MX2011008726A - Modular block. - Google Patents

Abstract

Modular block (10, 10', 10") for civil works, comprising a base body (11), a plurality of structural protrusions (12) that develop from the base body (11) according to a matrix configuration and interconnecting means (14) to blocks (10, 10', 10") belonging to the same modular system. Around the structural protrusions (12) there is some space (Sl, S2) suitable for defining channels (C) for the arrangement of material and/or for the passage and/or the standing of liquids and/or air. These channels (C) are formed by coupling or arranging side by side of blocks (10, 10', 10") belonging to the same modular system.

Description

MODULAR BLOCK Technical Field The present invention relates to the field of construction systems for civil works, and more particularly refers to a modular block for civil works that is particularly useful in the production of subgrades, although not exclusively for this. The present invention also relates to a modular system for civil works that can be composed using the aforementioned block.

State of Specialty When it is necessary to produce a civil structure such as a pavement or the analogous that requires a subgrade that guarantees a certain static load capacity, a combination of structures is generally used, which can be constructed of different materials such as lime, concrete, concrete reinforced, metals, artificial or natural stone material, plastic materials.

In addition to the static loading capacity mentioned above, subgrade is often required to have drainage and aeration capabilities and lightness characteristics.

Typical subgrades are produced by creating several layers of stone materials of different types, allowing drainage but not guaranteeing the static loading capacity or any necessary aeration of the subgrade structure.

Other subgrades are produced with artificial structures, such as automobile tires or bricks of various materials. The first they allow drainage and any necessary aeration of the subgrade, but they do not have a high static load capacity, while the seconds can adequately support the previous loads but do not allow an optimal drainage or adequate aeration.

On the other hand, none of these types of subgrade is well suited to be combined with other structures, such as pipes, conduits for electricity, electrowelded mesh to produce concrete layers, etc.

In addition, these types of subgrade are particularly burdensome in terms of installation times, both in the case of layers of stone material (whose arrangement requires some experience in the distribution of the material and the use of suitable machinery for compaction), as in the case of the use of bricks (which are usually heavy and consolidated in an unsatisfactory manner except when they are simply placed side by side).

It is known modules or artificial blocks that combined together allow to form walls or lateral retention dikes for slopes, embankments, etc. or true artificial terraces of surfaces for the development of vegetation. These types of modules have been described, for example, in U.S. Pat. 6,543,969 and WO 03/076727. The only function of these modules is to laterally contain the forces of an embankment or to serve as a support for the development of the vegetation and, therefore, they can not be used as subgrades, since they do not have adequate structural and functional characteristics.

Objective and Review of the Invention The object of the present invention is to provide a modular block for civil works that solves the aforementioned drawbacks and, more particularly, that it is capable of being assembled with similar blocks in a simple and fast manner and that it adapts well to other structures to be arranged or produced at the installation site.

Another important objective of the present invention is to produce a modular block for civil works that allows an optimum drainage if it is used as a subgrade and that has aeration characteristics.

These and other objectives, which will be more evident below, are achieved with a modular block for civil works comprising a base body, at least one structural projection that develops from the base body and means of interconnection to blocks belonging to the same modular system. Around this structural projection there is a certain space designed to define a part of a channel for the arrangement of material and / or for the passage and / or the permanence of liquids and / or air; this channel is formed by coupling or arranging blocks belonging to the same modular system side by side.

Preferably, the base body has a substantially planar support surface and the structural projection develops substantially in the opposite direction to this support surface and is orthogonal to it. The same block can be used inverted, that is, with the end face of the structural projection acting as a support plane.

When the block is arranged in place, the structural projection develops substantially upward, preferably in accordance with a vertical direction. The channel defined around the projection is thus substantially horizontal.

The interconnection between modular blocks is preferably produced according to an interconnection direction concordant with the development direction of the structural project.

Preferably, the modular block comprises at least two structural projections spaced apart from one another to delimit the space defining opposite portions of the channel part.

