MXPA01000087A - Method and apparatus for treating liquid with ultrasonic vibrations - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a process and apparatus for treatment of liquid. Liquid is introduced into a reaction vessel (10) and rises inside a first chamber (12) of the reaction vessel (10). The liquid is led out of the first chamber (12) downwardly along an outer surface (40) of the first chamber (12) in a thin film into a second chamber (14). In a third chamber (16) energy for raising the internal energy of the liquid is supplied to the liquid by means of an energy supply device (30). The treated liquid is withdrawn from the reaction vessel (10). The energy supply device includes an ultrasound-emitting transducer in which a piezoceramic disc (82) is supported via an elastic seal (84) between a pot-shaped housing member (78) and a sleeve (80).

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF LIQUID WITH ULTRASONIC VIBRATIONS DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY The invention relates to a method and apparatus for treating liquid and a power supply system suitable therefor. From the prior art, methods are known by which liquids, and particularly liquids with dissolved materials or undissolved solid components, or fluids dispersed in a liquid are treated, in order to subsequently supply them to conventional industrial facilities for use in a liquid. production process or to introduce them in biological wastewater treatment facilities in practical use. Methods of treating wastewater to demineralize or dewater wastewater are also known. The wastewater thus treated is used, for example, as water processed for industrial purposes or to irrigate nurseries of hydroponic plants. However, these procedures require a very high consumption of equipment and control technology and therefore demand high investment costs. One of these known methods refers to the drainage and drying and subsequent burning of residual mud or fecal matter. In doing so, the fecal matter, for example liquid pig manure, is collected in relatively large storage facilities, in which the fecal matter is treated with biological means, in such a manner that it is thickened and decomposed by biological procedures. An additional use for fecal matter, which is created in large quantities in large-scale agricultural operations, is to distribute fecal matter as fertilizer over agricultural areas such as grain crop fields or the like. A disadvantage is that the application of fecal matter in agricultural areas causes the creation of a strong smell in the vicinity and also, that the germs and bacteria contained in the feces enter the soil and the water table. In stool dispersion or disposal procedures, which are known from the prior art, a large space is required for the dispersion or disposal facilities and the reprocessing involved requires long processing times as well as costly ingredients. Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for the treatment of liquid, by means of which the liquid can be treated in an economical manner and with low space requirements. This object is achieved according to the invention through the steps and features set forth in claims 1 or 4.

