MXPA00008368A - Wall exposed to wear, wear-resistant lining element and fastening means therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

A wall exposed to wear has a wear lining which is made of a number of juxtaposed wear lining elements (11) of an elastomeric material, optionally in combination with another wear-resistant material. The wear lining elements are secured to their supporting surface (10) with the aid of fastening means comprising washers (20). Two opposite narrow faces (12) of the wear lining elements have V-shaped recesses (13). These are open towards this narrow face (12). The washers of the fastening means have V-shaped projections (21), the V legs of which are inserted into and abut against the bottom wall (16) of the recesses (13) or into shoulders formed in the recesses, after fastening the elements. The invention also concerns wear lining elements and fastening means with washers of this design.

Description

WALL EXPOSED TO WEAR. ELEMENT OF RESISTANT COATING FOR USE, AND MEANS OF FIXING FOR THE SAME DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY The present invention relates to a wall-resistant coating which, when applied, is exposed to wear. This type of walls are used, for example, in receptacles or ore pouches, platform trucks, ramps or vertical moldboards, cargo trays and extraction drums that are used in the work of natural rocks and in the mining industry. In most cases, these walls have a wear resistant coating to increase their resistance to wear due to impact or shock. Many types of coatings are described in the literature references. In the patent SE-B-305,999, a coating used for extraction drums and including several channels or sheets of sheet metal and, among them, several lifting levers is described. Sheet metal shingles and lifting levers are made of an elastomeric and wear resistant material, commonly of rubber or polyurethane resistant to use. Commonly, the lifting levers have metal sheets on their side facing the support surface, and these sheets are fixed to them by vulcanization or are glued, and that once assembled they join with metal strips that are fixed by vulcanization or they are glued on the underside of the sheet metal tiles and protrude from them. The lifting levers are secured to the metal strips protruding from the sheet metal shingles by fastening bolts that pass through the metal sheets of the frame of the extraction drum. This same structure is also used in other walls exposed to wear. The patent SE-B-347,664 describes another technique for fixing a wear-resistant coating that includes tiles or plates of an elastomeric material, which have a plate fixed by vulcanization on its underside. In this case, the fixing operation is carried out by means of steel nails which penetrate from outside the extraction drum through an adapter of elastomeric material, which in turn is inserted into a hole in the wall of the extraction drum. Likewise, a similar technique is used to fix tiles resistant to use from inside the space in which the material that causes the wear moves along the wall or hits it. The patent SE-B-335,839 is an example of this technique, in which the anchoring is carried out by nails. Patent No. SE-B-382,009 describes another example of fixing the use-resistant coating tiles that have a metal plate fixed to its lower face by vulcanization. In this case, fastening means placed on the edge of the cladding plates or on the joint or joint between two cladding elements in juxtaposition are used. The fastening components have one or more cutting edges or lips that, when tightening the fastening components, cut through the elastomeric material until reaching the metal plate fixed by vulcanization, so that it is pushed firmly and non-elasticly against the support surface. In one embodiment, the fixing component is a U-shaped metal plate, whose legs are configured as edges and whose network has holes with exit that house a fixing bolt. In another embodiment, the fastening component is a threaded pin that has at one end with a cutting edge or cutting lip mounted. All these prior art structures work satisfactorily but have disadvantages, because they must use a plate fixed to the underside of the wear-resistant coating element by vulcanization or bonding to ensure anchoring and to also reduce the risk of Coating plates move towards and away from the support surface ("flutter"). It is desirable to avoid these movements to reduce the risk of particles of material coming into contact with the wear resistant coating penetrating the joints or joints between the facing plates. This penetration could damage the coating. U.S. Patent No. A-3, 942,239 discloses a wear-resistant coating structure that does not require metal plates fixed by vulcanization or glued to achieve a reliable fixation of the plates to their support surface and prevent flapping. In this case, the wear-resistant liner plate made of a wear-resistant