MXPA00000262A - Multipolar breaker assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

A multi-pole breaker assembly (1) and a method for operating distribution systems (51) for primary stations that include said assemblies (1) allow to arrange metallic bays (2) for said assemblies (1) with reduced transversal dimensions, thus realizing modular and compact distribution system (51), suitable for transportable solutions, said multi-pole breaker assembly (1) comprising breakers (4a, 4b, 4c) having a respective insulating feed through (29) developing along the median axis (A, B, C) thereof, wherein said breakers (4a, 4b, 4c) are arranged thereby the external terminals (30, 31) thereof being arranged onto a rectilinear pathway substantially parallel to the median axis (A, B, C) of said breakers (4a, 4b, 4c), and comprising means for translating (44) said breakers (4a, 4b, 4c) according to a direction having a main component substantially parallel to said median axes (A, B, C) to carry out and remove said line disconnection.

Description

MULTIPLE POLES SWITCH ASSEMBLY BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the invention The present invention relates to, in general, a set of multi-pole switches, of the type adopted within the field of the so-called medium voltage distribution system for the primary stations. The present invention also relates to a method for operating a medium voltage distribution system, in particular for primary stations, which includes at least one set of multi-pole switches. In particular, said set of multi-pole switches is of the type comprising switches, each having an isolation box that develops along a prevailing direction thereof, forming the average axis of each switch, the axes half of the switches of said assembly being substantially parallel to each other, said switches being able to move with respect to the external contact of the respective input and output to carry out an on-line disconnection. 2. Description of the prior art. The term multi-pole switch assembly is used to indicate an electrical apparatus that performs the switch function, i.e., the interruption, and forms an electrical circuit, in the presence of the normal operating current as well as in the presence of the short circuit current. Furthermore, by moving said switches the disconnection of the network connected to it also performs, for example, the disconnection of the medium voltage lines that leave a primary station. This type of apparatus, within the scale of the average voltage, so-called, (1-52 kV), uses switches that include a fixed internal contact and a mobile internal contact, capable of interacting with each other in order to open and close the circuit. Both internal contacts are connected with the appropriate input and the output bus bars, to the respective external terminals usually disposed at the ends of the insulation box. The assemblies of the specific type can use a wide scale of switches that are distinguished between them by their structure and by the dielectric means involved, where said internal contacts are submerged, which perform the function of cutting the electric discharge that forms when a current circulates in them. The most common medium voltage switches are of the following type: with reduced oil; with air, so-called magnetic blow switches; and with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). A few years ago, and with some success, switches were introduced where the separation of the internal contacts takes place in a vacuum, ie the so-called vacuum bottle switches. This last type of switches is particularly compact, lightweight, and allows a reduction in the sizes of the distribution systems. This reduction could lead to obvious advantages in terms of cost effectiveness, allowing the realization of the aforementioned distribution system in a transportable solution and allowing its use in primary stations, either in emergency situations or in stationary installations. In a distribution system, a set of multi-pole switches comprises a metal wall barrier, where it is normally housed, and this forms a class of cells or modules of said distribution system. The electrical insulation between the metal walls and each switch is ensured by the distance in the air that separates the two components, and there are specific rules to provide certain isolation distances in air for the electrical equipment that are therefore called air insulated , precisely to avoid the sizzling of the surprising electric arcs between the components, possibly in case of overvoltages. Obviously, such minimum isolation distances must be maintained despite the position of the switches that, as mentioned before, they move to operate the steps of connecting or disconnecting the line. Having to maintain these minimum distances, the known multi-pole switch assemblies do not allow, in said positions, to reduce the transverse dimensions of said barriers of the assemblies that would allow, for example, the creation of the standard modules of the distribution system, forming a transportable structure, suitable for several uses as a transportable medium voltage section for primary stations. As an important fact, such sets can mainly be divided into two different categories. Within the first category, the multi-pole switch assemblies can be found within the positions of the connection and the disconnection of the line is carried out with a horizontal translation movement, that is, perpendicular to said middle axes. This type of sets has transversal dimensions that must take into account the moved positions of the set of switches. In the second category can be found sets where the switches are rotated, instead of moving, around an axis of rotation substantially perpendicular to said middle axes. This rotation, which has to take place inside a space internal to the barrier, does not allow to optimize the sizes of the last one, particularly in width. A set of this type is described, for example, in European Patent No. 0,543,683. 3. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The technical problem facing the present invention is that the provision of a set of switches of multiple poles in such a way to overcome the drawbacks mentioned with reference to the prior art, optimizing the dimensions of the assemblies and of the barrier of them. This problem is solved by means of a set of multi-pole switches as specified above, further comprising means for moving said switches according to an address having a main component substantially parallel to said middle axes, to operate the line connection. and the disconnection of the line, said middle axes being substantially vertical and substantially horizontal on a vertical plane half perpendicular to said busbars. The present invention further relates to a method for operating medium voltage distribution systems by primary stations incorporating at least one set of multi pole switches as specified above, comprising the steps of: * arranging said switches so that the external terminals thereof are arranged on a rectilinear path, substantially parallel to the average axes of said switches, intersecting the respective external input and output contacts thereof, said middle axes being substantially vertical and substantially horizontal on a vertical plane perpendicular to said busbars; * operating the disconnection, moving said switches so that the respective external terminals thereof move along said path from an electrical connection position until they are placed by themselves at a predetermined disconnection distance; and * operating the connection, moving said switches so that the respective external terminals thereof move along the path of said predetermined disconnection distance to carry out an electrical connection. The main advantage that can be achieved thanks to the set of multi-pole switches defined above and to the method of operation thereof, consists in enclosing as far as possible said assemblies in a metal barrier having reduced transverse dimensions, maintaining nevertheless the insulation distances required in air, with the consequent possibility of releasing the distribution system that are modular and compact, as well as notoriously suitable primary stations suitable for solving the use of transport. This reduction in the transverse dimensions of the barrier is provided by the fact that the switches are vertically mobile with respect to the external contacts and also by the perpendicular arrangement of the average axes of these switches with respect to the external busbars. In particular, by using switches that are compact and lightweight such as those with a vacuum bottle previously specified, it is possible to arrange the assemblies in a modular type by a medium voltage distribution. The arrangement of the switches in each set, which causes the middle axes of the switch placed on a vertical plane perpendicular to the external busbars, facilitates frontal access to the connections with the external contacts. This aspect provides the possibility of arranging the barriers on two rows placed side by side, obtaining a section of full average voltage, which remains within the limits of a common free space, that is, with an amplitude that does not exceed of 2.5 m. 4. Brief description of the Drawings. * Figure 1 shows a perspective view in partial section of a set of multi-pole switches according to the present invention, in a first operative position called disconnection; * figure 2 shows a perspective view in partial section of the assembly of figure 1, in a second operative position called connection; * figure 3 shows a perspective view and partial section of the assembly of figure 1, with particular reference to the external details; * Figure 4 shows a schematic unifiliar view of a medium voltage distribution system including sets of the preceding figures; and * figure 5 shows a perspective view and partial section of a distribution system of figure 4, which has a modular structure. 5. Description of the preferred modality. With reference to Figure 4, a medium voltage distribution system 51 for primary stations, including multi-pole breaker assemblies, indicated on a dotted line and with reference numerals 1a and 1b, is schematically depicted. The representation of Fig. 4 is of the uni-line type, ie, the medium voltage MV line, supplied by a medium voltage high-voltage AT / MV transformer through a set of multi-pole switches of a transformer 1a, In turn, it supplies a single row of multi-pole switch assemblies 1b. The figure shows two branches of said MV medium voltage line, supplied by parallel AT / MV transformers, usually separated in operation by a suitable busbar coupler 53. As can be understood from this diagram, all the sets 1a , 1b of the distribution system 51 are of the type that can be remotely removed and controlled, that is, comprising a set of switches, detailed below, that can be extracted from the respective barriers when the assembly 1a, 1b is in the disconnection mode .

