MXPA00008742A - Side frame-bolster interface for railcar bogie assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

A three-piece railcar bogie assembly comprising two side frames (103, 105) and a bolster (16) extending between the side frames (103, 105). Each side frame (103, 105) has spaced columns defining an opening which receives one end of the bolster (16). Each side frame (103, 105) also has forward and rearward lugs (54, 55, 100, 102) at the columns, both on the inboard side and the outboard side. Each side frame lug has a stop surface that is aligned in a facing relationship with a stop surface of one bolster gib (50, 51, 52, 53). There is a gap between the opposed side frame lugand bolster gib stop surfaces. The gap distance is limited to limit the bogie warp angle. The neighboring side frame lugs and bolster gibs may be sized, shaped and spaced so that the bogie warp angle may be limited to an angle of less than two degrees. The various stop-surfaces may be hardened to a desirable range of hardness over at least the contact portion of either contacting lug or gib, or both contacting surfaces may be hardened above the as-cast hardness.

Description

INT? RFAS? D? STRUCTURE-SIDE TRAVIESA PARA? NSAM3LS! JI! CARRETILLA D? WAGON DESCRIPTION The present application is a continuation in part of the pending North American patent application serial number 09 / 137,021, which is incorporated herein by reference. The present invention relates to wagon car assemblies and more specifically to the quadrature of three-piece wagon assemblies. In prior wagon wheel assemblies, the surfaces or retaining surfaces extending laterally in width, adjacent to the side frame wear plates and the friction shoe cavities of the sleeper have been provided to prevent rotation of the truck. the sleeper around its longitudinal axis, - that is, the rotation of the sleeper. Alternatively, ratchet retaining tabs of the tie have been provided on the inside face of a side frame column to inhibit the rotation of the tie in the side frame about the longitudinal axis of the tie. Such rotation about the longitudinal axis of the sleeper is known as gallop movement. The sleeper can also rotate around the vertical axis. Said rotation of the sleeper is known as losange or deformation. When the truck is buckling, it is out of balance: The lateral structures operatively remain parallel to each other, but one side structure moves slightly in front of the other in a cyclical fashion. In the deformation of the truck, the sleeper rotates about its central vertical axis, causing an angular displacement of the lateral structure and the longitudinal axes of the sleeper of a normal relationship. The deformation results in a misalignment of the wheels with respect to the track. It is more pronounced on curved tracks and usually provides the opportunity for a large angle of attack to occur. The deformation can lead to the looper movement of the wagon, that is, a continuous instability of a set of wagon wheel wheels where the wagon is intertwined in the track in an oscillatory manner, usually with wheel rims. crashing against the rail. To reduce wheel deformation, the US Patent Application Serial No. 08 / 950,178, filed on May 2, 1997 and entitled "Improved Bolster Land Arrangement for Railcar Truck," describes that the axial clearance between the coupled sleeper and the Lateral structures in the columns of lateral structure can be forced. The clearance or spacing between the crossbeams of the sleeper and the side structure columns is reduced. However, in some environments, it may be desirable to avoid using a narrow clearance between the shoulders of the sleeper and the columns, of lateral structure to reduce deformation. For example, in some environments, it may be desirable to provide closely spaced surfaces to reduce the deformation that can be more easily inspected for wear than on the sleeper shoulders, or it may be desirable to provide design alternatives for closely spaced surfaces in the sleeper and the lateral structure projections. The present invention provides a truck car assembly that controls the deformation of the wagon through the restriction of the axial clearance between the coupled sleeper and the side structures. The invention further includes the selective hardening of the detent surfaces in the side structure tabs and the keyways of the sleeper to improve the wear index of the surfaces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION P? THE DRAWINGS In the figures of the Drawings, similar reference numbers identify similar components: FIGURE 1 is an oblique view of a representative three-piece wagon assembly; FIGURE 2 is an oblique view enlarging the partial cut of a portion of a lateral structure and a cross-tie connection in FIGURE 1 in the columns of a lateral structure; FIGURE 3 is a diagrammatic top plan view of a three-piece wagon assembly that deforms during the passage of an ana-bend in a railway track; FIGURE 4 is a diagrammatic top plan view of a three-piece wagon assembly in a reference, normal or assembled position; FIGURE 5 is a cross-section J-, a cross-sectional interface between a cross-section of a wagon wheel, with parts moved for clarity, the side structures and the cross-member being of the type shown in FIGS. 1-4; FIGURE 6 is a top plan view of a first embodiment of a side structure incorporating the teachings of the present invention; FIGURE 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7-7 of FIGURE 6; FIGURE 8 is a cross-sectional view of a side-sleeper structure interface for a wagon assembly, with parts removed for clarity, the side structure being of the type shown in FIGU2 / -S 5, 7 and 9; FIGURE 9 is a partial oblique view of the side structure of FIGURE 6 with a section shown in section; FIGURE 10 is a diagrammatic top plan view of a three-piece truck assembly of the present invention in a normal or assembled reference position, with the cross member and the side structures in a deformed reference position; FIGURE 11 is an oblique view in partial section of another embodiment of a lateral structure incorporating the features of the present invention; FIGURE 12 is an oblique view in partial section of another embodiment of a lateral structure incorporating the features of the present invention; FIGURE 13 is an oblique view, in partial section and with parts removed for clarity, of another modality of a lateral-naughty structure interface; FIGURE 14 is an oblique view, in partial section and with parts removed for clarity, of another modality of the interface of the lateral-naughty structure; FIGURE 15 is an oblique view of a separate detent member that can be mounted on a side structure or cross-member according to the teachings of the present invention; FIGURE 16 is an oblique view of an alternative detent member that can mounted on a side structure or sleeper according to the teachings of the present invention, and FIGURE 17 is a cross section of a broad projection type side structure and cross member for a wagon assembly, showing a side structure interface napkin, with parts removed for clarity, incorporating the features of the present invention The wagon assembly 10 in FIGURE 1 is a representative three-piece truck assembly for a loading wagon (not shown). a first side structure 12, a second side structure 14 and a cross member 16 extending between generally central openings 18, 20, openings 18, 20 are between the column 17 of the front side structure and the column 19 of the rear side structure, of the first and second side structures 12, 14, respectively. In FIGS. 1 and 4, the longitudinal carriage assembly axle 34 is generally parallel to the longitudinal axes 36 and 38 of the side structure ... The longitudinal axle 40 of the tie is generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axle 34 of the truck. The agon and the longitudinal axes 36, 38 of the lateral structure in the assembled position shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 correspond to a deformed reference position. The first axle and the wheel assembly 22 and the second axle and the wheel assembly 24 extend between the side structures 12, 14 at their opposite front ends 26 and the rear ends 28, respectively. The lateral structures 12, 14 are generally parallel to each other in the reference condition, assembled shown in FIGS. 1 V 4. The first cross-member end 30 is accommodated in the first lateral structure opening 18 and the second cross-member end 32 is accommodated in the second opening 20 of the lateral structure. The connection of the crossbar 16 in the openings 18 and 20 is likewise configured