MX2013013120A - System for simulating the solar radiation spectrum and temperature. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a system for simulating the solar radiation spectrum and temperature. The invention includes: a support for an orbital motion simulator able to be displaced in a range of from about 0° to about 180°; on which a simulator of rotational motion with displacements ranging from about 0°to about 180° is displaced, which is able to emit radiation and temperature over a predetermined area of a sample carrier. The invention is useful for performing samples and simulations to different systems and equipment such as photovoltaic panels, thermal solar collectors, green roofs, thermal insulating systems, photo bioreactor systems, plants and microalgae growth for producing biomass and biofuel, bioclimatic architecture, energy audits, greenhouses and further solar devices, since this system allows the solar radiation spectrum to be simulated and controlled as well as the solar geometry considering the temperature effect.

Description

SIMULATOR SYSTEM OF THE SOLAR RADIATION SPECTRUM AND TEMPERATURE DESCRIPTION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The purpose of the present patent application is to provide a simulation system for the spectrum of solar radiation and solar geometry that considers the effect of temperature in relation to the intensity of radiation and the type of light used. Conformed by a translation movement simulator and a rotation movement simulator which allows to vary the hour angle.

BACKGROUND In recent years the implementation of solar technologies has increased considerably due to the technological improvements that allow solar technologies to be increasingly profitable. Most systems and equipment produced to exploit solar radiation require a testing stage to determine their efficiency and real performance. Given the random behavior of the weather, these tests can not be carried out with complete certainty, which increases the uncertainty in the determination of their efficiency. The system described in the present patent application allows testing and simulations of different systems and equipment such as photovoltaic panels, solar thermal collectors, green roofs, thermal insulation systems, photobioreactor systems, and for the growth of plants and microalgae for the production of biomass and biofuels, bioclimatic architecture, energy audits, nurseries and other solar devices; This is because this system allows to simulate and control the spectrum of solar radiation and solar geometry considering the effect of temperature. Said tests are carried out in controlled interior spaces replicating the natural conditions for different days of the year and different geographical locations without depending on the weather during such period.

There are several solar radiation simulation systems, ranges of radiation vary with respect to the implementation; therefore, different devices can be cited: Patent CN101290340 describes a solar radiation generator system of LEDs which can simulate the standard AM 1.5 solar spectrum and can be used for efficiency tests of a solar battery or a small-sized photovoltaic component at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius and with the irradiation of the standard sun AM1.5. The solar LED simulator adopts LED lights with various colors, ensuring that the combined total spectrum has a range that covers the solar spectrum from the near infrared to the near ultraviolet, the light intensity of several wavebands of the solar spectrum is adjusted with the number of LEDs and the current intensity of the LEDs to perform the simulation of the solar spectrum. Because it is static, that is, it does not reproduce the solar geometry conditions, the total number of LEDs is adjusted to satisfy the requirement of solar simulation of a laboratory to perform the synthesis of AM1.5. This patent application only simulates the standard AM1.5 solar spectrum that corresponds to 1,000 W / m2, in addition it does not make any relation between the irradiation power and the temperature; It is also used only for tests of solar batteries and photovoltaic components. Unlike the patent CN101290340, the present patent application allows to reproduce the conditions of geometry, to simulate different power spectra, in addition there is a relationship between the simulated power and the temperature profile, it also has a wider range of applications such as mentioned previously Another solar technology is described in the patent CN101493429, which presents a solar irradiation simulator consisting of a power control unit, a power regulator, a sensor, a light wall, a main control and an interface of deployment. The power regulator receives the intensity of the radiation that is radiated by the light wall to an object measured by the sensor and then process and transmit the intensity of radiation to the main control; comparing the intensity of radiation with a fixed target value, the main control returns the result thereof to the power regulator that regulates the power that is supplied to the wall of light by a control unit of the light source according to the returned result and controls the intensity of radiation of the light wall. The simulator solves a series of problems in the aspect that the intensity of the light source is not easily controlled. The wall of light sends the wave of light which simulates the spectrum of solar radiation, and in this way makes the experiment more suitable to the real, truer and more reliable natural environment. This patent application does not make dependent relationship between the temperature and the irradiation emitted by the light source unlike the current patent application that does this relationship.

