MXPA00007768A - A method for enhancing with latex the anti-skid properties of paper - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for enhancing the anti-skid properties of a paper product by contacting the paper product with an aqueous composition comprising a colloidal silica;a latex;and an alcohol. The invention further relates to the products produced by the present invention. The invention further relates to an aqueous composition for enhancing the anti-skid properties of a paper product.

Description

A METHOD FOR INCREASING PAPER ANTI-STRIPPING PROPERTIES DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and composition for increasing the anti-slip properties of paper with latex. Certain compounds present in wood have a detrimental effect on the anti-slip or friction properties of paper. Resins and fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic, linolenic, palmitic and / or stearic acids are released from wood species during the pulping process. Due to their relatively low surface energies these materials reduce the anti-slip or friction properties of paper. The need for increased non-skid or friction properties of paper products is based on the requirements of the paper handling rolls in the paper mill as well as the functional performance of the paper product. Paper products with reduced anti-slip or friction properties experience events of putting some reels in others in the mill, which makes it difficult to transport the finished paper rolls in the mill. Another event is the crepe wrinkles, where the sheet will slide on itself after being rolled on a tight reel. As the sheet slides it forms wrinkles or hills on the paper web. Once it is wrinkled, the paper band is not. suitable for printing and conversion in the final product. A paper product with decreased anti-skid properties also exhibits slippage in the conversion process due to misalignment in the printing paper press and going ahead during shutdowns or speed reduction of the printing paper press. The advance in the machine room can result in damage to the printing plates as well as breakage in the printing papers press. For many years, colloidal silica has been used in the art to increase the anti-slip properties of paper products. The prior art describes the coating of the surface of a sheet of paper with colloidal silica to increase the friction of the sheet. U.S. Patent No. 2,872,094 to Leptien; US Patent Nos. 4,452,723 and 4,418,111 for Carstens; U.S. Patent No. 3,916,058 to Vossos; U.S. Patent Nos. 3,901,987; 3,754,984 and 3,860,431 for Payne et al.; U.S. Patent No. 5,466,493 to Mefford et al.; U.S. Patent No. 5,569,318 to Jarrand; and Japanese Patent Application No. 05172989 for Yoshihiko et al. describe the coating of a paper product with silica to increase the anti-slip properties.

There are some problems associated with the surface application of colloidal silica to paper. Silica deposits frequently occur in undesirable places such as in the application equipment. In addition, cleaning problems are often observed on the finished paper. In the case of spray applications, the narrow tips can easily be covered causing tearing or interruption of the spray pattern on certain areas. In many cases a significant loss of friction is observed between the reel and the rewinder. In an attempt to overcome these problems of application, the prior art describes the combination of a glycol with colloidal silica. U.S. Patent No. 5,569,318 to Jarrand; U.S. Patent No. 5,466,493 to Mefford et al.; and US Patent Nos. 3,860,431 and 3,901,987 to Payne et al. describes the application of a composition composed of silica and a glycol on the paper surface to increase the anti-slip or friction properties of the paper. These references, however, do not teach one of ordinary skill in the art to use a latex in combination with colloidal silica and an alcohol to increase the anti-skid properties of the paper. The use of a latex in the paper treatment is also described in the art. The North American Patent No 4, 258,104 for Lee et al. and U.S. Patent No. 5,460,874 to Rao describe the application of a composition composed of a latex on the paper surface to increase or increase the paper's printing properties. These references, however, do not describe the use of latex in combination with colloidal silica and an alcohol to increase the anti-skid or friction properties of the paper. Furthermore, the prior art does not teach the use of a latex to increase the anti-slip or friction properties of the paper. U.S. Patent No. 5,244,728 to Bo man et al. and U.S. Patent No. 5,275,846 to Imai et al. describe composite compositions of silica and latex. These compositions are applied to the paper surface to increase the printability or increase the paper retention layer. These references do not disclose the use of an alcohol in the coating composition. In addition, these references do not teach the application of a composition composed of latex and colloidal silica to increase the anti-skid or friction properties of the paper. U.S. Patent No. 