Chemical Cy, KYRO EOB marketed by The Procter & Gamble cy, the SYNPERONIC A3 to A9 of ICI, RHODASURF IT, DB and B of RHÓNE-POULENC, PLURAFAC LF 403 marketed by BASF; . the products resulting from the condensation of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, of molecular weight by weight in the order of 2,000 to 10,000 such as the PLURONIC marketed by BASF; . the products resulting from the condensation of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with ethylene diamine, such as the TETRONIC products commercialized by BASF; . ethoxylated and / or propoxylated fatty acids of 8 to 18 carbon atoms containing from 5 to 25 ethoxylated and / or propoxylated portions; amides of acid grades of 8 to 20 carbon atoms containing from 5 to 30 ethoxylated portions; the ethoxylated amines containing from 5 to 30 ethoxylated portions; . the alkoxylated amidoamines containing from 1 to 50, preferably from 1 to 25, more particularly from 2 to 20, oxyalkylene (preferably oxyethylene) moieties; . amine oxides such as oxides of (alkyl of 10 to 18 carbon atoms) -dimethylamines, oxides of (alkoxy of 8 to 22 carbon atoms) -ethyldihydroxyethylamines; . the alkoxylated terpene hydrocarbons such as the ethoxylated and / or propoxylated α- or β-pinenes, containing from 1 to 30 oxyethylene and / or oxypropylene portions; the alkyl polyglucosides which can be obtained by condensation (for example by acid catalysis) of the glucose with the primary fatty alcohols (US Pat. Nos. 3,998,865; US Pat. No. 4,565,647; -132, 043; and EP-A-132,046) having an alkyl group of 4 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably of 8 to 18 carbon atoms, as well as an average number of glucose portions of the order of 0.5 to 3, preferably of the order of 1.1 to 1.8 per mole of alkyl polyglucoside (APG); Mention may be made principally of those having: * an alkyl group of 8 to 14 carbon atoms and on average 1.4 glucose per mole * an alkyl group of 12 to 14 carbon atoms and on average 1.4 glucose per mole * an alkyl group from 8 to 14 carbon atoms and on average 1.5 glucose per mole * an alkyl group of 8 to 10 carbon atoms and on average 1.6 glucose per mole portions marketed respectively under the names GLUCOPON 600 EC®, GLUCOPON 600 CSUP®, GLUCOPON 650 EC®, GLUCOPON 225 CSUP®, by HENKEL. Anti-dirt agents, in amounts of the order of 0.01 to 10%, preferably of the order of 0.1 to 5%, and more particularly of the order of 0.2 to 3% by weight, agents such as: the cellulose derivatives such as the hydroxyethers of cellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxybutylmethylcellulose, polyvinyl esters grafted onto polyalkylenes stretches such as polyvinylacetates grafted onto polyoxyethylene stretches (European patent EP-A-219 048) polyvinyl alcohols polyester copolymers based on ethylene terephthalate portions and / or propylene terephthalate and polyoxyethylene terephthalate, with a molar ratio (number of portions) of ethylene terephthalate and / or propylene terephthalate / (number of portions) polyoxyethylene terephthalate in the order of 1/10 to 10/1, the polyoxyethylene terephthalate portions have polyoxyethylene units having a molecular weight of the order of 300 to 10,000, with a co-polyester copolymer of the order of 1,000 to 100,000 polyester copolymers based on portions of ethylene terephthalate and / or propylene terephthalate and polyoxyethylene and / or polyoxypropylene, with a molar ratio (number of portions) ethylene terephthalate and / or terephthalate / p propylene / (number of portions) polyoxyethylene and / or polyoxypropylene of the order of 1/10 to 10/1, the polyoxyethylene and / or polyoxypropylene portions having a molecular weight of the order of 250 to 10,000, with a molecular weight of copolyester of the order from 1,000 to 100,000 (US Patents US-A-3, 959, 230, US-A-3,962,152, US-A-3, 893, 929, US-A-4, 116, 896, US-A- 4702,857, US-A-4,770, 666, European patents EP-A253,657, EP-A-201, 124) copolymers of ethylene or propylene terephthalate / polyoxyethylene terephthalate which include sulfoisophthaloyl portions in their chain (US Pat. United States US-A-4, 711, 730; US-A-4, 702, 857; US-A-4,713, 194) oligomers of terephthalic copolyesters with sulfonated polyalkyleneoxyalkyls, sulfoaroyls and optionally containing sulfoisophthaloyl moieties in their chain (US Pat. No. 4,721,580; US-A-5) , 415, 807, US-A-4,877,896, US-A-5, 182, 043, US-A-5, 599, 782, US-A-4,764,289, European Patent EP-A-311, 342, WO World Patent. 92/04433; WO 97/42293) the sulfonated terephthalic copolyesters of molecular mass below 20, 000, obtained for example from a diester of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, a diester of sulfoisophthalic acid and a diol, ethylene glycol in particular (World Patent WO 95/32997) polyesters-polyurethanes obtained by reaction of a polyester of molecular weight in the number of 300 to 4,000 obtained from a diester of terephthalic acid, optionally of a diester of sulphoisophthalic acid and of a diol, on a prepolymer with terminal isocyanate groups obtained from a polyoxyethylene glycol of molecular mass of 600 to 4,000 and of a diisocyanate (US Pat. No. 4,201,824) the sulphonated polyester oligomers obtained by suifonation of an oligomer derived from ethoxylated allyl alcohol, dimethyl terephthalate and 1,2-propylene diol, which they