MXPA00001083A - Rigid evaporative heat exchangers - Google Patents

Abstract

A heat exchanger (10) has structural members (12) made of fiber reinforced resin material. These structural members (12) include vertical columns(14) and walls (16). The walls (16) are bonded to the columns (14) to create rigid joints. The walls (16) are defined by individual panels (60) that may be bonded together along abutting horizontal box beam sections (72,74,76). The panels (60) may have additional box beam sections to strengthen the panels, and connecting webs (64) extending between the box beam sections (72,74,76). Both the box beam sections (72,74,76) and connecting webs (60) may be bonded to the columns (14). Mechanical fasteners (56) can be used to hold the walls (16) and columns (14) together until the bonding material cures. The heat exchanges (10) is preferably an evaporative heat exchanger with a basin (22) with a sloping floor (160) having a low point. The sloping floor (160) may be made of panels (164,166) bonded together. The panels are similar in structure to the wall panels, although the box beams (168) may be of different sizes. All of the panels and columns are preferably made by pultrusion.

Description

INTERACTION RIGID EVAPORATIVE HEAT RIGGERS DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to heat exchangers, and more particularly to support structure of heat exchangers, made substantially of fibers reinforced with structural components of resin. The above heat exchangers have included, for example, cooling towers and evaporative condensers. The cooling towers are used to bring cold liquid into contact with air. Many cooling towers are of the counter-flow type, in which a hot liquid is allowed to flow down through the tower while a counterflow of air is drawn or pushed upward through the fall of the liquid to cool the liquid . Other cooling towers are of the transverse flow type, in which a transverse air flow is extracted or pushed through the fall of the liquid to cool the liquid. A common application for a liquid cooling tower is to cool water to dissipate wasted heat in electrical generators and process plants and air conditioning systems of industry and institutions. Most cooling towers include a structural assembly to support live and dead loads, including air-moving equipment, such as a fan, motor, gearbox, motor or coupling shaft, liquid distribution equipment, coupled as distribution manifold tubes or spray nozzles and heat transfer surface media such as filling media. The filling means generally have spaces through which the liquid flows downward and the air flows upward to provide heat and mass transfer between the liquid and the air. The structural parts of the cooling tower must not only support the weight of the filling material but must also withstand the forces of wind or loads and should be designed to withstand loads of tremors. Due to the corrosive nature of the large volume of air and water drained through the cooling towers, this has been the practical past for either mounting such cooling tower support structures of galvanized or stainless steel and coated metal, or towers mounted on very large fields, to build such wooden cooling tower structures, which are chemically treated under pressure, or concrete at least for the structural parts of the tower. To withstand the expected lateral wind and seismic loads, the support structures of the cooling tower have generally been of two types: the shear wall framework structures and the laterally secured frame structures. The shear wall framework structures are usually reinforced fiber or concrete construction resin, and have a network of interconnected columns and beams, together with the cutting walls that provide lateral resistance for wind loads and tremors. In concrete cutting wall cooling towers, the joint connections between columns and beams may be rigid if casting construction techniques are used in-place. In the construction of the precast concrete and in the cutting wall towers made of columns and beams of reinforced fiber resin, the joints between the columns and the beams are designed to allow rotation between the columns and the beams. In laterally secured assembly structures, the cooling towers are usually made of wood or reinforced fiber resin columns and beams, conventionally assembled to support the dead load; and with diagonal clamps to resist lateral loads, the frame being covered by an armored material. The joints where the beams and columns meet are designed to allow rotation between the structural elements. The joints do not provide lateral resistance to the load or cracking of the structure. The support structures made of concrete are very durable, although the cooling tower support structures are expensive and heavy. Many cooling towers are installed on the roofs of buildings, and the weight of a concrete cooling tower can present problems in the construction design. In towers with metal support structures, corrosion of critical structural elements can be problematic in the humid environment. In towers with wooden support structures, wood can deteriorate under constant exposure to the humid environment. Wood that has been treated chemically to increase its useful life can have disadvantages to the environment: the chemical treatment can be filtered from the wood in the water being cooled. Reinforced fiber resin material has been used successfully as a design alternative to concrete, metal and wood. The prior art cooling towers use reinforced fiber resin structural elements including those shown in US Patent No. 5,236,625 to Bardo et al. (1993) and No. 5,028,357 (1991) to Bardo. Both patents describe suitable structures for cooling towers. Another cooling tower using reinforced fiber resin structural components is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,851,446 to Bardo et al. (1998). In this cooling tower, reinforced fiber resin beams and columns are used along with the mounting members. The columns and beams are attached to the mounting members, and the mechanical fasteners are also used to connect the mounting members to the columns and beams. The joints together do not allow rotation between the columns and the beams. After the framework of columns and beams of reinforced fiber resin is built, a skin or the armored layer joins in a separate ecubierta; the armored one is not intended to significantly add to the structural strength of the frame. Although in all of U.S. Patent Nos. 5,236 / 625, No. 5,028,357 and No. 5,851,446, cooling towers provide strong and efficiently constructed structures, this is desirable to reduce additional costs, particularly for smaller sized cooling towers . In all the cooling towers described in US Patents No. 5,236,625, No. 5,028,357 and No. 5,851,446, the vessels for collecting the cooling fluid that has passed through the filling material have generally flat surfaces, and the bottoms of The columns of the cooling towers are generally fixed to the flat surface of the vessel. Typical vessels have been made for these concrete cooling towers or flat thin pieces of reinforced fiber resin material supported by a steel grate structure. In some countries, such as Australia and England, vessel structures are required by law to have sloping rather than flat surfaces. In U.S. Patent No. 4,442,483, a cooling tower is described with a vessel made of fiber reinforced resin with sloping floors leading to a tundish for collecting the cooling liquid. The complete vessel molds in a traditional way. Such traditional moldings can be expensive, and the shipment of such a bulky structure is even more expensive. Other heat exchangers, such as evaporative condensers, have used similar support structures. However, instead of the filler material within the structure, the capacitors use rolls of tubes within which a process fluid condenses. Some condensers use evaporative heat exchangers, with an evaporative liquid distributed over the condenser rolls and collected in a vessel underneath. The problems with support structures and vessel structures are generally parallel to those described above for cooling towers. The present invention provides a heat exchanger with structural components made of reinforced fiber resin materials. These structural components include vertical columns and walls that "are joined together through the long surface area joints that give rigidity to the structure." The heat exchanger can be an evaporative heat exchanger with a vessel for collecting the evaporative liquid. The vessel has sloping floors made of pultruded panels.The heat exchanger of the present invention is particularly effective and cost effective for applications that require smaller sized cooling towers and for applications where a sloping vessel is desirable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which the reference numbers have been used for similar parts and in which: FIGURE 1 is an elevation of a rigid evaporative heat exchanger made according to the principles of the present invention, FIGURE 2 is an lifting of the rigid evaporative heat exchanger of FIGURE 1, with the upper and lower wall on one side removed and with a part of the fan cover and the roof cover removed to show the interior of the cooling tower; FIGURE 3 is an elevation of the other, the large rigid evaporative heat exchangers made including the principles of the present invention, with the upper and lower wall on one side removed and the part of the fan cover and the roof cover removed to show the inside of the heat exchanger; "FIGURE 4 is a perspective view of the heat exchanger of FIGURE 1 with the parts removed to illustrate the structure of the columns and the upper walls of the heat exchanger; FIGURE 5 is an enlarged perspective view of a corner of the heat exchanger of FIGURES 1 and 4, with parts removed, illustrate