MXPA00012349A - Apparatus for producing orthohydrogen and/or parahydrogen - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus for producing orthohydrogen and/or parahydrogen. The apparatus includes a container holding water and at least one pair of closely-spaced electrodes arranged within the container and submerged in the water. A first power supply provides a particular first pulsed signal to the electrodes. A coil may also be arranged within the container and submerged in the water if the production of parahydrogen is also required. A second power supply provides a second pulsed signal to the coil through a switch to apply energy to the water. When the second power supply is disconnected from the coil by the switch and only the electrodes receive a pulsed signal, then orthohydrogen can be produced. When the second power supply is connected to the coil and both the electrodes and coil receive pulsed signals, then the first and second pulsed signals can be controlled to produce parahydrogen. The container is self-pressurized and the water within the container requires no chemical catalyst to efficiently produce the orthohydrogen and/or parahydrogen. Heat is not generated, and bubbles do not form on the electrodes.

Description

"APPARATUS TO PRODUCE ORTHO-HYDROGEN AND / OR PARAHYDROGEN" BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing orthohydrogen and parahydrogen.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED TECHNIQUE Conventional electrolysis cells are capable of producing hydrogen and oxygen from water. These conventional cells usually include two electrodes placed inside the cell that apply energy to the water to thereby produce hydrogen and oxygen. The two electrodes are conventionally manufactured from two different materials. However, hydrogen and oxygen generated in conventional cells are usually produced inefficiently. That is, a large amount of electrical energy is required to be applied to the electrodes in order to produce hydrogen and oxygen. In addition, a chemical catalyst such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide should be added to the water to separate the hydrogen or oxygen bubbles from the electrodes.

Also, the gas produced must often be transported to a pressurized container for storage, because the conventional cells produce the gas slowly. Also, conventional cells tend to heat up, creating a variety of problems, including boiling water. Also, conventional cells tend to form gas bubbles in the electrodes that act as electrical insulators and reduce the function of the cell. Correspondingly, it is extremely desirable to produce a large amount of hydrogen and oxygen with only a modest amount of input power. In addition, it is desirable to produce hydrogen and oxygen with "regular" tap water and without any additional chemical catalyst, and to operate the cell without the need for an additional pump to pressurize it. It would also be desirable to construct the electrodes using the same material. Also, it is desirable to produce the gases quickly, and without heat, and without bubbles in the electrodes. Orthohydrogen and parahydrogen are two different isomers of hydrogen. Orthohydrogen is that state of hydrogen molecules where the spins of both nuclei are parallel. Parahydrogen is that state of hydrogen molecules where the spins of the two nuclei are antiparallel. The different characteristics of orthohydrogen and parahydrogen lead to different physical properties. For example, orthohydrogen is highly combustible while parahydrogen is a slower-burning form of hydrogen. In this way, orthohydrogen and parahydrogen can be used for different applications. Conventional electrolytic cells produce only orthohydrogen and parahydrogen. Parahydrogen, conventionally, is difficult and expensive to produce. Correspondingly, it is desirable to produce the orthohydrogen and / or parahydrogen economically using a cell and being able to control the amount of any of them produced by the cell. It is also desirable to direct the orthohydrogen or parahydrogen produced into a coupled machine in order to provide a source of energy therefor.

COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a cell having electrodes and containing water that produces a large amount of hydrogen and oxygen in a relatively small amount of time with, and with a modest amount of input power, and without generating heat. Another object of the present invention is that the cell produces hydrogen and oxygen bubbles that do not accumulate around or on the electrodes. It is also an object of the present invention that the cell works properly without a chemical catalyst. In this way, the cell can only work in tap water. In addition, the additional costs associated with the chemical catalyst can be avoided. Another object of the present invention is that the cell be self-pressing. In this way, no additional pump is needed. Another object of the present invention is to provide a cell having electrodes made from the same material. This material can be stainless steel, for example. Therefore, the construction of the cell can be simplified and the corresponding costs reduced. Another object of the present invention is to provide a cell which is capable of producing orthohydrogen, parahydrogen or a mixture thereof and which can be controlled to produce any relative amount of orthohydrogen and parahydrogen, desired by the user. Another object of the invention is to couple the gaseous outlet of the cell to a device, such as an internal combustion engine, so that the device can be energized by the gas applied thereto. These and other objects, features and characteristics of the present invention will be more evident when taking into account the following detailed description and the appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the reference numbers designate the corresponding parts in the various figures . Correspondingly, the present invention includes a container for holding water. At least a pair of closely spaced electrodes are placed inside the container and submerged under the water. A first power supply provides a specific driven signal to the electrodes. A coil is also placed in the container and submerged under water. A second power supply provides a specific impulse signal through the switch to the coil. When only the electrodes receive a boosted signal, then the orthohydrogen can be produced. When both electrodes and the coil receive pulsed signals, then parahydrogen or a mixture of parahydrogen and orthohydrogen can be produced. The container self-pressurizes and the water within the container does not require chemical catalyst to efficiently produce the orthohydrogen and / or parahydrogen.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a side view of a cell for producing orthohydrogen including a pair of electrodes according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a side view of a cell for producing orthohydrogen including two pairs of electrodes according to a second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a side view of a cell for producing orthohydrogen including a cylindrical pair of electrodes according to a third embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4a is a diagram illustrating a square wave driven signal that can be produced by the circuit of Figure 5, and applied to the electrodes of Figures 1 to 3; Figure 4b is a diagram illustrating a sawtooth wave-driven signal that can be produced by the circuit of Figure 5 and applied to the electrodes of Figures 1 to 3; Figure 4c is a diagram illustrating a triangular wave-driven signal that can be produced by the circuit of Figure 5, and applied to the electrodes of Figures 1 to 3; Figure 5 is an electronic circuit diagram illustrating a power supply that is connected to the electrodes of Figures 1 to 3; Figure 6 is a side view of a cell for producing at least parahydrogen including a coil and a pair of electrodes in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is a side view of a cell for producing at least parahydrogen including a coil and two pairs of electrodes according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is a side view of a cell for producing at least parahydrogen including a coil and a pair of cylindrical electrodes according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 9 is an electronic circuit diagram illustrating a power supply that is connected to the coil and the electrodes of Figures 6 to DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention that includes a cell for producing hydrogen and oxygen. As will be discussed below along with Figures 6 to 8, the production of parahydrogen requires an additional coil not shown in Figure 1. In this way, the hydrogen produced by the first embodiment of Figure 1 is orthohydrogen. The cell includes a closed container 111 which is closed at its lower portion by means of a threaded plastic base 113 and a screw thread base 109. The container 111 can be manufactured eg from plexiglass and have an exemplary height of 43 centimeters and a exemplary width of 9 centimeters. The container 111 retains water from the key 110 therein. The cell further includes a pressure gauge 103 for measuring the pressure within the container 111. An outlet valve 102 connects to the top of the container 111 to allow any gas within the container 111 to escape into an outlet tube 101. The cell also includes a quick discharge safety valve 106 connected to a base 113. The quick release safety valve 106 provides a safety function by automatically releasing the pressure within the container 111 if the pressure exceeds a predetermined threshold. For example, the quick release safety valve 106 can be adjusted so that