MXPA00009308A - Aerosol hairspray composition - Google Patents

Abstract

A single phase autophobic hairspray composition comprising:a) from 0.5%to 10%by weight of a film-forming hairspray resin;b) from 10 to 60%by weight of a propellant including a mixture of at least one hydrocarbon and a di(C1-C4 alkyl) ether in a weight ratio from 5:1 to 1:10;c) from 0.01%to 1.0%by weight of an autophobic hairspray additive, being a surfactant or polymer which imparts autophobic behaviour to the hairspray composition, and d) water.

Description

COMPOSITION OF FIXER FOR THE HAIR IN AEROSOL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a composition of hair spray fixative to achieve a hairstyle with enhanced sensory attributes with high water levels. BACKGROUND AND PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE The compositions of hair fixatives must meet various functional requirements. These include good hold and curl retention ability, without giving a harsh, brittle feel to the hair. Conventional hair fixative formulations are based on ethanol and therefore form very wet hair systems. The coagulation of the aerosol droplets on the hair fiber and the subsequent evaporation of the ethanol to leave a solid polymer residue leads to a network of fiber-to-fiber bonds. However, there are undesirable consequences when coating the hair with polymer, manifesting in perceptions of negative sensations such as stiffness, stiff, sticky feeling or unnatural sensation. U.S. Patent No. 4,871,529 discloses ethanol solvent-based hair fixative compositions employing a specific type of silicone copolyol which causes the hair fixative composition to shrink after drying. This is described as an "autophobic effect" that causes large drops of the composition to form, and produce larger bonding points between the fibers. Locating the deposits in this way is advantageous as it offers stronger bonds and a more durable hold and reduces negative sensations such as stiffness and unnatural feeling. United States Patent No. 4,871,529 recommends a minimum amount of water in its autophobic systems, if there is any presence of water. However, with increasingly abundant legislation regarding the volatile organic content of hair fixatives, it is desirable to formulate systems with a relatively high water content. U.S. Patent No. 5,021,238 (Martino et al.) Reports the progress of using dimethyl ester (DME) as a hair fixative propellant. The dimethyl ester allows the use of water as the sole solvent by which the volatiles problem is significantly reduced. However, with this type of propellant it has been shown that it is impossible to achieve an autophobic effect with high water levels. Alternatively, the replacement of chlorofluorocarbon with hydrocarbon propellants has been discussed in U.S. Patent No. 4,859,455 (Nowak, Jr. et al.). However, a problem with hydrocarbon propellants is that it becomes impossible to achieve a single-phase system at high water levels. For example, in a water-hydrocarbon system containing more than 15 percent hydrocarbon, the composition is separated into two phases - an aqueous phase and a hydrocarbon phase. Now we have found that it is possible to achieve both a self-phobic effect and a single phase system through the use of a specific mixture of propellants in combination with a film-forming hair fixative and a fixative additive for the hair. autofobic hair. Furthermore, the autophobic effect thus achieved is tolerant of high water levels. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention provides a fixative composition for single-phase autophobic hair comprising: a) from 0.5 percent to 10 percent by weight of a film-forming hair fixative resin; b) from 10 to 60 weight percent of a propellant including a mixture of at least one hydrocarbon and a di (alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms) in a weight ratio of 5: 1 to 1:10; c) from 0.01 percent to 1.0 percent by weight of a fixative additive for autofobic hair, which is a surfactant or polymer that imparts autophobic behavior to the composition of hair fixative, and d) water. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Fixative Resin for Film-forming Hair The resins of hair fixative employed in the compositions of the present invention should be capable of forming a film and keeping the user's hair in place after evaporation of the hair. the volatile components of the hair fixative composition. The hair fixative resins are well-known articles of commerce and many resinous polymers are commercially available which contain fractions which give the polymers cationic, anionic, amphoteric or non-ionic nature. To provide optimum sprayability, the polymers employed in the hair setting compositions typically vary in an average number-average molecular weight from 5,000 to 100,000 with 10,000 to 50,000 being more preferred. The amount of the resin can vary from 0.5 to 10 percent, preferably 0.75 to 6 percent by weight of the total composition. Examples of anionic hair fixative resins are: vinyl acetate and crotonic acid copolymers; terpolymers of vinyl acetate, crotonic acid and a vinyl ester of an alpha-branched saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid such as vinyl neodecanoate; copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride (molar ratio of about 1: 1) wherein these copolymers are 50 percent esterified with a saturated alcohol containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethanol or butanol; acrylic copolymers, terpolymers, etc., containing acrylic acid or methacrylic acid as the fraction containing anionic radical with other monomers such as: esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid having one or more saturated alcohols of at 22 carbon atoms (such as methacrylate) of methyl, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate and behenyl acrylate); glycols having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (such as hydroxypropyl methacrylate and hydroxyethyl acrylate); styrene; vinyl caprolactam; vinyl acetate; acrylamide; alkyl acrylamides and methacrylamides having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group (such as methacrylamide, t-butyl acrylamide and n-octyl acrylamide), and other compatible unsaturated monomers. The polymer may also contain grafted silicone, such as polydimethylsiloxane. A specific example of a suitable anionic hair fixative resin is the emulsion polymerized terpolymer of methacrylic acid, n-butyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate (for example in a weight ratio of 31:42:27, respectively). Another specific example is Ultrahold® 8 (CTFA-Cosmetic, Toiletries and Fragrance Association designation of Acrylate / Acrylamide Copolymer). Other suitable anionic hair fixative resins include carboxylated polyurethanes. The carboxylated polyurethane resins are linear copolymers, terminated by hydroxyl having pendant carboxyl groups. They can be ethoxylated and / or propoxylated at least at one terminal end. The carboxyl group can be a carboxylic acid group or an ester group, wherein the alkyl fraction of the ester group contains from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The carboxylated polyurethane resin may also be a copolymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone and a polyurethane, which has a CTFA designation of PVP / polycarbamyl polyglycol ester. Suitable carboxylated polyurethane resins are described in EP 0 619 111 Al and in the US Pat.