4,094,685 to Lester et al. , describes an expandable coating. The composition is composed of a polymer binder latex, a dispersing agent, polyespheres, a defoamer, a bridge solvent and a thickener. There is no description in Lester et al. to coat paper to increase the anti-slip properties of paper. The composition of Lester et al. It is used in textiles and paints and not in paper products. U.S. Patent No. 4,980,024 to Payne et al. describes a method for increasing the anti-skid properties of paper by spraying the paper with a composition composed of an acrylamide, glycerin, and an aqueous silica sol. The acrylamide used in Payne et al. it is soluble in water, and consequently, not in a latex of the present invention. In light of the above, it would be very desirable to have a method for increasing the anti-slip properties of the paper. In addition, it would be advantageous to maintain or increase other paper properties such as printability and classification. Finally, there is a need to increase paper properties in the absence of application problems. The present invention solves such a need in the art while providing surprising advantages. In accordance with the purpose or purposes of this invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, this invention, in one aspect, relates to a method for increasing the anti-slip properties of a paper product comprising contacting the product. of paper with an aqueous composition, comprising: (a) a colloidal silica; (b) a latex; and (c) an alcohol. The invention further relates to a method for increasing the anti-skid properties of a paper product comprising contacting the paper product with an aqueous composition consisting essentially of: (a) a colloidal silica; (b) a latex; and (c) an alcohol. The invention further relates to the products additionally produced by the present invention. The invention further relates to an aqueous composition for increasing the anti-skid properties of a paper product, consisting essentially of: (a) a colloidal silica; (b) a latex; and (c) an alcohol. The invention further relates to an aqueous composition for increasing the anti-skid properties of paper products comprising: (a) a colloidal silica; (b) a latex; and (c) an alcohol, wherein the composition does not include a polyester. The invention further relates to an aqueous composition for increasing the anti-skid properties of a paper product, consisting essentially of: (a) a colloidal silica; (b) a latex; and (c) an alcohol comprising a compound having the structure H [OCH2CH2] mOH, wherein m is an integer from 2 to 14; a compound having the structure H [OCH (CH3) (H) CH] nOH, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10; a compound having the structure HOCH2 (CHOH) PCH2OH wherein p is an integer from 1 to 4; or a combination thereof. The invention further relates to an article comprising a paper product coated with colloidal silica, a latex, and an alcohol. The additional advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will be obvious from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention. The advantages of the invention will be realized and achieved by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. It should be understood that the following general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed. The present invention can be more easily understood with reference to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention and the Examples included herein. Before the present methods and products are described and set forth, it should be understood that this invention is not limited to specific synthetic methods or particular formulations, since such can, of course, vary. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular modalities only and is not intended to be limiting. In this specification and: n the following claims, reference will be made to a number of terms which will be defined having the following meanings: The singular forms "a one and" the "*" "it" includes plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. "Optional" or "optional": e "means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes cases where the event or circumstance occurs and cases where it does not. It is defined as an increase in a desired effect and / or an increase in the duration of the desired effect.The term "paper product" is defined as any manufactured paper that is prepared from a papermaking process. paper product of the present invention In accordance with the purpose or purposes of this invention, as widely incorporated and described herein, this invention, in one aspect, relates to a method for increasing the anti-slip properties of a product of paper, which comprises contacting the paper product with an aqueous composition, comprising: (a) a colloidal silica, (b) a latex, and (c) an alcohol. and a method for increasing the anti-skid properties of a paper product, comprising contacting the paper product with an aqueous composition, consisting essentially of: (a) a colloidal silica; (b) a latex; and (c) an alcohol.