the joints between the two walls and a column; FIGURE 6 is a perspective view of the lower walls and the vessel and the parts of the heat exchanger columns of FIGURE 1; FIGURE 7 is a perspective view of the lower walls and the vessel and the parts of the columns of the heat exchanger of FIGURES I and B, with the parts of the lower walls removed to illustrate the structure of the vessel; FIGURE 8 is a perspective view of a filler bracket for use in the heat exchanger of FIGURES 1-3; FIGURE 9 is a perspective view of a supply box and sprinkler bifurcations for use as a part of an evaporative liquid distribution system for use in the evaporative heat exchanger of FIGURES 1-3; FIGURE 10 is a partial perspective view of a support structure for use in the support of the spray branches of the evaporative liquid distribution system for use in the evaporative heat exchangers of FIGURES 1-3; FIGURE 11 is an elevation showing a joint between a wall and a column for the heat exchangers of FIGURES 1-3, with the wall panel shown in section; FIGURE 12 is a sectional view of a wall panel for the walls of the heat exchangers of FIGURES 1-3; FIGURE 12A is an elevation, with the parts removed, showing the inner side of a wall and two columns of the heat exchangers of FIGURES 1-3 to illustrate the locations of the mounting surfaces of the wall panels; FIGURE 13 is a sectional view of a floor panel for the vessel of the evaporative heat exchanger of FIGURES 1-3; FIGURE 14 is a partial perspective view of a part of the edge and the floor panel of a vessel for the cooling towers of FIGURES 1-3, with the parts removed; FIGURE 15 is an end view of the edge piece of FIGURE 14; FIGURE 16 is a partial perspective view of a keel part and two floor sections of a vessel for the cooling towers of FIGURES 1-3, with the parts removed; FIGURE 17 is an end view of the keel part of FIGURE 16; FIGURE 18 is a partial perspective view of the upper walls and columns of an alternate rigid heat exchanger, with the parts removed, showing the columns and wall panels with the supplementary beams; FIGURE 19 is a perspective view of the mounting member for use with the supplementary beams of the rigid heat exchanger of FIGURE 18; FIGURE 20 is a perspective view of an alternative mounting member for use with the supplementary beam of the rigid heat exchanger of FIGURE 18; FIGURE 21 is an end view of an alternate wall panel for a rigid heat exchanger; FIGURE 22 is an elevation of a lower portion of an evaporative heat exchanger, with a bottom wall removed, illustrating an alternate vessel design; FIGURE 23 is a perspective view of the portion of a portion of an alternating column design for a heat exchanger, with the portions of two wall panels before placement in the column; FIGURE 24 is a partial perspective view of the part of an alternate column design for a heat exchanger, with a wall panel in place in the column and the other wall panel shown prior to placement in the column; FIGURE 25 is a perspective view of the part of an alternate wall panel design for a heat exchanger; FIGURE 26 is a perspective view of the part of an alternate column design and the parts of the two alternate wall designs for a heat exchanger; FIGURE 27 is a perspective view of the part of an alternating column design and the part of an alternate wall panel design for a heat exchanger; and FIGURE 28 is a perspective view of a portion of an alternate heat exchanger apparatus structure. A first rigid evaporative heat exchanger 10 incorporating the features of the present invention is illustrated in FIGURES 1-2. A rigid evaporative heat exchanger 11 incorporating the features of the present invention is illustrated in FIGURE 3, where like reference numerals have been used for similar parts. Although the invention is illustrated and described below with reference to cooling towers, it should be understood that the principles of the present invention also apply to other types of heat exchangers. For example, a capacitor using the principles of the present invention could be made. As used in the claims, the term "heat exchanger" should be understood to include cooling towers, condensers, and any other similar structure. It should also be understood that the principles of the present invention can be applied to create other rigid structures. As shown in FIGURE 2, the heat exchanger or cooling tower 10 includes a plurality of structural members 12. The structural members are made of a reinforced fiber resin material, and include the columns 14 and the walls 16. The columns 14 are vertical, spaced apart, and in the first illustrated embodiment, four columns 14 are placed to define a substantially substantial footprint. rectangular. Each wall 16 extends between a pair of adjacent vertical columns 14. In the illustrated embodiment, there are four walls 16 around the periphery of the columns 14. It should be understood that the illustrated shape of the cooling tower is only kept illustrated; The cooling tower could have additional columns and walls to form some other shape, such as, for example, an octagon trace. The heat exchanger or cooling tower 10 also includes an evaporative liquid distribution system 18 for distributing evaporative liquid within the cooling tower, a heat exchanger medium 20 within the tower and positioned to receive evaporative liquid from the system. of evaporative liquid distribution, and a vessel 22 for receiving evaporative liquid from the heat exchange medium. The illustrated cooling tower also includes an inlet opening 24, a fan 26 and a motor 28 for driving the fan. The fan 26 is attached within a cover fan 30 which is part of a full roof cover 32 for the cooling tower 10. Each of the vertical columns 14 of the illustrated cooling towers are hollow. In the first embodiment, the columns have lengths of approximately 210 cm, although other lengths are possible. For example, a large cooling tower could be constructed with columns having lengths of approximately 250 cm, as in the embodiment of FIGURE 3. In the cross-section, each of the columns illustrated is square and 76 mm by 76 mm ( approximately 3 inches by 3 inches) in the outer dimension. The illustrated columns have side walls approximately 6 mm thick. It should be understood that the dimensions set forth in the foregoing are provided for purposes of illustration only and that the present invention is not limited to any particular length or width of the column or to any particular wall thickness. All columns 14 in the illustrated embodiment are made of pultruded reinforced fiber resin. Reinforced fibers may be glass, for example, although it should be understood that reinforced fibers other than glass may be used and may be within the scope of the invention. The reinforced fibers preferably include long ropes extending along the columns. Columns can also include various woven fiber materials, for example. A reinforced fiber combination is preferably placed as a laminate that produces the desired properties for the columns. As used herein, "fiber" and "reinforced fiber resin material" are intended to include resin materials with glass or other fiber, including such fibers in the form of continuous strand, continuous strand mat, woven mat , non-woven matting, and continuous fiber yarn combinations, including strands of twisted yarn and straight yarn, as well as other reinforced fiber forms suitable for use in pultrusion. The columns 14 can be produced by conventional pultrusion techniques. Pultrusion is a continuous molding process that uses fiber reinforced polyester, vinylester or other thermosetting resin. The reinforcing material is extracted through a bath of. resin, and the impregnated resin reinforcing material is pulled through a heated steel die. The resin / reinforced laminate solidifies in the shape of the die cavity when pulled by the pultrusion machine. The resin can be any conventional plastic or resin material, such as thermoset polyester resin, for example, and the term "resin" is intended to include all conventional matrix materials as well as late developing matrix materials. The columns can be made of fire resistant materials. Commercially available tubes can be used for the columns. The tubes should have at least two flat outer surfaces with sufficient flat surface areas to attach to the walls of the tower, as described in more detail in the following. It should be understood that the other structures can be used for the columns; for example, the columns could comprise angles, or they could be triangular or octagonal in the cross section. Some alternate column designs are illustrated in FIGURES 23-27. The materials selected for columns 14 must have characteristics that meet the design criteria for the cooling tower. Generally, when the columns 14 are joined to the walls 16 as described in the following, a rigid structure is created, and the columns 14 have a length of lateral bending or bending of zero. When joined to the columns 14, the walls 16 harden the columns 14; the walls 16 and the joined joints provide rigidity to the columns 14, and the columns 14 do not bend or flex laterally. The rigid structure can be characterized as a plate or sheet structure secured. In the illustrated modes the columns are spaced apart in a square footprint. The first cooling tower 10 has an outer dimension of approximately 150 cm. It should be understood that the cooling tower could be of different size and shape, such as a large cooling tower with a square footprint and the outer dimensions of approximately 340 cm. The columns 14 have four faces, and these faces provide four mounting surfaces, designated 34 in the accompanying drawings. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2-7, 11-13 and 18, two outer adjacent faces of each column are used as mounting surfaces to mount two walls to each column. In these embodiments, the mounting surfaces of each column have widths that extend substantially transverse to one dimension of the column; that is, the width of each mounting surface is approximately the same as the width of each face of the column. Thus, substantially the full width of each face of the column provides a mounting surface for the column. Each wall 16 extends between two columns 14 and includes a pair of parallel spaced edges 36. The edges 36 are substantially vertical, and each wall includes mounting surfaces 38 along the vertical edges. The mounting surface 38 along one edge of the wall and at least a portion of the mounting surface 34 of a column lies in a face-to-face relationship with the material bonded between the two facing mounting faces. The layer of bonding material is shown at 40 in FIGS. 11 and 21. The surfaces 34, 38 face-to-face mounted and the bonding material 40 define the joints 42: a first joint 42 comprises at least a portion of the surface 34 of mounting a column 14, the mounting surface 38 of a wall 16 and the joining material 40, with the mounting surfaces 34, 38 lie in a face-to-face relationship with the joining material 40 therebetween; and a second seal 42 comprises at least one mounting portion of the surface 34 of a second column 14, the opposing mounting surface 38 of the same wall, and the bonding material 40, the two surfaces 34, 38 mounted lie in a face-to-face relationship with the joining material 40 between them. With four columns and four walls, eight similar joints are formed, all designated 42 in the accompanying drawings. In the illustrated embodiment, the walls 16 and seams 42 extend downwardly from the upper portions 44 of the columns 14. Each seal 42 extends along a substantial portion of the length of each column. In the illustrated embodiments, each joint extends more than half the length of each column 14: for the smaller cooling tower, each joint 42 extends for 135 cm of the total length of the 210 cm column; for the large cooling tower, each joint 42 extends for approximately 140 cm of the total length of the column of approximately 250 cm. Each joint 42 also extends along the total length of both vertical edges 36 of each wall 16, and each mounting surface 38 of each wall 16 covers at least 16 a substantial part of the width of each mounting surface column 34. Preferably, each mounting surface 38 of each wall covers the total width of each mounting surface column 34. Thus, for a column having a width of 76 mm (approximately 3 inches), the area of each joint in the illustrated modes is 106,400 mm2 (1064 cm2). It is also the area of each mounting surface in each wall 16, and the area of the mounting surface column 34 that is used for these joints. The walls 16 discussed in the above are arranged on the air inlet openings 24 in the cooling towers, and form the upper walls of the illustrated cooling towers. The illustrated cooling towers also include four lower walls 46 spaced below the four upper walls 16. Each lower wall 46 extends between two columns 14 and includes a pair of spaced parallel edges 48. The edges 48 are substantially vertical, and each lower wall 46 includes surfaces 50 mounted along the vertical edges 48. The mounting surface 50 along each edge 48 of each lower wall 46 and at least a portion of the mounting surface 34 of each column 14 lies in a face-to-face relationship with the bonding material between two facing mounted surfaces. , in the same way as for the upper wall as illustrated in FIGURE 11, where the joining material is designated at 40. The joining surfaces 50, 34 for joining the lower walls and the columns 14 define eight together 51 similar inferiors. In the illustrated embodiments, the lower walls and the lower joints 51 extend upwards from the bottoms 52 of the columns 14. In the illustrated embodiments, each lower joint 51 extends an upward distance of approximately 460 mm, along the edge 48 full vertical of each wall 46, bottom. Thus for a column having a width of 76 mm, the area of each lower joint 51 in the illustrated embodiments is approximately 35,000 mm2 (350 cm2). This area also corresponds to the area of each lower wall mounting surface 50 and the portion of each mounting surface column 34 in the lower joints. Considering both the upper and lower joints for each column, the substantial portions of the full lengths of two mounting surfaces 34 of each column are joined together to form a joint. The unique parts of these mounting surfaces that are not part of a joint are those parts in the air inlet openings 24. The joint material 40 substantially covers the entire area of each upper seal 42 and lower seal 51. The joining material must be one that is impermeable when cured and that will bond to the mounting surface 34 of the columns 14 and the mounting surfaces 38, 50 of the upper and lower walls 16, 46. The bonding material may comprise, for example, an epoxy material such as "Magnobond 56-K-A &; B "or" Magnobond 62A &B "available from Magnolia Plastics of Chamblee, Ga. Magnobond 56 is a high strength epoxy resin and modified polyamide that cure the adhesive agent designed to bond the reinforced fiber resin panels to a wide Alternatively, a methacrylate adhesive could be used, such as structural and automotive methacrylates It is expected that other construction adhesives will take effect in the present invention For example, it may be desirable to use an adhesive that is provided in a It is intended that all of these and similar products are included within the term "bonding material" and the term "adhesive." Adhesives and bonding materials are identified only for illustration purposes, other adhesives or adhesives may be used. bonding materials and may be within the scope of the invention Generally, a generous application of bonding material may be desirable to ensure that an effective amount is present. The surface preparation of the mounting surfaces of the columns and walls is desirable: both surfaces can first be torn with a mechanical sander, then cleaned by rinsing with a cleaning solvent, such as Methyl Ethyl Ketone, (also known as "MEK"). "and Ethyl Methyl Ketone). The uncured bonding materials can then be applied to one or both of the mounting surfaces for each joint and then spread out with a flat spatula or scraper; preferably the uncured bonding material is applied to only one of the joint mounting surfaces of each joint, such as the mounting surfaces 38 of the top walls 16 for the top seals and the mounting surfaces 50 of the bottom walls 46 for lower joints 51. The joining assembly surfaces 34, 38 and 34, 50 can then be pressed together. The filled joint areas of the joint assembly surfaces 34, 38 and 34, 50 should be covered with bonding material when pressed together. The joining assembly surfaces 34, 38 and 34, 50 of the columns 14 and the walls 16, 46 must be kept in contact with the bonding material 40 in a close space up to the cures of the bonding materials. In the embodiments illustrated in FIGURES 2-7 and 18, the mechanical fasteners 56 extend through the attachment mounting surfaces 34, 38 and 34, 50 of the walls 16, 46 and the columns 14 to hold the surfaces 34. , 38 and 34, 50 of attachment assembly to the desired surface contact with the bonding material. A preferred mechanical fastener 56 is a compression fastener. Examples of suitable compression fasteners are "AVDEL Monobolt" 1/4"diameter compression fasteners and" AVDEL Avinos "compression clamps 3/16 inch in diameter, made of 304 stainless steel, and both available from Textronn Fasteners of Rydalmere, New South Wales, Australia. Such compression fasteners are illustrated in FIGURE 11. Compression fasteners operate similar to blind or bursting rivets, only they do not expand into the hole, but only on one side of the "hole." It should be understood that only fasteners are identified. for purposes of illustration, screws, nuts and bolts, and rivets could also be used, for example.In addition, it should be understood that only the particular compression fastener marks are identified for the purposes of illustration, other marks and types could be used. of compression fasteners also The mechanical fasteners 56 serve to support the construction load and dead load designed in the cooling tower until the bonding material 40 has cured, and becomes part of each joint after the material The cooling tower can be built without the structural benefit of the bonding material. The mechanical fasteners 56 also serve to provide an effect by clamping between the surfaces 34, 38 and 34, 50 of joint assembly to ensure still the thickness and the reach of the joining material. The columns and walls may have pre-drilled location holes for the mechanical fasteners. The use of the location holes correctly places the joint column and the structural components of the wall and manages to space the appropriate edge between the walls in the columns. After the bonding material has cured, the joints 42, 51 between the walls 16, 46 and the columns 14 are rigid. As used herein, the term "rigid joint" refers to a joint that joins the components so that the bonded components react to design live and dead charges as a single component. Generally, after the bonding material has been cured, the two mounting surfaces 34, 38 and 34, 50 of the splice assembly of the column and the walls, together with the cured bonding material 40, will deform in an identical fashion in the stresses at least above the designed loads. The tests described in more detail below illustrate that failure under the loads that have generally been through the failure of one of the components through delamination and lateral bending, particularly the wall itself, rather than through the failure of the board, confirming that the boards are rigid. For these tests, the