North America number 5,000,955. Other suitable hydrophilic polyurethanes are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,822,238; 4,156,066; 4,156,067; 4,255,550; and 4,743,673.

Amphoteric polymers which may contain cationic groups derived from monomers such as t-butyl aminoethyl methacrylate as well as carboxylic groups derived from monomers such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid can also be used in the present invention. A specific example of a fixative resin for amphoteric hair is Amphomer® (octylacrylamide / acrylates / butylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer) sold by the National Starch and Chemical Corporation. Examples of resins for non-ionic hair fixatives are homopolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone with compatible non-ionic monomers such as vinyl acetate and terpolymers of ethyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate. Nonionic polymers containing N-vinylpyrrolidone at various average molecular weight weights are commercially available from ISP Corporation such as homopolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone having an average molecular weight of approximately 630,000 sold by ISP (formerly GAF Corporation) under the registered trademark PVP K-90 and those that have an average molecular weight of about 1, 000,000 sold under the registered trademark of PVP K-120. Examples of cationic hair fixative resins are copolymers of amino functional acrylate monomers such as lower alkyl aminoalkyl acrylate or methacrylate monomers such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with compatible monomers such as N-vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl caprolactam, or alkyl methacrylates. such as methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate and alkyl acrylates such as ethyl acrylate and n-butyl acrylate. Cationic resins containing N-vinylpyrrolidone are commercially available from ISP Corporation such as those sold under the registered trademarks of Copolymer 845 and Copolymer 937 (copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate of average molecular weight approximately 1,000,000) and Garfquat® 755 and 755N (quaternary ammonium polymers formed by the reaction of dimethyl sulfate and a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate of average molecular weight of about 1,000,000). With certain of the resins it may be necessary to neutralize some acid groups to promote solubility / dispersibility. Examples of suitable neutralizing agents include 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD); 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol (AEPD); 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP); 2-amino-1-butanol (AB); monoethanolamine (MEA); Diethanolamine (DEA); triethanolamine (TEA); monoisopropanolamine (MIPA); di-isopropanol-amine (DIPA); tri-isopropanolamine (TIPA); and dimethyl stearamine (DMS). A long chain amine neutralizing agent such as lauramidopropyl dimethylamine can be employed, as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,874,604. Mixtures of any of the above neutralizing agents can be used. The amounts of neutralizing agents will vary from about 0.001 to about 10 weight percent of the total composition. Essential propellant to the present invention is a mixed hydrocarbon and dialkyl ether propellant system. The dialkyl ether is an ether di (alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms), more preferably dimethyl ether. The hydrocarbon component of the propellant system will be an alkane with from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, especially one selected from propane, isobutane, n-butane and mixtures thereof. An example is a combination of propane and isobutane, such as the A50 propellant commercially available from the Aeropress Corporation. The total amount of propellant will vary from 3 to 50 percent, preferably from 5 to 45 percent, optimally from 25 to 45 percent by weight of the total composition. The proportions by weight of total hydrocarbon to dialkyl ether will vary from 5: 1 to 1:10, preferably from 2: 1 to 1: 5, more preferably from 1: 1 to 1: 4, optimally about 1: 2 by weight. Fixative additive for the hair autofóbico Also essential for the present invention is a fixative additive for the hair autofóbico, which is a surfactant or polymer that imparts autofóbico behavior to the composition of fixer for the hair. The autophobic behavior of the hair fixative composition is conveniently evaluated as follows: Conventional systems exhibit high wetting of the hair fibers. In these systems, the solid (including the hair fixative resin) deposited in the fiber-to-fiber bonds are significantly dispersed along the fibers from the center of the bond along the entire length of the fibers. In contrast, the autophobic systems seem to locate the deposit in fiber-to-fiber junctions, with a reduced coating of those regions of the fibers external to the junctions. This is consistent with the fact that the deposit is formed from a bad humidifier system, that is, the liquid makes a