The invention further relates to the products, produced by the present invention. The invention further relates to an aqueous composition for increasing the anti-skid properties of a paper product, consisting essentially of: (a) a colloidal silica; (b) a latex; and (c) an alcohol. The invention further relates to an aqueous composition for increasing the anti-skid properties of a paper product, comprising: (a) a colloidal silica; (b) a latex; and (c) an alcohol, wherein the composition does not include a polyester. The invention further relates to an aqueous composition for increasing the anti-skid properties of a paper product, consisting essentially of: (a) a colloidal silica; (b) a latex; and (c) an alcohol, which comprises a compound having the structure H [OCH2CH2] mOH, wherein m is an integer from 2 to 14; a compound having the structure H [OCH (CH3) (H) CH] nOH, 'wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10; a compound having the structure HOCH2 (CHOH) pCH2OH, wherein p is an integer from 1 to 4; or a combination thereof. The invention further relates to an article comprising a paper product coated with colloidal silica, a latex, and an alcohol. Any colloidal silica known in the art is useful in the present invention. In one modality, colloidal silica is anionic. Examples of silica compounds useful in the present invention are those described in but limited to The Chemistry of Silica by Ralph K. Iler (John Wiley and Sons, 1979). The size and shape of the colloidal silica may vary depending on the type of silica used. In one embodiment, the colloidal silica has a particle size from 5 to 160 nm, preferably from 7 to 150 nm. In another embodiment, the colloidal silica has a particle size from 60 to 90 nm. In another embodiment, the colloidal silica has a particle size from 7 to 30 nm. In another embodiment the colloidal silica is a colloidal silica mixture having a particle size from 60 to 90 nm and from 7 to 30 nm. The amount of colloidal silica used in the present invention may also vary. In one embodiment, the amount of colloidal silica is from 0.5 to 50% preferably from 10 to 45% by weight of the aqueous composition. In another embodiment, the colloidal silica can be used as a sol produced by any technique known in the art. The colloidal silica used in the present invention can also be modified with aluminum. In one embodiment, the aluminum ions can be incorporated onto the surface of the colloidal silica. The modified alumina silicas described in The Chemistry of Silica by Ralph K. Iler (John Wiley and Sons, 1979) and U.S. Patent No. 2,892,797 to Alexander et al. , which are incorporated herein by reference may be used in the present invention. Example of a modified alumina silica useful in the present invention includes, but is not limited to, LUDOX TAM® or LUDOX AM®, which is manufactured by DuPont, Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A. In another embodiment, a metal oxide can be used in combination with the colloidal silica. In one embodiment, the metal oxide is alumina. When the metal oxide is used in the aqueous composition, the metal oxide and the colloidal silica are from 3 to 50% preferably from 5 to 35% by weight of the aqueous composition. The latexes used in the present invention increase the anti-slip or friction properties of paper. The term "latex" is defined as a water-insoluble polymer composition, typically a colloidal suspension, capable of forming a film on the surface of a paper product. The latex used in the present invention can be any synthetic or natural latex. Any latex used in the prior art for paper coating can be used in the present invention. In one embodiment, the latex is a styrene-butadiene rubber, a vinyl acetate homopolymer, an acrylic vinyl copolymer, an acrylic styrene polymer, or a combination thereof. The molecular weight of the latex may vary depending on the selected polymer. In one embodiment, latex is an acrylic styrene resin. In another embodiment, the latex is an acrylic styrene resin comprising 2-ethexyl acrylate as a monomeric residue. Examples of vinyl acetate homopolymers include, but are not limited to, POLYCO 2149AD® and POLYCO 2152®, which are manufactured by Rohm and Haas, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A. Examples of vinyl acrylic copolymers include but are not limited to POLYCO 3220®, POLYCO 3103®, POLYCO 6108® and POLYCO 3250®, which are manufactured by Rohm and Haas, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A. Examples of styrene acrylic resins include but are not limited to, RHOPLEX B-15P®, RHOPLEX P-5S4® RHOPLEX B-60A®, and RHOPLEX P-376®, which are manufactured by Rohm and Haas, Philadelphia, PA, USA. , and JONCRYL 74® and JONCRYL 624®, which are manufactured by SC Johnson, Racine, Wl, U.S.A. In another embodiment, the latex is JONCRYL 74® or RHOPLEX P-376®. The latex used in the present invention can be a