Each assembly 1a, 1b has a pair of protection and measurement current transformers 49, through which a low voltage current is opened to be used for protection and measurement, and a ground connection having a spatula switch that is connected to ground 37 (figures 1 and 2). Downstream of the current transformers for measurement and protection 49, the distribution system 51 comprises for each module 1a, 1b a respective current transformer for the directional earthing protection 55, which is suitable for detecting faults of single-phase ground connection in each line assembly 1b. Of course, this is a merely schematic and exemplified representation: the assemblies 1a, 1b can be arranged on more rows and in particular on two flanked rows, as will be apparent hereinafter in more detail. The present invention relates to both sets of transformers la and to sets of lines 1b. These do not differ in the voltages, which are obviously the same, but in the average currents for which they have been dimensioned. In particular, the measured current for the sets of transformers 1a will be approximately twice the current for the line sets: at a measured voltage of 24 kV the measured currents will be 1250 A and 630 A, respectively.

Therefore, said assemblies 1a, 1b will have the same structure, but with different electrical coupling; in particular, the dimension will vary widely due to the high number of input conductors used in the transformer of assembly 1a. With reference in particular to Figure 1, a set of multi-pole switches is indicated as a whole with 1. It is of the three-pole type, comprising a barrier 2 of protected type (Figure 3), with metal walls, usually included in a medium voltage distribution system for primary stations. For medium voltage, in general, a voltage derived from the transformation of the long-distance high-voltage line of the order of 10-20 kV and in any way comprised in the scale between 1 and 52 kV is intended. Briefly, such set 1 corresponds to the aforementioned line set 1b. With reference to Figure 3, the barrier 2 is formed by a cover similar to an elongated parallelepiped shaped box, developed widely high, and consists of three overlapping drawers: a first lower drawer 3 housing a set of three switches 4, indicated with 4a, 4b and 4c respectively, a second intermediate drawer 5 housing a corresponding set of three busbars 6, indicated as 6a, 6b and 6c respectively, and an upper drawer 7 having some cable compartments served 27, 28 that will be detailed from here on. The lower drawer 3 comprises, a ground connection 8 in the lower part thereof, and, on its front access side thereof, a door 9, mounted laterally, having, from the upper part to the lower part: a bolt of labels 10 for the identification of the lines; a plate 11 that reports the sequence steps and the synoptic scheme; a first inspection opening 12 usually closed with a metal cover, suitable for use by the optical temperature sensor of the conductors; an inspection window 13 of the lower drawer 3, for visually detecting the position of the switches and the spatula switch connected to ground 50 inside; and a handle 14. On one side of the door 9 the lower drawer 3 has, on the same front access side, light detectors 85 which detect a presence of voltage or absence in the medium voltage cables. The handle 14 is of the depressed type, at the same level of the surface of the door 9 to limit dimensions. Between the metal walls of the lower drawer 3 and the switches 4a, 4b, 4c as well as between each of said switches 4a, 4b, 4c, the necessary dielectric strength, required by the effective safety rules, is provided with insulation distances by air that will be strictly maintained despite the operative position of the switches 4a, 4b, 4c. The intermediate drawer houses and passes transversely through the bus bars 6a, 6b, 6c which remain parallel to the upper and rear walls.

The bus bars 6a, 6b, 6c are supplied by a medium voltage high-voltage AT / MV transformer (FIG. 4) terminated in a high-voltage line in the present set 1. The bus bars 6a, 6b, 6c in turn they supply the corresponding MV voltage lines (see sets 1b-figure 4). Said intermediate drawer 5 is separated from the lower drawer 3 with a transverse deflector 15, which serves as a roof of the lower drawer 3, and is passed longitudinally by means of a chimney path 16, which comprises a ventilation conduit 17 extending from a first ventilation opening 18, formed in said first transverse deflector 15, to a second ventilation opening 19, formed on the upper part of the barrier 2, which comes out of the same and is closed by a first fin 20.

The first flap 20 is able to open outwards from the barrier 2, allowing the ventilation of the products of a possible explosion, caused by an uncontrolled discharge in the lower drawer 3. In the absence of the internal excessive pressures, the first flap 20 it keeps the path of the chimney 16 closed, thus avoiding the access of external agents. The path of the chimney 16 extends with a suitable ventilation duct not shown, to transport in a safe area the gases possibly produced by said discharge.

The intermediate box 5, which defines the cell of said bus bars 6a, 6b, 6c, is delimited superiorly by a rectangular roof 21, where a set of three insulators, indicated with 22a, 22b, 22c, respectively, is fixed, arranged diagonally and facing down, supporting said corresponding bus bars 6a, 6b, 6c. In addition, the roof 21 has a third and additional vent opening 23 that projects outwardly and closes with a second additional fin 24. The second flap 24 as well is apt to open outwardly from the barrier 2, allowing ventilation of the products of an explosion in the intermediate drawer 5. In the absence of internal blemishes, the second flap 24 maintains the third ventilation opening 23 closed , avoiding the access of external agents. For said opening 23 there will be a ventilation duct corresponding to the aforementioned and not shown. In addition, the intermediate drawer 5 has, on its front access side which is coplanar to one of the lower drawers 3, an access wing 25 to the cell of the bus bars 6a, 6b, 6c comprising a second inspection hole 26 , suitable for use for optical temperature detection of internal conductors, usually closed by a metal wall. The upper drawer 7 is mounted on the upper part of the barrier 2, that is to say the roof 21, and comprises a service cable compartment 27 or the tunnel cable conduit in a transverse and central position, which contains the conductors of low voltage used by the impeller and the control of the present set; and a compartment or protection and control panel 28, which contains the usual protection and control instruments. Said compartments 27, 28 comprise a structure similar to that of a box independent of the barrier 2, able to be fixed on the ceiling 21 with usual carpentry work. All the aforementioned drawers 3, 5, 7 are made in cells with a metal cover, to effectively contain possible internal arcs to the barrier 2. Within the lower drawer 3, said set of multi-pole switches 1, according to the present embodiment, comprises a set of switches, one for each pole, that is, said set of three switches 4a, 4b, 4c arranged vertically and substantially horizontally on the middle vertical plane that is perpendicular to the direction of said bus bars 6a, 6b , 6c. In other words, each switch 4a, 4b, 4c includes a respective isolation feed passage 29, preferably of the type made of an organic material, for example, resin or elastomer, having a substantially cylindrical shape and therefore running along a main direction forming the middle axis of said switch 4a, 4b, 4c . The isolation feed channel 29 is also provided with suitable fins to improve the electrical insulation thereof. Said average axes, respectively indicated with A, B, C, of the switches 4a, 4b, 4c of said assembly 1 are substantially parallel therebetween and define said middle plane perpendicular to the bus bars 6a, 6b, 6c. According to the present preferred embodiment, said switches 4a, 4b, 4c are of the vacuum bottle type, which are housed within said isolation feed passage 29 and are preferably made of an inorganic material, i.e., for example, ceramics. The vacuum bottle is generally of the type enclosed by metal plates and containing a first bus bar vehicle, at the inner end to the vacuum bottle, a fixed internal contact and, at the other end thereof, connected to a first external jaw terminal 30, set on the upper part of the respective switch 4a, 4b, 4c and in line with the corresponding center axes A, B, C. Furthermore, the vacuum bottle is generally of the type comprising a second vehicle of inner conductive rod to the vacuum bottle, a movable internal contact and, at the other end, is connected to a second external jaw terminal 31, provided laterally of the respective switch 4a, 4b, 4c in the lower part thereof. Each switch 4a, 4b, 4c is provided with the driving means 56 for cutting and the fact of the respective circuit, i.e. to control the position of the movable internal contact with respect to the fixed internal contact. Said driving means are of the type of oscillation lever, connected to said second conductor bar.