With a structure of this type, the block according to the invention makes it possible to compose complex structures that are: a) particularly stable due to the presence of interconnection means, b) resistant to high loads due to the structural protrusions, and c) provided with aeration and drainage characteristics due to the combination of projections that, next to one another, define one or preferably more channels. In addition to the circulation of air and the passage of water, these channels also allow any necessary provision of reinforcement material, the provision of hydraulic pipes or conduits for electricity, the provision of electrowelded mesh and other structures.

Conveniently, the invention also comprises a modular system for civil works structures that can be composed and comprising one or more modules formed by one or more modular blocks according to the above description; These modules vary among themselves in the number of structural protrusions. The modules can be composed according to a side-by-side arrangement of the base bodies of the blocks and / or the superposition of other blocks in order to couple the lower modules to the upper ones according to a vertical direction; A module layer side by side may be coupled at the top with other modules according to a stacked arrangement, that is, upper modules aligned on lower modules, or according to a keyed arrangement, that is, top modules overlapping astride on a couple of lower modules, thus ensuring a lateral connection between portions of the block structure. The aforementioned channels are defined between adjacent structural protrusions of the same block or of blocks placed side by side, it being possible to insert in them, for example, filling material, structural material associated with electrowelded mesh, or pipes, etc. In addition, in these channels (in practice preferably a network of channels that intersect each other) can circulate air or water.

In a preferred embodiment, said modular system that can be composed comprises a first module formed by a block with quadrangular base and four structural projections arranged according to a 2x2 matrix and a second module formed by a block with quadrangular base and sixteen structural projections arranged according to a 4x4 matrix, said channels being delimited between said projections defined for each layer of blocks according to a network of branches that cross each other.

According to a particularly convenient use of the invention, the block is used as a subgrade, that is, as a suitable block to be arranged in its place below the floor or pavement level, that is, when it is arranged in its place , have in your vertical other blocks, ground or pavement completely superimposed on the block.

Other advantageous features of the invention are indicated in the appended claims and will be described in more detail below referring to non-limiting examples of embodiment of the invention.

Brief Description of the Drawings The invention will be better understood by following the description and accompanying drawings, where: Figure 1 represents a top axonometric view in ¾ of a first block according to the invention.

Figure 2 represents a bottom plan view of the block of the Figure 1.

Figure 3 represents a front view of the block of Figure 1.

Figure 4 represents a front view of a portion, partially in section, of a structure formed by blocks as in Figure 1, coupled with another.

Figure 5 represents a top axonometric view in ¾ of a plurality of second blocks according to the invention, belonging to the same modular system as the block shown in the preceding figures, coupled together.

Figure 6 represents a side view of the plurality of coupled blocks of Figure 5.

Figure 7 represents a bottom plan view of a second block shown in Figures 5 and 6.

Figure 8 represents a top axonometric view in ¾ of a third block according to the invention, belonging to the same modular system as the blocks shown in the preceding figures.

Figure 9 represents a bottom plan view of the block of the Figure 8 Figure 10 represents a front view in section of the block of the Figure 8 Figures 11 to 14 represent five schematic examples of the installation of blocks according to the invention.

Detailed Description of an Invention Realization Referring to Figures 1 to 4 cited above, a first example of a modular block according to the invention is indicated as a whole with the number 10.

In the examples that follow, the block is used as a subgrade, that is, as a suitable block to be installed below the ground or pavement level. In practice, when the block is arranged in its place, it has in its vertical another blocks, ground or pavement superimposed completely on the block (see in particular Figures 11 to 15).

The block has a base body 11, with a square-shaped base, formed by a flat central portion 11A and four side flanges 11 B that develop from the periphery of the central portion 1A in a direction substantially orthogonal to it, defining in practice the lateral edge of the base body 11.

Structural projections 12, (four in this example) develop from the flat central portion 11A, in the same direction of development of the flanges 11B. In particular, these projections 12 are disposed on the base body 11 according to a 2x2 matrix configuration.