have from 1 to 4 sulphonated groups (US Pat. No. 4,968,451). Antiredeposition agents, in amounts of about 0.01 to 10% by weight for a detergent powder composition, agents such as: - the ethoxylated monoamines or polyamines, the ethoxylated amine polymers (US Pat. No. US-A-4, 597, 898, European patent EP-A-11,984) carboxymethylcellulose - the sulphonated polyester oligomers obtained by condensation of isophthalic acid, dimethyl sulfosuccinate and diethylene glycol (French patent FR-A-2, 236, 926) polyvinylpyrrolidones whitening agents in an amount of about 0.1% to 20%, preferably 1-10% of the weight of the powder detergent composition, such as: the perborates such as sodium perborate monohydrate or tetrahydrate, the peroxygen compounds such as the carbonate of sodium peroxyhydrate, pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate, urea peroxyhydrate, sodium peroxide, sodium persulfate, - percarboxylic acids and their ales (so-called "percarbonates") such as magnesium monoperoxyphthalate hexahydrate, magnesium metachloroperbenzoate, 4-nonylamino-4-oxoperoxybutyric acid, 6-nonylamino-6-oxoperoxycaproic acid, diperoxydecanedioic acid, peroxysuccinic acid nonilamide, the decyliperoxysuccinic acid, preferably associated with a whitening activator that generates in situ in the washing or leaching medium, a carboxylic acid peroxyacid; among these activators, there may be mentioned tetraacetylethylene diamine, tetraacetylmethylenediamine, tetraacetylglucoluril, sodium p-acetoxybenzenesulfonate, pentaacetylglucose, octaacetyl lactose, etc. the fluorescence agents, in an amount of about 0.05-1.2% by weight, agents such as the stilbene derivatives, pyrazoline, coumarin, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid, azoles, metincyanines, thiophenes, etc. the suppressive agents of the foams in amounts that can go up to 5% by weight, agents such as the monocarboxylic fatty acids of 10 to 24 carbon atoms or their alkali salts, of ammonium or of alkanolamines, the triglycerides of fatty acids saturated or unsaturated aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or heterocyclic hydrocarbons, such as paraffins, waxes N-alkylaminotriazines - monostearyl phosphates, monostearyl phosphate phosphates1 polyorganosiloxane oils or resins optionally combined with silica particles; the softening agents, in amounts of approximately 0.5 to 10% by weight, agents such as clays enzymes in an amount that can go up to 5 mg by weight, preferably of the order of 0.05-3 mg of active enzyme / g of composition detergent, enzymes such as proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, peroxidases (U.S. Patents US-A-3553139, US-A-4-101457, US-A-4, 507, 219, US-A-4) , 261, 868) and other additives such as: alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, propanediol, ethylene glycol, glycerin), buffering or fillers such as sodium sulfate, carbonates or bicarbonates of alkaline earth metals, pigments - agents compaction agents disintegrators such as polyethylene glycols. When it comes to dishwashing tablets, the amount of said sodium tripolyphosphate containing from 70% to 100% by weight of phase I and from 7 to 16% of water, can represent from 10% to 90% by weight (expressed in dry) in relation to the weight of the tablet (dry) or the region of the tablet in which it is placed. Among the additional additives that may be present in the dishwashing tablets, there may be mentioned: the sodium tripolyphosphates having a phase I ratio of less than 70%, or the tripolyphosphates constituted mainly or completely of the phase II, mainly the tripolyphosphates constituted of at least 70% of phase II in relation to the group of the anhydrous phases and which have a water content of 0 to 15%, preferably of the order of 5 to 10%, these can be present in the tablets in such quantity that the total amount of the NaTPP in the tablets is of the order of 20 to 80% the additional alkalizing additives or sequestrants soluble in the leaching or washing medium such as: hexametaphosphates of alkali metals, of ammonium or of alkanolamines. tetraborates or borate precursors, alkali metal silicates (0 to 30% by weight), alkali metal carbonates (0 to 30% by weight), co-granulates of hydrated alkali metal silicates and alkali metal carbonates (sodium or of potassium) rich in silicon atoms under the form Q2 or Q3, described in European patent EP-A-488,868, for powder detergent compositions, crystalline or amorphous aluminosilicates of alkali metals (sodium, potassium) or ammonium , such as zeolites A, P, X, etc. water-soluble polyphosphonates (1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonates, ethane, ethylene bisphosphonate salts), water-soluble salts of carboxylic polymers or copolymers such as water-soluble salts of polycarboxylic acids with a molecular weight of the order of 2,000 to 100,000, obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, maleic acid or anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid, methylene-alonic acid, and more particularly polyacrylates of molecular mass of the order from 2,000 to 10,000 (United States Patent US-A-3, 308, 067), copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic anhydride of molecular weight of the order of 5,000 to 75,000 (European patent EP-A-66, 915) the polycarboxylate ethers (oxydisuccinic acid and its