load bearing stress of the joints was in excess of the anticipated loads for a cooling tower application. The amount, space and location of the mechanical fasteners may vary with the joint and anticipated stresses in the joint. Generally, since the mechanical fasteners ensure that the two mounting junction surfaces are in an optimum space and properly contacting the joint material without the holes, additional mechanical fasteners can be used at the critical joints. In addition, where it is desired to ensure that a firm seal of water is created, it may be desirable to use additional mechanical fasteners. Each wall 16, 46 of the cooling tower illustrated includes at least one panel 60 comprising reinforced sections 62 and integral connecting sections 64 extending between reinforced sections 62. In the embodiments illustrated in FIGURES 1-2, there are three panels 60 each forming the upper wall 16 and a single panel 60 each forming a lower wall 46. Each panel 60 has a pair of vertical spaced edges 66 defining the vertical edges 36, 48 of the lower and upper walls 16, 46. Each panel 60 is of the same structure, and the following description of a panel 60 must be understood to apply to all wall panels. It should also be understood that although the wall panels 60 are all identical in the personified FIGURES 1-2, it is not necessary for the panels to be identical. However, the use of identical wall panels adds to the production efficiency. It should also be understood that fewer or more panels may be combined in a wall. In the first two embodiments illustrated, each wall panel 60 has three reinforced sections 62 and two connecting sections 64, although it should be understood that each panel could have smaller or additional reinforcement or connection sections. As illustrated, each reinforced section 62 and each connecting section 64 extend horizontally across the panel, substantially from one vertical edge 66 to the other vertical edge 66 of the wall panel. The mounting surfaces 38, 50 of each wall 16, 46 extend along the two edges 66 of the panel, transects to the reinforced sections and connecting sections, and integral with the reinforced sections 62 and sections 64 of Connection. The mounting surface 38, 50 extends along the full vertical dimension of each edge of the panel, and lies in substantially the same plane. As discussed above, each mounting surface 38 or 50 of each panel is disposed in a face-to-face relationship with a portion of the mounting surface 34 of a column, and the bonding material 40 are disposed between the mounting surfaces of the columns and the panels for joining the columns and the panels together. As shown in FIGS. 11-12, the reinforced sections 62 and the connecting sections 64 may have internal surfaces 68 that are coplanar with the mounting surfaces of the panel. As shown in FIGS. 11-12, reinforced sections 62 of panels 60 may comprise box beams. In the embodiment of FIGURES 2-7 and 11-12, there are three box beams per panel 60, one beam 72 of upper box, one half beam 74 of box and one beam 76 of lower box. Each box beam is hollow, and has a substantially vertical internal surface 68, a substantially vertical exterior surface 78, an upper non-vertical surface 80 and a lower non-vertical surface 82. The non-vertical surfaces 80, 82 can be substantially horizontal, as illustrated. The internal vertical surfaces 68 of the box beams define the mounting surfaces 38, 50 for the box beam sections of the wall panels 60. The connecting sections 64 include an upper connecting network 63 extending between the middle box beam 74 and the upper box beam 72 and a lower connection network 65 extending between the middle box beam 74 and the beam 76 of lower box. Each of the upper and lower connecting networks 63, 65 comprises a solid network of material between the internal and external substantially parallel faces; each inner face is substantially co-planar with the vertical internal surfaces of the beams of the box, and is designated with the same reference numeral 68 in the drawings; each outer face of each connecting network is substantially vertical and designated 84 in the drawings. The internal faces 68 of the connection networks 63, 65 define the mounting surfaces of the panel connection networks 63, 65. The solid connection nets and the box beams are integral so that the mounting surfaces 38, 50 for the box beams extend above and below the upper and lower non-vertical surfaces 80, 82 of the middle box beam 74 , on the upper non-vertical surface 80 of the beam 76 of the lower case, and below the non-vertical lower surface 82 of the upper case beam 72. Thus, each panel could alternatively comprise a single box beam with mounting surfaces extending beyond the upper and lower beam surfaces 80, 82 so that the contact area for the joint between the beam and the column would exceed the end area of the single beam of the box. In the upper walls 16 of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 2-5, the three panels comprising each upper wall are joined together by adjoining adjacent box beams. As shown in FIGS. 11-12, the middle box beam 74 is substantially rectangular in cross section, and the upper and lower box beams 72, 76 are smaller and substantially square in cross section. As shown in FIGURES 4 and 11, the bottom box beam 76 of the top panel splices and joins the upper box beam 72 of the half panel, and the lower box beam 76 of the half panel splices and joins the beam 72 of upper box of lower panel. The bond is substantially at the length of the full lengths of the adjoining box beams, and substantially transverse the full width of the surfaces 80, 82 abutting these box beams. The bonding is achieved through the use of the bonding material of the type described herein. former spread on one of the joining surfaces of the beams of the box. The bonding material is generally shown at 86 in FIGURE 11. As shown in FIGURE 12, the non-vertical and abutting surfaces 80, 82 of the box beams 72, 76 have complementary protrusions 88 and indentations 90 for proper placement of the box beams before the, cures of the joining materials; the adjacent abutting surfaces of the adjacent panels define the tongue and groove joints. The upper and lower joining beams 72, 76 of the adjacent and adjacent panels define the composite beams; that is, the two joined beams act substantially as a single large beam. With the three panels thus joined together and attached to the columns, there is substantially no relative movement between the panels and the columns in the design loads. Before joining the adjacent beams 72, 76 together, the surfaces should be prepared as described above for the joints between the columns and the walls. The non-vertical 80, 85 surfaces should be dragged with paper sander or mechanical sander, cleaned with a solvent, and then the uncured bonding material should be applied and spread transverse from the non-vertical surfaces. The adhesive or bonding material may be the same as that used for the joints between the walls and the columns. Wall panels 60 are preferably made of fiber reinforced resin material by pultrudization of the entire structure, including box beams 72, 74, 76 and connecting sections 64 as a unit. The long fibers could be fixed for running horizontally along the connection sections 62, 64 and reinforced. They could be reinforced fabrics embedded concurrently in connection networks 63, 65, 65 and the box beams 72, 74, 16 during manufacturing to make the joints between the box beams 72, 74, 76 and the extremely strong, light weight and cost effective connecting fabrics 63, 65. As in the case of the columns, the fibers may comprise glass fibers or some alternative, and the resin material may comprise a thermoset polyester resin, for example. Alternatively, the separately formed box beams could be mounted on separately formed panels and joined with the bonding material or through a manually placed upstairs process using additional fiber and resin materials, although the strength of the panel may decrease while the weight and manufacturing cost may increase. An exemplary pultruded wall panel as illustrated in FIGURE 12 can have an overall height, excluding protrusions 88, of about 460 mm, for example. The upper and lower box beams 72, 76 may each have open internal dimensions of approximately 35 by 35 mm, excluding the indentation 90 in a beam. The middle box beam 74 can have open internal dimensions of 72 by 35 mm. The outer dimension of each box beam of the inner vertical surface 68 to the outer vertical surface 78 is approximately 40 mm. The height of each connecting net 63, 65 is approximately 155 mm, less the thickness of the walls of the box beams 72, 74, 76 above and below the connecting sections. The vertical exterior walls 92 of the box beams have thicknesses of approximately 2 mm, and the internal walls 94 have thicknesses of approximately 2 mm. The upper wall 96 and the lower wall 98 of the middle box beam 74 shines slightly towards the joints or joints 100 with the connecting networks 63, 65, with the upper and lower surfaces 80, 82 defining angles of approximately 3 ° with horizontal in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 11-12. Similarly, the upper wall 96 of the lower beam 76 and the lower wall 98 of the upper beam 72 shines slightly towards the joints or joints 100 with the connecting networks 63, 65, so that the lower surface 82 of the beam 72 upper and upper surface 80 of lower beam 76 each define an angle of approximately 3o with horizontal. All joints 100 are reinforced with additional fiber during pultrusion, and reinforced joints 100 extend approximately 10 mm in connection networks 63, 65 at each joint. The connecting networks 63, 65 have thicknesses of 2.75 mm between the joints. The upper wall of the upper box beam 72 with the