for any of the lateral structures 12, 14, and the following description will be provided for the connection of the first crossbeam end 30 and the first lateral structure opening 18. , but the description can also be applied to the connection of the second crossmember end 32 in the second lateral structure opening 20. The first transverse end 30 has crossbar columns 42, 44 exposed between the outer keyways 50, 51 and the internal keyways 52, 53 separated both on the front side 37 and the rear side 39 of the cross member (see FIGURES 2 and 4). -5) . Each tie column 42, 44 may have friction shoe cavities, shown at 41 and 43 in FIGURE 2. There may be friction shoes 46, 48 in each friction shoe cavity. The cross member may have a constant control type friction shoe or a variable control type friction shoe, having a vertical wear surface 47, or the tie columns 42, 44 may comprise a continuation between the keyways 50, 52 and between keys 51, 53 as described in U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 08 / 850,178, titled. "Improved Bolster Land Arrangement for Railcar Truck" filed on May 2, 1997 by V. Terry Hawthorne, Charles Moehling, Charles P. Spencer and Terry L. Pitchford, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. At each end of the cross-member 16, friction shoe cavities 41, 43 and friction shoes 46, 48 as well as cross-member columns 42, 44 are accommodated longitudinally in the anterior side wall 37 and the rear lateral web 39 of the cross-member 16 respectively. A wear plate 49 can be attached to each side structure column 17, 19 to be supported against wear surfaces 47. As shown in FIGS. 2-5, the side structure 12 of the prior art illustrated has an inner side 56, and an outer side 57. As shown in FIGURE 5, each anterior column 17 of lateral structure includes an inner core 21, an outer core 23, and a transversal web between the inner and outer column webs. Each rear column 19 of side structure includes an inner core 27, an outer core 29 and a transverse core 31 between them. inner and outer column souls. Each side structure 18, 20 is located between the webs 25, 31 of the opposite transverse webs of the columns 17, 19 of the two lateral structures 12, 14. As shown in FIGS. 2-5, there is a front rotation detent tab 54 in the interior I.IOO 56 of the front column 17 of the side structure and a rear rotation retainer tab 55 on the inner side 56 of Column 19 back. The front rotation detent tab 54 extends toward the central longitudinal axis 34 of the truck assembly from the front inner column web 21 and is aligned in an opposite manner to the inner front web link 52. The tab 55 of the rear rotation detent extends towards the central longitudinal axis 34 of the truck assembly from the rear inner column web 27 and is aligned opposite to the rear interior cross-member key 53. Each retaining tab 54, 55 Rotation elements have a retainer surface 58 spaced apart from and in parallel to a detent surface 0 on the interior keyway keys 52, 53. There is a space 62 between the opposing surfaces 58, 60 of each of the tabs and Rotation retainer keys The space distance is shown at "a" in FIGURE 5, and may be, for example, approximately 0.23 cm 3/32 oulgadas) as described in the US Patent Serial Number 3, 109,387 (1963) for Cari E. Tack and entitled "Siclen Frame-Bolster Interlocking Arrangement for 'tubbecl Trucks." The distance of space I have generally; It has been established in these prior art designs to control the rotation of the cross member 16 about its longitudinal axis 40. While some freedom of relative rotation between the cross member 16 and the side structure 12 and relative to a horizontal plane has been required to allow the truck assembly to traverse variable elevation ways, the opposite detent surfaces 58, 60 of the tabs 54, 55 of the rotation detent and the inner cotter keys 52, 53 have restricted this relative rotation to a predetermined range of motion, as described in the US Patent Serial Number 3, 09 09,387. The deformation of the truck involves the rotation of the crossbar 16 around a vertical axis, as is the vertical central axis 64 in FIGURES 3-4 so that the longitudinal axes 36,38 of the lacquer structures 12,14 and the Longitudinal axis 40 of cross member 16, respectively, are no longer perpendicular. An e? triplo of such undesirable deformation is shown in FIGURE 3, where the angle "a" is the deformed angle of the truck, that is, the angle defined by the longitudinal axis 38? the Lateral structure with a reference line 65 that is perpendicular to i; | e? longitudinal of the sleeper; the deformed angle J.e the cart "a" is also the angle defined by the central longitudinal axis 40 of the cross member with a reference line 66 that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axes 36,38 of the side structure. In this way, the deformed angle of the truck corresponds to the ungular displacement of the longitudinal axis 40 of the crossbeam and the longitudinal axes 36,38 of lateral structure of the deformed reference position shown in FIGURE 4. O > As disclosed in US Patent Application Serial No. 08 / 850,0178 entitled "Improvr-d Bolster Land Arrangement for Railcar Truck", filed May 2, 1997, deformation of the truck is problematic: it can lead to premature wear of the wheels, and can lead to increased loop movement and poor performance in the curves of the truck assemblies. In the present invention, the problem of deformation of the truck is mentioned. The outer tabs or detents 100,102 are provided in each side structure 12,14 opposite and aligned with the exterior keyways 50,51 of the crossbeam, and the spaces 62,104 are restricted between all the tabs 54,55,100,102 of the outer and inner side structure and ias 50,51,52,53 keys of outer and inner sleepers. With the spaces 62,104 constrained on the inner 56 and inner 57 sides, the range that can be allowed for the rotational movement of the cross member 16 about a vertical tulle axis such as the central vertical axis 64 is restricted. With the range of rotation about the restricted vertical axis 64, the distorted angle "" of the truck can be controlled and minimized. A first embodiment of the side structure 103 exemplifying the principles of the present invention as illustrated in FIGS. 6-8, and the side structure 103 with a cross member 16 is shown in cross section in FIGURE 9. As shown, numbers Similar references have been used for similar parts of the Lateral structures and the sleeper shown in FIGURES 1-4. in the first illustrated embodiment, the inner front and rear tabs 100,102 are included in the side structure 103, with a space 104 between the detent surfaces 106 of the outer side tabs 100,102 and the key retainer surfaces 108 of the keys 50, 51 of exterior sleeper. The space 104 and the space 62 between the detent surfaces 58 of the inner side frames 54, 55 and the opposite detent surfaces 60 of the inner keyways 50, 51 can be substantially restrained to control and eliminate the risk of damage to the interior. imitate the "deformed" angle of the truck In the first embodiment of the present invention, the front outer tongue 100 extends outwardly from the outer core 23 of the front side structure column 17. The outer rear tongue L 02 extends outwardly from the outer core 29 of the rear side frame bolt 19. At least a portion of the detent surface 106 of the tab 100 of the front and rear side structure is oriented rearward and is generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 36 of the side structure. At least a portion of the detent surface 108 of the front outer cross key 50 is in a confronting relationship with at least a portion of the detent surfaces 106 of the tongue 100 of the front outer side structure, and by the same. less part of the surfaces 106, 108 are close to each other. Together, the outer front side frame tab 100 and the outer front cross member key 50 at one end 30 of the cross member define a tongue and key of the outer front outer side structure, as shown in FIGURES 8 and 10. less a part of the tab retainer surface 106 of the rear outer side structure is oriented forward and is generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 36 of side structure. At least part of j. The detent surface 106 of the tab 102 of the rear outer side structure is in a confronting relationship with the detent surface 108 which is rearwardly oriented of the rear exterior crossmember key 51, and the detent surfaces 106, 108. They are close to each other. Together, the tab 102 of the exterior rear side structure-and the exterior rear cross-member key 51 at one end 30 of the cross-member define a