salts, monosuccinic acid tartrate and its salts, disuccinic acid tartrate and its salts) . the hydroxypolycarboxylate ethers. citric acid and its salts, mellitic acid, succinic acid and its salts. the salts of polyacetic acids (ethylenediaminetetraacetates, nitrilotriacetates, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -nitrilodiacetates). the acids (alkyl of 5 to 20 carbon atoms) -succinic acid and its salts (2-dodecenylsuccinates, laurylsuccinates, etc.). esters of carboxylic polyacetals. polyaspartic acid, polyglutamic acid and its salts. polyimides derived from the polycondensation of aspartic acid and / or glutamic acid, polycarboxymethylated derivatives of glutamic acid [such as N, N-bis (carboxymethyl) glutamic acid and its sodium salts mainly] or of other amino acids - bicarbonates and sesquicarbonates of alkaline metals, whitening agents such as perborates and alkali metal percarbonates (from 0 to 20%) associated with a whitening activator (tetraacetyllenediamine) (up to 10%) and possibly associated with a whitening catalyst (organometallic complexes of manganese, cobalt, etc.) (0 to 1%) nonionic surfactants (0.2 to 5%) as. polyoxyalkylenated alkylphenols (polyethoxyethylenated, polyoxypropylenated, polyoxybutylenated) where the alkyl substituent is 6 to 12 carbon atoms and containing from 5 to 25 oxyalkylene portions; by way of example, TRITON X-45, X-114, X-100 or X-102 marketed by Rohm & Haas Cy, the IGEPAL NP2 to NP17 of RHÓNE-POULENC; alioxy alcohols of 8 to 22 polyoxyalkylenated carbon atoms containing from 1 to 25 oxyalkylene portions (oxyethylene, oxypropylene); by way of example, mention may be made of TERGITOL 15-S-9, TERGITOL 24-L6 NMW marketed by Union Carbide Corp. NEODOL 45-9, NEODOL 23-65, NEODOL 45-7, NEODOL 45-4 marketed by Shell Chemical Cy, KYRO EOB marketed by The Procter & Gamble Cy, the CYNPERONIC A3 to A9 of ICI, the RHODASURF IT, DB and B of RHONE-POULENC, PLURAFAC LF 403 marketed by BASF; the products resulting from the condensation of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, of molecular weight by weight in the range of 2,000 to 10,000, such as the PLURONIC marketed by BASF; the products resulting from the condensation of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with ethylene diamine, such as TETRONIC marketed by BASF; . ethoxylated and / or propoxylated fatty acids of 8 to 18 carbon atoms containing 5 to 25 ethoxylated and / or propoxylated portions; . amides of fatty acids of 8 to 20 carbon atoms containing from 5 to 30 ethoxylated portions; the ethoxylated amines containing from 5 to 30 ethoxylated portions; . the alkoxylated amidoamines containing 1 50, preferably 1 to 25, more particularly 2 to 20, oxyalkylene (preferably oxyethylene) moieties; amine oxides such as the oxides of (C 10 -C 18 alkyl) -dimethylamines, the oxides of (C 8 -C 22 alkoxy) ethyldihydroxyethylamines; alkoxylated terpene hydrocarbons such as ethoxylated and / or propoxylated α- or β-pinenes, containing from 1 to 30 oxyethylene and / or oxypropylene portions; anionic surfactants (0 to 5%) enzymes (0 to 4%) dyes, perfumes - auxiliary agents for compaction, such as polyethylene glycols, or for the disintegration of tablets. When it comes to anticalcareas tablets, the amount of said sodium tripolyphosphate containing from 70% to 100% by weight of phase I and from 7 to 16% of water, can represent from 10% to 100%, preferably from 20 to 100%. 90% by weight (expressed in dry) in relation to the weight of the tablet (dry) or the region of the tablet in which it is placed. Among the different additives that may be present in the anti-calcareous tablets, there may be mentioned: the sodium tripolyphosphates having a phase I ratio of less than 70%, or the tripolyphosphates constituted mainly or entirely of phase II, mainly the tripolyphosphates constituted of minus 70% of phase II in relation to all the anhydrous phases and having a water content of 0 to 15%, preferably of the order of 5 to 10%; these may be present in the tablets in an amount such that the total amount of NaTPP in the tablets is of the order of 30 to 99%, preferably 50 to 90% - sodium hexametaphosphate (0 to 10%) amorphous or crystallized alkali metal silicates (0 to 30%) alkali metal carbonate (0 to 30%) crystalline or amorphous aluminosilicates of alkali metals or ammonium (0 to 30%) the water-soluble polyphosphonates (1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonates of ethane, salts of methylene diphosphonates, etc.) (0 to 5%) the water-soluble salts of polymers or carboxylic copolymers (0 to 20%) such as the water-soluble salts of polycarboxylic acids of molecular mass of the order of 2,000 to 100,000, obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, maleic acid or anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid, methylenemalonic acid, and more particularly polyacrylates, copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic anhydride surfactants (0 to 10%). The tablets forming the object of the invention can be obtained in a conventional manner by pressing in a mold, the desired amount of a particular composition that includes the different constituents of said tablets. The volumetric mass of the tablets can be of the order of 0.9 to 2 g / cm 3, depending on the use sought. The following examples are given as an indication.