According to a particularly convenient block structure, each structural projection is formed by a central turret 12A and reinforcing lateral bastions 12B arranged on opposite sides of the turret. More particularly, the turret has a substantially square base section and the bastions 12B are in practice pylon-like bodies produced in the four corner portions of the turret 12A. As can be seen in the figures, the end face of each projection 12 is substantially flat and parallel to the flat central portion 11A.

The block 10 is composed of a one-piece helmet made of a molded plastic material. The structure of the hull, that is to say a non-massive structure that develops mainly within a given thickness interval, allows to significantly limit the weight of the block, without prejudice to the structural resistance, in the direction of development of the projections 12.

This hull structure of the block of the example being described is also provided with a cavity 12C defined within each projection 12 and open in the flat central portion 11A. Each projection is in practice a bowl type body with integral edges with the base body 11. The bowl type body is flared, thus allowing the blocks to be stacked vertically for storage (the structural projections are arranged within the cavities of the projections above). It is also noted that the bastions 12B do not have a consistent thickness. As seen in all the figures, the projections 12 develop orthogonal to the central flat portion 11A, which acts as a support for the module or blocks that can be superimposed on top of them (see for example Figures 4, 11-15 ). When placed in place, the block is preferably arranged so that the flat portion 11A is substantially horizontal and the projections 12 are substantially vertical.

To increase the stiffness of the structural protrusions 12, reinforcement ribs 11C are disposed between the flanges 11 B of the base body 11 and the sides of the protrusions facing these flanges. There are analogous ribs 11C also arranged between the sides of the projections in their area of base.

As clearly seen in the figures, between the side edge 11 B of the base body 11 and the sides of the structural projections near the side edge there is some space, indicated by S1. More particularly, according to a convenient embodiment, the transverse width of said space S1, ie, the distance between the lateral shoulders 1 B defining the lateral edge of the base body 11 and the side of each projection 12 closest to this lateral edge, is substantially equal to half the distance S2 between two adjacent structural protrusions 12 to define part of said channel (in this form, as will be more evident later on, when two blocks are placed side by side, the distance between the projections of a block will be equal to the distance between the projections in the limits of the two blocks, as seen in Figure 4).

In practice, as best described below, more generally around the structural projections 12 there is a certain space S1 / S2 which, when there are several blocks arranged side by side (and if necessary stacked, as described below) , defines useful C channels for the material arrangement and / or for the passage and / or the permanence of liquids and / or air. It is understood that in each block 10, each pair of side-by-side projections 12 defines opposite portions of a part of a channel. These channels C are delimited by the sides of the structural projections, so that they are also formed between the outer projections of two blocks when they are arranged side by side.

The distribution of the matrix of the structural projections 12 ensures that once the blocks are arranged side by side, a network of channels that cross orthogonally between them is formed.

As the block is arranged in place according to a horizontal development, that is, with the flat support portion 11A arranged horizontally, the channels C are substantially horizontal.

To make a structure formed by blocks 10 have more unit, these are provided with means 14 for interconnecting to similar blocks or to different blocks, although belonging to the same modular system.

As is evident in the figures, the interconnection between the modular blocks preferably takes place in accordance with an interconnection direction which agrees with the direction of development of the structural protrusions 12, i.e. in accordance with a direction of coupling between blocks parallel to each other. the direction of development of the outgoing.

These interconnection means 14 comprise, for example, for each structural projection 12, an alternating series of holes 15A and appendages 15B that develops on the face of the flat central portion 11A opposite to that from which the projections 12, around of the development axis of this projection (12). More particularly, in this example, this series is provided with two holes 15A and two appendixes 15B arranged alternately at the corners of the edge of the cavities 12C of the projection 2.

As clearly seen in Figure 4, the appendages 15B of a first block are designed to be coupled with the holes 15A of the series of appendages and holes present in the other blocks of the same modular system arranged inverted with respect to the first.

In the embodiment of the block according to the invention, the blocks of the same modular system are coupled along the direction of the axes of the projections 12 to create block structures in "layers" in which the blocks of each layer are turned by 180 ° with respect to the blocks of the adjacent layers.