Said driving means 56 is operated by the connection by means of a control 32 with a transverse support arm 33, integral thereto, which also contains a control arrow, schematically represented and indicated with 57, kinematically linking the control 32 and the driving means for each switch 4a, 4b, 4c. The control 32 conveniently faces the door 9 to obtain a bolt and more practical access by an operator. Said switches 4a, 4b, 4c are apt to move with respect to the respective external input and output contacts to carry out a line disconnection. In the present embodiment, the external output contact of the assembly 1 consists of said bus bars 6a, 6b, 6c which are arranged on the vertical, that is, on the middle axis, of each first external jaw terminal 30. With reference to said movement to carry out the disconnection, in the support arm 33 the set of switches 1 comprises laterally at least one bearing 74, projecting itself outwards, coupled in a respective slide bar 75 parallel to said middle axes A , B, C. The slide bar 75 is secured to the walls of the barrier 2 in such a way that it maintains a predetermined position, thus defining an operational path followed by the switches 4a, 4b, 4c moving from the position of disconnection to the connection position and vice versa.

The assembly 1 further comprises second external contacts 34, provided laterally to the respective switch 4a, 4b, 4c, supplied by a specially provided electrical conduit 35, that is to say, medium voltage cables coming out from the primary station. In case of a set of lines 1b (FIG. 4), as in the present embodiment, each electrical conduit is directed to a medium voltage network and is therefore coupled for a predetermined measured current (for example, 630 A at 24 kV ); in this case the second external contacts 34 will have to be considered as output contacts. On the other hand, in the case of a set of transformers 1a (figure 4), such conduits 35 will be bent in order to ensure a capacity bent approximately (1250 A to 24 kV). In this case, said second external contacts 34 will have to be considered as input contacts. A pair of conduits 35 extend outside the barrier 2, reaching the respective measurement and protection current transformers 49. The second external contacts 34 are arranged on the vertical, that is, on the middle axis, of the second jaw terminal respective external 31. In other words, said switches 4a, 4b, 4c are arranged in advanced so that the external terminals 30, 31 thereof are arranged on a rectilinear path, substantially parallel to the middle axis A, B, C of said switches 4a, 4b, 4c, which intersect the respective external input and output contacts 6a, 6b, 6c and 34 of the assembly 1. Said path substantially carries out the operational path physically determined by the slide bars 75 and by the bearings 74. The medium voltage cables 35 are supported on the metal walls of the lower drawer 3 of the barrier 2 by a specially provided support which is not repressed. esenta. The second external contact 34 is in turn supported on the metal walls of the barrier 2 by a voltage isolator, indicated with 36a, 36b and 36c respectively, having a spatula switch connected to ground of the electrical conduit 35 indicated with 50 in Figure 4. Such a spatula switch connected to ground comprises a cut-off spatula 37 hinged to said metal walls and which can be operated in rotation with a control slot 38 located laterally of said door 9. The spatula 37 forms the disconnection of the ground connection 50 shown in Fig. 4. On the other hand, as to the contacts and the upper terminals 6a, 6b, 6c, 30, each first jaw terminal 30 is formed on an extension of the respective first conductor bar which is contained, once outside the respective isolation feed passage 29, within an isolation coverings 39 the which is cylindrical, elongate and coaxial to the feed passage 29. The intermediate transverse diverter 15 has, on and on the vertical axis of said first jaw terminal 30 and said isolation liner 39, holes of respective passages 40 having a shape circular and which are suitable to allow the passage of said insulation coatings 39 with a minimum tolerance. Such a passage, as will be detailed hereinafter, is determined by the elevation of the switches 4a, 4b, 4c, that is, by a vertical translation thereof, from a disconnection position to a connection position. In an intermediate position on the insulation coverings 39, each switch 4a, 4b, 4c, has a sealing member 41, cup-shaped and suitably made of at least a partially flexible insulating material, for example a semi-rigid rubber, for the protection against possible internal arcs. The edges of said sealing members 41 are apt to be confined on the first intermediate transverse deflector 15 in a connection position, sealing the passage hole 40, to prevent the propagation and / or discharges that are derived from an internal arc which may affect both drawers the lower and the intermediate 3, 5. Therefore, when the switches 4a, 4b, 4c are lifted and in a connection position, the lower drawer 3 and the intermediate drawer 5 are separated in any way and are insulated between the same by the transverse deflector 15 and by the mutually co-operating sealing members 41. Furthermore, said transverse deflector 15 has a shutter 42, ie a metal plate that is synchronously movable with the movement of the switches 4a 4b, 4c thanks to a kinematic chain represented symbolically with a push rod 58, apt to obstruct said passage holes 40 when the switches 4a, 4b, 4c are b adjusted, that is, in the disconnected position. The switches 4a, 4b, 4c and the control 32 are supported by a support platform member 43. The assembly 1 according to the invention further comprises means for moving said switches 4a, 4b, 4c along a direction that it has a main component substantially parallel to said middle axes A, B, C for carrying out said disconnection and line connection. In particular, said direction is substantially vertical and parallel to said middle axes A, B, C to perform the movement of said external terminals 30, 31 along the path intersecting said output and input contacts 6a, 6b, 6c- 34. Said means for translating comprises an elevator device 44 subsequently provided to said support platform member 43.

