MX2013013662A - Device and method for obtaining diesel from oil residues. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is related to a novel device that uses an easy method for converting residues of lubricating oil of vehicles and industrial oils into fuels, mainly diesel, complying with the environmental regulations. The method is based on cracking reactions performed to the clean dehydrated oil, at a temperature of 3800°C in a distillatory reactor that is heated through a high-efficiency burner using gas obtained from the process as a fuel. The tanks of the drier and cracking reactors include a thermal insulation system and the transmission of heat through the combustion of hot air and gases, favoring the efficiency of the process.

Description

- 1 - DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OBTAINING DIESEL FROM WASTE OF OILS FIELD OF THE INVENTION 5 The object of the invention is a method and apparatus for obtaining diesel from waste oils or spent oils that are heated to cracking temperatures.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Wastes that can cause harm to health or the environment are considered hazardous waste, which is why the adoption of measures should be promoted in order to minimize the generation of these 15 wastes, as well as to establish policies and strategies for their management and use.

Such is the case of oil residues, such as motor vehicles and machinery, where their chemical composition is generating increasingly greater dangers for living beings, which has led to the emergence of new processes and technologies that allow reuse of waste by transforming it into energy, mainly.

The problem that must be solved is that used motor oils are being used as fuels indiscriminately, without prior treatment, both by the small and medium industry.

Due to lack of technology or due to the absence of regulations on the industrial reuse of used oil, it is presumed that the handling of the used oil they are inadequate generating environmental problems, due to the large amount of pollutants, particularly those associated with metals such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and antimony, among others, that are emitted into the atmosphere during the combustion process.

The chemical and physical properties of used oils depend primarily on the properties of the lubricant bases from which they are derived, on the additives added to improve viscosity, detergent power and resistance at high temperatures.

The oils that are used as lubricants in the automotive industry and in various industrial sectors, are for the most part mineral oils that are obtained from heavy fractions of petroleum. The main component of these oils are the lubricant bases formed by mixtures of paraffinic, aromatic and naphthene hydrocarbons, to which are added between 1 and 25% of additives to improve their performance.

Millions of barrels of used oil are generated in the world and the treatment is very variable, because the most generalized tendency is to seek profitability and prevent the lack of control of them from causing irreparable damage. Used motor oil maintains a high energy potential, however the risks and costs associated with the collection, storage, transportation and general handling of used motor oil limit the use.

The raw material of used motor oil contains a mixture of paraffins, naphthenes, aromatics and olefins with 30% of this waste oil already within a range of molecular weight of the diesel.

Waste lubricating oils are defined as any petroleum lubricant such as motor oil, metal cutting oil and hydraulic oils.

As patent background we find application US5885444 which provides a process for the thermal cracking of waste motor oil to a diesel fuel product. The thermal cracking process uses low temperatures of cracking temperature, from 625 to generate a column of distilled diesel fuel fraction mixed with light debris, these light remains end up being removed to produce a high quality # 2 diesel fuel. The process also provides an additional product stream for disposal from the cracking vessel which, when filtered, is suitable for use as a # 3 fuel oil and can be further mixed with a liquid fuel to produce a product # 5 of fuel.

We also find the patent application number US6440298 which provides an apparatus and method for recovering a useful oil product from waste oil., such as the lubricating oil used. The apparatus comprises an oil supply means, a boiler, a heater and a separation means. The heater is used to heat the oil used in the boiler to a temperature such that the lighter hydrocarbons remain non-volatilized, trapping the contaminants with it. The separation means divide the lighter volatilized hydrocarbons from the heavier hydrocarbons and non-volatilized contaminants.

In the framework of internationally published patents we find the W01990009426A1 which presents a procedure that is carried out in such a way that, during cracking, the temperature is from 400 to 450 ° C and preferably to about 420 ° C, the pressure of 17 to 27 bar and, preferably, about 22 bar and the cracking process takes between 6 minutes and 10 hours, preferably about 1 hour. Prior to further refining, the hydrocarbon compound obtained by cracking can be cooled to about room temperature, preferably at about 40 ° C, maintaining a pressure of at least one bar and preferably about 6 bar and preferably stored for about 1 hour. The device comprises a reservoir (7) for the intermediate storage of the hydrocarbon compound before its subsequent refining and a controllable valve (8) in an exhaust line (17) of the reservoir (7) to determine the pressure in the tank (7). ), which is preferably lagged and resistant to high pressure.

As another antecedent of international publication we find W01 994011471 A1 that proposes that the motor oil breaks under the cracking temperature that goes from 520 to 650 ° C, with the cracking process promoted by the presence of suspended metallic particles generated by the engine wear, to produce a diesel fuel that can later be subjected to hydrogen treatment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a novel apparatus and a simple process for the conversion of waste from lubricating oils, such as motor vehicles, to fuels and mainly diesel.

The apparatus comprises a tank for dehydration, two distillation reaction tanks, a condensing tank condenser and a gas receiver tank and a centrifuge system, as the most important accessories.