homopolymer or copolymer prepared from the polymerization of one or more monomeric residues. The monomeric residues described in U.S. Patent No. 4,258,104 to Lee et al. , which are incorporated herein by reference, are used to prepare the latexes of the present invention. In one embodiment, the latex is JONCRYL 74®, which is a polymer prepared from the monomeric residues 2-ethylacrylate and styrene, which may also include butyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate. The amount of each monomer used to prepare the latex can be very dependent on the desired property of latex. In one embodiment, by decreasing the amount of styrene in the latex, the. Latex will become softer. In another embodiment, by increasing the amount of styrene in the latex, the latex will become harder. Methods for polymerizing these monomers to produce latexes of the present invention are known in the art. In one embodiment, the latex used in the present invention should be in the form of a solid such as a powder. In another embodiment, the latex can be added to water to produce a dispersion before the addition of the colloidal silica and alcohol. In one embodiment the amount of latex in the aqueous composition in the present invention is from 1 to 50%, preferably from 2 to 30% by weight and more preferably from 2 to 12% by weight of the aqueous composition. In another embodiment of the present invention, the latex is a dispersion comprising 48.5% by weight of latex in water. The aqueous composition in the present invention also comprises an alcohol. The alcohol of the present invention comprises a monohydric alcohol, a glycol, a polyhydric alcohol, or the combination thereof. The term '"monohydric alcohol" is defined as any compound having a hydroxyl group. The term "glycol" is defined as any compound having two hydroxyl groups. The term "polyhydric alcohol" is defined as any compound having three or more hydroxyl groups. In one embodiment, the alcohol is soluble in water. In another modality, alcohol is less volatile than water. In another embodiment the alcohol component is a glycol that is partially or completely esterified. In one embodiment, the alcohol is a monohydric alcohol comprising methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the alcohol is a glycol or polyhydric alcohol having the structure H [OCH2CH] mOH where m is an integer from 2 to 14; a compound having the structure H [OCH (CH3) (H) CH] nOH, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10; a compound having the structure H0CH2 (CHOH) PCH20H, wherein p is an integer from 1 to 4; or the combination of them. In another embodiment, the alcohol comprises a mixture of a compound having the structure H [OCH2CH2] mOH, wherein m is an integer from 2 to 10, and a compound having the structure H [OCH (CH3) (H) CH] nOH, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10. In one embodiment, the alcohol comprises a compound having the structure H [OCH2CH2] mOH, where m is an integer from 2 to 10. Examples of alcohols having the structure H [OCHCH2] mOH include, but is not limited to, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, or polyethylene glycol. In one embodiment, the polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of from 200 to 600, preferably from 300 to 600, and preferably from 400 to 600. In another embodiment, the alcohol comprises a compound having the structure HOCH2 (CHOH) pCH2OH, wherein is an integer from 1 to 4. Examples of alcohols having this structure HOCH2 (CHOH) pCH2OH include, but are not limited to, glycerin or sorbitol. In another embodiment, the alcohol may be a higher saccharide. Examples of higher saccharides include, but are not limited to, glucose or sucrose. In another embodiment, the alcohol comprises a compound having the structure H [OCH (CH3) (H) CH] n0H, where n is an integer from 1 to 10. Examples of alcohols having the structure H [OCH (CH3 ) (H) CH] nOH include, but are not limited to, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, or tripropylene glycol. The alcohol having the structure H [OCH (CH3) (H) CH] nOH is prepared by the ring opening polymerization of propylene oxide. When the epoxide opens, a mixture of isomer is produced. In one embodiment of the present invention, a mixture of isomers having the structure H [OCH (CH3) (H) CH] nOH is used. The designation "(CH3) (H) '" refers to the methyl and hydrogen portions that form isomers by being bound to the "OCH" or "CH" portions. The amount of alcohol present in an aqueous composition may vary depending on the selection of the selected alcohol. In one embodiment, the alcohol is from 3 to 90% preferably from 7 to 17% by weight of the aqueous composition. In another embodiment, a tri-alcohol such as triethanolamine can be added to the aqueous composition. The aqueous composition of the present invention may include additional additives that are used in