In the preferred embodiment, such an elevator device 44 is of the mechanical drive type and comprises a pantograph system with crossed arms 45 with respect to the bolts 59, said system that can be driven by operating on a screw arrow 46 that allows the wide opening of said arms 45 having a respective hinged end 60 and movable ends 61, provided with appropriate roller members, which run on specially provided upper rails 62 and lower rails 63 of the elevator device 44. Of course, a wide range of alternative elevator devices 44, suitable for this use, which can be manually driven or the like. It is possible to provide for example a system that uses pulleys or different mechanical systems with worm or gear drives, etc. In the present embodiment, the screw arrow 46 is operated manually, through the door 9 thanks to a first driver hole 64 formed in the present, with a crank tool 47 thanks to the moderate weight of the switches 4a, 4b, 4c, usually not exceeding 100 kg. For this purpose, the arrow of the screw 46 has a suitable plug 48, for the mechanical coupling of the crank tool 47, disposed after the control 32, and is connected to a reduction gear 65. When the pantographic system is in a position retracted, that is, the set of switches 4a, 4b, 4c and the control 32 is lowered to a disconnected position, of the entire system formed by the switches 4a, 4b, 4c; the control 32; the arm is supported 33; and the platform member 43 can be withdrawn from the barrier 2 through the door 9. For this purpose, the elevator device 44 has at the top of drive means for the removal and insertion of said platform member 43, which it comprises a pair of grooves 66 grooved, parallel and opposite, rectilinear, consisting of bundles in section C facing towards each other, fixed at the upper ends 61 of the crossed arms 45. Outside each bundle in section of C 66 , a respective upper path 62 is formed, for the corresponding mobile ends 61. The slides 66 determine an extraction and insertion path of said switches 4a, 4b, 4c, and in particular for said platform member 43 that is provided laterally to the sliding members, that is to say, support wheels 67, apt to be inserted in the slides 66, forming sliding means of said platform member 43 with respect to the middle elevator device driver 44. In other words, said platform member 43, provided with wheels 67, forms the train of a mobile apparatus and, as will be detailed hereinafter, can be extracted, comprising integral parts between them and they will be completely enlisted from here on out.

In said platform member 43, said set of switches 1 comprises first positioning means 68 of the switches 4a, 4b, 4c along the insertion and extraction path. The first positioning means 68 comprises first mobile capture members 69, provided in such a way that they are integral with said platform member 43, and second fixed acquisition members 70, provided in such a way that they are integral with said driving means by the extraction and the insertion thereof, that is, the slides 66, said first and second pickup members 69, 70, apt to be associated in mutual coupling when the switches 4a, 4b, 4c are placed, along the insertion path and of extraction, in said passage hole 40 that is, of the first external contacts 6a, 6b, 6c. According to the present embodiment of the set of switches 1, said first mobile pick-up member 69 comprises a pick-up pin. Indicated with the same reference numeral, mounted on a first support rod 71 rotatably connected to said platform member 43. Each pick-up bolt 69 faces the corresponding slides 66 and is pushed on it by a first elastic compression member 72. , that is, a spring in the example of the present embodiment, supported by the platform member 43.