The method or procedure considers the following steps: a) Reception of oil residues and cleaning of suspended solids and sludge. b) Dehydration of oil residues and preheating at a temperature of 200 ° C. c) Heating oil residues up to cracking temperature of 380 ° C through two similar reactors. d) Cooling of the gases produced in the reactors through recirculated water in an exchanged heat tank, where part of said gases condense. e) Centrifugation and storage of the diesel produced.

Among the objects of the invention is to provide a process in which the conversion of oil residues to diesel fuel complies with environmental regulations.

The raw material relating to oil residues is defined as any lubricant obtained from petroleum, among which are included motor oil and transmission and vehicle differential, oil cutting metals and hydraulic oils.

The dehydration of the oil residues manages to reduce the water dissolved or emulsified in the oil to parts per million.

Among the advantages of the present invention is the heating system of the tanks through high efficiency burners that use the product of the system.

In addition, the tanks include a thermal insulation system where heat losses are minimal and the transfer of heat through hot air favors the cracking reactions inside those tanks.

The combustion gases are washed and cooled at the end of the previous heating process to send them to the atmosphere DETAILED DESCRIPTION To complete the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, the present description is accompanied, as an integral part of the same, the drawings in which the illustrative and non-limiting represented the following: Figure 1 shows a simplified flow diagram of the process of obtaining diesel from oil residues.

Figure 2 - Shows a schematic diagram of the dewatering tank.

Figure 3 - Shows a schematic diagram of the distiller reactor tank.

Figure 4.- Shows a schematic diagram of the condenser cooler tank.

Figure 5 shows a flow diagram of the centrifuge system.

Figure 6 shows a diagram of the gas receiver tank.

With reference to Figure 1, the process of converting oil residues to diesel fuel, comprises a dehydrator tank (1), two tanks for reaction and distillation (2), a condensing tank cooler (3), a gas receiver tank (4) and a centrifuge system (5), as main elements.

Figure 2 shows the diagram of the dehydrator tank (1) with its main components. The main body (6) of the tank forms a cylinder with conical upper end (64) through which the steam-water outlet is connected (13) On said cone (64) there is located a connection (62) for feeding of oil residues.

The dehydrating tank (1) includes a refractory wall (7) that surrounds the main body (6) of said tank with a separation of 10 cm that functions as a chamber (10) for hot air. The tank (1) is supported on a base (8) of refractory material.

The heating system of the tank includes a blower (9) with alternate fuel inlet (11) and recirculated gas (12), a nozzle (16) and an outlet (14) for combustion gases.

The tank (1) includes a flange (15) for cleaning, and an outlet (61) of dehydrated oil that can be pumped (63) to the next step. The body of the tank (6) can be constructed with 3/16 in. Thick sheet metal.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of the distiller reactor (2) of the invention. The tank body (29) forms a cylinder with rounded base and the part upper conforms a cone that ends in the connection (22) to the output of gases product of cracking reaction.

The tank (29) includes a cleaning flange (21) and an internal ladder (20), an orifice (23) to feed oil and a support (17) to hold the tank (29) with the plate (19).

The distiller reactor (2) includes a refractory wall (18) that surrounds the tank body (29) leaving a space of 10 cm as a chamber (28) of hot air and combustion gases connected to an outlet (27) for said air hot. Tank body (29) can be constructed with 3/16 inch thick sheet.

The heat required by the cracking reactions is supplied through equipment that includes a blower (24) that is fed with alternating fuel (25) and recirculated gas (26).

Figure 4 shows a diagram of the condenser cooler tank (3) including the tank body (30) in rounded cylindrical shape, a heat exchanger tube (31) with connectors (32) on the outside of said tank (30), with inlet (36) for hot gas and outlet (37) for cold gas.

A cooling system for water (38) including a shower (33), a pump (35) for water and pipe (34) for recirculated water.

Figure 5 shows the diagram of the gas receiver tank (4) which includes the tank body (41) with a rounded cylindrical shape, a respirator (42), a support (43), a fuel inlet (45), a purge ( 44) and a gas fuel outlet (46) towards the burners (47, 48 and 49).

The centrifuge system (5) is shown in Figure 6 and consists of a diesel receiver tank (51), a pump (52) for diesel, a raised tank (53), a centrifuge (54) and a tank (55). ) for diesel storage.

The process of the present invention indicates that the received oil residues must be cleaned of sludge and solids in suspension, to pass to the dehydrator tank (1), where the oil is heated to a temperature of 200 ° C through the heat provided by air hot that circulates through the chamber (10).

The dehydrated oil leaves the tank (1) through an outlet (61) located near the base, to be pumped (63) into two distillers reactors tanks (2) where it will be heated to a temperature of 380 ° C so that the reactions of Cracking is carried out.

The oil coming from the dehydrating tank (1) enters the reactor distiller tank (2) through the hole (23), located in the upper part of said tank.