high contact angle with the fiber. The morphology of the high contact angle drop of the dry autofobic system on the cross hair fibers can be seen by means of a magnifying glass. Suitable autophobic hair fixative additives can be selected from the group consisting of: (i) silicone copolyols with outstanding alkyls of the formula (I) where m and n are integers from 0 to 50; x and y are integers chosen to give the copolyol a molecular weight of at least 600. Z is hydrogen or an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms; (ii) dimethicone copolyols of formula (II): R) b-R wherein n is an integer chosen to give the copolyol a molecular weight of at least 600; x and x 'are integers from 1 to 12; a, ..., b, "• are integers from 0 to 50, and *" * ** "» alkyl radical with from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, (iii) polydimethicone copolyols of formula (III): where x and n are integers chosen to give the copolyol a molecular weight of at least 500; and is an integer from 1 to 12, and a and b are integers from 0 to 50; (iv) alkyl ethoxylates; and (v) fluorotensives. The silicone copolyols with outstanding alkyls of the formula (I) are known and described in U.S. Patent No. 4,871,529. A preferred example is the copolyol of ethoxylated dimethicone SIL ET® L- 7602, former OSi Specialties. The dimethicone copolyols of formula (II) referred to above are sometimes referred to as "ABA" type copolymers, due to the presence of polyalkylene oxide and alternating silicone blocks. The polydimethicone copolyols of formula (III) referred to above are sometimes designated as (AB) n type copolymers. The molecular weight of the copolyols of formulas (II) and (III) conveniently ranges from 500 to 50,000. Suitable dimethicone copolyols of formula (II) are SILSOFT® 900, sold by OSi Specialties, have a molecular weight of about 2000, R is hydrogen and a is 0; and the materials sold by Goldschmidt as TEGOPREN® 3012 and 5830 respectively. Suitable polydimethicone copolyols of the formula (III) are those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,242,466. Illustrative is the material sold by OSi Specialties as SILSOFT® 487, which has a molecular weight of approximately 150,000, with a and b both greater than 0. Examples of suitable alkyl ethoxylates are those with general formula (IV): nH2n-l (OCH2CH2) ? OR (IV) wherein n is an integer from 5 to 20, preferably from 8 to 18, more preferably 12 to 14; x is an integer from 3 to 50, preferably from 3 to 30; and R is hydrogen or an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example methyl. Preferably R is hydrogen. Illustrative are GENAPOL® C-250, (ex Hoechst Celanese), which is a coconut fatty alcohol (with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, mainly with 12 to 14 carbon atoms) ethoxylated with 25 moles of ethylene oxide, and DOBANOL® 91-5 (ex Shell) , which is ethoxyl alcohol with 9 to 11 carbon atoms with 5 moles of ethylene oxide. Fluorosurfactants are surfactants in which the hydrophobic segment of the molecule contains fluorine. At least one hydrogen atom in the hydrophobic segment contains fluorine. The hydrophobe can be completely fluorinated (perfluorinated) or can be partially fluorinated. As with conventional surfactants, fluoride-surfactants can be classified into four types: anionic, cationic, amphoteric and non-ionic. Its structural features are described in the book "Fluorinated Surfactants - Surfactant Science Series Vol. 50" by Eric Kissa, Marcel Dekker Inc., 1994, Chapter 1. An example of a suitable fluorotensive agent is the material sold by Dow / 3M as L13564, of formula (V): wherein Rf is a hydrophobe containing fluorine. Mixtures of any of the foregoing autophobic hair fixative additives may also be used. Water The compositions of the present invention include water. Typical water levels for the ethanol-based spray fixative spray are from 2 to 10 percent, usually about 2 to 6 percent by weight. However, with the advent of legislation concerning the flammability and volatile organic content of hair fixatives, it is increasingly desirable to formulate systems with relatively high water content. A particular advantage associated with the hair fixatives according to the present invention is that they can be formulated with high water content, without prejudice to the autophobic effect. The hair fixatives of the present invention can be formulated with a water content of up to 30 percent, even 45 to 55 percent, by weight of the total composition. The upper limit of the water content is not critical to the present invention, but in general it is governed by the tendency of the formulation of the hair fixative to impart a sticky feeling to the hair if the water level is too high. An optimum water level for the hair fixatives of the present invention is generally from 10 to 25 percent, for example about 15 to 20 weight percent of the total composition. Optional components A preferred optional component in the hair fixatives of the invention is a conditioning agent selected from fluids of. volatile and non-volatile silicones.