At their free ends, the support rods 71 comprise respective insertion handles 73, provided on the front side of the platform member 43. According to the present embodiment of the set of switches 1 according to the invention, said second members of Fixed catch 70 comprises a respective pick-up orifice, indicated with the same reference number, capable of receiving in coupling said pick-up pin 69 when the switches 4a, 4b, 4c are placed, on the insertion and extraction path, in said orifices of the passage 40 that is, of the first external contacts 6a, 6b, 6c. The pick-up holes are directly formed in the respective slides 66. When the pins 69 are engaged in the respective holes 70, that is, when the support rods 71 and the insertion handles 73 are in the position given by the connection position. , an appropriate system, not shown, provides the tolerance for the switches 4a, 4b, 4c that are lifted by the elevator device In addition, the closing of the door 9 is possible only with the pick-up bolts 69 in a coupled state. Correspondingly of said support arm 33, said set of switches 1 comprises second and additional positioning means 76 of the switches 4a, 4b, 4c along said operational path between the disconnected position, lowered, and the connection position, elevated The second positioning means 76 comprises respective first additional mobile pickup members 77, arranged in such a way to be integral are said support arm 33, ie, with said switches 4a, 4b, 4c, and additionally second fixed pickup members 78 , arranged in such a way as to be integral with the driving means for the disconnection and the connection, that is to say, a sliding bar 75, said first and second pickup members 77, 78 which are apt to be associated in mutual coupling when the switches 4a , 4b, 4c are positioned in the connection position. According to the present embodiment of the set of switches 1 according to the invention, said third pick-up member 77 comprises a respective ratchet, indicated with the same reference number, provided on a second support rod 79 rotatably connected to said arm. support 33 in a joint 80. Each pawl 77 faces the corresponding slide bar 75 and is pushed against it by means of a second elastic compression member 81, ie a spring in the present embodiment, supported by the support arm 33. On the slide bar 75, said fourth capture member 78 is obtained, comprising a crack, indicated with the same reference number, which is capable of receiving in coupling said ratchet 77 when the breakers 4a, 4b, 4c are provided in the raised position of the connection. The set of switches 1 further comprises an impeller rod 82 connected to said joint 80 and ending with an impeller end 83 in the front metal wall of the barrier 2. The door 9, in said impeller end 83, has a second orifice impeller 84 (figure 3) for driving said second positioning means with a suitable tool not shown When the pawl 77 engages the respective fissure 78, a suitable system, not shown, provides the impulse tolerance of the driving means 56 for the fact of the circuit inside the insulators of the feed passage determined by the switches 4a, 4b, 4c. The operation of said assembly 1 will be described hereinafter, with reference to figures 1 and 2. In figure 1, the switches 4a, 4b, 4c are in the disconnection position: the elevator device is lowered, with I The arms 45 are mutually superimposed. The terminals 30, 31 of the switches 4a, 4b, 4c are on a rectilinear path having a main component ite thereof which is parallel to said middle axes A, B, C, that is, the path of the terminals external 30, 31 determined by the elevator device 44 is substantially vertical and parallel to said middle axes A, B, C.

Said trajectory intersects the respective external contacts, being the bus bar 6a, 6b, 6c, or the second external contact 34. In particular, between each external terminal 30, 31 and the respective external input and / or output contact 6a, 6b, 6c, 34 there is a predetermined disconnection distance 54, determined under safety requirements. In the case described here, such distance is about 30 cm, which is therefore also the length of the operative path between the disengagement position and the connection position. In FIG. 1, as a whole, the switches 4a, 4b, 4c are represented in an insertion position corresponding to the switch-off position. To proceed from an extracted position to the insertion position, it is necessary to insert the support wheels 67 into the slides 66; pushes the platform member 43 along said insertion and extraction path; operates on the insert handles 73 as opposed to the action of the first elastic member 72 to allow the passage of the pick-up pins 69 within the slides 66; and, always operating on the handles 73, the rest of the coupling of said bolts 69 in the respective catch holes 70. Now the external terminals 30, 31 and the external contacts 6a, 6b, 6c, 34 are in the position described above. Therefore, the closing of the door 9 makes it possible: the following steps can be carried out with the door 9 closed, through the driving holes 64, 84 with the tools provided, in particular the crank tool 47 for the raising of switches 4a, 4b, 4c. To operate the line connection, it is first necessary to operate the cut-off of the grounding spatula switch 50.