protrusion 88 is 3 mm thick, and the protrusiop 88 itself is 3 mm thick. The bottom wall of the lower box beam 76 with the indentation 90 is 3 mm thick, except for the indentation 90. The upper surface 80 of the upper box beam 72 and the lower surface 82 of the lower box beam 76 they are substantially horizontal, except for indentation and protrusion, so mating surfaces exist for the bonding material. It should be understood that the dimensions and angles identified in the foregoing are provided for purposes of illustration, and that the invention is not limited to any particular dimension or angle. As illustrated in FIGS. 1-7, the outer vertical walls 92 at the ends 106 of the box beams 72, 74, 76 in the columns 14 can be chamfered to simplify the placement of the compression fasteners 56 by constructing the cooling tower. However, the outer vertical walls 92 of the box beams need not be beveled, but the full horizontal dimensions of the wall could be extended. For such as the structure, it may be necessary to use long mechanical fasteners at the ends of the beams, extending through the spacer to the hollow portion of the beam, for example. An alternative wall panel structure is illustrated in FIGURE 21. As shown, the reinforced sections 62 of the wall panels may comprise L-shaped or Z-shaped angles or ribs 108 extending outside a flat panel 110. The rods could be made integral with the flat panel or they could then be joined to a panel previously made using the same joining material and joining by the procedure described in the above, with compression fasteners, shown at 220 in FIG. 21. Each wall 46 lower in the illustrated embodiment comprises a single single wall panel on each of the four sides of the structure. In the illustrated embodiment, each panel for each lower wall 46 has reinforced sections 62 and sections 64 such as those in the panels for the upper walls 16. It should be understood that the wall panels need not be the same for the upper and lower walls. In addition, the panel or panels defining a wall may be different from the panel or panels that define another wall. The cooling towers illustrated in FIGURES 1-3 are counterflow cooling towers, and the upper and lower walls 16, 46 are spaced apart to define the inlet air openings 24 between the upper walls 16 and the lower walls 46 on all sides of the tower. cooling. In the first illustrated embodiment, the air inlet openings are approximately 30 cm high, and may be large for a large cooling tower, such as 65 cm, for example for the cooling tower of FIGURE 3. it is understood that these dimensions are only provided for purposes of illustration, and that the invention is not limited to any particular dimension. In addition, although the embodiments illustrated in FIGURES 1-3 are counter-flow cooling towers, the principles of the present invention could be applied to transverse flow designs, for example.

The evaporative liquid distribution system 18 of the illustrated cooling towers includes a plurality of sprinkler bifurcation supports 120, sprinkler bifurcations 122, nozzles 124, a feed box 126, and a supply line. The supply line, shown at 125 in FIGURES 2-3, connects the feed box 126 to the evaporative liquid source. The feed box 126 extends substantially along the length of an upper wall 16 of the cooling tower. The feed box 126 is preferably made of stainless steel. It can be attached directly to the wall of the cooling tower with joining material and mechanical fasteners, or it can be supported in other more conventional ways, such as by flanges mounted on the wall 16. The feed box 126 has a plurality of holes 130 spaced apart along the wall 132 facing the interior of the cooling tower. As shown in FIGURE 9, each of the sprinkler bifurcations 122 of the evaporative liquid distribution system 18 connects the feed box 126 through one of the holes 130. The sprinkler bifurcations 122 extend perpendicularly out of the box 126 feed to the opposite upper wall of the cooling tower, where the ends of the sprinkler bifurcations 122 are closed and sealed with end caps 133. Each sprinkler branch 122 has a plurality of spacing, nozzles 124 descendingly directed. Spray bifurcations 122 comprise PVC pressure tube of either 3 or 4 inches in diameter in the illustrated embodiment, although it should be understood that other material and material sizes may be used. Each spray bifurcation 122 also extends through two sprinkler bifurcation supports 120. Each spray bifurcation support is similar in construction, and only one will be described; it should be understood that this description applies to all spraying bifurcation supports. Each spray bifurcation support 120 is preferably made of stainless steel, and has closed ends, one of which is shown at 134 in FIGURE 10. As shown in FIGURE 10, the spray bifurcation support 120 has a surface 136 extending through the support and the openings 138 spaced along the length of the support. Each opening 138 in the illustrated embodiment comprises a rectangular opening. A spray bifurcation 122 extends through each opening 138 and is supported within the opening. The spray bifurcation support 120 can be made of a length of sheet metal, with the top edge folded over to form top surface 136 and with three side cuts made in the sheet and folded along the edge of the four sides to define the ridges 140 in each opening to support the sprinkling branch tube. The ends can be bent along the vertical edges and have holes for receiving the mechanical fasteners to connect the ends of the support to a wall of the cooling tower. The ends can be joined to the walls of the cooling tower with the same epoxy used for the joints between the walls and the columns, or with some other bonding material. Spray supports could also be supported by mechanical fasteners without bonding material. In the illustrated embodiments, there are two spray stands per tower, with one support burning sprayed every 5 feet, and with one foot protruding at one end, the other end of each spray bifurcation being supported by the feeding box 126. The number and spacing of the spraying supports are provided only for purposes of illustration, and the invention is not limited to the embodiments illustrated. The upper surfaces 136 of the spray supports serve as supports for the bypass eliminators for the cooling tower. The branch eliminators are shown at 142 in FIGURES 2 and 3. The branch eliminators 142 may comprise a normal assembly known in the art, such as layers of angled grooves to form a zig-zag path, or vanes in the form of airfoil spaced apart, to allow air to flow up through the bypass eliminator while preventing water flow. In the illustrated embodiments, hot liquid, such as water, is received from an external heat exchanger system, such as an electric generating plant, processing plant or air conditioning system, and is delivered through the supply tube, shown in FIG. 125 in FIGURES 2-3, to the power box 126. From the feed box 126 the hot liquid flows in the sprinkler bifurcations 122. The hot liquid flows through the sprinkler bifurcations 122 in the nozzles 124, where the hot liquid is spread over the heat exchange medium. The spray liquid then falls into the heat exchange medium under the evaporative liquid distribution system 18 and drips or flows through the heat exchange medium. The evaporative liquid contacts the backflow of air in the heat exchange medium, and the evaporative liquid cools. If the heat exchanger material includes a bundle of tubes, the evaporative liquid also changes the heat indirectly with the fluid carrying process inside the tubes. The heat exchanger medium 20 of the cooling tower illustrated comprises filling material. The filling material may comprise a light filler, such as filler made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), for example. In the illustrated embodiment, the generally multiple corrugated vertical sheets of polyvinyl chloride are used as the filler material. The commercially available filling material can be used. Other materials could be used too. For example, splatter boards or other material could be used as the heat exchanger means. The open cell clay tile can be used, as well as the open cell PVC material. The heat exchanger means could also comprise a winding system if the cooling tower will be used for indirect heat exchange, or if the structure will be used for a condenser. The above heat exchange materials are identified for purposes of illustration, and the invention is not limited to any particular type of heat transfer material. Furthermore, as discussed in the above, the invention is not limited to cooling towers, but can be applied to other heat exchangers, such as evaporative condensers, as well. The filling material in the illustrated embodiment is supported on a pair of filler supports 150. The two filler supports are substantially the same, and only one will be described; it should be understood that the description also applies to the other padding support. As shown in FIGURE 8, each padding support 150 comprises an elongated channel 152 and two vertical squeeze 154. The channel 152 is very long so that the filler support can extend a transverse dimension of the tower, from a top wall to an opposite top wall. In the illustrated embodiment, the channel 152 is connected at its ends to the vertical tighteners 154. The channel and the vertical squeegees are both made of stainless steel and are connected by welding. The channel 152 is oriented with its legs facing downwards for drainage and resistance, and extends continuously from one squeeze to the other. The squeegees 154 comprise flat plates with holes for receiving the mechanical fasteners. Each squeegee mounts to a wall. The squeegees are assembled by applying uncured bonding material to one side of the squeegee, placing the