the art typically in the process and paper products. Examples of other additives that may be added include, but are not limited to, dyes, filler pigments, retention aids, thickeners, defoamers, and wet and dry strength additives. The amount of the additive that is added to the aqueous composition is known in the art. In one embodiment, the pH of the aqueous composition is from 7.5 to 10, preferably from 7.8 to 9.9. The pH of the aqueous composition varies depending on the selection of the colloidal silica. The colloidal silica, latex, and alcohol can be added to the water in any order to produce the aqueous composition of the present invention. In another embodiment, the aqueous composition is from 5 to 90%, preferably from 40 to 80% by weight of water. In another embodiment, the aqueous composition is a suspension or sol. The percentages by weight of silica, latex, alcohol, and water are based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. The aqueous compositions of the present invention can be further diluted with water. The amount of dilution can vary depending on the technique used. To contact the paper product with the aqueous composition. In one embodiment, a portion of the aqueous composition is diluted with 1 to 20 parts of water, preferably 1 to 10 parts of water. In one embodiment, colloidal silica, diethylene glycol, and JONCRYL 74® are added to the water to produce the aqueous composition of the present invention. In another modality, colloidal silica, diethylene glycol, and RHOPLEX P-376®, are added to the water to produce the aqueous composition of the present invention. The aqueous composition of the present invention is typically applied to the surface of the paper product. Methods for contacting the surface of the paper product with the aqueous composition are known in the art. Typically, the surface of the paper product is roller coated, sprayed or applied by means of a sizing press with the aqueous composition. In one embodiment, the aqueous composition is sprayed onto the surface of the paper product. In one embodiment, when the paper product is roll coated with the aqueous composition, the latex, colloidal silica, and alcohol form a film on the paper surface upon removal of the water. In another embodiment, when the aqueous composition is sprayed onto the surface of the paper product, the latex, colloidal silica, and alcohol form a viscous material on the surface of the paper product upon removal of the water. Any paper product is suitable for use in the present invention. Examples of paper products include, but are not limited to, newspaper, coated paper, office xerographic paper, magazine paper, or office paper. An object of the present invention is to increase the anti-slip or friction properties of the paper. The property of paper that predicts the tendency of paper to slip or slide when in contact with another paper product or other medium is friction. The friction of a paper substrate is defined by 'a quantitative value, the coefficient of friction. The static coefficient of friction shows the energy required to initiate an object in motion and the kinetic coefficient of friction refers to the force required to keep the body moving once it has initiated movement. A method to quantify the coefficients of static and kinetic friction is by the horizontal plane method. In this method a sheet of paper (the top sheet) is placed on top of a second sheet of paper (bottom sheet). A sledge of known weight or mass is attached to the top sheet and the bottom sheet, where the bottom sheet is fixed to the horizontal plane. The sled is then pushed at a constant speed. The force required to start the movement of the sled (static) is recorded and the force to keep the sled in motion (kinetic or dynamic) is also recorded. A calibrated force or load cell is applied to measure this value. The TAPPI Test Method T549 pm-90 is the test method used for uncoated printing and writing paper and the TAPPI T816 om-92 Test Method is used for solid and corrugated cardboard fiber, the static coefficient of friction is 10 to 20% greater than the kinetic coefficient of friction. In one embodiment, the paper product has a friction kinetic coefficient of 0.35 to 0.66 after the paper product has been contacted with the aqueous composition of this invention. Another method to quantify the anti-slip or friction properties of paper is to measure the sliding angle. This method determines the coefficient of static friction of the material by measuring the angle at which a test surface begins to slide against another inclined surface as the inclination is increased at a constant and described speed. The TAPPI Test Method T578 pm-90 is the test method used for uncoated printing and writing paper and the TAPPI Test Method T815 om-95 is used for packaging materials. Applicants have unexpectedly discovered that when a paper product is contacted