tongue and a key of the outer rear surrounding side structure, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 10. On the inner side, at least a portion of the detent surface 58 of the tab 54 of the inner front side structure is oriented rearward and is generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 36 of the side structure. At least a part of the detent surface 58 of the tab 54 of the inner front side structure is in a confronting relationship with at least a portion of the retainer surface 60. of the key 52 of the inner forward crossbeam. Together, the tongue 54 of the inner front side structure and the inner front sleeper key 52 at one end 30 of the cross member define a tab and a key of the inner front surrounding side structure, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 10. at least a portion of the detent surface 38 of the tab 55 of the inner rear side structure is oriented forward and is generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 36 of the side structure. At least one part of the detent surface 58 of the tongue 55 of the inner rear side structure is in a confronting relationship with at least a portion of the surface 60 of the key catch 53 of the inner rear cross member. Attached tab 55 interior rear side structure and interior rear sleeper key 53 on one end of cross member 30 define a tab and a structure key. The interior side frame, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 10. As shown in FIGURE 10, both lateral structures are similarly configured, and it should be understood that the foregoing description applies as does the interface of the other end 32 of FIG. the crosspiece in the second side structure 105. In the first illustrated embodiment, the detent surfaces 108 of the outer cotter keyways 50, 51 are parallel to the longitudinal crossmember axis 40 and the opposed detent surfaces 106 of the outer side frame tabs 100, 102 when the truck assembly of three pieces is in its assembled condition as shown in FIGURE 10. The magnitude of the spaces 62, 104 between poop for the opposite detent surfaces 106, 108 in the flat 57 exterior are shown in "b" and "." in the FIGURE; The space isolates "b" and "c" can cac a one i "in the range of approximately 0.50 to O.OOOScm (0.2 to 1/64 inches) (0.015), and each space is preferably smaller than 0.23cm (3/32 inch) and in the range 0.11-0.02 '3 / 64-1 / 64 inches.) In the first illustrated mode, the distances "b" and "c" of space are equal in the Assembled assemblies of the wagon assembly, shown in FIGURE 10, and the same distances "b" and "c" of space are used on both the interior and exterior sides of the truck assembly. b "ele-space between at least a portion of the retainer surfaces 58, 60 of the cotter key and tab cié internal front surrounding side structure 54, 5 _ and the distance" c "of space between at least a part The retaining surfaces 58, 60 of the cotter key and flange of the interior rear surrounding side structure 55, 53 in the embodiment illustrated is shown in FIG. total or total separation, and is less than 1.01 cm. (Ü.a4 inches; and it is preferably less than 0.47cm (3/16 inch) and in the range of 0.23 to 0.27cm (3/32 and 1/32 of an inch;. The total distance " b "of the space between at least a portion of the retaining surfaces 106, 108 of the tab of the outer front surrounding side structure and of the keyway 100, 50 and the distance" c "of the space between at least a part of the surface 106. The latching element of the outer rear surrounding lateral structure tab and of the cross-member key 102, 51 in the illustrated embodiment is the general clearance or the total separation, and is less than 1.01 cm (0.64 inches) and is preferably less than 0.47cm (3/16 of an inch) and in the range of 0.23 to 0.27cm (3/32 and 1/32 of an inch) Both space distance totals , b plus c, that is to say both distances of general pounding or total separation distances, both on the interior 56 and exterior 57 sides of the structure 103 lat eral are the same in the first illustrated modality. It should be understood that the other side structure 105 of the trolley 107 may be the same construction as the side structure 103 described above, and that the two side structures 103, 105 may be assembled with a cross member 16 to form a trolley. of three pieces of the type shown in FIGURE 1, except for the additional tabs 100, 102 in both side structures and the reduced spaces 62, 104. The total space distances b plus c, i.e., the overall clearance distance or the total separation distance, in the other side structure and the other end 32 of the cross member 16 may also be the same both on the inside and on the inside. outer side. It should be understood that similar reference numerals have been used for similar parts in the truck assembly of FIG. 10, the prior art truck of FIGURE 5-4, for similar parts of the side and rear structures 10-; the side structures 12, 14 of the prior art., and for similar parts of the sleepers 16. With the tongues 100, 102 of the outer side structure -additional of the present invention, and with the narrow spacing between all the tabs 54, 55, 100, 102 of lateral structure and the opposite cotter pins 50, 51, 52, 53, the deformed angles should be substantially reduced. It may be possible, for example, to achieve deformed truck angles of at least 2 ° and preferably in the range of about 0.21"to 2 ° C, thereby reducing the potential for damage by deformation and wheel movement of the truck. it should be understood that many variations of the design illustrated in FIGS. 6-9 may be employed, and that the present invention includes these variations, Generally, at least a portion of the retainer surfaces 58, 60, 106, 108 of each sleeper key. surrounding and tab of lateral structure 50 and 100, 51 and 102, 52 and 54, and 53 and 55, are dimensioned, shaped and spaced apart so that at least one of the keys of the outer circumferential cross member and tongue of the lateral structure, such as the combination of key 50 and tongue 100 with the combination of key 51 and tab 102, and the adjacent diagonally opposite inner crossmember and the side structure tab, such as the combination of key 53 and tab 55 or the combination of key 52 and tab 54, respectively , limiting the rotation of the sleeper about a vertical axis 64, this way, the deformed angle of the trolley can be controlled, preferably being limited to an angle of approximately 2 ° or less and preferably in the range of approximately 0.2 to 2o. As shown in FIGS. 5-10, the front and rear outer cotter pins 50, 51 have outer boundaries 110 and the outer front and rear surrounding side frame tabs 100, 102 have outer boundaries 112. The front and rear front cotter keys 52, 53 have inner boundaries 114 and the tabs 54 and 55 of the surrounding interior rearward side frame have interior boundaries 116. As shown in FIGURE 10, in this embodiment, the position of the deformation reference, the distance "d" between the central axis 34 of the truck assembly and the outer limits 112 of the lateral structure tabs 100, 102 is by at least as large as the distance, between the center of the car assembly and the outer limits 110 of the outer cotter keys 50, 51. The distance "f" between the axle 34 The center of the truck assembly and the inner limits 116 of the inner side tabs 54, -55 are not greater than the distance "g" between the central axis 34 and the inner Limits 114 of the interior keyways 52, 53. The tabs of the surrounding side structures and the cotter pins on the other end 32 of the cross member are merely configured.Alternative forms may be used for the crosshead keys and the side structure tabs of the present invention. n, as those described for the highlight surfaces in the American Pacenté Application Serial Number 08 / 830,178 entitled "Improved Bolster Land Arrangement for Railcar Fruck", presented on May 2, 1997 by V. Terry Ilawthorne, Charles Moehling, Charles P. Spencer and Terry L. Pitchford. . Since it is also desirable that the wagon truck be capable of traversing the battle of different elevations, it will also be desirable to allow a greater range of possible relative rotation between the side structures and the sleeper around the horizontal axis 40 to be allowed around the axle 64. vertical, as described in the application for the North American Patent entitled "Side Frame-Bolster Interference for Railcar Truck Assembly", filed at the same time with the present by V. 