Then, the elevator device 44 is driven with the crank tool 47 until the manual lifting operation of the platform member 43 of the set of three switches 4 to a substantial connection between each external terminal 30, 31 and external contact 34 is obtained. respective input or output 6a, 6b, 6c. The positioning is carried out with said second positioning means 76. When the pawl 77 engages the respective pick-up fissure 78, then the jaw terminal 30, 31 and the external contacts 6a, 6b, 6c, 34 are in contact , in such a way as to allow the flow of current provided, that is, the measured value thereof, without problems. The coupling between the ratchet 77 and the jaw 78 occurs automatically with a mechanical release: the position of the jaw 78 ensures compliance with said requirements. In particular, the width of the jaw 78 defines, in said external electrical contacts, an optimum contact zone despite possible authorizations, producing an adequate predetermined penetration of the jaw terminals 30, 31 into the respective external contacts 6a, 6b , 6c, 34. Now the circuit can be closed by operating on the inside of the contacts of the vacuum bottle, thanks to the tolerance obtained by the system that detects the positioning of the ratchet 77 inside the crack 78. The fact takes place with a remote pulse on the drive means 56 and through the control 32. These steps are carried out inversely to operate the disconnection. Once the circuit is interrupted in the vacuum bulbs, always with said remote pulse, operating with the appropriate tool through the second driving hole 84 it is possible to release the ratchet from the crack 78. A mechanically adequate control system ensured that such release is possible only in the absence of current. Now the crank tool 47 is operated to obtain the decrease of the platform member 43, until said disconnection distance 54 is resumed. Once the decrease is complete, and after the earthing spatula switch 50 has been closed. , it is possible to open the door 9; operating the insert handles 73 to release the pick-up pin 69 from the pick-up hole 70; exerting a pulling force on the handles 73 to extract all the equipment formed by the switches 4a, 4b, 4c, the platform member 43, the control 32 with the driving means 56 and the second positioning means 76. It is understandable that the The extraction, as well as the insertion, can for example take place with the help of a conduit, a system or an equivalent instrument not shown, used for the positioning of said apparatus in front of the elevator device 44, with the support wheels 67 of the platform member 43 placed at the height of straight insertion. Figure 5 shows, as described above, a medium voltage distribution system 51, which includes a set of multi-pole switches 1a, 1b, of the type described above with reference to figures 1 and 2. Said assemblies 1a, 1b are they dispose on two rows, indicated with 51a, 51b, of barriers 2 arranged with the respective rear side thereof adhering opposite to the barrier 2 on the side side of the latter, in a configuration called from side to side. Therefore, the doors 9 of each lower drawer 3, as well as the access panels 25 of each intermediate drawer 5, face the external sides of the two flanked rows 51a, 51b. This side-by-side configuration is allowed by virtue of the fact that the average axes of the switches substantially rest on a vertical plane half perpendicular to the front door of the barrier. In this form, the cables 35, the external contact 34 and the earthing spatula switches 50 are arranged on a lateral side of the barrier and can be accessed frontally by the door 9. In the example of the present embodiment, the distribution system 51 comprises a total of 10 barriers 2, that is, five barriers 2 per row 51a, 51b. The distribution system comprises a set of transformers 1a in a corner position, directly supplied by the low current of the AT / MV transformer of an overvoltage discharge 52 shown in FIG. 4. The distribution system 51 also has the busbars 6a , 6b, 6c running from the transformer assembly 1a along the first row 51a to where the latter belongs. Having reached the opposite end of the system 51, the bus bars 6a, 6b, 6c are U-shaped and inversely cross the second row 51b. In their trajectory, said bus bars 6a, 6b, 6c pass through another set of nine lines 1b where the distribution system 51 is composed of said transformer set 1a. Such sets of nine lines 1b are completely independent among them, being supplied in parallel by the transformer set 1a. Therefore, under normal working conditions, they can be cut, connected, disconnected, removed without influencing the rest. It can be noted that, thanks to the fact that the switches housed in the system 51 are moved by the disconnection and the connection thereof along an address that is substantially perpendicular to the plane defined by the entire system 51, the transverse sizes of the the entire distribution system 51 is not affected in any way by said translation, although the appropriate air isolation distances within each barrier 2 are maintained constant. Due to this reason, the distribution system 51 has the transverse dimensions reduced to a minimum and in particular the width dimension falls within the so-called free space, ie, 2.5 m, allowing the use of the distribution system 51 in mobile solutions, to resolve accidental situations of breakdowns, failures, or the like. In addition, the configuration of the previous side of the barriers, also allows to reduce the transversal size of the distribution system. further, the operation of the system becomes extremely easy, the access to all the electrical control instrumentation and to the lifting means of said assemblies 1a, 1b being particularly easy. In addition, it should be noted that the steps of insertion and removal of the previously defined apparatus from the switches were proved to be extremely easy, allowing for rapid steps of control, maintenance and replacement. The correct placement of said apparatus within each barrier took place thanks to the same steps, translation on the horizontal trajectory of insertion and extraction and elevation, allowing the same insertion. Furthermore, the embodiment of the assembly described above can take place with the use of switches of the type available in the market, with particular advantages with respect to dimension, lightness and ease of use thanks to the use of switches of the vacuum bottle type. To the set of multi pole switches described above, to the applications thereof, in particular in the field of a medium voltage distribution system to primary stations, and to the operating method of a medium voltage distribution system comprising it, one skilled in the art, in order to meet the contingent and additional needs, will be able to carry out various modifications and variants, all, however, falling within the protective framework of the present invention, as defined by the appended claims .

Claims (27)