Examples 1-10 It is introduced in a NIRO industrial atomizer equipped with a turbine: * 3 m3 / h of sodium orthophosphate liquor that has a dry extract of 61% by weight, at a temperature of 90 ° C * 0.3 parts by weight (dry) Ammonium carbonate for 100 parts by weight (dry) of sodium orthophosphate. The inlet temperature of the gases is 500 ° C; The outlet temperature is 150 ° C. The product obtained, with a volumetric mass of 0.35 g / cm3, is then calcined up to 520 ° C in a furnace that rotates co-current with a direct flame. The NaTPP obtained has the following characteristics: * a phase I rate of 87% in relation to the set of the anhydrous phases * a volumetric mass of 0.55 g / cm3. A part of the product is hydrated in an industrial drum by spraying water, in order to obtain a NaTPP that presents different rates of "hydration": * 3.3% of water 54% of this water is in the form of water of crystallization * 4.4 % of water, 62% of this water is in the form of water of crystallization * 8% of water, 74% of this water is in the form of water of crystallization, respectively examples 1, 2 and 3. Another part is not hydrated (example 4). A third part is hydrated in a Lódige fast mixer in a discontinuous way by spraying water, in order to obtain a NaTPP that presents different "hydration" rates: * 4% water, 63% of this water is in the form of water of crystallization * 8% of water, 75% of this water is in the form of water of crystallization * 10% of water, 78% of this water is in the form of water of crystallization, respectively examples 5, 6 and 7. A quarter is hydrated by spraying water continuously in a COMESSA fluidized bed (from COMESSA) where the dust flow rate is 50 to 100 kg / h in order to obtain a NaTPP that has different "hydration" rates: * 4% water, * 8% water, 10% water, respectively examples 8, 9 and Test 1 31. 5 g of non-hydrated or hydrated NaTPP of examples 4 to 7 are compacted as such with the help of a ZWICK press 14 78 00/01, the applied force being 2.4 kNewton, to form cylindrical tablets of 41 mm diameter. Each tablet is placed on a sieve (2 mm mesh) immersed in 9 liters of demineralized water at 22 ° C, under agitation (200 revolutions per minute). The dissolution rate (VD) of each tablet is carried out following the conductivity of the water. The time required for the dissolution of 90% of the tablet is thus determined. The results are shown in table 1.