The process according to the invention provides that the liquid to be treated is introduced into a first chamber and then downwards, along an external surface of the first chamber, like a thin film into a second chamber. By doing this, degassing of the liquid to be treated can occur in the thin layer. In doing so, it is desirable to achieve high efficiency and that degassing in the thin film provides low cost degassing because no mechanical energy is needed to supply the liquid to be treated, unlike the prior art known procedures which mechanical agitation is used to degas. By equipping the novel embodiment of the apparatus with at least three chambers arranged in sequence within a reaction vessel, high performance is achieved in a small space. In this way, the reaction vessel can advantageously be made movable for certain uses and amounts of efficiency when installing the reaction vessel in a tractor trailer, thus allowing it to be driven from one use site to the next. It is also convenient that the apparatus can be used to separate immiscible liquids based on the density differences of the liquids. Also, the apparatus according to the invention is suitable for separating liquids which contain undissolved solids. The liquid to be treated is introduced into the reaction vessel through an input device, it rises inside the first chamber and is then led through a second chamber to a third chamber. When doing this, it is convenient that the liquids are separated, or that the solids contained in the liquid to be treated are separated from each other during the elevation based on their density differences and that in the second chamber that joins the first chamber, the liquid components not previously separated are subjected to additional separation from each other. To obtain a further improvement in the efficiency of the apparatus that modalizes the invention, a power supply device is connected to raise the internal energy of liquid to the third chamber. By supplying energy to the liquid to be treated, the treatment processes can be accelerated advantageously, since for example, the liquid temperature to be treated rises or the liquid to be treated is supplied with energy that produces movement to mix or degas. The liquid to be treated is taken to the reaction vessel through a device connected to the first chamber to create reduced pressure inside the reaction vessel. This favorably reinforces the treatment procedures, because, for example, at reduced pressure, the process temperatures are lower than at ambient pressure. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. In an embodiment of the novel apparatus, a submerged tube which extends to the vicinity of the outlet of the first input device can be provided in the first chamber. This makes it possible to drain a given portion of the liquid to be treated from the reaction vessel directly from the first chamber, before it enters the second chamber. It is particularly advantageous to provide, between the first outlet of the submerged tube and the outlet of the first input device, a plate which distributes the liquid emerging from the first input device annularly inside the first chamber. This prevents the liquid to be treated, which is introduced into the first chamber through the inlet device, from being drained immediately from the first chamber through the submerged tube without having been exposed to the treatment procedure in the first chamber. The liquid entering the first chamber through the first inlet device is guided by the plate beyond the first outlet of the submerged tube and flows initially in the direction of the second chamber. By extracting a portion of liquid to be treated by means of the submerged tube, a circulatory flow is created in the first chamber, which greatly increases the residence time of the liquid to be treated within the first chamber. In a further embodiment of the invention, the submerged tube may have a second outlet which is connected to the third chamber. In that case, the submerged tube forms a type of deviation for the second chamber by means of which, the liquid to be treated can be introduced from the first chamber to the third chamber. Moreover, the portion of the liquid to be treated which is guided beyond the second chamber, can be supplied to a different device for a subsequent treatment procedure.