'Perry Hawthorne and carrying the document number 6178, whose description is incorporated in the present by reference in its entirety. Any of the modalities described to that. Patent application can be applied as well as the tabs of the inner / outer side structure the sleeper keys to allow a greater range of rotation about the central longitudinal axis 40 of the sleeper than around the central vertical axis 64 of the sleeper. In fact, the lateral structure tongues or crossbeam keys or both can be configured so that the contact surfaces control the angle of deformation and the part controls the angle of movement. In this way one or both of the contact surfaces of each tab of the surrounding side structure and keyway may comprise a deformation control surface and a motion control surface. The space distances "b" and "c" between the deformation control surfaces each may be less than 0.23 cm. (3/23 centimeter) and in the preferred range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 inch) while the distance of space between the motion control surfaces may have greater distances. In this way, to a space of 0.03cm. (1/64 inch) between the deformation control surfaces, the opposing deformation control surfaces of the side structure tabs and crosshead keys may limit the deformed angle of the truck a. 12 '' or approximately 0.2 °, and spaces in a range of 0.03-O.llcm. (1 / 64-3 / 64 inch) can limit the deformed angles of the truck to the range of approximately 0.2oJ 'J, while the opposing movement control surfaces of the side frame tabs and sleeper keys allow for a range wider. Element angles Examples of such configurations are illustrated in FIGS. 11-14 but it should be understood that any configuration described in that patent application may be used in any of the tabs or side structure and sleeper keyways. It should also be understood that any of the configurations described in that application may be combined with any of the configurations described in the North American Patent Application Number. Series 08 / 850,178. As shown in FIGURE 11 of the present application, the side structures 203 may have inner side tabs 254, 255 and outer tabs 200, 202 and retainer surfaces 258, 206 which each include a deformation and control surface 150. a relief surface 271 for the control of movements. The cotter pins (not shown) can have retainer surfaces that are flat and vertical, so that the entire key retainer surface comprises a deformation control surface and t? A t >Movement of motion control, or the surfaces of the ether and the ambient surface. Control l- deforma? < n \ n uniente to those shown in 1- - TICUPAS - 1 ¿1'no is shown in the mode of t-IGUPd J _, l -structure 303 side of the tabs 354, 355 Tabs 300, 302 exteriors may have supeiic is 553, 306 of detent comprising curved surfaces. [untos mas - tenors 370 that anprencle i -uperf ci = s of l? < - Ontrol elecl-xLormation and the rest of the supe i ticies d-retention and undertake surfaces 371 of relief that sc cuivan ic > s of the central transverse 340 of the structure laterc 1 to allow the crossbar (not shown) to move within a certain range of angles. lr (shown in Fig. 1) for the invention, the sleeper 516 ptecle have chavete 555. isotherms and keyways 561 exterior with surfaces 5? 0, 508 for retention so each includes a surface > n J ce deformation control and a surface 57 of relie v> oara twenty - . 20 -1 movement control. The tabs; 00, 55 < - < (- the structure r v. lateral can tenc? superr. tes 55 ?, < ij ele L-ten that are flat and vertical, like in the fashion L i lad de FIGURES b-9, so that the entire surface 5C, 506 of retaining comprises a surface. 1 of The deformation, a control surface, or the retainer surfaces may also include both the deformation control surfaces and the relief surfaces as shown in FIGURE 12. In any of the embodiments of FIGS. 11-14, FIG. each pair of opposing deformation control surfaces can be separated by a distance of less than 0.23cm. (3/32 of an inch) and preferably in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 of an inch), with the relief surfaces spaced a greater distance apart to allow the cross member 516 or 616 to have a range of movement angles greater than the deformation angle. Limit the total separation or the general draft at a distance of less than l.Ocm. (0.4 inches) and preferably less than 0.23cm. (3/32 of an inch) and closer to 0.07cm. (1/32 inch) limits the deformed angle of the truck to an angle between approximately 0.2 ° and 2 ° while the greater space between the contact surface of the side structure and the movement or relief control surface of the sleeper keys may allow a maximum movement angle greater than, for example, 1.0 °, 2.0 °, 'or some other angle, depending on the depth of relief provided. As shown in the embodiment of FIGURE 14, the inner keys 653 and the outer keys 651 of the cross member 616 may have retainer surfaces 608, 660 that comprise curved surfaces with the outermost points 609, 661 comprising the control surfaces. of deformation and the rest of the detent surfaces comprising relief surfaces that are bent toward the longitudinal center line 640 of the cross-member to allow the cross-member 616 to move within a predetermined range of angles. In addition, as shown in the embodiment of FIGURE 17, the present invention can be used with side structures 403 and sleepers 416 of wide shoulder type. There were no side structure tabs on the wide shoulder side structures of the prior art. In the present invention, both the inner side structure tabs and the tab 454 and the outer side structure tabs such as the tab 400 can be used in conjunction with the cross member 416 having inner keys and outer keys as the inside key 452 and the key 450 outside the embodiment of FIGURE 17. In this embodiment, the space distance "b" and the space distance "c" (not shown) can once again be used to control or limit the angle of deformation. It should be understood that any of the above-described configurations of tabs and cotter pins may be used with the wide protruding side structure. The side structure and sleeper of the present invention can be made of cast steel with the additional outer tabs and the additional cast keys as parts of the side structure and the sleeper. To achieve the distances of spaces "b" and "c", it should be understood that the dimensions of the side structure tabs or sleeper keys or both can be adjusted to provide the desired spaces, with the tabs and keys being cast or machined to the desired dimensions. Alternatively, the side structures and the sleepers can be cast with the tabs and the keyways at a distance greater than the desired space distance and then modified to provide the desired space distances, or the side structures and the standard sleepers can be modified to provide the desired distances. space distances desired, providing separate plates- or other structures to be joined either to the side structures or sleepers or both thereof. Space reductions can be achieved through the addition of wear plates or the like to the tabs or keys so that the manufacturing tolerances of the side structures and sleepers can be greater. For these purposes, the wear plates may be made of a hardened material, for example, or may comprise a flexible material that compresses a predetermined amount. The wear plates or the flexible material can be configured, for example, as the wear members 700, 701, illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 16, with joining surfaces 702, 703 for joining the adjacent or opposite side structure or sleeper. to retainer surface 704, 705. As shown in FIGURE 16, the wear member 701 may be configured to provide a wear control surface 707 and relief surface 709. If a flexible material is used, the flexible material can be placed between the opposing contact surfaces of the side structure tabs and the cotter pin, in contact with both opposing retainer surfaces of each pair.; in such embodiment, the space distance "b" or "c" may comprise the thickness of the flexible material in the assembled truck assembly as shown in FIGURE 10. The means for attaching said wear plates or flexible material to the structure lateral or naughty should be understood as variable with the material used; A steel wear plate can be welded to the desired part of the side structure or sleeper, and any type of material can be joined by screws, nuts, rivets, adhesives, or any other desirable means. The use of structures such as those shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 can be advantageous in that it can be relatively easy to replace the structures if they wear out from use. It should be understood that other materials may also be used, and that the present invention is not limited to any particular material or method of manufacture.