The oil emptied into the tank body (29) is heated through the metal walls of said tank (29) by a stream of air and hot combustion gases circulating between the chamber (28) to the outlet (27) that takes them to the washing system, before throwing the gases into the atmosphere.

Inside the distiller reactor (2), the oil residues are heated up to the temperature of 380 ° C at which said oil residues are thermally cracked to become lighter materials, which are finally vaporized and sent to a condenser cooler tank (3).

The gases and vapors produced inside the distiller reactor (2) exit through a connection (22) located in the upper part of the tank body (29) and are sent by pipes to the connection (36) of a heat exchanger (31) located inside the body of the tank (30) that contains water (38) as a refrigerant.

Preferably the water (38) is recirculated from the tank (30) with the support of a pump (35) that drives it through pipes (34) to a shower (33) that returns it to the tank (30) and lowers its temperature , that inside said tank (30) reaches 60 ° C.

The gases and vapors are cooled and condensed as it passes through the pipes of the heat exchanger (31), constituting the diesel fuel, which is sent to the centrifuge system (5) prior to storage.

In the centrifuge system (5), the condensed diesel arrives in a tank (51) of diesel receiver to be pumped (52) to an elevated tank (53) and by gravity is sent to a centrifuge (54) and finally to a storage tank (55).

The method of the present invention is advantageous when considering the novelty of the heating systems that operate with high efficiency, if it is also considered that the heat transmission is carried out through all the walls of the tanks, both of the dehydrator tank (1 ) as of the two similar tanks that function as a distiller reactor (2).

For the heating of the tanks, the invention includes blowers (9 and 24) to burn mixtures of fuels produced by the invention, which are fed reciever gas by the included inlets (12 and 26) and also from a alternative fuel (11 and 25) whose characteristics are not presented in the present invention.

The recirculated gas-based fuel comes from the tank (4) that functions as a receiver of the gases coming from the reactors (2) that did not reach to condense in the condenser cooling tank (3), through an outlet of the pipe ( 37) that conducts the condensed diesel to the centrifugation system (5).

Claims (9)

CLAIMS Having sufficiently described my invention, I consider it as a novelty and therefore claim as my exclusive property what is contained in the following clauses:

1. - Device for the conversion of residues of lubricating oils to diesel, characterized by a tank for dehydrating the oil (1), two reaction and distillation tanks (2), a condensing tank cooler (3) a gas receiver tank (4) and a centrifugation system (5) of the diesel produced.

2. - Device for conversion of residues of lubricating oils to diesel, in accordance with clause 1, characterized in that said tank for oil dehydration (1), includes a tank (6) with cylinder shape with conical upper end (64), a refractory wall (7), a chamber (100) for air and hot gases, a blower (9) for burning alternate fuel (11) and recirculated gas (12), a flange (15) for cleaning, an outlet for dehydrated oil ( 61) an outlet for steam (13), an outlet for combustion gases (14).

3. - Device for the conversion of residues of lubricating oils to diesel, in accordance with clause 1, characterized in that said reaction and distillation tank (2) includes a cylindrical tank (29) with a rounded base and the upper part with a cone shape, refractory wall (18), a chamber (28) for air and hot gases, a flange (21) for cleaning, a blower (24) to burn alternating fuel (25) and recycled gas (26) a ladder (20) in the inside the tank, a hole (23) for feeding oil, and a support (17) for the tank, an outlet (22) for the reaction products and an outlet (27) for combustion gases mixed with air.

4. - Device for conversion of residues of lubricating oils to diesel, in accordance with clause 1 characterized in that said condenser cooler tank (3) includes a rounded cylindrical tank (30), a heat exchanger tube (31) inside said tank (30) and a cooling system for water (38).

5. - A method for the conversion of residues of lubricating oils to diesel, characterized by the following stages: a) Reception of oil residues and cleaning of suspended solids and sludge. b) Dehydration of oil residues and preheating at a temperature of 200 ° C. c) Heating oil residues up to cracking temperature of 380 ° C. d) Cooling and condensation of the gases produced. e) Centrifugation and storage of diesel produced.

6. - A method for converting residues of lubricating oils to diesel in accordance with clause 5, characterized in that the oil residues clean of sludge and solids in suspension are heated inside the tank (1) to a temperature of 200 ° C through the heat transferred by a current of air and hot gases.

7. - A method for converting residues of lubricating oils to diesel according to clause 5, characterized in that the dehydrated oil is heated up to a temperature of 380 ° C or until the cracking reactions are carried out.

8. - A method for converting waste from lubricating oils to diesel according to clause 5, characterized in that the gases and vapors coming from the distiller reactor (2) pass through a heat exchanger (31) located inside a tank (30). ) which contains water (38) as a refrigerant.

9. - A method for converting waste from lubricating oils to diesel according to clauses 5, 6 and 7 characterized by heating through the walls of the tanks that make up the dehydrator (1) and the distiller reactor (2) by air hot and combustion gases produced by blowers (19 and 29) that are fed with recielado gas and an alternative fuel.