The patent WO / 2012/096565 is about a solar simulator comprising at least one high intensity discharge lamp (HID) and at least one halogen lamp, which are applied simultaneously and are equipped with infrared filter to provide a mixture of light approaching sunlight radiated, where the infrared filters are incorporated as a reflecting sheet of heat mounted on a transparent substrate. The reflecting sheet of heat is preferably provided with a repetitive pattern of perforations. This patent application does not have a dependent relationship between the temperature and the radiation emitted by the light source, since it uses infrared filters between the light source and the objective. The current patent application does have a direct relationship between irradiation and temperature, and infrared filters are not used.

Patent EP 1463092 relates to a method for irradiating an object with simulated solar radiation using a plurality of light sources, the object is irradiated with simulated solar radiation resulting from the superposition of light rays from the plurality of light sources, including light sources having different times in which the light emitting output reaches a peak; this last patent application focuses only on the irradiation profile and does not take into account the effect that temperature has on the behavior of the targets irradiated during the tests, also does not have the degrees of freedom to reproduce the conditions of solar geometry at different angles, issues that the device described in the present patent application if taken into account.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES Figure 1. Schematic representation of the simulator system of the solar radiation spectrum and temperature.

Figure 2. Horizontal front view of the simulator system of the solar radiation spectrum and temperature.

Figure 3. Front view of translation movement simulator.

Figure 4. Schematic representation, top view simulator system of the solar radiation spectrum and temperature.

Figure 5. Example of simulator system implementation of the solar radiation and temperature spectrum.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present patent application provides a simulating system for the spectrum of solar radiation and temperature simultaneously, comprising: A support (1) for a translation movement simulator (2), on which it moves in a rotation movement simulator (3) capable of simultaneously emitting radiation and temperature over a certain area of a sample holder (4).

The support consists of a first (5) and second (6) posts placed in parallel and fixed to the floor at one end, the posts have equivalent dimensions, preferably a height of 1 to 1.5 m and each has its free end: A first rotary axis (7) perpendicular to the post and parallel to the floor, which protrudes from the internal and external side of the post and is located at a certain height, preferably 1.2 m from the floor; the end of the shaft that protrudes from the inner side, supports a graduated plate (9) from 0 to 360 °, the graduation of the graduated plate is counterclockwise and starts at the left end of the plate 90 ° with respect to the vertical of the post.

Following the graduated plate, a driven gear (10) of smaller diameter than the plate is placed, to allow the visual appreciation of the graduation, and which has a degree indicator (11), which allows to control the displacement of the movement simulator. translation; The first and second posts also have a second rotary axis (7) perpendicular to the post, the second rotary axis projects only from the inner side of the post, located at a lower height than the first rotary axis; In the second rotating shaft that protrudes through the internal part of the post, a conductive gear (12) is placed. The driven magnification (10) and the conductive gear (12) of each post are placed linearly to the post, are in contact and coincide in their diametral pitch, to allow the conductor largeness (12) to direct the movement of the driven gear, which achieves the movement of the translation movement simulator (2). The driver gear has a crank (18) that rotates the gears, so the translation simulator system can be moved mechanically or automatically by means of a motor.

At the end of the first rotating axes protruding from the external side, each of the two ends of the simulator of the translation movement (2) is fixed; the simulator of the translation movement (2), consists of a semicircle whose diameter is defined by the distance of separation between it. first and second post; and the highest point of the semicircle is given by the height at which the first rotary axes are placed plus the radius of the semicircle, preferably the material of the translation movement simulator is stainless steel, galvanized steel or aluminum to decrease the weight of the structure; In addition, the translation movement simulator has a graduation from 0 to 180 ° in the semicircle, where 0o is at the left end and 180 ° is at the far right, and the degrees correspond to the angle of incidence of the sun in a certain time of day, on the translation movement simulator moves a rotation movement simulator (3), which consists of a set of lamps (13) capable of emitting radiation and heat simultaneously over a certain area located at the center of the semicircle. The set of lamps is moved through the manual motion simulator or automatically by means of a motor and its switching on and off is optionally mechanical or automatic.