While specific space distances and deformed truck angles have been set forth herein, it should be understood that distances and angles have been given for purposes of illustration only. The present invention is not limited to any particular space or angle of deformation distance unless expressly stated in some of the claims. It should also be understood that from the description in this application, once a desired range of deformed angles has been determined, the necessary space can be determined from the dimensions and geometry of the lateral and sleeper structures particularly used in the car truck assembly. In the various embodiments of the side structure tabs and the above mentioned sleeper keys, the above described portions and at least parts of the detent surfaces close to each other harden to a specific hardness. More specifically, in the embodiments of FIGS. 6 to 8 any of the retainer surfaces 106 or 108 can be flame hardened to a hardness of between about 375 BHN to 515 BHN at a depth below the retainer surface of about zero point thirty centimeters (twelve hundredths of an inch). The total length of the surface 108 of the illustrated cotter key and the side structure tab surface 106 is not required to be cured beyond the casting hardness, which is typically in the range of 137 BHN to 208 BHN, rather, those parts of the surface near one another in the assembly or that are very often in contact during the operation of the wagon assembly. This hardening of the proximal surfaces can be applied to all of the inner and outer side structure tab retainer surfaces 106 and the sleeper key retainer surface 108. In the embodiment of FIGURE 11, the outer tabs are shown with detent surfaces 258 and 206, including a deformation control surface 270 and relief surface 271 for motion control. In this embodiment, the deformation control surfaces 270 of the inner tabs 254, 255 and outer 200, 202 can be flame hardened to raise the hardness levels of these surfaces to a range of 375 BHN to 515 BHN of the typical casting range. from 137 BHN to 208 BHN. Although the motion control relief surfaces 271 can be hardened, hardening is not a requirement and reduced hardness levels provide a potentially greater bending strength and fatigue resistance. FIGURE 12 illustrates tabs 354, 355 with inner side structure and tabs 300, 302 of outer side structure having retainer surfaces 358, 306 with curved surfaces, whose curved surfaces have outer points 370 as deformation control surfaces and the rest of surfaces 358 and 306 are provided as relief surfaces. Again, it is only necessary to flame-harden the deformation control surfaces 370 to a range of 375 BHN to 515 BHN and preferably to a depth of approximately zero point thirty centimeters (twelve hundredths of an inch) to provide improved wear characteristics . Cross member 516 in the embodiment shown in FIGURE 13 has internal keys 553 and exterior keyways 561 with respective detent surfaces 560, 508, having deformation control surfaces 570 and relief surface 571. As mentioned above, the side structure tabs 500, 554 may have respective tongue retainer surfaces 558, 506 that are flat and vertical, so that the entire retainer surface 558, 506 provides both a deformation control surface and a movement control surface. Alternatively, the detent control surfaces may include both deformation control surfaces and relief surfaces, as shown in FIGURE 12. In the embodiment of FIGURE 14, the internal keys 653 and the exterior keys 651 of the cross member 616 are illustrated with curved detent surfaces 608, 660. The deformation control surfaces for retainer surfaces 608, 660 have respective outermost points 609, 661 with the balance of detent surfaces that can operate as relief surfaces. In this embodiment, the curved detent surfaces at points 609, 661 can be hardened to the preferred hardness range of 375 BHN to 515 BHN, the hardness of which can be extended within the keyways 653 and 651 of the sleeper to a depth of approximately zero point thirty. centimeters (twelve hundredths of an inch). Again, it is not required to harden all retaining surfaces 608 and 660 of curved curved surfaces. In a preferred condition, the midpoint of the vertical height of the retainer surface 608 and 660 can be considered, and the points 609, 661 can preferably be hardened about one sixth of the vertical height of either side of the mid point. This range of coverage is generally characterized in FIGURE 14 by the position of the outermost point 661 and its associated entry line directed to the approximate vertical midpoint and the shaded lines on the surface 660 provided on both sides of the midpoint as an illustration of the range of surface that is going to harden. It should be noted that this is simply an illustration and not a limitation. The embodiment of FIGURE 17 illustrates an improvement of the lateral structure structure and wide projection and incorporates both the tabs 454 of inner side structure and the tabs 400 of outer side structure. The tabs 454 and 400 of the side structure, as well as the inside sleeves 452 and the outer keyways 450 can be hardened to the desired hardness range from 375 BHN to 515 BHN at their outermost or contact points. In FIGURES 15 and 16 as described above, the wear plates or the flexible material can be configured as wear members 700 and 701 with joining surfaces 702 and 703 to join the respective side structure and sleeper adjacent surface 704, 705 of opposing detectors. At least the central region or an approximate central third of the detent surface 705, or the wear control surface 707 in FIGURE 16, would once again be provided with the increased hardness element or may be hardened by the hardening techniques. which will be mentioned later. Likewise, the retainer surface 104 can be cured in an anticipated contact area by the adhesion of a wear plate, a wear plate insert or by the hardening techniques that will be mentioned later. The alternative embodiments mentioned above have indicated that the specific contact surface can be hardened, however, it has been recognized that both the crossbeam key retainer surface and the side frame tongue retainer surface can be hardened to extend their indexes. of respective wear. The desire to harden the entire length of the key or the tabs may depend on the area of contact between the surfaces confronted by the respective components. It is desirable to harden only the localized region but it is recognized that the entire retainer surface of the respective tabs or keys can be cured. Furthermore, although it has been mentioned that a flame hardening technique can be used, it is recognized that the contact points of the retainer surface, or the entire length of the retainer surface can be hardened by alternative means such as induction hardening or by a hard coating process such as flame-spray. The last condition must accommodate any dimensional change of an accumulation material. While only the specific embodiments of the invention have been described and shown, it will be apparent that several modifications and alterations can be made to them. Therefore, it is the intent of the appended claims to cover all modifications and alterations insofar as they may fall within the scope and spirit of the invention. In addition, the invention is intended to include equivalent structures as well as structural equivalents for those described herein.

Claims (34)

1. CLAIMS 1. A three-piece wagon assembly characterized in that it comprises a cross member and a pair of side structures, the three-piece wagon assembly has a longitudinal axis and a perpendicular transverse axis; Each side structure has a longitudinal axis, a front column and a rear column, each rear column includes an inner front column core, an outer front column core and a transverse front column core between the inner front column core and the core of outer front column, each rear column includes an inner rear column core, an outer rear column core, and a transverse rear column core between the inner rear column core and the outer rear column core, each rear column and Lateral column of lateral structure cooperates to define an opening in the lateral structure between the transverse front column core and the transverse rear column core, each lateral structure furthermore includes an inner front tongue in the inner front column core, an inner rear tongue in the inner rear column core, an outer front tongue in the core of outer front column, and an outer rear column tab on the outer rear column core, each lateral structure tab has a retainer surface; the cross member has a first end, a second end, a front side and a rear side, a front inner cross key and a front outer cross key on the front side of the cross member at each first and second cross member end and a key of rear interior sleeper and a rear exterior sleeper key on the rear cross-member side at each first and second cross-member end, each of the cross-member ends can be coupled with the opening in each side structure defined by the structure columns At the front and rear side, the front inner and outer cross-member keys at each cross-member end cooperate to define a clearance between the front and outer front cross-member keys greater than the width of the front cross-section web of the lateral structure receiving the cross-member. end of the crossbeam, the inside and outside rear sleeper keys on each end of the crossbar cooperate for A clearance between the inner and outer rear sleeper keys greater than the width of the web of the rear transverse column of the side structure receiving the sleeper end, the inner and outer sleeper keys, both front and rear each have a surface of catch; a tongue of front side structure inner jjg ^ and an inner leading cross key on one end of the cross-member defining a cross-tongue and tongue key of inner front surrounding side structure; - a tongue of inner rear side structure and a key of inner rear crossbeam at one end of the crossbeam define a key of cotter and tongue of lateral surrounding interior rear structure; a tongue of outer front side structure and an outer front sleeper key on one end of the cross member define a tongue and tongue key of outer facing outer side structure; an outer rear side frame tab and an outer rear cross key on one end of the cross member define a tongue and tongue key of outer rear surrounding side structure; at least part of the retaining surface of each cotter pin and tongue of surrounding side structure are in a confronted relationship and close to one another; the total of the distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the sleeper key and the inner front surrounding side structure tab on one end of the sleeper and the distance between * ¿ß * ^^^^ at least a portion of the retaining surfaces of the cotter key and tab of the interior rearward surrounding structure at the same end of the sleeper being less than 0.47cm (3.16cm). inch); the total distance between at least a portion of the retaining surfaces of the tie-bar key and the outer front surrounding side frame on one end of the tie and the distance between at least a portion of the tie-off surfaces of the navel key and tab of the outer rear surround structure on one end of the cross member is less than 0.47cm. (3/16 inch). The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the total distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the sleeper key and the tabs of the surrounding inner front side structure at one end of the crossbeam and at the distance between at least a part of the retainer surfaces of the crossbeam key and the tongue of the inner rear surrounding lateral structure at the same end of the crossbeam is between 0.47 and 0.07cm. (3/16 of an inch and 1/32 of an inch); and the total distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the sleeper key and The tongue of the outer front surrounding side structure is at one end of the cross member and the distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the cross tongue and side structure tongue key. Surrounding outer rear at the same end of the sleeper are between 0.47 and 0.07cm. (3/16 of an inch and 1/32 of an inch). The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that each traverse key has a longitudinal boundary surface substantially perpendicular to the traverse key retainer surface and spaced apart from and in alignment against a traverse. of the inner and outer column spindles of lateral structure column. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the sleeper key and tongue of the inner front surrounding side structure is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 inch). The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the sleeper key and the tongue of the rear interior surrounding side structure is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 inch). 6. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between at least a part of the retainer surfaces of the trailing key and tongue of the front outer surrounding lateral structure is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm (3 / 64-1 / 64 inch). The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a part of the distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the sleeper key and the structure tab Surrounding rear interior is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 inch). The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that the distance between at least a part of the retainer surfaces of the sleeper key and the inner front surrounding side frame tab is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 inch), the distance between. at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the sleeper key and tongue of the inner rear surrounding side structure is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 of an inch) and the distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the sleeper key and tongue of the outer outer surrounding side structure is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 inch). • 9. A three-piece wagon assembly characterized by comprising a crossbar and a pair of side structures, the three-piece wagon assembly has a longitudinal axis and a perpendicular transverse axis; Each side structure has a longitudinal axis, a front column and a rear column, each rear column includes an inner front column core, an outer front column core and a transverse front column core between the inner front column core and the core of outer front column, each rear column includes an inner rear column core, an outer rear column core, and a transverse rear column core between the inner rear column core and the outer rear column core, each column rear and column The lateral structure front cooperates to define an opening in the lateral structure between the transverse front column core and the transverse rear column core, each lateral structure further includes an inner front tab on the inner front column core, an inner rear tab on the the soul of inner rear column, an outer front tongue on the core of c outer front column, and an outer rear column tab on the outer rear column core, each lateral structure tab has a retainer surface; the crosshead has a first end, a second end, a front side and a rear side, each of the ends of the crossbar can be coupled with the opening in each structure defined by the front and rear columns, the crossbar also includes a key of front interior cross member and a front outer cross key on the front side of the cross member at each of the first and second ends of the cross member and a rear inner cross member key and a rear outer cross member key on the rear side of the cross member. at each of the first and second cross-member ends, the front and outer cross-member keys at each cross-member end cooperate to define a clearance between the inner and outer cross-member keys greater than the width of the front cross-section core of the lateral structure that receives the end of the sleeper, the inner and outer rear sleeper keys on each end of the sleeper cooperate to define the clearance between the inner and outer sleeper keys greater than the width of the rear transverse column web of the side frame that receives the end of the sleeper, the outer and inner rear and front sleeper keys each have a retainer surface; the crossbeam has a longitudinal axis of crossbeam corresponding to the transverse axis of the wagon assembly and generally normal to the longitudinal axis of the wagon assembly and the longitudinal axes of the lateral structures in a deformation reference position; the angular displacement of the longitudinal axis of the sleeper of the respective deformation reference position defines a deformed angle of the truck; an inner front side structure tab and an inner forward cross key on one end of the cross member define a side structure tab and an inner forward facing cross key; a tongue of inner rear side structure and an inner rear sleeper key on the same end of the cross member define a tongue of lateral structure and a key of inner rear surrounding sleeper; an outer front side frame tab and an outer front cross key on the same end of the cross member define a lateral structure tab and an outer front outer cross bar key; • an outer rear side structure tab and an exterior rear cross key on the same end of the crossbar define a side structure tab and key of the outer rear surrounding side structure; at least part of the retaining surfaces of each lateral structure tongue and surrounding sleeper key lie in a confronted relation and close to one another; the side structure tongue and the inner forward facing sleeper key and the side frame tongue and the outer rear surrounding sleeper key are diagonally opposite; the side structure tab and the inner rearward crossover key and the side structure tab and the outer front crosstie key are diagonally opposite; wherein at least a portion of the detent surfaces of each lateral structure tab and surrounding cross-member key are dimensioned, shaped and spaced apart so that at least one of the side structure tabs and outer surrounding cross key and the Side structure tongue and diagonally opposite inner cross key at the same end of the cross member limit the rotation of the cross member about a vertical axis to control the deformed angle of the truck. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that both the outer circumferential sleeper keys and the structure tabs at one end of the sleeper and the side structure tab and the sleeper key The inner diagonally opposite interior at the same end of the cross member limits the rotation of the cross-member about a vertical axis' to control the deformed angle of the truck. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that the deformed angle of the truck is limited to an angle of about 2o or less. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that the deformed angle of the truck is limited to an angle in the range of about 0.2 ° - 2 °. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 1 and characterized in that the total distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the sleeper key and the tabs of the surrounding inner front side structure at one end of the cross member and at the distance between at least a part of the retainer surfaces of the cross-member key and the inner rearward surrounding lateral structure tab at the same end of the cross-member is less than 0.23cm (3 / 32 inch) and; the total distance between at least a portion of the retaining surfaces of the tie-bar key and the outer front surrounding side frame at one end of the tie and the distance between at least a portion of the tie-off surfaces The sleeper key and tongue of the outer rear surrounding side structure at the same end of the cross member is less than 0.23cm (3/32 inch). 14. A three-piece wagon assembly characterized in that it comprises a cross member and a pair of side structures, the three-piece wagon assembly has a longitudinal axis and a perpendicular transverse axis; Each side structure has a longitudinal axis, a front column and a rear column, each rear column includes an inner front column core, an outer front column core and a transverse front column core between the inner front column core and the core of outer front column, each rear column includes an inner rear column core, an outer rear column core, and a transverse rear column core between the inner rear column core and the outer rear column core, each column rear and column The lateral structure front cooperates to define an opening in the lateral structure between the transverse front column core and the transverse rear column core, each lateral structure further includes an inner front tab on the inner front column core, an inner rear tab on the the soul of inner rear column, an outer front tongue on the core of c outer front column, and an outer rear column tab on the outer rear column core, each lateral structure tab has a retainer surface; the crosshead has a first end, a second end, a front side and a rear side, each of the ends of the crossbar can be coupled with the opening in each structure defined by the front and rear columns, the crossbar also includes a key of front interior cross member and a front outer cross key on the front side of the cross member at each of the first and second ends of the cross member 'and a rear inner cross member key and a rear external cross member key on the rear side of the cross member. at each of the first and second cross-member ends, the forward-side keys of the cross-member cooperate to define a clearance between the inner and outer cross-member keys greater than the width of the front transverse column core of the lateral structure that receives the end of the sleeper, the keys on the rear side of the sleeper cooperate to define the clearance between the sleeper keys i outer and outer greater than the width of the rear transverse column web of the lateral structure receiving the end of the cross-member, the outer and inner rear and front cross-member keys each have a retainer surface; the cross member has a longitudinal cross-member axis corresponding to the transverse axis of the wagon assembly and generally normal to the longitudinal axis of the truck assembly and the longitudinal axes of the structures in a deformation reference position; the angular displacement of the longitudinal axis of the sleeper of the respective deformation reference position defines a deformed angle of the wagon car; an inner front side structure tab and an inner forward cross key on one end of the cross member define a side structure tab and an inner forward facing cross key; . a tongue of interior rear side structure and a key of interior rear crossbeam