The series of holes 15A and appendages 15B mentioned above allows the coupling of two blocks that are arranged opposite each other with the faces of the base bodies 11 on top of each other.

The interconnection means 14 also comprise means allowing the coupling of two blocks arranged according to a direction opposite to that allowed by the series of holes / appendages 15A, 15B. In particular, these means comprise, on the end face of each structural projection 12, a perforation 16A or a protrusion 16B of a shape suitable for coupling with a seat equal to the perforation 16A.

The arrangement of the perforations / protuberances 16A / 16B at the ends of the structural protrusions is alternating, in the sense that two side-by-side structural protrusions have, respectively, a perforation and a protrusion. An example of coupling is shown in Figure 4. In practice, when coupled with another block of the same modular system, the protrusion 16B or the perforation 16A of said interconnecting means 14 of a first block are suitable for respectively coupling with a perforation 16A or a protrusion 16B present on the end face of the structural protrusions of the other block arranged inverted with respect to the first. The manner in which the perforations 16A allow the drainage of any liquids that infiltrate the cavities 12C (it is understood that other drainage holes for liquids can also be provided) is observed.

As said, the blocks 10 can be mutually composed according to an arrangement of the base bodies 11 side by side and by superposition of other blocks in order to couple the lower blocks with the upper blocks by interconnection according to a vertical direction (referring to the accompanying drawings, being possible also to compose them in inclined or parallel planes with respect to the vertical).

More particularly, a layer of blocks 10 side by side on top of other blocks 10 can be coupled in accordance with a stacked arrangement, that is, the upper blocks perfectly aligned on the lower blocks, obviously with an opposite orientation of some of the others as can be seen in Figures 12, 14 and 15.

Alternatively to the stacked arrangement, the upper blocks can be arranged on the lower blocks according to a keyed arrangement, that is, with the upper blocks overlapped on a pair of lower blocks, as can be seen in Figures 4 and 13 The keyed arrangement allows connecting the block structure also in a transverse direction.

It is understood that the variants of the blocks described above may include side interconnecting side blocks, such as interconnected couplings or a simple insertion of male and female.

In addition, more generally, the variants of the block described above can relate, for example, to the shape of the protrusions and of the base body so that the blocks can be vertically coupled together without inverting the upper blocks. Obviously, other variants of the form may also be included, for example both in relation to the projections (which without however they must remain "structural", that is, form an integral part of the block structure so that it can adequately resist compression loads and simultaneously define portions of said channels). Other variants may be related to the shape and dimensions of the base body 11 and the number of structural protrusions.

For example, Figures 5, 6 and 7 show a second block analogous to one previously described, indicated as a whole with the number 10 '. This second block varies with respect to the first in its dimensions and in the number of structural protrusions (for simplicity, the reference numbers of the components of this second block 10 'are the same as in the first block 10). The base body 11 has a square shape with lateral dimensions that are twice those of the first block 10 and has sixteen projections 12 arranged according to a matrix configuration of 4 x 4. In practice, this second modular block 10 'corresponds to four blocks 10 side by side to form a square. In particular, the way in which three second blocks connected in a keyed arrangement are present in Figures 5 and 6 is observed. Furthermore, Figures 8, 9 and 10 show a third block 10"composed of a single structural projection 12. The base body 11 has a square shape with sides having half the dimension with respect to the dimensions of the first block 10, that is, this first block 10 corresponds to four third blocks 10"side by side according to a square layout. It is observed how, preferably, the third block 10"has only the orifice 16A (which also acts as a drain for water) as an interconnection means, but could also have only the protrusion 16 B. It is obvious that variants of the same block 10" can include the appendices / holes 15B / 15A around the cavity 12C, on the flat portion 11 A.

In practice, the three modular blocks 10, 10 'and 10"described form the modules of a modular system for civil works structures that can be composed.The modular nature is given in practice by the equivalence of the distance between centers of construction. the structural protrusions of the various modules, which are constant, and the proportionality present between the sides of these modules and, obviously, by the correspondence of the interconnection means.