squeegee against the inner surface of a wall panel, and inserting the mechanical fasteners, preferably the compression clips, through the squeegee and the wall . The bonding material can be the same epoxy used to create the joints between the wall panels and the columns. The compression clips hold the wall together and tighten together while the epoxy cures and provides sufficient structural strength to support the weight of the filler bracket and fill until the epoxy cures to provide a rigid connection between the filler bracket and the wall. Generally, the filler supports can be spaced approximately 5 feet apart, with two foot lugs for the PVC filler material. The number and spacing of the filler supports are provided for illustration only, and the invention is not limited to the illustrated filler support system. From the heat transfer means 20, the cooling evaporative liquid drips down from the vessel 22 below the air inlet openings 24 of the cooling tower. The cooled evaporative liquid can then flow through an outlet, shown at 161 in FIGS. 6 and 22, and pumped or otherwise withdrawn and re-circulated through the evaporative liquid distributor system 18 or through the exchanger system of the evaporator. external heat. As shown in FIGS. 2-3 and 6-7, the first illustrated vessel has two sections 160 of floors inclined toward a central lower area 162. In the embodiments of FIGURES 2-3 and 6-7, the low area 162 comprises the V-joint of the sloped floor sections 160. The solids or impurities in the evaporative liquid cooled in the vessel 22 will establish in the lower area or point 162. From the low area or point 162, the solids or impurity may be removed through a drain, shown at 163 in FIGURES 2- 3, 6-7 and 22. Each section 160 of the inclination floor of the illustrated embodiment is defined by three floor panels, designated 164 and 166 in FIGS. 6-7. Depending on the size of the vessel, one or more of the floor panels 164 may have the same structure as the wall panels 60, with three reinforced sections 62 and the connecting sections 64 connecting the reinforced sections 62, and made by pultrusion . The other two form floor panels 166 each have a similar structure, and are also made by pultrusion. Each of these floor panels 166 has four box beams that strengthen the sections 168 joined by three connection sections 170. These two floor panels 166 are the same, and only one will be described; it should be understood that the description also applies to the other of these two floor panels. A test of the floor panel 166 is shown in FIGURE 13. As shown there, the four reinforcement sections 168 of the box beam are all hollow, with internal dimensions of approximately 35 mm by 35 mm. -The connection sections 170 of both panels are solid, each one has a thickness of approximately 3 mm. The outer walls of the connecting box beams attached to the connecting sections 170 flash out slightly and the joints 172 between these walls of the box beams and the connecting sections are a little thickened to strengthen the joints of the beams of box and connection sections. These thickened and flashed areas can be defined by reinforced material embedded concurrently in the connecting section and the beam section during fabrication. This makes the joint between the sections of the beam and the connection sections extremely strong, lightweight and cost effective. It should be understood that the above dimensions are provided only for purposes of illustration, and that the invention is not limited to any particular dimension. Strengthened box beam sections 168 of these floor panels 166 may have complementary indentations 174 and protrusions 176 such as those in wall panels 60. The dimensions and angles for the walls may be similar to those described above for the wall panels 60. As can be seen from a comparison of FIGURES 12 and 13, the height of the floor panel of FIGURE 13 is greater than the height of the floor panel of FIGURE 12. The use of various combinations of these two panel shapes must produce an adequate variety of vessel widths. It should be understood that it may be possible to make each of floor section 160 with all types of panels, either of the type shown in FIGURE 12 or the type shown in FIGURE 13, or with various combinations in these types of panels, depending on the desired dimensions for the vessel. Regardless of which type or combination of panel types are selected for each floor section 160, all floor panels are preferably joined together with the bonding material between the surfaces of the adjacent beam. The sufficient joint material should also be used to seal the seams or seams between the panels, shown at 178 in FIGS. 6-7, so that the floor sections 160 are of strong water. The protrusions and indentations 176, 174 or 88, 90 provide exact bonding of the panels. The connections between the adjoining panels are preferably joined with the same epoxy used for the other joints of the cooling tower and use the same manner of preparation of the surface. Sufficient bonding material should be used so that the joints between the panels are sealed to prevent leakage. In the embodiments of FIGS. 6-7, the two floor sections 160 are joined by an elongated keel 180, as shown in FIGURE 16. As shown in FIGURE 17, the keel 180 comprises angulated upper walls 182 and walls 184 elongate bottoms joined by a straight vertical central wall 186. In the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 2-3, 6-7 and 16, the center of the keel along the straight central wall 186, at the linear intersection 187 of the two upper walls 182 are horizontal, and define point 162 under the vessel by the water collection; the inclined upper and lower walls 182, 184 define the angle of inclination for the floor sections 160. In the illustrated embodiment, the upper and lower keel walls 182, 184 are both inclined about 10 ° from the horizontal, with the two keel walls 182, 184 tilting upwardly of the wall 186 of the vertical center keel. As shown in FIGURE 16, a floor section 160 is received between the upper and lower keel walls 182, 184 on one side of the straight central keel wall 186 and the other floor section 160 is received between the walls 182, 184 of upper and lower keel on the other side of wall 186 of straight central keel. The distance between the inner surfaces of the upper and lower keel walls 182, 184 are large enough to receive the box beams of the floor sections, approximately 40 mm in the illustrated embodiment. The connections between the floor sections 160 and the keel 180 are preferably joined with the same epoxy used for the other joints. Sufficient bonding material should be used so that the joints between the keel and the floor sections are sealed to prevent leakage. The preparation of the surface can be as described above for other joined joints. The vessel 22 also includes an elongated edge piece 190 along the opposite dimension of each floor section 160. As shown in FIGURES 14-15, each edge piece 190 comprising upper and lower walls 192, 194 joined by a side wall 196. Each upper and lower wall 192, 194 define an angle of approximately 10 ° with the horizontal, and the lateral wall 196 is substantially vertical. An edge of the floor section opposite the keel 180 is received between the upper and lower walls 192, 194 of the edge piece 190. The upper surface of the floor section is adapted against the inner surface of the upper wall 192, and the opposite surfaces of the box beam 168 fit against the inner surface of the lower wall 194, with the bonding material between the surfaces . The bonding material may be the same material used for the other joints, and a sufficient amount is preferably used to create a firm water joint. The preparation of the surface can be as for other joints joined. As shown in FIGS. 6-7, each edge piece 190 abuts one of the lower walls 46 of the cooling tower. Preferably, the joint includes bonding material between the vertical side wall 196 and the inner surface 68 of the lower wall 46 in an amount sufficient to create a firm water seal. Firm water similar joints are in the joints of the edge pieces 190 and the columns 14. Compression fasteners can be used to make the initial connections between the floor section assemblies and the bottom walls of the cooling tower, ensure that the appropriate space is maintained as the sets of bonding material. The edges of the end floor panels of each floor section 160 can also be joined to the adjacent lower wall 46 to create a firm water seal, along the lines shown at 198 in FIGS. 6-7. The same epoxy used for the other joints can be used for this seal. Compression fasteners can be used, and the surface preparation can also be as described above for other joint joints. Both of the edge piece 190 and the keel 180 illustrated comprise reinforced fiber resin material, and is preferably pultruded. The intersection 187 of the upper walls 182 of the keel 180 can define a surface or a line. The intersection 187 can be substantially horizontal in such a case that the entire intersection 187 defines the low point 162 of the vessel. The intersection of the vertical wall 196 and the upper wall 192 of the edge piece 190, shown at 197 in FIGS. 6-7 and 14-15, may also be substantially horizontal. Alternatively, the floor sections 160 that can be mounted so that the intersection of the keel 187 is tilted toward a single location at one end defining the low point 162. Drain 163 would be located in that single location. The intersecting edge part 190 would also be biased parallel to the inclination of the keel intersection 187. The keel could have other designs too; for example, the two upper walls 182 can have double inclinations, not only can they lean toward the intersection 187 between them but can also tilt toward a low point at a single location. An