Test 2 parts of NaTPP from Examples 1 to 3, 5-6 and 8 to 10 are mixed with 70 parts of a wash base containing: * 11% alkylbenzene sulfonate * 5% nonionic surfactant * 30% NaTPP phase (I) of examples 1-3, 5-6, 8-10 10% of LV-labeled NaTPP "marketed by EUROPHOS * 7% ratio silicate R2, atomized and granulated * 6% sodium carbonate * 15 % of sodium percarbonate * 4% of TAED * 2% of an antifoam agent (granulated) * 2% of SOKALAN CP5 of BASF * 4% of enzymes and of perfume 31.6 g of each mixture are compacted, the applied force is 1.6 kNewton and 2.4 kNewton, to form 41 mm diameter cylindrical tablets The dissolution rate and the longitudinal rupture stress t in Pascals of each tablet are measured The longitudinal rupture tension t is given by the equation t = 2F / pDe , where * F is the force applied in Newton * D the diameter of the tablet in meters * e the thickness of the tablet in meters The results f They are shown in table 2.

TABLE 1 TABLE 2

Claims (15)

1. Tablets of detergent or antiscale composition comprising compacted particles based on sodium tripolyphosphate having a high proportion of phase I and water distributed in a homogeneous way in sodium tripolyphosphate, the tablets are characterized in that the sodium tripolyphosphate present in the tablet or in a region of the tablet contains from 70% to 100%, preferably from 80% to 98% by weight of phase I relative to the whole of the phases of anhydrous sodium polyphosphates; it contains from 7% to 16% of its weight of water, at least 50%, preferably from 70% to 90% of this water is in the form of water of crystallization.