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a device for removing relatively light substances from the reaction vessel can be provided under the upper end of the first chamber. In this way, it is easy to remove relatively light substances from the reaction vessel just after the first chamber. In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the inner wall may have a decreased cross section in the direction of flow and terminate spaced from one end of the reaction vessel located in an opposite manner. In this way, the elevation of liquid to be treated is advantageously improved due to the transverse narrowing of the inner wall. If the reaction vessel is provided with a dispersion device connected upstream to the first chamber for introducing fluid into the liquid and for its at least partial foaming, the reactive interface between the liquid to be treated and the fluid supplied is it can increase drastically, so that the desired treatment procedures occur within shorter processing times. Preferably, the liquid is taken to the reaction vessel through the low pressure creating apparatus, which is connected to the first chamber opposite the direction of the first inlet, whereby the foaming processes described above are reinforced. and an elevation in the liquid or in the foamed portion of the liquid to be treated within the reaction vessel.

The foamed portion of the liquid to be treated is defoamed with an increasing reaction time and reaches the second chamber, together with the non-foamed portion of the liquid, through an annular space in which the non-foamed portion and the defoamed portion of the liquid they mix before entering the third chamber. In this way, an acceleration of the treatment procedures is advantageously achieved during subsequent equalization of the concentration of the liquid to be treated after its exit from the first chamber, through the prolongation of the reactive interface. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, additional fluids may be introduced to the liquid to be treated in the third chamber. By doing this, the reactive interface between the liquid to be treated and the additional supplied fluids is advantageously achieved in order to accelerate the additional treatment procedures. For this purpose, the third chamber is connected to a second input device for introducing additional fluids to the liquid to be treated. It has proven to be particularly advantageous to introduce oxidizing and / or reducing agents, preferably ozone and / or hydrogen peroxide. If the second chamber is divided into an internal annular chamber and external annular chamber by an additional division, a zone of tranquility is advantageously achieved, in which a concentration equalization or a mixture of unfoamed liquid and defoaming liquid can occur.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the power supply apparatus for improving the internal energy is an ultrasound transducer, for nucleating the fluids supplied through the second delivery device into the liquid to be treated and for strongly increasing the reactive interface. Preferably, the ultrasound transducer has two pot-shaped housing elements nested within each, which support a piezoceramic disc between them through an elastic seal. With this power supply apparatus, it is simple to supply energy or internal energy to a liquid to be treated, whereby the mixing procedures are advantageously improved. In order to be able to separate substances which are difficult to separate from the liquid to be divided, with an energy consumption as low as possible, the third chamber can be subdivided by a semipermeable partition into a first and a second partial chamber. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the power supply device is connected to the first partial chamber and the connection between the second and third chamber is opened in the first partial chamber of the third chamber. In this case, the energy supply device or the energy introduced by it to the liquid to be treated is used to transport the liquid to be treated through the semipermeable division, and to extract, from the first partial chamber, those substances that will be separated. which do not pass through this semipermeable division and at the same time, remove the liquid from the reaction vessel from the second partial chamber.