In the event that the set of lamps has an automatic control this is done with a control device capable of selectively activating the set of lamps.

The set of lamps (13) of the rotation movement simulator are preferably incandescent and / or gas bulbs which, when switched on, will emit the same or different wavelengths, such as infrared light (<780 n), white light ( 400-780nm) and ultraviolet light (200-400 nm), which is the ultraviolet radiation with the shortest wavelength (360 nm) and carries a lot of energy and interferes with molecular bonds; the visible area whose wavelength is between 360 nm (violet) and 760 nm (red) and which, due to the energy it carries, has a great influence on living beings; finally, infrared radiation of more than 760 nm is the one that corresponds at longer wavelengths and carries little associated energy; its effect increases the agitation of the molecules, causing the increase of temperature, the use of these wavelengths are necessary to simulate the spectrum of solar radiation with their respective temperature profiles according to the simulated radiation intensity. Generally on a clear day at sea level where the sun's rays fall almost perpendicularly three-quarters of the energy that comes from the outside reaches the surface. Almost all of the ultraviolet radiation and much of the infrared is absorbed by the atmosphere, the percentage of infrared radiation that is received is 49%, the visible light is of .42% and that of ultraviolet radiation is 9%, for cloudy days the radiation received decreases considerably, especially the infrared.

The set of lamps (13) of the rotation movement simulator (3) allows an intensity range of 300 W / m2 to 1200 W / m2 and a temperature range of 31 ° C to 43 ° C respectively at a distance of 1.2 meters of the sample carrier (4).

The intensity of radiation is directly proportional to the temperature, this proportion is between 75-78 W / m2 ° C, this ratio radiation-temperature can be decoupled to keep the system simulating the solar radiation spectrum and temperature inside the a room with temperature control, this so that the system carries out tests with the guidelines marked by the protocols of study that dictate the corresponding norms to which the device subject to tests the relation between the temperature and the distance is exponential and the relation between the distance and the radiation it is also exponential, that is to say, the intensity of radiation and the temperature decrease exponentially when the distance between the set of lamps (2) and the irradiated target increases. To simulate a power of 300 W / m2 at said distance of 1.2 meters, between 260 W and 275 W of white light, between 65 W and 75 W of ultraviolet light and between 295 W and 315 W of infrared light are required; The intensity of radiation is directly proportional to the temperature. The external part of the lamp assembly is preferably stainless steel, chromed steel or ionized aluminum, while the internal part is formed of a reflective material.

In the area that receives the temperature and radiation emitted by the rotation simulator and the set of lamps, and is located at the center of the semicircle of the rotation movement simulator (3), where the sample holder is located (4) has the less a temperature sensor (14) and at least one radiation sensor (15), and can be wired or wireless, the temperature and radiation sensors (14 and 15) transmit the sensed information to a localized microcontroller (16) inside a data control and display device (17).

The simulation system of the spectrum of solar radiation and temperature has as an application to perform samples and simulations to different systems and equipment such as photovoltaic panels, solar thermal collectors, green roofs, thermal insulation systems, photobioreactor systems, for plant growth and microalgae for production of biomass and biofuels, bioclimatic architecture, energy audits, nurseries and other solar devices; This is because this system allows to simulate and control the spectrum of solar radiation and solar geometry considering the effect of temperature.

EXAMPLE In an exemplary embodiment, the solar radiation and temperature spectral simulation system is formed by a set of lamps (13) made of rectangular-shaped stainless steel with an area of 0.4 m2 with a capacity of up to 13 bulbs. number and type of foci to be implemented depends on the radiation intensity to be simulated and the desired temperature. In this example, the movement of the simulator of the solar radiation spectrum is manual, so that the set of lamps is attached by means of 4 clamps placed in its upper part to the translation movement simulator (2) of three meters in diameter supported by the first (5) and second post (6) of galvanized steel, with a freedom of rotation of 180 degrees, such that the set of lamps (13) points towards the center of the semicircle of the translation movement simulator and it can be traversed along this one fixing its position at different heights and angles. Said arch (3) is supported on each of its ends by two first rotary axes (9), which cross each of the two posts (5 and 6) of steel in the upper part at a height of 1.2 meters, so that the ends of the semicircle are on the outside of the posts. The first rotary axes (7) also hold the fixed steel graduated plate (9) of 53 cm diameter and the driven steel gear (10), the fixed graduated plate (9) is placed before the driven gear (10) . At the top of a post (5y 6) but at a lower height than the first rotary axes is the second rotary shaft (8) that supports a conductor gear (12) of steel; said driving gear (12) is in contact with the driven gear (10), the diameter of the driven gear (10) is greater than the diameter of the driving gear (12). The driver gear (12) has a crank (18) to rotate the gears and at the same time rotate the translation movement simulator (2).