It is understood that a modular system of this type can also comprise modules of different dimensions, for example with a configuration having an odd number of projections (3x3 or 5x5 and relative multiples). Any variants of the modules may also comprise base bodies of a shape other than square, for example rectangular, with a matrix arrangement (for example 2x1, 3x2, 2x4, etc.). In addition, although the quadrangular shape is considered to be the more convenient in terms of ease of installation, the shape of the base bodies of other modules may be, for example, different being possible to provide regular polygonal shapes with a number of sides according to the needs. Obviously, the base bodies can also have particular shapes, such as L-shape, or T-shape, in the case of particular compositional needs.

The uses of blocks such as those described are many. For example, Figures 11, 12 and 13 show an application relating to the production of a subgrade for pavements beside the base B of a mast for lighting or other purposes. In particular, Figure 11 shows a structure incorporated in the floor T and formed by a first layer of sand, a layer of blocks 10 side by side, an electrowelded mesh R disposed between the networks of channels C defined by the projections 12, a concrete dump G in the channels C to incorporate in the upper part the blocks 10 and the mesh R and a surface pavement P.

Figure 12 shows an application for pavements similar to that described, in which the materials are substantially the same, but in which the structure of the blocks 10 consists of two superimposed layers, in which the upper layer is produced by stacking the blocks upper ones on the lower blocks, the appendages 16B and the holes 16A fitting together. In this case, the C channels are also limited in the upper part by the upper layer. In this example there are two electrowelded meshes R on the C channels.

Figure 13 shows a pavement analogous to one of the previous figures, in which the block layers are three. The first two from the bottom are interconnected with a stacked arrangement, while the third layer above is interconnected with the second with a keyed arrangement. The way in which the simple blocks 10"are arranged at the ends of the second layer of blocks 10, as a closure is observed Finally, it is observed how, in this structure, the channels formed comprise two networks of channels of stepped height.

Figure 14 shows an application of the modules to an embankment structure that can be used, for example, as an acoustic barrier. In this case the blocks 10 are arranged in layers to produce a pyramid configuration. In this case, the embankment consists of blocks 10, of stabilized material M arranged around the blocks 10 and in the defined C channels. between them, and from an upper layer of Earth T.

Figure 15 shows a depression I produced by an excavation that has been filled with a block structure 10 surrounded on the periphery by stabilized material M and covered on the top with soil T so that the depression is closed but can still be filled with water that seeps from the earth and finds space in the C channels defined between the projections 12 which, in this configuration, are not filled with any structural or filling material. In this way the depression is totally safe, since you can walk on the part that closes it, taking into account the capacity of static load adequate of the blocks.

As can be seen in the figures, the C channels that are formed between two overlapping blocks are in practice tunnels, that is, they are closed at the top by the upper block, whereas when the blocks are not used superimposed, the C channels they are "open" at the top.

It is understood that the structures formed by these blocks can be used, for example, to produce aerated floors, French drainage, etc.

In general, in all sectors where it is necessary to produce aerated pavements of different heights capable of containing distribution networks of normal services, those that can be assembled quickly, have a considerable capacity of static load, low cost and are very light. , can be produced with these blocks / modules. The practical examples of these sectors are: civil and industrial pavements ventilated and elevated, hanging Gardens, natural acoustic barriers, closing of excavated quarries, production of road subgrade, natural access ramps for superelevations, production of foundations for football courts and high-draining tennis courts, Covers for sealing earth retaining walls pavement and covers of ponds and depressions for the collection of rainwater, floating docks, pavements for cyclists and pedestrians.

Some technical characteristics of some examples of blocks / modules are the following: a module with sides measuring 300 mm by 300 mm and with a height of 250 mm, average thickness of 5 mm, with a single structural projection and weighing approximately 2 kg, a module with sides measuring 600 mm by 600 mm and with a height of 250 mm, average thickness of 5 mm, with four structural projections arranged in a 2x2 matrix and weighing approximately 9.6 kg, a module with sides measuring 1200 mm by 1200 mm and with a height of 250 mm, average thickness of 5 mm, with sixteen structural projections arranged in a 4X4 matrix and weighing approximately 32/34 kg, As said, the aforementioned modules can be assembled in any way, in a keyed arrangement and in another way, also between modules of different sizes, to produce floors with maximum optimization and achieve excellent vertical and lateral stability, by means of interconnecting elements.