alternate design for a vessel is shown in FIGURE 22. In that embodiment, there is no keel. In contrast, the floor panels 164 slope toward a low point 162 along one of the lower walls 46 and the raised point is long to the opposite lower wall 46. The edge intersecting piece 197 in the lower edge part 190 defines the low point 162. The low point 162 may comprise a line if the edge piece 190 is fixed horizontally, or may comprise a point at one end of the edge piece if the edge piece 190 is positioned to be inclined towards one end. Drain 163 and outlet 161 of evaporative liquid is at point 162 low. The illustrated designs of the vessel 22 for the cooling tower are particularly advantageous. Not only do they make the designs of the vessel accept an inclined floor for the drainage of the cooling liquid received from the heat exchanger means, but the columns can still be supported on a flat surface, as shown in FIGURES 2-3. In addition, instead of a structure disposed above or molded in a traditional manner, the vessel 22 of the present invention is made of pultruded components that can be easily shipped as parts and can be assembled at the site. It should be understood that although the illustrated vessel designs are advantageous, the other features of the cooling tower may be used with other vessel designs, and the invention is not limited to a particular vessel design unless it is expressly stated in The claims. In addition, the illustrated vessel designs could also find potential use with another designed heat exchanger, and the invention is not limited to a particular heat exchanger frame design unless expressly stated in the claims. To cool the liquid before it reaches the vessel, the illustrated cooling tower uses the fan 26 to extract air at the inlet of the air inlet openings 24 between the upper walls 16 and the lower walls 46. The induced air design travels upwardly through the heat exchanger means 20 and continues upwards through the bypass eliminators 142, in the fan 26. The fan is surrounded by the cover 30 which is open to its top as an outlet for the air project to the surrounding environment. The coating 30 can be made of reinforced fiber resin material in a conventional manner and assembled on top of the roof cover 32. The fan 26 is of a conventional blade type. The fan 26 is mounted on a shaft held in a support assembly in a support frame 200. The fan shaft is directed by drive mechanism 202, such as a belt drive which is driven by motor 28. Cover 30, roof cover 32, fan 26 and motor 28 can be of any conventional design. In the illustrated embodiment, the roof covering 32 and the covering 30 comprise four reinforced resin segments of molded fiber which are bonded and supported on the top 44 of the four columns 14. Other structures may also be used; For example, a roof covering or covering could be made in one piece, two pieces, three pieces, or more than four pieces. The mechanical equipment that is the motor 28 and shaft support and assembly 200, are supported in the manner illustrated by two spaced parallel horizontal members 204 (one shown in FIGURES 2-3) which carries productive supports by the pressure and the shaft of assembly 200 and a support for the motor 28. The ends of the horizontal members 204 extend through the openings in the fan cover 30 and rest on the flanges in the roof cover 32. The cooling tower may have other features too. For example, as is conventional, a ladder (not shown) can be maintained along one side of the tower access to the engine 28 and the fan 26 and the roof cover 32. In some cases, it may be desirable to provide an access door to access the interior of the cooling tower. To allow for such an access door, or to provide additional support to the roof deck, the cooling tower may include one or more beams between the columns. As shown in FIGURE 18, the beams 210 can be joined to the columns 14 with mounting members 212 that extend over and joins the beam 210 and the column 14 with the same bonding material used for the other joints, and With mechanical fasteners carry the load to the bonding material you have established and to position the surfaces to be properly joined. The mounting members 212 may comprise flat plates as illustrated in FIGURE 19, or may comprise three more complex dimensional structures as illustrated in FIGURE 20. The mounting members 212 may be made of stainless steel, such as 12 gauge stainless steel , or it can be made of reinforced fiber resin material. If made of reinforced fiber resin material, the elongated fibers can be used in place of the staple fibers, with the fibers oriented, to run horizontally when the mounting members 212 are attached to the columns 14 and beam 210. mounting members 212 may have pre-drilled holes 214 for the mechanical fasteners. The wall panels 60 and the floor panels 164, 166 can be long pultruded and then cut to the desired length by the design of the particular cooling tower, and then the location of the holes for the compression fasteners can be be pre-punched. For ease of shipment, the components can be shipped as a team in a ready-to-assemble form with fasteners and joining material for on-site assembly. The assembly is as described above, with the preparation of the surface and the application of the uncured connection material to the joints and the insertion of the compression fasteners. The compression fasteners will carry the load until the bonding material has cured. The epoxy material identified in the above will generally achieve 80% of its resistance within periods of 2 to 4 hours, and will generally reach full strength within a period of 28 to 48 hours. These times may vary due to the conditions of the specific installation. Tests have been performed on joints 42 and 51 between the columns and walls of the type illustrated in FIGS. 4-6. In these walls, the reinforced rods 108 were formed integral with the connecting sections 64, as shown in FIGURE 21. Compression fasteners 220 were used to hold the wall panels against the columns to the set of bonding material. The number of compression fasteners 220 used varied from a total of 18 to a total of 30. In a test, 30 - 4.8 mm (3/16 inches) aluminum rivets were used in place of the compression fasteners. The wall had a width of 300 mm and a height of 1,435 mm. For two of the tests, the walls were joined in two columns of 75 mm in square hollow section, each one has a length of 1,930 mm. The surface area for the joint along each face of the square column was 100,435 mm2. In the third test, with the aluminum rivets, the wall was joined to two long fiberglass angles with 75mm legs. In the third test, the area of the bonding surface adhered was 103,320 mm2. In the third test, the angles were more flexible than the square columns, and the surfaces that define the wall were not sanded before joining. In the test, a square column or angle was fixed on a frame of a test machine, with the bottom end of the square column or angle resting on a cross member of the frame of the test machine. The other square column or angle were not supported at its bottom end, and a load was applied at its upper end. The test structures were not restrained on the other hand. The main load of the walls was one of the vertical shear, although some bends and kinks occurred at the highest loads. The increased load was applied under the control of the slow deformation, and continued beyond the point at which the peak load occurred. The deformation was measured as the vertical translation or deviation of the actuator. In both of the first and second tests, the failure was by delamination of the reinforced rods 108 instead of through the failure of the joints joined with the square columns. The load of the peak for the main test was 103 kN, creating a vertical deviation of 11 mm, resulting in an average shear stress between the wall and the outer column of 1.03 MPa (149 psi) at the peak load. The light twist was observed at 58 kN. The peak load for the second test was 83.4 kN in a 12.5 mm actuator deflection. The average shear stress at the joint between the wall and the outer column was 0.83 MPa (120 psi) at the peak load. Twist and light dedylation were visible at 70 kN. The displacement of the twist reached 30 mm at the lower end of the columns at 80 kN. Failure at 83.4 kN was located at the edge of the bottom of the wall, by declaring the 3 lower reinforced rods, with some localized desquamation of the wall from the column to the same lower corner. In the third test, the strong twist was evident from the beginning of the load, increasing to very high levels without any general failure. The peak load was 36.3 kN, although the failure was smaller and favorably located between the leg of the angle and the wall. The average shear stress at the outer joint between the angle and the wall was 0.35 MPa (51 psi) at the peak load maintained by the panel. Since the typical design shear loads at the joints between the columns and the walls may be in the order of 1.0 MPa per wind or 0.6 MPa, for other live loads such as earthquake loads, even the appropriate safety factors, such joints between the columns and walls must meet design criteria. In addition, the preferred wall panels, with sections 62 of integrally pultruded strength and connecting sections 64 and with strengthening sections of box beams, must have greater strength than the tested wall panels, allow even greater design flexibility. It should be understood that as he used in the present, a "column" need not be of a four-sided structure. As used in the claims, a column may comprise a right angle member or a right channel member, for example. Examples of alternative column designs are illustrated in FIGS. 23-27. As shown in FIGURE 23, each column 14 could comprise a pultruded structure with channels 230 between the legs 232 to receive the wall panel 60, with the inner surface of one of the legs comprising the surface mount 34 of the column. And instead of the mechanical fasteners, a temporary wedge 234 could be used to hold the surface mount 34, in an appropriate position up to the joining material sets. The columns 14 could remove ridges 236 defining the surface mount 34, as shown in FIGURE 24. The columns could make grooves238 that define the surface mount 34, or by providing two mounting surfaces, be joined to one or two mounting surface 38, 50 of the panel wall 60, as shown in FIGURE 25. As shown in FIGURE 26, the panel wall 60 and column 14 may have checkmate to indentation 240 and protrusions 242 for twisting force, or column 14 and "the wall form panels 60 could have indentation 240, 241 with an elongated shear and seal member 244 received in indentation 240, 241. If a member of the angle is used for column 14, as shown in Fl <;;; . 