it opens if the pressure in the package exceeds 5.27 kilograms per square centimeter. Since the container 111 is constructed to withstand a pressure of approximately 14.06 kilograms per square centimeter, the cell is provided with a large safety margin. A pair of electrodes 105a, 105b are placed inside the container 111. The electrodes 105a, 105b are submerged below the upper level of the water 110 and define an interaction zone 112 therebetween. The 105a electrodes, 105b are preferably made of the same material, such as stainless steel. In order to produce an optimum amount of hydrogen and oxygen, an equal spacing between the electrodes 105a, 105b must be maintained. Furthermore, it is preferred to minimize the separation between the electrodes 105a, 105b. However, the separation between the electrodes 105a, 105 can not be placed too close because the arcing would occur between the electrodes 105a, 105b. It has been determined that a separation of 1 millimeter is an optimal separation to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The separation up to 5 millimeters can work effectively, but the separation above 5 millimeters does not work well, except with excessive power. The hydrogen and oxygen gas sent through the outlet tube 101 can be transmitted via the tube 101 to a device 120 using those gases, for example, an internal combustion engine, as shown in Figure 1. Instead of an internal combustion engine, the device 120 can be any device using hydrogen and oxygen, including a reciprocating piston engine, a gas turbine engine, a heater, a heater, an oven, a distillation unit, a water purification unit, a hydrogen / oxygen jet or other device using the gases. With a suitably productive example of the present invention, this device 120 using the exhaust gases can be operated continuously without the need to store dangerous hydrogen and oxygen gases. Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention that includes more than one pair of electrodes 205a-d. The separation between the electrodes is less than 5 millimeters as in the embodiment of Figure 1. Although Figure 2 shows only an additional pair of electrodes, it is possible to include many more pairs (eg, as many as 40 pairs of electrodes) inside. of the cell. The remainder of the cell illustrated in Figure 2 remains the same as that illustrated in Figure 1. The multiple electrodes are preferably closely spaced flat plates, parallel to one another. Figure 3 illustrates a cell having cylindrically shaped electrodes 305a, 305b. The external electrode 305b surrounds the coaxially aligned internal electrode 305a. The equal spacing of the electrodes 305a, 305b of less than 5 millimeters and the interactive zone is placed coaxially between the two electrodes 305a, 305b. Although Figure 3 illustrates the upper portion of the container 111 that is formed by a plastic lid 301, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the lid 301 can be used in the embodiments of Figures 1-2 and in the embodiment of FIG. The embodiment of Figure 3 may use the same container 111 illustrated in Figures 1-2. As suggested by Figure 3, the electrodes can be almost any shape such as flat plates, rods, tubes or coaxial cylinders. The electrodes 105a, 105b of Figure 1 (or the electrodes 205a-b of Figure 2 or electrodes 305a, 305b of Figure 3) are respectively connected to the power supply terminals 108a, 108b so that they can receive a signal electric driven from a power supply. The driven signal can almost be of any waveform and can have a variable current level, a voltage level, a working ratio and rest (ie, a ratio of the duration of a single pulse to the interval between two successive pulses). ). For example, the power supply that provides power to the electrodes can be a 110 volt main supply to a 12 volt supply or a car battery. Figure 4a, Figure 4b and Figure 4c illustrate a square wave, a sawtooth wave and a triangular wave, respectively that can be applied to the electrodes 105a, 105b (or 205a-do 305a, 305b) in accordance with the present invention. Each of the waveforms illustrated in Figures 4a-4c has a work-to-rest ratio of 1: 1. As shown in Figure 4b, the sawtooth wave will only reach a maximum voltage at the end of the pulse duration. As shown in Figure 4c, the triangular wave has a low maximum voltage. It has been found that optimum results are obtained to produce hydrogen and oxygen in the present invention using a square wave.

After the initiation of the signal driven from the power supply, the electrodes 105a, 105b generate continuously and almost instantaneously hydrogen and oxygen bubbles from the water 110 in the interaction zone 112. In addition, the bubbles can be generated with only minimum water heating 110 or any other part of the cell. These bubbles rise through the water 110 and are collected in the upper portion of the container 111. The bubbles generated do not accumulate around or on the electrodes 105a, 105b and therefore float easily to the surface of the water 110. Therefore , there is no need to add a chemical catalyst to aid in the conduction of the solution or to reduce the accumulation of bubbles around or on the electrodes 105a, 105b. In this way, only tap water is needed for the generation of hydrogen and oxygen in the present invention. The gases produced inside the container are self-pressurizing (ie, the pressure builds up in the container by producing gas, without an air pump). In this way, no additional pump is needed to mate with the container 111 and the gases produced do not need to be transported to a pressurized container.