Volatile silicone fluids are preferably chosen oils of cyclic or linear polydimethylsiloxanes containing from 3 to 9, preferably from 4 to 5, silicon atoms. Cyclomethicone is the most preferred cyclic volatile silicone. Linear volatile silicone oils generally have viscosities less than about 5 centistokes at 25 ° C while cyclic fluids typically have viscosities of less than about 10 centistokes. The non-volatile silicone oils useful for the present invention include polyalkyl siloxane copolymers, polyalkylaryl siloxanes and polyether siloxane. The non-volatile polyalkyl siloxanes useful herein include, for example, polydimethyl siloxanes with viscosities of 5 to 100,000 centistokes at 25 ° C. Among the preferred non-volatile silicones are the polydimethyl siloxanes having viscosities of 10 to 400 centistokes at 25 ° C. These siloxanes are available, for example, from the General Electric Company as SF 1075 methyl phenyl fluid or from Dow Corning as Cosmetic Grade Fluid 556. Non-volatile polyalkylaryl siloxane fluids that can be used include, for example, polymethylphenyl siloxane which It has viscosities of approximately 15 to 30,000 centistokes at 25 ° C. Minor amounts of other ingredients commonly found in hair care compositions may also be included, such as antifoaming agents, antioxidants, proteins, preservatives, keratin amino acids, ultraviolet inhibitors, fragrances, coloring agents, regulatory agents, polyols, and other modifying agents. Generally these optional ingredients are included individually at a level of up to about 5 weight percent of the total composition. Preferably, the compositions of this invention also contain adjuvants suitable for hair care. Generally these ingredients are included individually at a level of up to 2 percent, preferably up to 1 percent by weight of the total composition. Among the suitable hair care adjuvants are: (i) natural nutrients of the hair root, such as amino acids and sugars. Examples of suitable amino acids are arginine, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, serine and valine, and / or precursors and derivatives thereof. The amino acids can be added singly, in mixtures, or in the form of peptides, for example di- and tripeptides. The amino acids can also be added in the form of a protein hydrolyzate, such as keratin or collagen hydrolysates. Suitable sugars are glucose, dextrose and fructose. These can be added singularly or in the form of, for example, fruit extracts. A particularly preferred combination of natural hair root nutrients for inclusion in compositions of the invention is isoleucine and glucose. A particularly preferred amino acid nutrient is arginine. (ii) hair fiber benefit agents.