First, determine the location and the day of the year for which you want to simulate the spectrum of solar radiation, to generate the intensity of the radiation spectrum and temperature corresponding to the location and day of the year chosen.

Determine the intensity of radiation and the temperature that you want to simulate the solar spectrum based on solar geometry, to determine the angle of the zenith, since this depends on the location of the set of lamps of the motion movement simulator, the angle of inclination of the translation movement simulator and the number and type of incandescent and / or gas bulbs.

Subsequently, take the reading of the intensity of radiation and the temperature of the light emitted by the simulator system of the solar radiation spectrum in the irradiated zone.

Finally, when the irradiated area is receiving the desired radiation intensity and temperature, it is suggested to place the subject under test in the sample holder (4) with which you want to work in the irradiated area at the center of the translation simulator system in such a way that it receives radiation and be able to observe the effects of it.

The subject to test may be: photovoltaic panels, solar thermal collectors, green roofs, thermal insulation systems, photobioreactor systems and for the growth of plants and microalgae.

The set of lamps (13) was placed at the corresponding height at 13:15 hours, represented in the semicircle as 105 ° from left to right, that is to say 15 ° after the highest point of the semicircle, with four infrared light sources of 250 W, two of white light of 400 W and seven of ultraviolet light of 30 W to simulate the spectrum of solar radiation and temperature. Then, the translation movement simulator (3) was placed at the latitude corresponding to May 16, 2013, in the city of Monterrcy, Mexico, which is an inclination of the translation motion simulator of 85 °, with respect to the horizontal. With intensity sensors of the radiation and temperature spectrum (15 and 14); the corresponding readings were taken for a lapse of fifteen minutes. The initial temperature was 36 degrees Celsius and the final temperature was 38.5 degrees Celsius; the average value of the radiation was 915 W / m2 at 1.23 meters distance from the luminaire (2), of this radiation 9% corresponds to ultraviolet light, 42% to white light and 49% to infrared light; conserving the proportions of the solar radiation spectrum. The actual radiation and temperature conditions corresponding to May 16, 2013 according to the measurements made in the external environment during the period of the test of the dynamic simulator system of the solar radiation spectrum (1) are the following: the average temperature It was 39 degrees Celsius and the average radiation was 930 W / m2 so an error of 4.61% was calculated for radiation, within which 1.61% corresponds to the inaccuracy of the radiation sensor (15) and 4.28% sensor of the temperature (14), within which the 1.28% corresponds to the imprecision of the temperature sensor, both with respect to the measurements made with the dynamic simulator system of the solar radiation spectrum.

Subsequently, a solar thermal collector was used with the following characteristics: a 1.5 m2 solar collection area, which has 12 CPVC pipes 1 meter long and ½ inch in diameter, connected in parallel to an de inch diameter head.; over the pipes is a 26-gauge galvanized steel plate painted in matt black and on that sidewalk plate there is a 3 mm acrylic cover; the collector is connected to a 50 liter tank of water, the tank is insulated with ½ inch thick fiberglass with an aluminum cover; also has an efficiency of 50%; said collector was placed under the simulator system of the solar radiation spectrum and temperature under the conditions described above, at 1.2 meters and for May 16 inside a room; their behavior was observed for a period of 3 hours starting at 1:15 p.m. the initial water temperature was 30 ° C and the final temperature was 36.5 ° C; The above coincides with the measurements taken from the same collector outside in the environment, where the initial water temperature was 30 ° C and the final temperature was 37 ° C.