at the same end of the crossbar define a tongue of lateral structure and a key of the inside rear interior crossbar; an outer front side frame tab and an outer front cross key on the same end of the cross member define a lateral structure tab and an outer front outer cross bar key; an outer rear side frame tab and an outer rear cross key on the same end of the cross member define a tab of lateral structure and key of outer rear surrounding side structure; at least part of the retaining surfaces of each lateral structure tongue and surrounding sleeper key lie in a confronted relation and close to one another; the side structure tab and the inner front surrounding sleeper key and the side structure tongue and the outer rear surrounding sleeper key are diagonally opposite; the lateral structure tab and the inner rear surrounding sleeper key and the side structure tongue and the outer front surrounding sleeper key are diagonally opposite; wherein the outer front sleeper key and the outer rear sleeper key at one end of the tie and the outer outer facing side frame tab and the surrounding outer rear side frame tab have outer limits, wherein the distances between the line longitudinal center of the wagon assembly and the outer limits of the side structure tabs are at least as large as the distances between the longitudinal center line of the wagon assembly and the outer sleeper keys in the reference position of deformation; wherein the inner front sleeper key and the inner rear sleeper key on one end of the cross member and the surrounding inner front side structure tabs and the tabs of surrounding inner rear side structure have inner boundaries, and wherein the distances between The longitudinal center line of the wagon assembly and the inner limits of the side structure tabs are not greater than the distances between the longitudinal center line of the wagon assembly and the inner limits of the inner sleeper keys in the position of deformation reference. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 14, characterized in that the total distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the sleeper key and the tabs of the surrounding inner front side structure at one end of the crossbeam and at the distance between at least a part of the retainer surfaces of the crossbeam key and the inner rearward surrounding side structure tab at the same end of the crossbeam is less than 0.03cm. (3/32 of an inch); and the total distance between at least a portion of the detent surfaces of the cross-member key and outer outer surrounding side structure tab is at one end of the cross-member and the distance between at least a portion of the cross-sectional surfaces of the cross-member. Retainer of the sleeper key and tongue of outer rear surrounding side structure at the same end of the sleeper is less than 0.03cm. (3/32 of an inch). 16. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 15, characterized in that the distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the trailing key and tongue of the outer rear surrounding lateral structure is at the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 of an inch), the distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the sleeper key and the rear outer surrounding side structure tab is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 of an inch) and the distance between at least one of the detent surfaces of the cross-tab key and the outer front surrounding lateral structure tab is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 inch), and the distance between at least part of the detent surfaces of the outer front side frame tab and the cross key is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 inch). 17. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 14, characterized in that at least a portion of the retainer surfaces of each surrounding sleeper key and tongue of surrounding lateral structure are dimensioned, shaped and separated so that one of the outer circumferential sleeper keys and the side structure tabs and the diagonally opposite inner diagonal crossing sleeves and the side structure tabs limit the rotation of the crosspiece about a vertical axis to control the deformed angle of the truck. 18. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 17, characterized in that the deformed angle of the wagon is limited to an angle in the range of about 0.2 ° -2 °. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 18, characterized in that the distance between at least a portion of the retainer surfaces of the trailing key and tongue of the outer rear surrounding lateral structure is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 of an inch), the distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the sleeper key and the inner front surrounding side structure tab is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 of an inch), the distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the sleeper key and the inner rear surrounding side structure tab is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 of an inch), and the distance between at least a portion of the retaining surfaces of the trailing key and tab of the outer rear surrounding side structure is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 inch). 20. A three-piece wagon assembly characterized in that it comprises a cross member and a pair of side structures, the three-piece wagon assembly has a longitudinal axis and a perpendicular transverse axis; Each side structure has a longitudinal axis, a front column and a rear column, each rear column includes an inner front column core, an outer front column core and a transverse front column core between the inner front column core and the core of outer front column, each rear column includes an inner rear column core, an outer rear column core, and a transverse rear column core between the inner rear column core and the outer rear column core, each rear column and lateral structure front column cooperates to define an opening in the lateral structure between the transverse front column core and the transverse rear column core, each lateral structure further includes an inner front tongue on the inner front column core, a rear tongue interior in the inner rear column core, an outer front tongue in the core of outer front column, and an outer rear column tab on the outer rear column core, each lateral structure tab has a retainer surface; the cross member has a first end, a second end, a front side and a rear side, a front inner cross key and a front outer cross key on the front side of the cross member at each first and second cross member end and a key of rear interior sleeper and a rear exterior sleeper key on the rear side of sleeper at each first and second end of sleeper, each of the sleeper ends can be coupled with the opening in each side structure defined by the front and rear side structure columns, the front inner and outer sleeper keys on each tie end cooperate to define a clearance between the cotter pins Forward inner and outer crossbeams greater than the width of the front transverse column web of the lateral structure receiving the end of the crossbeam, the inner and outer rear crossbeam keys on each crossbeam end cooperate to define a clearance between the keyways of inner and outer rear sleepers greater than the width of the rear transverse column web of the side structure receiving the sleeper end, the inner and outer front and rear sleeper keys each have a retainer surface; an inner front side structure tab and an inner forward cross key on one end of the cross member defining a tongue and tongue key of inner front surrounding side structure; an inner rear side structure tab and an inner rear cross key on one end of the cross member define a tongue and tongue key of inner rear surrounding side structure; a tongue of outer front side structure and an outer front sleeper key on one end of the cross member define a tongue and tongue key of outer facing outer side structure; an outer rear side frame tab and an outer rear cross key on one end of the cross member define a tongue and tongue key of outer rear surrounding side structure; at least part of the retaining surface of each cotter pin and tongue of surrounding side structure are in a confronted relationship and close to one another; the total distance between at least a portion of the retaining surfaces of the cross-member key and the inner front surrounding side structure tab on one end of the cross-member and the distance between at least a portion of the retaining surfaces of the naughty key and tab of the interior rear surround structure at the same end of the crossbeam being less than 0.47cm (3.16 inch); and the total distance between at least a portion of the detent surfaces of the tie-bar key and the outer front surrounding side frame at one end of the tie and the distance between at least a part of the detent surfaces. of the naughty key and tongue of the outer rear surrounding lateral structure at one end of the crosspiece is less than 0.47cm. (3/16 of an inch); the sleeper key and the lateral structure tabs have a cast hardness; at least one of the side structure tongue and tab keys of each side structure tab and surrounding outer and inner cross key on each first and second cross member end are flame hardened to increase the hardness of the retainer surface of the cross member. at least one tongue and tongue key of lateral structure to increase a wear index of the retainer surface. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 20, characterized in that the sleeper keys and the side structure tabs have a cast hardness, at least one key hardened by flame and hardened trailing key surfaces. at a hardness range between approximately 375 BHN and 515 BHN at a depth of approximately zero point thirty centimeters (twelve hundredths of an inch) below the detent surfaces. 22. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 20, characterized in that the traverser keys and the side structure tabs have a cast hardness between approximately 137 BHN and 208 BHN, at least one key hardened by flame. and crosstie retainer surfaces hardened to a range between about 375 BHN and 515 BHN to reduce the rate of wear on at least one surface of the contact with the other crosstie key and side structure tab retainer surface. 23. The three-piece car wagon assembly of. according to claim 20, characterized in that the distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the sleeper key and tabs of the outer outer surrounding side structure is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 of an inch); the distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the cross-tab key and the inner rear surrounding side structure tab is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 of an inch), and the distance between at least a portion of the retainer surfaces of the cross-bar key and outer front surrounding side structure tab is in the range of 0.11- 0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 inch); the sleeper keys and the lateral structure tabs have a cast hardness between approximately 137 BHN and 208 BHN; at least a portion of the detent surfaces of at least one of the cross-tie and tabbed keys of side structure near the other cotter pin and tabs, of side structure are in the range of 0.11 to 0.03cm. (3/64 to 1/64 of an inch) being hardened by flame at a hardness range of between about 375 BHN and 515 BHN. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 23, characterized in that the traverser keys and the lateral structure tabs have a cast hardness between approximately 137 BHN and 208 BHN; the flame-hardened detent surfaces harden at a hardness range of between 375 BHN and 515 BHN at a depth of approximately zero point thirty centimeters (twelve hundredths of an inch) below the detent surfaces so that 'at least one of the sleeper and tongue keys of the side structure are close to the other side sleeper key and tongue in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 inch). 25. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 20, characterized in that the distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the cross-tie key and the outer front surrounding lateral structure tab is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 of an inch); the distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the cross-tab key and the inner rear surrounding side structure tab is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 of an inch) and the distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the cross-tongue key and the outer front surrounding lateral structure tab is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 of an inch); the sleeper keys and the side tongue structures have a cast hardness of between about 137 BHN and 208 BHN; at least a part of the detent surfaces of at least one of the cross-tie sleeper and tongue keys of the side structure near the other side structure tab and sleeper key is in the range of 0.11-0.03cm. (3 / 64-1 / 64 inch) being hardened by flame at a hardness range of between about 375 BHN and 515 BHN; and further comprising flame-curing the other cross-member keys and side structure tabs at least in part of the detent surfaces to provide the detent surfaces with a hardness between about 375 BHN and 515 BHN. 26. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 21, characterized in that the traverser keys and the side structure tabs have a cast hardness, at least one key hardened by flame and the trailing key surfaces. they are hardened in a range of hardness between about 375 BHN and 515 BHN to a depth of between about zero point thirty centimeters (twelve hundredths of an inch) below the detent surfaces; it further comprises flame-hardening the cotter pins and side structure tabs on at least a portion of the detent surfaces to provide the detent surfaces with a hardness between about 375 BHN and 515 BHN. 27. A three-piece wagon assembly characterized in that it comprises a cross member and a pair of side structures, the three-piece wagon assembly has a longitudinal axis and a perpendicular transverse axis; Each side structure has a longitudinal axis, a front column and a rear column, each rear column includes an inner front column core, an outer front column core and a transverse front column core between the inner front column core and the core of outer front column, each rear column includes an inner rear column core, an outer rear column core, and a transverse rear column core between the inner rear column core and the outer rear column core, each column rear and column front side structure cooperates to define an opening in the lateral structure between the transverse front column core and the transverse rear column core, each side structure further includes an inner front tab on the inner front column core, an inner rear tab in the inner rear column core, an outer front tongue in the core of outer front column, and an outer rear column tab on the outer rear column core, each lateral structure tab has a retainer surface; the cross member has a first end, a second end, a front side and a rear side, a front inner cross key and a front outer cross key on the front side of the cross member at each first and second cross member end and a key of rear interior crossbeam and a rear outer crossbeam key on the rear crossbeam side at each first and second crossbeam end, each of the crossbeam ends can be coupled with the opening in each side structure defined by the side frame columns Forward and rearward, the front and inner forward crossbeam keys on each crosshead end cooperate to define a clearance between the front and outer front crossbeam keys greater than the width of the front crosshead core of the side frame receiving the end of the sleeper, the inner and outer rear cross-member keys at each cross-member end cooperate to define a clearance between the rear inner and outer cross-member keys greater than the width of the rear cross-section core of the side structure receiving the cross-member end, the inside and outside sleeper keys front and rear each have a retainer surface; an inner front side structure tab and an inner forward cross key on one end of the cross member defining a tongue and tongue key of inner front surrounding side structure; an inner rear side structure tab and an inner rear cross key on one end of the cross member define a tongue and tongue key of inner rear surrounding side structure; a tongue of outer front side structure and an outer front sleeper key on one end of the cross member define a tongue and tongue key of outer facing outer side structure; an outer rear side frame tab and an outer rear cross key on one end of the cross member define a tongue and tongue key of outer rear surrounding side structure; at least part of the retaining surface of each cotter pin and tongue of surrounding side structure are in a relationship, confronted and close to each other; the total distance between at least a portion of the retaining surfaces of the cross-member key and the inner front surrounding side structure tab on one end of the cross-member and the distance between at least a portion of the retaining surfaces of the naughty key and tab of the interior rear surround structure at the same end of the crossbeam being less than 0.47cm (3.16 inch); and • the total distance between at least a portion of the retainer surfaces of the tie-bar key and the outer front surrounding side frame tab on one end of the tie and the distance between at least a portion of the tie surfaces. Retainer of the sleeper key and tongue of outer rear surrounding side structure at one end of the cross member is less than 0.47cm. (3/16 of an inch); the sleeper keys and the lateral structure tabs have a cast hardness, at least one of the cross-member keys and the side structure tab of each side frame tongue and surrounding outer and inner cross key on each first and second cross member end are hardened to increase the hardness of the retaining surface of the cross member. at least one cotter tongue and tab of side structure to increase a wear index of the retainer surface. 28. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 27, characterized in that the traverser keys and. the side structure tongues have a cast hardness, at least one key is hardened and a cross member retaining surface is hardened to a range between about 375 BHN and 515 BHN at a depth of about zero point thirty centimeters (twelve hundredths of inch) below the retainer surface. 29. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 27, characterized in that the traverser keys and the lateral structure tabs have a cast hardness between approximately 137 BHN and 208 BHN, at least one key is hardened and A crosshead retainer surface is hardened to a hardness range of between about 375 BHN and 515 BHN to reduce the Wear Index on at least one contact surface with the other crosshead key and side structure tongue retainer surface . 30. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 26, characterized in that the distance between at least a part of the detent surface of the trailing key and tongue of the outer outer surrounding side structure is at the range from 0.11 to 0.03cm. (3/64 to 1/64 of an inch); the sleeper keys and the side structure tabs have a cast hardness between approximately 137 BHN and 208 BHN, at least a portion of the retainer surfaces of at least one cotter pin and lateral structure tab close to each other Naughty and tongue key. Side structure is in the range of 0.11 to 0.03cm. (3/64 to 1/64 of an inch) hardened to a hardness range of between approximately 375 BHN and 515 BHN. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 30, characterized in that the sleeper keys and the side structure tabs have a cast hardness between approximately 137 BHN and 208 BHN, the hardened retainer surfaces harden to a hardness range of between approximately 375 BHN and 515 BHN at a depth of approximately zero point thirty ..i - *. ,, centimeters (twelve hundredths of an inch) below the detent surface for at least one crossbeam key and lateral structure tabs near the other crossbeam key and lateral structure tab in the range of 0.11 to 0.03cm. (3/64 to 1/64 of an inch). 32. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 26, characterized in that the distance between at least a portion of the retainer surfaces of the trailing key and outer outer surrounding side frame tab is in the range from 0.11 to 0.03cm. (3/64 to 1/64 of an inch); the distance between at least a part of the retaining surfaces of the cross-tab key and the inner rear surrounding lateral structure tab is in the range of 0.11 to 0.03cm. (3/64 to 1/64 of an inch), and the distance between at least a portion of the retaining surfaces of the cross-tie key and the outer front surrounding lateral structure tab is in the range of 0.11 to 0.03cm. (3/64 to 1/64 of an inch), the cross-member keys and the side structure tabs have a cast hardness between approximately 137 BHN and 208 BHN, - at least a part of the retaining surfaces of at least one of the sleeper and tongue keys of side structure near the other cotter key and lateral structure tab is in the range of 0.11 to 0.03cm. (3/64 to 1/64 of an inch) hardened to a hardness range of between approximately 375 BHN and 515 BHN, and further comprises hardening the other sleeper keys and tabs of side structure on at least a portion of the retainer surface to provide the retainer surface with a hardness between about 375. BHN and 515 BHN. 33. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 27, characterized in that the trailing key and the side structure tabs have a cast hardness, at least one hardened key and a trailing stop surface is hardened at a hardness range between about 375 BHN and 515 BHN at a depth of about zero point one hundred centimeters (twelve hundredths of an inch) below the detent surface, and further comprising hardening the other sleeper key and the side structure tabs by at least on a portion of the retainer surfaces to provide the detent surfaces with a hardness between about 375 BHN and 515 BHN. The three-piece wagon assembly according to claim 27, characterized in that the sleeper keys and the structure tabs ¿^^ ¡- -x * ^ *. * »* -. have a cast hardness between approximately 137 BHN and 208 BHN, at least one hardened key and crosshead retainer surface are hardened to a hardness range of between approximately 375 BHN and 515 BHN to reduce wear rate in at least a contact surface with another sleeper key and the side structure tongue retainer surface, the retainer surface hardened by flame hardening, induction hardening and hard coating. i? - i. * *. *