The power supply in the present invention is required to provide a driven signal having only 12 volts at 300 ma (3.6 watts). It has been found that an optimum amount of hydrogen and oxygen has been produced when the driven signal has a working-to-rest ratio of 10: 1 and a frequency of 10-250 KHz. Using these parameters, the prototype cell of the present invention is capable of producing gas at a rate of 0.703 kilogram per square centimeter per minute. Correspondingly, the cell of the present invention is capable of producing hydrogen and oxygen in a highly efficient manner quickly and with low power requirements. As mentioned above, the hydrogen produced by the embodiments of Figures 1 to 3 is orthohydrogen. As will be well understood by those skilled in the art, orthohydrogen is highly combustible. Therefore, any orthohydrogen produced can be transported from the container 111 through the valve 102 and the outlet tube 101 to be used by a device such as an internal combustion engine. The present invention, with sufficient electrodes, can generate hydrogen and oxygen fast enough to feed the gases directly to the internal combustion engine or the turbine engine, and can operate the engine continuously without accumulation or storage of the gases. Therefore, this provides for the first time, a hydrogen / oxygen driven motor that is safe because it requires storage of hydrogen gas or oxygen gas. Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary power supply for providing DC power signals such as those illustrated in Figures 4a-4c to the electrodes illustrated in Figures 1-3. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that any other power supply that is capable of providing the driven signals discussed above can be replaced by the same. The power supply illustrated in the Figure includes the following parts and their exemplary components or values: Astable circuit NE555 circuit or equivalent logic circuit Resistance R2 10K Resistance R3 10K Resistance R4 10K Resistance R5 2.7K Resistance R6 2.7K Transistor TRI 2N3904 Transistor TR2 2N3904 Transistor TR3 2N3055 or any switch silicon high current and high speed Diode D2 1N4007 Capacitor capacitors Vcc bypass (not shown) as required The astable circuit is connected to the base of transistor TRl through resistor R2. The collector of the transistor TRl is connected to the voltage supply Vcc through the resistor R5 and the base of the transistor TR2 through the resistor R3. The collector of transistor TR2 is connected to voltage supply Vcc through resistor R6 and the base of transistor TR3 through resistor R4. The collector of transistor TR3 is connected to one of the electrodes of the cell and diode D2. The emitters of the TRI transistors, TR2, TR3 are connected to ground. Resistors R5 and R6 serve as collector loads for transistors TR1 and TR2, respectively. The cell serves as the collector load for transistor TR3. The resistors R2, R3 and R4 serve to respectively ensure that the transistors TR1, TR2 and TR3 are saturated. Diode D2 protects the rest of the circuit from any induced electromotive force within the cell. The astable circuit is used to generate a train of impulses during a specific time and with a specific work-rest ratio. This pulse train is provided to the base of transistor TR1 through resistor R2. The TRI transistor functions as an inversion switch. In this way, when the astable circuit produces an output pulse, the base voltage of the transistor TRl goes to the high state (ie, close to Vcc or logic 1). Therefore, the collector voltage level of the transistor TRl goes to the low state (ie, near ground or logical 0). Transistor TR2 also functions as an inverter. When the collector voltage of the transistor TR1 goes to the low state, the base voltage of the transistor TR2 also goes to the low state and the transistor TR2 is turned off. Therefore, the collector voltage of transistor TR2 and the base voltage of Transistor TR3 goes to the high state. Therefore, transistor TR3 is connected in accordance with the working and rest ratio signaled by the astable circuit. When transistor TR3 is connected, one electrode of the cell is connected to Vcc and the other is connected to ground through transistor TR3. In this way, the transistor TR3 - l it can be connected (and disconnected) and therefore the transistor TR3 effectively serves as a power switch for the electrodes of the cell. Figures 6 to 8 illustrate the additional modalities of the cell that are similar to the embodiments of Figures 1 to 3, respectively. However, each of the embodiments of Figures 6 to 8 also includes a coil 104 positioned above the electrodes and the power supply terminals 107 connected to the coil 104. The dimensions of the coil 104 for example, can be 5 x 7 centimeters and have, for example, 1500 laps. The coil 104 is submerged below the surface of the water 110. The embodiments of Figures 6 to 8 further include an optional switch 121 which can be switched to be switched on or off by the user. When the switch 121 is not closed, then the cell basically forms the same structure as Figures 1 to 3 and thus can be operated in the same manner as described in Figures 1 to 3 to produce orthohydrogen and oxygen. When the switch 121 is closed, the additional coil 104 makes the cell capable of producing oxygen and either (1) parahydrogen or (2) a mixture of parahydrogen and orthohydrogen.