Claims (17)

1. Simultaneous simulator system of the solar radiation spectrum and temperature characterized because it consists of: A support for a translation movement simulator, on which a rotary movement simulator capable of emitting radiation and temperature over a certain area of a sample holder is moved; particularly the Support consists of a first and second posts placed in parallel and fixed to the floor at one end, each post presents: - a first rotary axis perpendicular to the post projecting from the internal and external side of the post, located at a certain height; At the end of the shaft that protrudes from the inner side, a plate graduated from 0 to 360 ° is located, followed by a driven gear of smaller diameter than the plate, to allow the visual appreciation of the graduation, and which has a degree indicator , that will allow me to control the displacement of the translation movement simulator system; - a second rotary axis perpendicular to the post projecting only from the inner side of the post, located at a lower height than the first rotary axis; in the second rotating shaft that protrudes from the internal part of the post, a conductive gear is placed with a diametral pitch that coincides with the driven gear; and at the end of the first rotating axes protruding from the outer side, of each post one of the two ends of the simulator of the translation movement is fixed; the simulator of the translation movement, consists of a semicircle whose diameter is defined by the separation distance between the first and second posts; and the highest point of the semicircle is given by the height of the first rotating axes plus the radius of the semicircle; additionally this simulator of the translation movement has a graduation of 0 to 180 °, and the degrees correspond to the angle of incidence of the sun at a certain time of the day, on the translation movement simulator moves a rotation movement simulator, which consists of in a set of lamps capable of emitting radiation and heat simultaneously over a certain area located at the center of the semicircle, where a sample holder is located that has at least one temperature sensor and at least one radiation sensor, which transmit the sensed information to a microcontroller located inside a device for control and visualization of data.

2. Simultaneous simulator system of the spectrum of solar radiation and temperature according to claim 1 characterized in that the height of the poles is preferably from 1 to 1.5 m.

3. The simultaneous simulator system of the solar radiation spectrum and temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation distance between the poles is preferably 3 m.

4. The simultaneous simulator system of the solar radiation and temperature spectrum according to claim 1 characterized in that the first rotary axis is located at a height of 1.2 m from the pole.

5. Simultaneous simulator system of the spectrum of solar radiation and temperature according to claim 1 characterized in that the simulator of the translation movement preferably has a radius of 1.5 m.

6. The simultaneous simulator system of the solar radiation and temperature spectrum according to claim 1, characterized in that the translation movement simulator moves mechanically or automatically.

7. Simultaneous simulator system of the spectrum of solar radiation and temperature according to claim 7, characterized in that the automatic displacement is carried out with a motor.

8. The simultaneous simulator system of the solar radiation and temperature spectrum according to claim 1 characterized in that the graduation of the translation movement simulator increases gradually at least every 15o.

9. Simultaneous simulator system of the spectrum of solar radiation and temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that the translation movement simulator moves to replicate solar geometry conditions for different lengths, latitudes and seasons of the year.

10. Simultaneous simulator system of the spectrum of solar radiation and temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that the simulator of the rotation movement is moved manually or automatically.

11. Simultaneous simulator system of the spectrum of solar radiation and temperature according to claim 10, characterized in that the automatic displacement is carried out by means of a motor.

12. The simultaneous simulation system of the solar radiation and temperature spectrum according to claim 1, characterized in that the set of lamps of the rotation movement simulator is controlled mechanically or automatically.

13. Simultaneous simulator system of the spectrum of solar radiation and temperature according to claim 13, characterized in that the automatic control is carried out with a controller device capable of selectively activating the set of lamps.

14. Simultaneous simulator system of the spectrum of solar radiation and temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that the set of lamps of the rotation movement simulator are preferably gas and incandescent bulbs.

15. Simultaneous simulator system of the spectrum of solar radiation and temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation movement simulator inside is formed of reflective material.

16. Simultaneous simulator system of the spectrum of solar radiation and temperature according to claim 1 characterized in that the set of lamps of the rotation movement simulator emulate the solar radiation emitting radiation in the infrared, ultraviolet, and white spectra, with an increase in temperature dependent on said radiation.

17. Simultaneous simulator system of the spectrum of solar radiation and temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature and radiation sensors are wired or wireless.