elastomeric material has a large number of outlet holes which in turn have a circumferential skirt or projection projecting inwardly close to the underside of the license plate. Threaded pins extend to these holes on the support surface. Then, a washer and nut are used to secure the lining plate to the support surface. If the fixing is carried out on the edge of the wear-resistant coating plate, this plate will include a protruding skirt against which a metal strip is pushed. This metal strip extends the entire length of the lining plate to stabilize it and prevent it from moving towards or away from its support surface, and also to prevent some material from penetrating under the lining plate. The stabilization in the central parts of the plates of resistant coating to the use is reached when distributing the holes and fixing bolts of the plates of coating on all the surface of these plates. When this type of wear resistant coating is used on a wall with large surfaces, a large amount of fixing bolts is required. Therefore, this structure is expensive and requires important assembly work. If metal strips are not used along the end or front faces of the cladding plates, some material may penetrate into the space between two cladding plates arranged with their respective spliced front faces. The material could then continue to advance below the plate of elastomeric material and separate this material from its support surface, giving the plates a conical appearance. This in turn implies that the plates wear out more quickly and that additional amounts of material can penetrate under these plates more easily. An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a new type of wall that resists wear and abrasion caused by abrasive materials. Another object of this invention is to provide use-resistant coating elements and fixing means to form this use-resistant wall. A further object of this invention is to eliminate completely or at least in part the drawbacks of prior art structures, in particular the aforementioned "flutter" and the penetration of materials between the facing elements and the supporting surface. In accordance with the invention, these and other objects are achieved by means of a wall, a use-resistant coating element and fixing means of the types defined in the independent claims 1, 5 and 8 respectively. The dependent claims define, for their part, the preferred embodiments of the invention. In summary, the invention relates to a wall exposed to wear. The wall has a wear-resistant coating, formed by a series of coating elements resistant to use in juxtaposition, made of an elastomeric material, optionally in combination with another material resistant to use. The wear-resistant coating elements are fixed to their support surface with fixing means including washers. Two opposite edges of the cladding elements have V-shaped housings that open in the direction of the edge. The washers of the fixing means have V-shaped projections, whose V-shaped legs are inserted inwards and in contact against the bottom of the housings or ridges formed in these housings, once the elements have been fixed. The invention also relates to wear-resistant coating elements and fastening means with washers in accordance with this design. Some examples of the invention will be described in more detail below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a top plan view of an example of a wall according to the invention exposed to wear, Figure 2 is a top plan view of a wear-resistant coating element included in this wall, Figure 3 is a front view of the wear-resistant coating element of Figure 2, Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along the line IV-IV of figure 2, figure 5 is a cross-sectional view along the line VV of figure 2, figure 6 is a top plan view of an example of a fixing means according to the invention, figure 7 is a top plan view of another example of fixing means in accordance with the invention, figure 8 shows a part of the fixing means of figure 7, figure 9 shows another part of the fixing means of figure 7, figure 10 shows a cover element that is used in the wall in accordance with Figure 1, Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view along line XI-XI of Figure 10; Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view along line XII-XII of Figure 10; Fig. 13 is a front view of another example of a wear-resistant coating element according to the invention, and Fig. 14 is a partial top-sectional view of the element of Fig. 13. Fig. 1 illustrates a first example of a wall in accordance with the present invention. Various wear-resistant coating elements 11 are fixed to the front surface against the front surface of the support surface 10 by fixing means (see FIG. 6). The wear-resistant coating elements are made entirely of, in this case, a wear-resistant elastomeric material, such as, for example, wear-resistant rubber or polyurethane.