These modules can be integrated by accessories, which give them a total completion to be used in the various sectors mentioned, so that each application can be implemented in a complete way, for example electrical conduits, hydraulic pipes, electrowelded mesh , accessories for irrigation, boxes for electromechanical components of gates, sensors of different nature, etc.

An important aspect of the blocks / modules is linked to the weight that is considerably lower than all types of raw materials currently used for structures with an analogous function. However, this low weight does not prevent the static load capacity, which is still more than enough for the uses. The use of plastic materials has allowed to reduce the weights, while the idea of producing a base with projections that act as a structural support has allowed to maintain an adequate static load capacity. As a result of the very low weight (-5% / - 10% of conventional stone materials, such as concrete, sand, stabilized material, etc.) the invention allows transportation and installation costs that are well below the conventional costs .

The considerable static load capacity given to the modules is also a result of a construction of the projections of the tapered pillar type (the turret 12A), reinforced at the corners with a double rib. This construction also allows the modules to be stacked and an optimum balanced position of the injection nozzles for the injection molding of the blocks (nozzles at the ends of the projections). It is intended to give the term "conical" the meaning of a flared / tapered body.

These protrusions in the shape of a truncated cone connect the primary and secondary laying surfaces, with numerous lateral reinforcing ribs 11C and central 11C. The primary laying surfaces are reinforced by a high flange 11B of 80 mm, well secured to the projections by the ribs mentioned above.

A practical example relating to three modules of the dimensions indicated above provides the means for the use of plastic materials mixed with aggregates that produce elastic modulus comprised between 600 Mp -870 Mp (average values), compression forces equal to 1.2 Kg / mm2 - 1.5 Kg / mm2, tensile strength 0.8 Kg / mm2 - 1.2 Kg / mm2. In total, for the three blocks described, the static load capacity is equal to 300 x 300 mm: 5 tons, 600 x 600 mm: 15 tons, 1. 200 x 1,200 mm: 45 tons.

Centering cavities and projections (the interconnection means) are produced on the two positioning surfaces (base body and ends of the projections), to allow a connection in all directions, centered and in a keyed arrangement to allow to also form embankments with superimposed, stable and compact layers. In the first laying surfaces (base body), the centering tips have small dimensions and are pointed, so that they can easily penetrate and secure to the laying surface.

All the pavement, even if it is in layers, unloads all the weight on truncated cone-shaped pillars (projections); as in any type of assembly these elements are always aligned with the load and with a constant spacing of 300 mm, with reference to the example of dimensions given above).

Again with reference to these dimensional examples, the modules have a 10/250 mm taper, with truncated ribs, of 100 mm. height, which allows them to be stacked with the same general dimensions, resting on them to prevent the blocking of tapers and making it extremely easy to lift and manipulate, manually and automatically.

The surfaces of placement of the modules, primary (base body) and secondary (upper end of the projections) are provided with holes in order to allow the discharge of the water that would accumulate in these areas. It is possible to do without the holes in all those cases in which the couplings are required to be hermetic (by welding) to float (floating springs).

The composition of the pavements, in any form that takes place, originates internal cavities orthogonal to each other and continuous, which pass from one end to the other, to allow the insertion of construction reinforcements for concreted castings considerably relieved, but extremely stable.

The internal cavities also allow to place pipes and conduits of electricity, both during the installation and later, so that it can be provided to normal domestic and industrial services in the terrain and on road embankments, lighting systems and pipes. for water and gas networks during its production.

With the production of halves of elements (300 x 600) and (600 x 1200), it is possible to produce pavements with vertical ends in a block, to be able to produce boxes for prefabricated lighting points, effective ducts to house pipes and beams of larger dimensions than 80 mm and heights of 250, 500, and 750 mm.