1. CLAIMS 1. A set of multi-pole switches, comprising: * a switch for each pole, each switch having an isolation feed pass that develops along a main direction that constitutes the average axes of said switch; middle axis of the switches of said set which is substantially parallel to each other, said switches being integral with each other and are apt to move with respect to the respective external input and output contacts to operate a line disconnection, said contacts external input and output comprising a set of bus bars substantially parallel to each other; and * means for moving said switches according to an address having a main component that is substantially parallel to said axes means for operating the connecting line, said middle axes being substantially vertical and substantially horizontal on a plane perpendicular to said busbars . The multi-pole switch assembly according to claim 1, wherein said transfer means comprise at least one lifter device of said switches according to a direction that is substantially parallel to said middle axes. 3. The set of multi pole switches according to claim 2, comprising three poles, said external contacts comprising a set of three bus bars substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to said middle axes. 4. The multi-pole switch assembly according to claim 3, wherein said switches are housed in a drawer of a protected barrier with metal walls, a required insulation resistance that is provided between said metal walls and said switches at an appropriate isolation distance in air maintained in a disconnected position, in a connection position and along an operational path between said positions. The multi-pole switch assembly according to claim 4, wherein said barrier comprises a first drawer, which houses said switches, and a second drawer, receiving said busbars, said first and second drawer that are separated by a diverter which has, for each switch, a respective through hole and at least one obturator, moving synchronously in accordance with the movement of the switches, capable of obstructing said through-holes when the switches are in a disconnected position . The multi-pole switch assembly according to claim 5, wherein each switch has a respective sealing member suitable for abutting said transverse diverter with the switches in the connection position, sealing said through-holes. The multi-pole switch assembly according to claim 6, wherein said sealing members have substantially a cup shape. The multi-pole switch assembly according to one of claims 5 to 7, wherein said second drawer is located above said first drawer and passes substantially through a chimney path having at least one a ventilation conduit extended between a first ventilation opening, formed in said transverse diverter, and a second ventilation opening, formed on the upper part of the barrier, exiting to the outside and closing by means of at least one respective fin. The set of multi-pole switches according to claim 8, wherein said second drawer is delimited at the top by a roof having at least one additional ventilation opening that exits to the outside and which is closed by means of of at least one additional fin. The multi-pole switch assembly according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each of said switches comprises a first external terminal on the upper part thereof, in line with said middle axis, and a second external terminal. , arranged laterally of the respective switch in the lower part thereof. 11. The set of multi pole switches according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said switches are of the vacuum bottle type housed in a respective isolation feed passage having a cylindrical development defining the corresponding average axis of each switch . The multi-pole switch assembly according to claim 11, wherein said switches and a respective pulse are supported by a support platform member, said lift device being subsequently provided to said support platform member. The multi-pole switch assembly of claim 12, wherein the elevator device is of the mechanical drive type. 14. The set of multi-pole switches according to claim 13, wherein the elevator device is of the type comprising a pantograph system of crossed arms, driving, operating on at least one screw arrow that allows the wide opening of said crossed arms. 15. The multi-pole switch assembly according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the lifting device is manually operated, through an impeller orifice formed in said barrier. The multi-pole switch assembly according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said switches belong to a removable device when they are in the disconnected position, said set of multi-pole switches comprising driving means by the extraction and the insertion. The multi-pole switch assembly according to claim 16, wherein said movement member comprises a tramway provided with sliding members suitable for insertion in corresponding grooved sliders, of said drive means by extraction and insertion, defining an insertion and extraction trajectory. 18. The multi-pole switch assembly according to claim 17, comprising positioning means along said insertion and extraction path. 19. The multi-pole switch assembly according to claim 18, wherein said first positioning means comprises respective first mobile capture members, integral with said switches, and second fixed acquisition members, integral with said driving means by the extraction and insertion, said first and second pick-up members being able to join in mutual coupling when the switches are placed, along said insertion and extraction path, in the respective external contacts. 20. The multi-pole switch assembly according to claim 19, wherein, when said mutual coupling is performed, the tolerance is provided to the translation movement of said switches. 21. The multi-pole switch assembly according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising positioning means along an operational path between a disengagement position and a connection position of said switches. 22. The multi-pole switch assembly according to claim 21, wherein said additional positioning means comprises additional and respective first mobile pick-up members integral with said switches, and also second fixed pick-up members, said first and second seconds. pick-up members that are capable of joining in additional mutual coupling when the switches are placed in a connection position. 23. The multi-pole switch assembly according to claim 22, wherein, when said additional mutual coupling is performed, tolerance is given to close the respective electrical circuit. 24. A method for operating distribution systems by primary stations that incorporate at least one set of multiple pole switches comprising for each pole, a switch having an isolation feed passage that develops along a main direction that constitutes the middle axis of said switch, the middle axes of the switches of said set of multi-pole switches that are substantially parallel to each other , said switches that are integral to each other and that are apt to move with respect to respective external input and output contacts to operate the connection and disconnection of the line, said external input and output contacts comprising a set of bars collectors substantially parallel to each other, said method comprising the steps of: * arranging said switches so that the external terminals thereof are disposed on a rectilinear path substantially parallel to the average axes of said switches, intersecting the external contacts of input and respective output, said middle axes that are substantial almente vertical and substantially horizontal on a vertical plane half perpendicular to said busbars; * operating the disconnection by moving said switches so that the respective external terminals thereof move along said path from an electrical connection position until they are placed by themselves at a predetermined disconnection distance; and * operating the connection by moving said switches so that the respective external terminals thereof moving along said path from said predetermined disconnection distance to carry out an electrical connection. 25. A medium voltage distribution system for primary stations, comprising at least one set of multi-pole switches as defined according to any one of claims 1 to 23. 26. The distribution system according to claim 25, comprising at least one of the multi-pole breaker assemblies as a transformer assembly; and a plurality of set of multiple pole switches as a line set, said line and transformer assemblies that are passed through the same busbars. 27. The distribution system according to claim 23, wherein said transformer and line assemblies are arranged in respective barriers arranged in turn side by side along two rows occupying a width dimension that falls within the free space so-called.