27, the wall panel 60 could be attached to an interior surface of the angle member, with the interior surface serving as a mounting surface 34 of the column. Thus, the surface mount 34 of the columns 14 may be outside the surfaces, but may also be within the surfaces. In each of the embodiments of FIGURES 23-27, joining material would be arranged between the joining assembly surfaces 34, 38, 50 creating rigid joints and the rigid structures as described above. The same types of mechanical fasteners described above, and the same surface preparation, can be used. As shown in FIGURE 28, heat exchangers could be made with one or more additional columns 14 between the columns of the corner. As shown, each half column could be attached to the ends of two wall form panels 60. The middle column could also be attached to a single continuous wall panel that extends from one end column to the other end column. While only specific embodiments of the invention have been described and have been shown, it is clear that various alternatives and modifications thereto can be made, and that part of the invention can be used without using the complete invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that certain modifications can be made in these illustrative modalities. It is the intent in the add-ons to cover all such modifications and alternatives as may fall within the true scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. CLAIMS 1. A heat exchanger characterized in that it comprises: a plurality of structural members made of a reinforced fiber resin material, structural members include a plurality of substantially vertical columns and a plurality of walls, the columns being spaced apart and including surfaces and having lengths, each wall extending between two columns and including a pair of substantially parallel vertical edges spaced apart with a mounting surface along each edge; a first joint comprising at least a portion of the mounting surface of a column, the mounting surface of a wall, and a joining material, the two mounting surfaces, resting in a face-to-face relationship with the material of union between them, the mounting face face to face mounting and the joint material of the first joint extending along a substantial part of the length of the column; a second gasket comprising at least a portion of the mounting surface of a second column, the opposite mounting surface of a wall, and a joining material, the two mounting surfaces resting in a face-to-face relationship with the material joining together, the face-to-face mounting surfaces and the bonding material of the second joint extending along a substantial portion of the length of the second column; and a heat exchange medium within the heat exchanger; where the first and second joints have design load capacities at least as large as the anticipated loads in the first and second joints. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second gaskets also include mechanical fasteners that extend through the wall mounting surfaces and columns and where each mounting surface of each column has a width that extends substantially through a dimension of the column and wherein each wall mounting surface covers at least a substantial part of the width in each mounting surface column. 3. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that each wall includes: a first panel comprising a pair of reinforced sections and an integral connection section extending between the reinforced sections, the wall mounting surfaces include portions of the reinforced sections and portions of the connecting sections of the first panel; a second panel comprising a pair of reinforced sections and an integral connecting section extending between the reinforced sections, the mounting surfaces of the wall including portions of the reinforced sections and the connecting section of the second panel, wherein a Reinforced section of the second panel confronts a reinforced first panel section; and the joining material between the confronted reinforced sections of the first and second panels for joining the first and second panels into an integral structure with substantially non-relative movement between the panels in the design loads. 4. The evaporative heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that the confronted reinforced sections have complementary projections and indentations. 5. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that each wall includes at least one panel having: a substantially horizontal half beam, a substantially horizontal upper beam, a substantially horizontal lower beam, an upper connecting network that it extends between the middle beam and the upper beam and a lower connecting net extending between the middle beam and the lower beam, each beam having non-vertical upper and lower surfaces and substantially vertical inner and outer surfaces, each connection network having an internal surface, the internal surfaces of networks and connecting beams being coplanar to the ends of the wall. 6. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, further characterized in that it comprises evaporative liquid distribution system for distributing evaporative liquid inside the heat exchanger above the heat exchange medium, a vessel placed under the heat exchanger medium to receive evaporative liquid, and supports attached to at least two walls to support the heat exchange means at a vertical level on the vessel, the heat exchanger further includes an air inlet below the at least one wall and above. the vessel, the heat exchanger further includes a plurality of walls surrounding the vessel and attaching to the columns below the level of the air inlet, the first and second joints being above the level of the air inlet. 7. An evaporative heat exchanger characterized in that it comprises: an evaporative liquid distribution system for distributing evaporative liquid within the evaporative heat exchanger; a heat exchanger medium within the evaporative heat exchanger heats and colcoded to receive evaporative liquid from the evaporative liquid distribution system; and a vessel positioned to receive the evaporative liquid from the heat exchange means, the vessel comprises an inclined floor that includes a vessel floor panel made of pultruded reinforced fiber resin material. 8. The evaporative heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterized in that the vessel has a second vessel floor panel that meets the first floor panel inclined at a low point, the second floor panel having a surface inclined disposed below the heat exchange material and resting in plane intersecting the plane of the inclined surface of the first vessel floor panel, the evaporative heat exchanger further comprises a keel member attached to the two vessel floor panels , the keel member joining the two vessel floor panels and defining the low point of the vessel so that the evaporative liquid received in the flows from the vessel to the keel member. The evaporative heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterized in that the vessel floor panel includes reinforced sections and a connecting section extending between the reinforced sections, the reinforced sections comprising - hollow box beams and the section of connection comprise a solid network. 10. The heat exchanger according to claim 7, further characterized in that it comprises a drain and an outlet at the low point of the inclined floor. SUMMARY A heat exchanger is described. The heat exchanger has structural members made of reinforced fiber resin material, these structural members include vertical columns and walls. The walls are attached to the columns to create rigid joints. The joined joints have large surface areas, the walls are defined by individual panels that can be joined together along the horizontal confronted box beam sections. The panels have additional box beams to resist the panels, and connect the networks that extend between the box beam sections. Both of the box beam sections and the connection networks are attached to the columns. Mechanical fasteners are used to hold the walls and columns together until the bonding material is cured. The heat exchanger is an evaporative heat exchanger with a vessel with an inclined floor that has a low point. The sloping floor can be made of panels joined together. The panels are similar in structure to the wall panels, although the box beams can be of different sizes. All panels and columns are made by pultrución. The evaporative heat exchanger also includes an evaporative liquid distribution system, and a heat exchange medium and a fan, the evaporative liquid system includes a stainless steel feed box which is connected to a group of sprinkler bifurcations. The sprinkler bifurcations are supported by stainless steel supports that also support the bypass eliminators. The heat exchange medium is supported by stainless steel supports.