with an aqueous composition of the present invention, the print capacity properties of the paper product are also increased. One way to quantify the printing capacity of a paper product is to determine the printing capacity index of the paper product. A paper sample was printed by means of a semiautomated bench scale printing device and the resulting color density was measured in six different areas with an ink densitometer. The average value of those six measurements is referred to as the print capacity index. Not wishing to be united in theory, the water-insoluble latex of the present invention prevents the ink from being watered along the surface of the paper product once the ink has been applied to the paper product. In addition, colloidal silica also prevents ink from spreading along the paper product, which also results in increased printability. The prior art does not teach the use of a latex of the present invention in combination with a colloidal silica and an alcohol to increase the frictional properties and the printing capabilities of the paper. In addition, the classification properties of a paper product are maintained or increased when a paper product is contacted with the aqueous composition of the present invention. The classification properties were determined by the Hercules Classification Tester (HST), which measures the penetration time required for an aqueous dye to pass through the sheet of paper being tested. Finally the presence of the alcohol in the aqueous composition also provides a number of advantages. First, the aqueous compositions of the present invention are stable compared to prior art compositions when alcohol is not present. Second, the aqueous composition of the present invention is stable in freeze-thaw cycles. Finally, aqueous compositions composed of silica that do not possess an alcohol of the present invention tend to form deposits on the tip of the sprinklers which finally covers the tips of the sprinkler. This results in an additional stage that consumes time to wash the tips to eliminate deposits. When the composition of the present invention is used, no tip capping is observed. EXAMPLES The following examples are proposed to provide those of ordinary skill in the art with a disclosure and complete description of how the methods and compositions claimed herein are made and evaluated, and are intended to be purely exemplary of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of what the inventors consider to be their invention. Efforts have been made to ensure accuracy with respect to numbers (eg, quantities, temperature, etc.) but some errors and deviations must be counted. Unless otherwise indicated, the parts are parts by weight, the temperature is in degrees Centigrade or is at room temperature and the pressure is or is close to atmospheric.

Example 1 The aqueous composition of the present invention was evaluated for its ability to impart anti-skid or paper friction properties. JONCRYL 74"was used as a 48.5% dispersion in water.Silice was used as a sol (41% by weight of silica in water) The amount of silica used in the formulations is expressed as% by weight of dry silica. The formulation (1) is composed of 38% by weight of silica, 14% by weight of glycerin and 48% by weight of water Formulation (2) is composed of 37.6% by weight of silica, 8% by weight of diethylene glycol , 0.07% by weight of biocide, and 54.3% by weight of water Formulation (3) is composed of 30.75% by weight of silica, 14.58% by weight of diethylene glycol, 10% by weight of JONCRYL 74®, 0.07% by weight weight of biocide, and 44.6% by weight of water The formulations were diluted with water to facilitate the application of the formulations on the rolls The formulations were sprayed onto the roll of paper before pulling up the drum of the spool on the machine of paper manufacture The sliding angle of the paper coated paperboard was determined by the method or TAPPI Test T815 om-95, and the results are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1 shows that the formulation (3), which is an aqueous composition of the present invention, provides the largest sliding angle to the cardboard in the reel. Also, when 42 lb. paper-coated paperboard was tested, the loss of slip angle through the spool was only .0.4 degrees when the present invention was used against a loss of grades of 3.3 and 1.4 through the spool using the formulations. (1) and (2) respectively. EXAMPLE 2 The impact on the print quality in paper products produced in Example 1 is evaluated using the formulations (1) - (3). The test samples were printed by means of a semiautomated bench balance printing device and the resulting color densities were measured with an ink densitometer. Six measurements in the cross direction of each sample were taken and an average ink density value was calculated and referred to as the print capacity index in Table 2.