- When the switch 121 is closed (or not included), the coil 104 is connected through the terminals 106 and the switch 121 (or directly connected only through the terminals 106) with a power supply, so that the coil 104 can receive a driven signal. As will be discussed below, this power supply can be formed by the circuit illustrated in Figure 9. When the coil 104 and the electrodes 105a, 105b receive the pulses, it is possible to produce parahydrogen bubbles or a mixture of parahydrogen and orthohydrogen. Bubbles form and float to the surface of water 110 as discussed in Figures 1 to 3. When the coil is driven with a higher current, a greater amount of parahydrogen is produced. In addition, by varying the voltage of the coil 104, a higher / lower percentage of orthohydrogen / parahydrogen can be produced. In this way, by controlling the voltage level, the level of the current and the frequency (which will be discussed below) that is provided to the coil 104 (and the parameters such as the voltage level, the level of the current, the frequency, the working and rest ratio and the waveform provided to the electrodes 105a, 105b as discussed above) the composition of the gas produced by the cell can be controlled. For example, it is possible to produce only oxygen and orthohydrogen by simply disconnecting coil 104. It is also possible to produce only oxygen and parahydrogen by providing the appropriate pulsed signals to coil 104 and electrodes 105a, 105b. All the benefits and results discussed in relation to the embodiments of Figures 1 to 3 also derive from the embodiments of Figures 6 to 8. For example, the cells of Figures 6 to 8 are self-pressing, do not require chemical catalyst , and do not greatly heat the water 110 or the cell, and produce a large amount of hydrogen and oxygen in the form of gases of a modest amount of input power, without bubbles at the electrodes. A considerable amount of time must pass before the next pulse supplies the current to the coil 104. Therefore, the frequency of the driven signal is much lower than that which is provided to the electrodes 105a, 105b. Correspondingly, with the type of coil 104 having the dimensions described above, the frequency of the driven signals can be as high as 30 Hz, but preferably 17-22 Hz to obtain the optimum results. Parahydrogen is not highly combustible such as orthohydrogen and therefore is a slower burning form of hydrogen. In this way, if the parahydrogen is produced by the cell, the parahydrogen can be coupled with an appropriate device such as a cooking appliance or an oven to provide a power source or heat with a slower flame. Figure 9 illustrates an exemplary power supply for providing DC direct current driven signals such as those illustrated in Figures 4a to 4c to the electrodes illustrated in Figures 6 to 8. In addition, the power supply can provide another signal driven to the coil. As will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, any other power supply is able to provide the driven signals discussed above to the cell electrodes and the coil can be substituted therewith. Alternatively, the driven signals that are provided to the electrodes and the coil can be provided by two separate power supplies. The portion of the power supply (astable circuit, R2-R6, TR1-TR3, D2) that provides a signal driven to the electrodes of the cell is identical to that illustrated in Figure 5. The power supply illustrated in FIG. Figure 9 also includes the following parts and their respective exemplary values: Divide between N the 4018 BPC or the equivalent logic counter circuit NE 554 Monostable Circuit or equivalent logic circuit Resistance Rl 10 K Transistor TR4 2N3055 or any silicon commutator with high current and high speed Diode DI 1N4007.