Examples are: - ceramides, to moisten the fiber and maintain the integrity of the cuticle. Ceramides are available by extraction from natural sources, or as synthetic ceramides and pseudoceramides. A preferred ceramide is Ceramide II, ex Quest. Mixtures of ceramides may also be convenient, such as Ceramides LS, former Laboratoires Serobiologiques. The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting example: EXAMPLE An illustrative formulation according to the present invention is described below.

"'Octylacrylamide / acrylates / butylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, ex National Starch 2) Ethoxylated dimethicone copolyol ex OSi Specialties Cyclomethicone, formerly Dow Corning

Claims (6)

1. A single-phase autofocic hair fixative composition comprising: a) 0.5 percent to 10 percent by weight of a film-forming hair fixative resin; b) from 10 to 60 weight percent of a propellant including a mixture of at least one hydrocarbon and a di (alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms) in a weight ratio of 5: 1 to 1:10; c) from 0.01 percent to 1.0 percent by weight of a fixative additive for autofobic hair, which is a surfactant or polymer that imparts autophobic behavior to the hair fixative composition, and d) water.

2. A hair fixative composition according to claim 1, wherein the film-forming hair fixative resin is an amphoteric resin, preferably an octylacrylamide / acrylates / butylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer.

3. A hair fixative composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fixative additive for the autofobic hair is selected from the group consisting of: (i) outstanding silicone alkyl copolyols of formula (I) ) where m and n are integers from 0 to 50; x and y are integers chosen to give the copolyol a molecular weight of at least 600. Z is hydrogen or an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms; (ii) dimethicone copolyols of formula (II): R () b'R wherein n is an integer chosen to give the copolyol a molecular weight of at least 600; x and x 'are integers from 1 to 12; a, a ', b, b' are integers from 0 to 50, and R is hydrogen or an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, - (iii) polydimethicone copolyols of formula (III): (III) wherein x and n are integers chosen to give the copolyol a molecular weight of at least 500; and is an integer from 1 to 12, and a and b are integers from 0 to 50; (iv) alkyl ethoxylates; and (v) fluorotensives.

4. A hair fixative composition according to claim 3, wherein the fixative additive for the autofobic hair is a silicone copolyol of formula (I); preferably an ethoxylated dimethicone copolyol. A hair fixative composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the weight ratio of hydrocarbon and ether di (alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms) is from 1: 1 to 1: 4, preferably about 1: 2. 6. A hair fixative composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the water content is from 10 to 25 percent, preferably from 15 to 20 percent by weight of the total composition.