2. Tablets according to claim 1, characterized in that the sodium tripolyphosphate containing from 70% to 100% by weight of phase I and from 7 to 16% of water represents from 5% to 100%, preferably of the order of 10% to 90% by weight (expressed in dry) in relation to the weight of the tablet (dry) or the region of the tablet in which it is placed.

3. Tablets according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sodium tripolyphosphate containing 70% to 100% by weight of the phase I contains on the order of 8 to 12% water.

4. Tablets according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sodium tripolyphosphate containing 70% to 100% by weight of phase I has a volumetric mass less than or equal to 0.8 g / cm 3, preferably 0.45 g / cm 3 at 0.65 g / cm3.

5. Tablets according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that they also comprise at least one different sodium tripolyphosphate, preferably a sodium tripolyphosphate having a phase I ratio of less than 70% and / or a tripolyphosphate constituted mainly or totally of phase II.

6. Tablets according to claim 5, characterized in that the additional sodium tripolyphosphate is a sodium tripolyphosphate having a phase II ratio of at least 70% with respect to the whole of the anhydrous phases of sodium tripolyphosphate, and a proportion in water which can range from 0 to 15%, preferably of the order of 5 to 10%.

7. Tablets according to claim 6, characterized in that the additional sodium tripolyphosphate is present in the tablets in an amount such that the total amount of NaTPP in the tablets is of the order of 5 to 100%, preferably 10 to 90%.

8. Tablets according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that these are detergent tablets for washing clothes or washing dishes, or antiscale tablets.

9. Tablets according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that they are laundry detergent tablets, in which the amount of sodium tripolyphosphate containing 70% to 100% by weight of phase I and from 7 to 16% of water, represents from 5% to 80%, preferably of the order of 10% to 60% by weight (expressed in dry) in relation to the weight of the tablet (dry) or the region of the tablet in which it is situates.

10. Tablets according to claim 9, characterized in that they also include a sodium tripolyphosphate consisting of at least 70% of phase II with regard to the group of the anhydrous phases and having a water content of 0 to 15%, preferably of the order from 5 to 10%, in an amount such that the total amount of NaTPP in the tablets is in the order of 5 to 60%, preferably 10 to 50%.

11. Tablets according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that they are dishwashing detergent tablets, in which the amount of sodium tripolyphosphate containing 70% to 100% by weight of phase I and from 7 to 16% of water, represents from 10% to 90% by weight (expressed in dry) in relation to the weight of the tablet (dry) or the region of the tablet in which it is placed.

12. Tablets according to claim 11, characterized in that they also include a sodium tripolyphosphate consisting of at least 70% of phase II with regard to the group of anhydrous phases and having a water content of 0 to 15%, preferably order of 5 to 10%, in amount such that the total amount of NaTPP in the tablets is of the order of 20 to 80%.

13. Tablets according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that they are dishwashing detergent tablets, in which the amount of sodium tripolyphosphate containing 70% to 100% by weight of phase I and from 7 to 16% of water, represents from 10% to 100%, preferably from 20 to 90% by weight (expressed in dry) in relation to the weight of the tablet (dry) or the region of the tablet in which it is placed.

14. Tablets according to claim 13, characterized in that they also include a sodium tripolyphosphate consisting of at least 70% of phase II with respect to the whole of the anhydrous phases and having a water content of 0 to 15%, preferably order of 5 to 10%, in amount such that the total amount of NaTPP in the tablets is of the order of 30 to 99%, preferably 50 to 90%.

15. Process for preparing the tablets according to any of the preceding claims, by pressing a moiety of the desired amount of a particular composition including the different constituents of said tablets.