Two opposite narrow faces 12 of these elements 11 are formed with V-shaped housings 13. The narrow faces 12 of an element are connected in close contact against the corresponding narrow faces of the elements 11 attached. In this embodiment, the housings 13 are formed as two grooves or grooves arranged in the form of a V with their tip 14 near the narrow face 12, and the grooves open towards the broad face 15, exposed to wear, of the covering element resistant to use. As can be seen in the cross-sectional views of Figures 4 and 5, the grooves do not extend completely along the wear-resistant coating element, but end in a lower wall 16 adjacent to the underside of the element . The dimension of the housings 13 in the longitudinal direction of the element is slightly smaller than one third of the distance between the two narrow faces 12. If longer elements are desired, it is possible to design these elements as multiple of those illustrated in the drawings, thereby obtaining a cross-shaped accommodation 13 between successive elements. The other two narrow faces of the wear-resistant covering elements 11 have flaps or projections 17 and 18 in the upper or lower parts respectively, so that the elements attached to the wall overlap and lock or interlock with each other. Subsequently, the required number of rows of wear-resistant cladding elements are placed together against each other to cover the surface of the wall in question, which must have a resistant coating to the use that occupy the cladding elements resistant to the use of according to the invention. In this case, the fixing of the wear-resistant coating elements 11 is carried out by fixing means including washers 20 and bolts 19, which are fixed to the support surface and which are screwed with nuts. In this case, washers are used in the form of a cross, that is, washers with two V-shaped projections 21, the tips of which are directed toward each other. Alternatively, it is possible to use double washers having a V-shaped projection 21 and which are arranged to overlap each other on the bolts 19 in order to be fixed together by a nut. This embodiment is illustrated in Figures 7 to 9, wherein one washer 20 'is annular in shape, and another washer 20"is U-shaped. In the illustrated example, the V-shaped housings have been augmented by a semi-circular through portion 22 in order to make room for the central parts of the washers 20. This semicircular recessed portion 22 does not need to extend down to the underside of the wear-resistant coating element., but may leave a flange or skirt, against which the central portion of the washer is depressed when the wear-resistant coating element is fixed against the supporting surface. If, in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 1, it is desired to fill the grooves or housings 13 to prevent the accumulation of materials or dirt therein, the housings can be filled with filling elements 23 as illustrated in FIGS. 10 to 12. The polished example of a wear-resistant coating element is essentially square in shape, but it is also possible to use, for example, hexagonal-shaped wear-resistant coating elements in which the housings for the fixing means are formed in two opposite narrow faces, in which case the attached narrow faces have a skirt or projection similar to the skirt 17 and 18 of figures 1 to 3, thus overlapping the attached elements with each other. Figures 13 and 14 illustrate another example of a wear-resistant coating element 24 according to the invention. Also in this case the element has two opposite narrow faces 25 having V-shaped housings 26 open towards these narrow faces. The difference between the embodiment in Figures 1 to 3 and the embodiment in Figures 13 and 14 is that two of these V-shaped housings are formed on each narrow face. The V-shaped housings are arranged in such a way that their tip and one leg of the V are on the narrow face, in such a way that the housings form a receptacle open towards the outside. In the embodiment according to FIGS. 13 and 14 there is a lower wall 27, against which the projections 21 of the washers 20 meet and are pressed when the wear-resistant coating element is fixed to the support surface with the means of fixing, that is, the washers 20 and bolts, analogously to the example of figure 1. When mounting a wall in accordance with this embodiment of the invention, washers 20 'and 20"of the type illustrated in figures 8 are advantageously used. and 9. The washers and their projections are inserted sideways into the housings 26 that make up the receptacle before placing the wear-resistant coating elements on the support surface, and then the washers 20 'and 20"are put into a bolt. common, subsequently secured with a nut. As can be seen in the embodiment of Figures 13 and 14, it is not necessary that the wear-resistant coating element be made of an elastomeric material only. In this embodiment, wear elements 28 of the wear resistant material, such as ceramic or metallic material, have been inserted into the wide face, or the wear-exposed face, of the element. In the illustrated example, a large number of cylindrical elements 28 of ceramic, metallic-ceramic or metallic material has been molded into polyurethane or some other moldable elastomeric material. However, it is possible to fix wear elements similar to the surface of a body of elastomeric material by inserting them into the housings of that material. In fact, the entire surface of the wear-resistant coating element can be covered with a coherent layer of, for example, manganese steel, anchored by vulcanization or in some other way, to the underlying parts of the wear-resistant coating element made of elastomeric material. These underlying parts of elastomeric material (synthetic or natural rubber material) will act as shock absorbers, which increases the impact resistance capacity of the metallic element / elements, ceramics or metallic-ceramic material. If the surface to be covered with the wear-resistant cladding element does not have the dimensions that constitute a multiple of the dimensions of the cladding elements resistant to use in the longitudinal and transverse direction, it is possible to cut at the suitable place between two opposite narrow faces 12 and between two opposite housings 13 and 26 some element. Sufficient fixing of the coating element resistant to incomplete or cut-off use is carried out by the projections of the washers that press the wear-resistant coating element against the support surface, thus avoiding any flapping, ie, relative movements between the cladding element and the supporting surface. The invention provides a more reliable anchoring of the wear-resistant coating elements on the support surface, because the fixing pressure is distributed over a larger portion along the wear-resistant coating elements, calculated in between opposite narrow faces with accommodations. It is easy to assemble and disassemble the plates or wear-resistant coating elements, since the washers 20 with their V-shaped projections 21 can be inserted into the housings 13 after fixing to the supporting surface in the embodiment in accordance with Figures 1 to 3, or can be inserted into the V-shaped housings or receptacles 26 before being fixed to the support surface, in the embodiment according to Figures 13 and 14.