The data in Table 2 indicate an increase of 14% in printability when the cardboard is contacted with the formulation (3) compared to the cardboard put in contact with the formulation (1). These data show that an aqueous composition of the present invention increases the printing capacity of the paperboard. EXAMPLE 3 To compare the propensity to form deposits and the cleaning ability of the formulations of the present invention with formulations of the prior art, experiments were carried out on a 4-point spray bar with the same tips that are used in the current mill applications. The spray was directed against an originally transparent plastic screen. The surrounding surfaces were metallic. The four tips were commercial tips, made of plastic or stainless steel. 'Three formulations were tested. Formulation A is composed of 41% by weight of dry silica and 59% by weight of water. Formulation B is composed of 30.75% by weight of dry silica, 25% by weight of JONCRYL 74®, and 44.25% by weight of water. Formulation C is composed of 30.75% dry silica, 14.58% by weight of diethylene glycol, 10% by weight of JONCRYL 74®, 0.07% by weight of biocide, and 44.6% by weight of water. Formulation A leads to the formation of white deposits within one hour of spraying. Cleaning was required to eliminate deposits. Formulation B produces deposits that are even more difficult to move from the tip of the spray when compared to formulation A. In contrast, formulation C, which is an aqueous composition of the present invention, resulted in the formation of a sticky clear material at the tip. In this case, the tip was easily rinsed with water. further, no plugging of the tip was observed after stopping, air drying the water and restarting the spray when the aqueous composition of the present invention was used. This experiment shows that the aqueous compositions of the present invention avoid the application problems typically encountered when using paper coating compositions of the prior art. Example 4 Tests were conducted to determine the appearance and consistency of a resulting deposit formed by the removal of water from various aqueous compositions. A number of aqueous compositions were placed and prepared on aluminum discs (Table 3). The water compensates the rest of the composition in such a way that the sum of the components is equal to 100 parts. After three days at room temperature, the evaporation of water produced a deposit. The appearance of the resulting solid was observed and the results are summarized in Table 3.

The formation of a solid deposit suggests that it will be difficult to dissolve the solid in water when compared to a paste or film. The results of Table 3 suggest that the deposit known from runs 1-3, which are aqueous compositions of the present invention, will dissolve in water. Run 4, which is a composition of the prior art, will be more difficult to dissolve in water since it is a solid. Run 5 is a control. The translucent paste of run 2 is even more preferred to the skin or white film of runs 1 and 3 due to the better potential for redispersibility in water. Example 5 The formulation (3) of Example 1 was applied at 20 pounds by 3000 square feet based on the weight of the xerographic paper sheet in the absence and presence of starch. Starch is a common additive used in sizing press applications. The starch was also added in the run-up tank of the sizing press. The amounts of the formulation (3) used expressed in pounds per tons' (ppt). The coefficient of static and kinetic friction and the paper classification properties were measured, and the results are shown in Table 4.

The data in Table 4 reveal that the coefficient of static friction (SCOF) and the coefficient of kinetic friction (KCOF) increases over the base sheet when the formulation (3) is used in the presence or absence of starch. Furthermore, the classification properties (HST) are maintained or increased when the paper product is treated with the formulation (3) in the absence of starch. Through this publication reference is made to the various publications. The descriptions of these publications in their entirety are incorporated herein for reference within this application to more fully describe the current state-of the art to which this invention pertains. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention described herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered only as examples with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.

Claims (39)

1. CLAIMS 1. A method for increasing the anti-skid properties of a paper product, characterized in that it comprises, contacting the paper product with an aqueous composition, comprising: (a) a colloidal silica; (b) a latex; and (c) an alcohol, wherein the alcohol is not a monohydric alcohol.
2. 2. The method of compliance with the claim 1, characterized in that the colloidal silica comprises silica modified with aluminate.
3. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the colloidal silica has a particle size from 5 to 160 nm.
4. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the colloidal silica has a particle size from 60 to 90 nm.
5. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the colloidal silica has a particle size from 7 to 30 nm.
6. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the colloidal silica is a mixture of colloidal silica from 7 to 30 nm. , and from 60 to 90 nm.
7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the colloidal silica is from 0.5 to 50% by weight of the composition.
8. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the colloidal silica is from 10 to 45% by weight of the composition.
9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the latex comprises a styrene butadiene rubber, a vinyl acetate homopolymer, a vinyl acrylic copolymer, an acrylic polymer, an acrylic styrene polymer, or a combination of the same .