The semipermeable division may be made of a plastic sheet, which retains solids in the first partial chamber and allows the liquid to pass into the second partial chamber. This allows the separation of the liquid from solids contained in it, without requiring high energy as in the case of thermal separation procedures. The principles of exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings. Shown in: Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the apparatus according to the invention in which a submerged tube is opened in a first chamber; Fig. 2 a schematic illustration of a further embodiment of the apparatus of Fig. 1, in which a second chamber of the reaction vessel is subdivided into two ring-shaped chambers; 3 shows a further embodiment of the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2; Figure 4 a schematic illustration of a third chamber of the reaction vessel, which is divided by a semipermeable partition in a first and second partial chamber; and Figure 5 a cross section of an energy supply apparatus. Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of the apparatus, which includes a reaction vessel 10 having three chambers arranged in series 12, 14 and 16. The first chamber is surrounded by an interior wall 18.

In addition, a first input device 20 for introducing liquid to be treated into the reaction vessel 10 or the first chamber 12 is connected to the first chamber 12. The second chamber 14 is placed between the inner wall 18 and the outer wall 22 and it is connected to the third chamber 16. The second chamber 14 is separated from the third chamber by a collar 26 provided with slots or holes 24. The collar 26 is located between the inner wall 18 and the outer wall 22. The third chamber 16 has a device 28 for removing the liquid. In addition, an energy supply device 30 for increasing the internal energy of the liquid to be treated is connected to the third chamber 16. Opposite the first input device 20, a device 32 is connected to the first chamber 12 to create reduced pressure inside the reaction vessel 10. The liquid to be treated is introduced, through the creation of reduced pressure inside the reaction vessel 10. , to the first chamber 12 through the first input device 20 and rises in that chamber until it reaches the end of the inner wall 18 which is opposite the first input device 20, and enters the second chamber 14 through of the outer surface 40 of the inner wall 18. Within the first chamber 12, a submerged tube 32 extends almost to the mouth of the first inlet device 20, a plate 36 being located between a first opening 34 of the submerged tube 32 and the mouth of the first inlet device 20 for distributing the liquid emerging from the first inlet device 20 annularly inside the first chamber 12. The plate 36 prevents the The liquid leaving the mouth of the first inlet device 20 flows directly into the submerged tube 32 and is removed from the first chamber 12. The liquid flows from the first inlet device 20 in the direction of the inner wall 18 beyond the plate 36 and along the submerged tube 23 in the direction towards the end of the first chamber 12 facing away from the first input device 20. A second opening 38 of the submerged tube 32 is connected, in the present exemplary embodiment, to a non-polished pump by means of which, the liquid is removed from the first chamber through the submerged tube 32. This removal produces a circulatory flow within the first chamber, which extends the residence time of the liquid in the first chamber 12. The second opening 38 of the submerged tube 32 is connected to the third chamber 16. The inner wall 18 decreases in cross section in the flow direction of the liquid and ends spaced from one end of the reaction vessel 10 positioned opposite. The liquid is guided from the first chamber 12 downwards along the external surface 40 of the inner wall 18 or the first chamber 12, as a thin film in the second chamber 14. By doing this, paints or lacquers, for example, that have air or gas occlusions, can be easily degassed from the thin layer. In the transition region of the first chamber 12 to the second chamber 14, there is a first device 42 for removing light substances from the reaction vessel 10. If the filling level of the second chamber 14 is so adjusted that this level of If the filling is at least at the height of the opening of the first device 42, then the relatively light substances floating in the liquid to be treated, for example liquid pig manure cellulose particles or oils from separate water-oil mixtures, can be Easily remove from the reaction vessel 10. Another possible way to remove solid components from the liquid to be treated is to provide screens (not shown) before entering the third chamber 16 above the collar 26 and removing the solid components from the reaction vessel 10 or the second chamber 14 by means of a second device 44. The first input device 20 is surrounded coaxially by the third chamber 16 and connected to the inner wall 18 and the outer wall 22. Upstream in the first chamber 12, a dispersion device 46 is connected to introduce fluid into the liquid and at least partial foam formation thereof. In certain applications or treatment procedures, fluids such as air or pure oxygen are introduced into the liquid through the dispersion device 46. In doing so, it is created in an upper region of the first chamber 12 located at the transition to the second chamber 14, a region which is filled with foamed liquid. Through this foam formation, a substantial increase in the reactive interface between the liquid and the supplied fluids is achieved, whereby the reaction rate of the treatment procedures is significantly increased. With an increased reaction time, the surface tension of the foamed portions of liquid decreases, so that the foamed liquid can be defoamed again and drawn into the second chamber 14. To the third chamber 16, a second input device is connected. 48 to introduce additional fluids into the liquid. Through this second input device 48, oxidizing and reducing agents are provided for treatment of liquid pig manure. This includes ozone and / or hydrogen peroxide. These two fluids have the advantage that liquid pig manure can be treated without forming harmful residues. Therefore, no need to remove harmful residues from liquid pig manure after treatment. Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a further embodiment of the apparatus of Figure 1, wherein the second chamber 14 of the reaction vessel 10 is subdivided into two annular part chambers 14a and 14b. Because the embodiments of the apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 differ slightly from one another, the same reference characters are used for components having the same functions.