Claims (14)

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION CLAIMS

1. - A wall exposed to wear, which has a wear-resistant coating formed by a series of coating elements resistant to use in juxtaposition (11, 24) made of an elastomeric material, optionally in combination with another material resistant to use (28 ), and fixed to its support surface (10) with the aid of fastening means in the form of bolts (19) and washers (20), and the wear-resistant coating elements are in the form of plates with two broad and expensive faces narrow that connect them, characterized in that the wear-resistant coating elements (11) on two opposite narrow faces (12) have V-shaped cavities, (13,26) that open towards the narrow faces (12) and that have with flanges or lower walls (16, 27), and that the washers (20) of the fixing means have protrusions or projections in the form of V (21), whose V-shaped legs (21) are housed in the cavities V (13, 26) and splice co n the aforementioned lower flanges or walls (16, 27) once the washers have been fixed by the bolts.

2. A wall according to claim 1, further characterized in that the cavities of the wear-resistant coating elements (11) are shaped as V-shaped grooves or grooves (13), with their tip adjacent to the narrow face (12) of the elements and that open towards the broad face (15), exposed to wear, of the wear-resistant coating elements.

3. A wall according to claim 1, further characterized in that the cavities of the wear-resistant coating elements are shaped as V-shaped receptacles (26) with their tip and a V-shaped leg adjacent to the faces narrow (12) mentioned above and configured to receive one of the respective V-shaped legs (21) of the washers (20).

4. A wall according to any of claims 1 to 3, further characterized in that the narrow faces of the wear-resistant coating elements without the V-shaped cavities are formed with complementary protruding flaps (17, 18) to allow that two coating elements resistant to juxtaposition use (11, 24) overlap each other.

5. A wall according to any of claims 1 to 4, further characterized in that the washers (20) of the fastening means have opposing V-shaped protrusions (21) for coupling with the V-shaped cavities (13). , 26) in two cladding elements in juxtaposition.

6. A wall according to any of claims 1 to 5, further characterized in that the V-shaped cavities (13, 26) or slots have a length corresponding to approximately one third of the width of the lining elements to use between two opposite narrow faces (12).

7. A wall according to any of claims 1 to 6, further characterized in that the lining elements to use (24) include one or more wear members (28) of a ceramic-metallic ceramic material or a material metallic that are inserted or that are fixed in the elastomeric material.

8. A coating element resistant to the use of elastomeric material, optionally in combination with another use-resistant material, to form a wear-resistant coating on a wall exposed to wear, characterized in that it has, on two opposite narrow sides (12) , with cavities or V-shaped housings (13, 26) that open towards them.

9. An element resistant coating use according to claim 8, further characterized by the properties V-shaped grooves are formed as V-shaped (13) with its narrow side adjacent the tip (12) of the elements , and that open towards them and towards the wide face (15) that is exposed to wear when the element is used properly.

10. A wear-resistant coating element according to claim 8, further characterized in that the housings are shaped as V-shaped receptacles (26), which open towards the narrow faces (12) and which have their tip and a V-shaped leg adjacent to the narrow faces mentioned above and which open to these narrow faces (12) and that have a bottom wall (27) or flange on the wide face of the element, adapted to join with the support surface (10). 11.- A use-resistant coating element according to claim 8 or 9, further characterized in that its narrow faces without V-shaped housings are formed with complementary protruding flaps (17, 18) so that two coating elements resistant to Use in juxtaposition can overlap and immobilize each other. 12. A use-resistant coating element according to claims 8, 9 or 10, further characterized in that it includes one or more wear elements (28) of a ceramic, metallic-ceramic or metallic material, inserted in the elastomeric material or fixed to it. 13. Attachment means for fixing the wear-resistant coating elements (11, 24) to the support surface, and these fixing means include a washer (20), further characterized in that this washer (20) has projections in the form of V (21). 14. A fixing means in accordance with the claim 13, further characterized in that the washer (20) has opposite V-shaped protrusions (21).