10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the latex comprises an acrylic styrene polymer.
11. The method of claim 1, characterized in that the latex is a polymer prepared from a monomeric residue comprising butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, or styrene, or a combination thereof.
12. 12. The method in accordance with the claim 1, characterized in that the latex is from 1 to 50% by weight of the composition.
13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the latex is from 2 to 30% by weight of the composition.
14. 14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the alcohol comprises a glycol, a polyhydric alcohol, or a combination thereof.
15. 15. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the alcohol comprises a compound having the structure H [OCH2CH2] m0H. where m is an integer from 2 to 14; a compound having the structure H [OCH (CH3) (H) CH] nOH, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10; . a compound having the structure HOCH2 (CHOH) pCH2OH, wherein p is an integer from 1 to 4; or a combination thereof.
16. 16. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the alcohol comprises a compound having the structure H [OCH2CH2] mOH, wherein m is an integer from 2 to 10.
17. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the alcohol comprises diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, or a combination thereof.
18. 18. The method of compliance with the claim 1, characterized in that the alcohol comprises glycerin, sorbitol, or a mixture thereof.
19. 19. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the alcohol comprises a compound having the structure H [OCH (CH3) (H) CH] nOH, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10.
20. 20. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the alcohol comprises propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, or a combination thereof.
21. 21. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the alcohol comprises a compound having the structure H [OCH2CH2] mOH, wherein m is an integer from 2 to 10, and a compound having the structure H [OCH] (CH3) (H) CH] nOH, where n is an integer from 1 to 10.
22. 22. The method according to the claim 1, characterized in that the alcohol is from 3 to 90% by weight of the composition.
23. 23. The method according to the claim 1, characterized in that the alcohol is from 7 to 17% by weight of the composition.
24. 24. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous composition is from 5 to 90% by weight in water.
25. 25. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous composition is from 40 to 80% by weight in water.
26. 26. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous composition comprises colloidal silica, a styrene-acrylic latex resin, and diethylene glycol.
27. 27. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous composition has a pH from 7.5 to 10.
28. 28. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous composition has a pH from 7.8 to 9.9.
29. 29. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of contacting comprises spraying the aqueous composition on the surface of the paper product.
30. 30. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the paper product comprises newspaper, cardboard covered with paper, xerographic paper, magazine paper, or office paper.
31. 31. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the step of contacting the paper product has a coefficient of kinetic friction from 0.35 to 0.66.
32. 32. The product made by the method according to claim 1.
33. 33. A method for increasing the anti-skid properties of a paper product, characterized in that it comprises contacting the paper product with an aqueous composition consisting essentially of: ( a) a colloidal silica; (b) a latex; and (c) an alcohol, wherein the alcohol is not a monohydric alcohol.
34. 34. An aqueous composition for increasing the anti-skid properties of a paper product characterized in that it consists essentially of: (a) a colloidal silica; - (b) a latex; and (c) an alcohol, wherein the alcohol is not a monohydric alcohol.
35. 35. An aqueous composition for increasing the anti-skid properties of a paper product, characterized in that it comprises: (a) a colloidal silica; (b) a latex; and (c) an alcohol, wherein the composition does not include a polysphere and wherein the alcohol is not a monohydric alcohol. .
36. 36. An aqueous composition for increasing the anti-skid properties of a paper characterized in that it consists essentially of: (a) a colloidal silica; (b) a latex; and (c) an alcohol comprising a compound having the structure H [0CH2CH2] m0H wherein m is an integer from 2 to 14; a compound having the structure H [0CH (CH3) (H) CH] n0H wherein n is an integer from 2 to 10; a compound having the structure HOCH2 (CHOH) pCH2OH, wherein p is an integer from 1 to 4; or a combination thereof.
37. 37. The product made by the method according to claim 33.
38. 38. An article comprising a paper article covered with colloidal silica, a latex, an alcohol, characterized in that the alcohol is not a monohydric alcohol.
39. 39. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the colloidal silica is anionic colloidal silica.