The liquid enters the first chamber 12 through the first inlet device 20. Through the dispersion device 46, which takes the form of a porous stone ring in the present embodiment, pure air or oxygen is introduced into the liquid. This causes foaming of liquid in the first chamber 12. The foamed liquid is again defoaming and flows through the inner annular chamber 14a into the outer annular chamber 14b. The inner annular chamber 14a is bounded by an additional wall 50 and the inner wall 18. The porous stone is made of foamed silicon nitride. In a further embodiment, not illustrated, the additional wall 50 may be provided with holes, so that the unfoamed liquid present within the additional wall 50 is capable of flowing to the inner annular chamber 14a through these orifices. The inner annular chamber 14a and the outer annular chamber 14b are connected through holes 52 in the inner wall 18. The inner annular chamber 14a is provided as an additional zone of tranquility and mixing for the foamed liquid and subsequently defoaming. In addition, a concentration equalization occurs between the defoamed and unfoamed portions of the liquid in the inner annular space 14a and the attached outer annular space 14b. The device 33 for creating reduced pressure in the reaction vessel 10 includes a tube 54 and a pump 56, the tube 54 has a separator or siphon and an outlet element (not shown) located in the vicinity of the separator for solid particles seated. The outer wall 22 is formed of various interconnected cylindrical sections, which are located one within the other and firmly connected to a cover 58 and a base 60 of the reaction vessel 10 by laterally placed fastening means (not shown). The second input device 48 includes, in the illustrative example according to FIG. 2, a tube 62 and a pump 64 for introducing fluids into the third chamber 16. In addition, an oxygen generating apparatus can also be connected to the tube 62 of the second input device 48. The device 28 for withdrawing the liquid to be treated from the reaction vessel 10 partially encloses the first input device 20 and opens into a tube 66, which is connected to an additional pump 68. Through the pump 64 of the second input device 48 and pump 56 of the device 33 to create reduced pressure inside the reaction vessel 10, reduced pressure is centrally established in the reaction vessel 10 by means of a control device (not shown), so that a suction effect is applied to the liquid to be treated. The power supply device 30 has ultrasound transducers by means of which the fluids supplied through the second input device 48 are nucleated in the liquid. In order to be able to direct the energy of the ultrasound to the third chamber 16, a displacement reflector 70 made of glass is provided in the third chamber 16. Both in the first chamber 12 and in the region of the output of the first input device , a sensor 72 is located which supplies the central control system to maintain a filling level by means of the appropriate control signals. The fluids exiting through the tube 54 are supplied to a mixing container and then are again introduced into the reaction vessel 10 through the first inlet device 20. Depending on which fluids are introduced into the liquid through the device. dispersion 46 via the second input device 48, different treatment procedures can be performed. For example, by supplying ozone and / or hydrogen peroxide, the nutritive solutions used for irrigation of hydroponic crops in commercial plant nurseries can be easily germ-free, economically and with low space requirements. Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of the apparatus in a side view (elevation) and in a top view. In a prototype of the device, the reaction vessel 10 illustrated in Figure 3 was 3 m high and required a floor space of 1.6 m by 1.6 m, for a yield of 6 m3 of liquid per hour. Ozone, hydrogen peroxide and oxygen are introduced into the reaction vessel 10. An apparatus with this reaction vessel 10 can replace the sewage treatment plant of a medium-sized village. An additional field of use consists of animal farms, in which relatively large amounts of fecal material are produced. The treatment of cooling and lubrication material for machine tools is also an application for the device. There, the solid water-oil particles will separate from each other. Water-oil mixtures also occur, for example in relatively large quantities in hardening installations where for example, a steel wire that will be hardened, first cooled in an oil bath and then passed through water, so that This cooling water is so contaminated with the oil that it has to be treated. An additional potential application consists, for example, of separating milk cream and thus separating the whey. In doing so, nitrogen is introduced into the milk through the dispersing device 46, so that a cream foam is produced in the first chamber 12 which is removed from the reaction vessel 10 through the second chamber 14 and the third chamber 16. The introduced nitrogen is removed from the reaction vessel 10 through the device 33 used to create reduced pressure. Figure 4 shows the third chamber 16, which is subdivided by a semipermeable partition 74 into a first partial chamber 16a and a second partial chamber 16b. The power supply device 30 is connected to the first partial chamber 16a, which is connected to the second chamber 14 by a connection 24 of slots or holes between the second chamber 14 and the third chamber 16. The semipermeable partition 74 is a plastic sheet, which retains solids within the first partial chamber 16a and allows the liquid to pass into the second partial chamber 16b. The first partial chamber 16a has an outlet for the retained solids and the second partial chamber 16b is provided with the device 28 to remove the liquid from the third chamber 16 and therefore, from the reaction vessel 10. In figure 5 it is illustrated the power supply device 30 for raising the internal energy of the liquid, which, in the present exemplary embodiment, uses ultrasound transducers, each with a pot-shaped housing element 78. Between a sleeve 80 and the housing in the form of a pot 78 is placed a piezoceramic disc 82, which rests through an elastic seal 84 on the pot-shaped receiving element 78 and is held by means of a holding device 86 between the receiving element 78 and the sleeve 80. In the present illustrative embodiments, the reaction vessel 10 is made of stainless steel. However, it is the competence of the person skilled in the art to also make the reaction vessel 10 of other materials suitable for the respective application, such as glass or plastic. Because the chambers 12, 14, 16 and the first inlet device 20, which is in the form of a tube, are arranged coaxially with respect to each other, the reaction vessel 10 has minimal external dimensions. According to figure 1, a device 88 connected after the pump 56 is illustrated to receive and use reusable fluids leaving the reaction vessel.