The input through division by the counter N (hereinafter "the divider") is connected to the collector of the transistor TRl. The output of the divider is connected to the monostable circuit and the output of the monostable circuit is connected to the base of transistor TR4 through resistor Rl. The collector of transistor TR4 is connected to one end of the coil and a DI diode. The other end of the coil and the DI diode is connected to the voltage supply Vcc. The resistance Rl ensures that TR4 is completely saturated. The diode D2 prevents any induced electromagnetic force generated inside the coil from damaging the rest of the circuit. As illustrated in Figures 6 to 8, a switch 121 may be incorporated into the circuit to allow the user to switch between (1) a cell that produces orthohydrogen and oxygen, and (2) a cell that produces at least parahydrogen and oxygen. The high / low switching of the collector voltage of the transistor TRl provides a signal driven to the divider. The splitter divides this boosted signal between N (where N is the positive integer) to produce a boosted output signal. This output signal is used to trigger the monostable circuit. The monostable circuit restores the pulse length so that it has an appropriate timing or timing. The output signal from the monostable circuit is provided to the base of transistor TR4 through resistor R1 to switch transistor TR4 for on / off. When the transistor TR4 is connected, the coil is placed between Vcc and the ground. When the transistor TR4 is disconnected, the coil is disconnected from the rest of the circuit. As discussed in conjunction with Figures 6 to 8, the frequency of the pulse signal that is provided to the coil is switched to a preferred rate of between 17 to 22 Hz; that is, much lower than the frequency of the driven signal provided to the electrodes. As indicated above, the circuit (divider, monostable circuit, R1, TR4 and DI) providing the signal driven to the coil is not required to be connected to the circuit (astable circuit, R2-R6, TR1-TR3 , D2) that provides the signal driven to the electrodes. However, connecting the circuits in this way will provide an easy way to initiate the signal driven into the coil. A working prototype of the present invention has been successfully constructed and operated with exemplary and optimum parameters indicated above to generate orthohydrogen, parahydrogen and water oxygen. The exhaust gas from the prototype has been connected by a pipe from the inlet of the manifold of a gasoline engine of a small cylinder with the carburetor removed, and in this way this engine has been satisfactorily operated without any gasoline. The advantages and additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and representative devices shown and described herein. Accordingly, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (37)

1. CLAIMS: 1. An apparatus comprising: a. a container for retaining a fluid solution including water; b. a pair of electrodes placed inside the container, the electrodes are separated from each other by 1 millimeter; c. a coil placed inside the container; d. a first power supply coupled with the electrodes to provide a first signal driven to one of the electrodes and the driven signal has a working and rest ratio essentially equal to 10: 1 and a frequency of 10 to 250 KHZ; and e. a second power supply switchably coupled with the coil to provide a second signal driven to the coil, the second driven signal has a frequency of about 19 Hz; F. wherein the electrodes are immersed in the fluid solution; g. the coil is placed above the electrodes; h. the first signal driven from the first power supply has a voltage of 12 volts and a current of 300 ma; i. the first signal driven has a square wave waveform; j. one of the pair of electrodes forms an internal cylinder and the other of the pair of electrodes, an external cylinder that surrounds the internal cylinder; k. both of the electrodes are made of the same material; 1. the fluid solution does not include a chemical catalyst; m. the package includes a pressure relief valve that opens if the pressure within the package exceeds a predetermined threshold; n. the package includes an outlet orifice for conveying the pressurized gas content of the package to a device of the group consisting of: 1. an internal combustion engine; 2. a reciprocating piston motor; 3. a gas turbine engine; 4. a stove; 5. a heater; 6. an oven; 7. a distillation unit; 8. a water purification unit; and 9. a hydrogen / oxygen flame jet; I. a voltage level of the second driven signal applied to the coil is variable.
2. 2. An apparatus that comprises: a. a container for retaining a fluid solution including water; b. a pair of electrodes placed inside the container, the electrode is separated from each other by 5 millimeters or less; and c. a power supply coupled with the electrodes to provide a signal driven to one of the electrodes; the driven signal has a working and rest ratio essentially equal to 10: 1 and a frequency of 10 to 250 KHZ; d. where the electrodes are immersed in the fluid solution.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the signal driven from the power supply has a voltage of 12 volts and a current of 300 ma.
4. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the driven signal has a square wave waveform.
5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein one of the pair of electrodes forms an internal cylinder and the other of the pair of electrodes forms an external cylinder surrounding the internal cylinder.
6. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein both of the pair of electrodes form a flat plate.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising at least one pair of additional electrodes coupled with the power supply, wherein each electrode of the additional pair of electrodes forms a flat plate.
8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein both of the pair of electrodes is formed by the same material.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein both of the pair of electrodes is formed by the same material.
10. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the material forming the electrodes is stainless steel.
11. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the material forming the electrodes is stainless steel.
12. 12. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the fluid solution does not include a chemical catalyst.
13. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the fluid solution does not include a chemical catalyst.
14. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the package includes a pressure relief valve that opens if the pressure within the package exceeds a predetermined threshold.
15. 15. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the package includes a pressure relief valve that opens if the pressure within the package exceeds a predetermined threshold.
16. 16. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising: a device using hydrogen and oxygen, selected from the group consisting of: a. an internal combustion engine: b. a reciprocating piston engine; c. a gas turbine engine; d. a stove; e. a heater; F. an oven; g. a distillation unit; h. a water purification unit; and i. a hydrogen / oxygen flame jet; wherein the package includes an outlet orifice for conveying the pressurized gas content of the container to the device using hydrogen and oxygen.
17. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising: a device using hydrogen and oxygen, selected from the group consisting of: a. an internal combustion engine: b. a reciprocating piston motor; c. a gas turbine engine; d. a stove; and. a heater; F. an oven; g. a distillation unit; h. a water purification unit; and i. a hydrogen / oxygen flame jet; wherein the package includes an outlet orifice for conveying the pressurized gas content of the container to the device using hydrogen and oxygen.
18. 18. An apparatus comprising: a. a container for retaining a fluid solution including water; b. a pair of electrodes placed inside the container; c. a coil placed inside the container; d. a first power supply coupled with the electrodes to provide a first signal driven to one of the electrodes; and e. a second power supply coupled with the coil to provide a second signal driven to the coil.
19. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein a. wherein the electrodes are immersed in the fluid solution; and b. the coil is placed above the electrodes.
20. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising a switch coupled with the second power supply for connecting / disconnecting the second power supply with / from the coil.
21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein a voltage level of the second driven signal applied to the coil is variable.
22. 22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein a voltage level of the second driven signal applied to the coil is variable.
23. 23. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein at least one of the parameters of the first driven signal applied to the electrodes are variable.
24. 24. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein at least one of the parameters of the first driven signal applied to the electrodes are variable.
25. 25. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein at least one of the parameters of the first driven signal applied to the electrodes are variable.
26. 26. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the second driven signal has a frequency of 17 to 22 Hz.
27. 27. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the pair of electrodes are separated by 1 millimeter.
28. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein one of the pair of electrodes forms an internal cylinder and the other of the pair of electrodes forms an outer cylinder that surrounds the internal cylinder.
29. 29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein both of the pair of electrodes form a flat plate.
30. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, further comprising at least one additional pair of electrodes coupled with the first power supply wherein each electrode of the additional pair of electrodes forms a flat plate.
31. 31. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein both of the pair of electrodes is formed by the same material.
32. 32. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein both of the pair of electrodes is formed by the same material.
33. 33. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the material forming the electrodes is stainless steel.
34. 34. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the material forming the electrodes is stainless steel.
35. 35. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the fluid solution does not include a chemical catalyst.
36. 36. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the package includes a pressure relief valve that opens if the pressure within the package exceeds a predetermined threshold.
37. 37. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising: a device using hydrogen and oxygen, which is selected from the group consisting of: a. an internal combustion engine: b. a reciprocating piston motor; c. a gas turbine engine; d. a stove; and. a heater; F. an oven; g. a distillation unit; h. a water purification unit; and i. a hydrogen / oxygen flame jet; wherein the package includes an outlet orifice for conveying the contents of the pressurized gas from the container to the device using hydrogen and oxygen.