LIST OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS Reaction vessel 11 first chamber 14 second chamber 14a internal annular chamber 14b external annular chamber 16 third chamber 16a first partial chamber 16b second partial chamber 18 inner wall 20 first input device 22 outer wall 24 slots or holes 26 collar 28 output device 30 power supply device 32 submerged tube 33 apparatus for creating reduced pressure 34 first submerged tube outlet 36 plate 38 second submerged tube outlet 32 40 external wall surface 18 42 first removal device 44 second removal device 46 dispersion device 48 second input device 50 additional wall 52 holes 54 tube 56 pump 58 cover 60 base 62 pipe 64 pump 66 pipe 68 pump 70 displacement reflector 72 sensor 74 semipermeable division 76 output of the first partial chamber 16a 78 housing element 80 sleeve 82 piezoceramic disc 84 elastic seal 86 retaining device 88 receiving and operating device

Claims (33)

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION CLAIMS

1. - A method for treating liquid comprising the following steps: a) introducing the liquid into a reaction vessel (10); b) letting the liquid rise inside a first chamber (12) inside the reaction vessel (10); and c) guiding the liquid from the first chamber 12 downwards on the external surface (40) of the first chamber (12) in a thin film to a second chamber (14) and subsequently, driving the liquid to a third chamber (16) which has a connection (24) with the second chamber; d) supplying energy to raise the internal energy of the liquid within the third chamber 16; and e) removing the treated liquid from the reaction vessel (10).

2. The method according to claim 1, further characterized in that after step b) the following steps are carried out: b1) introducing fluid into the liquid in the first chamber (12) through which the liquid is at least partially foamed, in order to produce an increase in the reactive interface between the fluid and the liquid; b2) let the liquid react with the introduced fluid; b3) defoaming the liquid; and b4) mixing the defoamed and unfoamed liquid in the second chamber (14).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, further characterized in that between step c) and d) the following additional step is performed: d) introducing additional fluids to the liquid in the connection (24) between the second chamber (14) ) and the third chamber (16), in order to achieve the mixture of liquid and additional fluids introduced and to nucleate the additional fluids introduced in the liquid to increase the reactive interface between the liquid and the additional fluids introduced.

4. An apparatus for treating liquid comprising: a) at least three chambers (12, 14, 16) located in sequence within a reaction vessel (10), b) have an inner wall (18) which delimits the first of the three chambers (12, 14, 16), c) an input device (20) for the liquid to be treated connected to the first chamber (12), d) an outer wall (22) which delimits the second chamber (14) together with the inner wall (18) and which has a connection (24) with the third chamber attached (16); e) a device (28) for removing the liquid from the third chamber (16); f) an energy supply device (30) connected to the third chamber (16) to raise the internal energy of the liquid; and g) a device (33) connected to the first chamber (12) opposite the first input device (20) to create reduced pressure inside the reaction vessel (10).

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, further characterized in that a submerged tube (32) extends within the first chamber (12) in the vicinity of the mouth of the first input device (20).

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, further characterized in that between a first outlet (34) of the submerged tube (32) and the mouth of the first input device (20), a plate (36) is located which distributes Manually canceling the liquid leaving the first input device (20).

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, further characterized in that the submerged tube (32) has a second outlet (38) which is connected to the third chamber (16).

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, further characterized by a device (42) located below the upper end of the first chamber (12) as an outlet for substances that will be removed from the reaction vessel (10).

9. The apparatus according to any of claims 4 to 8, further characterized in that the inner wall (18) decreases in cross section in the fluid direction and ends spaced from the oppositely located end of the reaction vessel.

10. The apparatus according to any of claims 4 to 9, characterized by a dispersion device (46) connected upstream to the first chamber (12) for introducing fluid into the liquid and for at least partial foaming of the liquid. same.

11. The apparatus according to claim 10, further characterized in that the dispersion device (46) takes the form of an annular porous stone.

12. - The apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, further characterized in that the porous stone is made of foamed silicon nitride.

13. The apparatus according to any of claims 4 to 14, further characterized by a second input device (48) connected to the third chamber (16) for introducing additional fluids to the liquid.

14. The apparatus according to any of claims 4 to 13, further characterized in that the second chamber (14) is divided by means of an additional wall (50) in an internal annular chamber (14a) and an external annular chamber ( 14b) and in that the internal annular chamber (14a) has a connection with the external annular chamber (14b).

15. The apparatus according to any of claims 4 to 14, further characterized in that the energy device (30) includes transducers emitting ultrasound.

16. The apparatus according to any of claims 4 to 15, further characterized in that the third chamber (16) surrounds the first input device (20).

17. The apparatus according to any of claims 4 to 16, further characterized in that the third chamber (16) is subdivided by means of a semipermeable ption (74) in a first pal chamber (16a) and a second pal chamber ( 16b).

18. - The apparatus according to claim 17, further characterized in that the semipermeable ption (74) is a plastic sheet, which retains solids in the first pal chamber (16a) and allows the liquid to pass into the second pal chamber (16b) ) and in that the first pal chamber (16a) has an outlet (76) for solids and that the second pal chamber (16b) is provided with the device (28) for removing the liquid from the third chamber (16).

19. The apparatus according to claim 17 or 18, further characterized in that the power supply device (30) is connected to the first pal chamber (16a) and because the connection (24) between the second chamber (14) and the third chamber (16) opens in the first pal chamber (16a).

20. The apparatus according to any of claims 4 to 19, further characterized in that the reaction vessel (10) is made of stainless steel.

21. The apparatus according to any of claims 10 to 20, further characterized in that the first input device (20) is a tube-shaped element which is placed coaxially with respect to the three chambers (12, 14, 16), extends through the dispersion device (46) and projects to the first chamber (12).

22. The apparatus according to any of claims 4 to 21, further characterized in that the front wall (18) has at least one hole (52) which provides a connection for the second chamber (14).

23. The apparatus according to any of claims 4 to 22, further characterized in that between the inner wall (18) and the outer wall (22), a collar (26) is provided which is located between the second chamber ( 14) and the third chamber (16) and is provided with slots (24) for passage of the liquid.

24. The apparatus according to any of claims 13 to 23, further characterized in that the second input device (48) includes a tube (54) and a pump (56), the tube (54) ending in the third chamber (16)

25. The apparatus according to any of claims 4 to 24, further characterized in that the discharge device (28) is located at least py coaxially with respect to the first input device (20) and includes a pump (68) .

26.- The apparatus according to any of claims 4 to 25, further characterized in that the device (33) for creating reduced pressure includes a tube (54) and a pump (56), the tube including a separator or siphon and a download element.

27. The apparatus according to any of claims 4 to 26, further characterized in that the outer wall (22) is formed of a plurality of interconnected cylindrical segments.

28. - The apparatus according to any of claims 4 to 27, further characterized in that a displacement reflector (70) for ultrasound energy is provided within the third chamber (16).

29. The apparatus according to any of claims 4 to 15, further characterized in that the fluid introduced into the first chamber (12) is preferably air, pure hydrogen or ozone.

30. The apparatus according to any of claims 13 to 29, further characterized in that the additional fluids that are introduced into the third chamber (16) through the second input device (48), are oxidizing or reducing agents, Preference ozone and hydrogen peroxide.

31. The apparatus according to claim 26, further characterized by a device (88) connected after the pump (56) to receive and use reusable fluids.

32- The apparatus according to claim 4, further characterized in that the power supply device is an ultrasound emitting transducer having a pot-shaped housing portion (78) and a sleeve (80) which support each other a piezoceramic disc (82) through an elastic seal (84).

33. The apparatus according to claim 32, further characterized by a device (86) for holding the elastic seal (84). .ülltia.lJiHMti