Inserting appropriate inserts in the molds, the modules can be molded with reinforced holes to insert, according to the application, supports, quick couplings, mooring for fixing walls, spacers, etc., for road signs, railings, mobile barriers Jersey, supports for cables and tubes.

In the case of subgrades for road embankments, the layering of these modules can have very low compression performances, so that after the previous loading formed by the pavement, by the surface of the road, by the concrete castings structured, etc., they maintain a constant level in time, in order to avoid the undesirable steps that can be noticed in the joints of the embankments manufactured with conventional stone materials with a continuous consolidation.

Due to the use of plastic materials, the capillary effect present in all stone materials (sands, clays, etc.) is prevented, thus preventing moisture from rising to the pavements.

These subgrades or pavements commonly have optimal behavior, but in general when the terrain has deficient static load capacities, that is, it is very soft and irregular, also because the rigid layers distribute the load better and more regularly over the placement surface.

In connection with the above description, the modular system according to the invention can also be provided with accessories such as bleachers, access ramps, pedestrian passages, axial expansion joints for structures undergoing expansion, containers for lateral drainage of water from rain, drainage wells, etc., all of which can be interconnected with the modules / blocks described above.

It is understood that the drawing shows only possible non-limiting embodiments of the invention, which may vary in forms and arrangements but without departing from the scope of the concept on which the invention is based.

Any reference numbers in the appended claims are provided solely for ease of reading, in light of the foregoing description and the accompanying drawings, and do not in any way limit the scope of protection.

Claims (15)

1. - Modular block for civil works, characterized in that it comprises a base body, at least one structural protrusion that develops from said base body and means of interconnection to blocks belonging to the same modular system, said at least one protrusion being at least one structural part at least partially certain space (S1, S2) designed to define a part of a channel (C) for the arrangement of material and / or for the passage and / or the permanence of liquids and / or air, said channel being formed (C) coupling or arranging, side by side, blocks belonging to the same modular system, wherein said block is integrated by a one-piece helmet made of a molded plastic material.

2. - Block according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least two of said structural protrusions spaced apart to delimit a space (S2) that defines opposite portions of said channel part (C).

3. - Block according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of structural projections (spaced apart to delimit in pairs a space (S2) defining respective opposite portions of channel parts (C), said structural projections being distributed according to with a distribution matrix.

4. - Block according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises four structural projections or sixteen structural projections.

5. - Block according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that between a lateral edge of said base body and the side of a structural projection near said lateral edge there is a certain space to define a part of said channel (C).

6. - Block according to claim 2 and one or more of claims 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the distance between the lateral edge of said base body and the side of a structural projection near said lateral edge is substantially equal to half the distance between two adjacent structural protrusions.

7. - Block according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one structural projection develops from one face of said base body and contains an open cavity on the opposite face of said base body.

8. - Block according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one structural projection has a central turret and lateral bastions disposed on opposite sides of said turret.

9. - Block according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side edge of said base body is composed of side rims that rise in the same direction of development of said at least one structural projection, having between said at least one projection and at least one of said flanges reinforcement ribs.

10. - Block according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one through hole for discharge of liquid is provided on the end face of said at least one structural projection.

11. - Block according to one or more of the claims above, characterized in that said interconnection means comprise, on the face of said base body opposite to that of the development of said at least one structural projection, at least one alternate series of holes and appendages that develops around the axis of development of said structural projection; the appendixes of said interconnection means of a first block being designed, in a coupling with other blocks of the same modular system, to be coupled with the holes of said series of appendages and holes present in the other blocks arranged in an inverted form with respect to the First.

12. - Block according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said interconnection means comprise, on the end face of said at least one structural projection, a perforation or a projection with a suitable shape for coupling with a seat equal to said piercing; the projection or the hole of said interconnecting means of a first block, in a coupling with another block of the same modular system, suitable for reciprocally coupling with a perforation or a projection present on the end face of the structural projection of the other block arranged in inverted form with respect to the first.

13. - Block according to claim 12, characterized in that on two adjacent structural projections there are, respectively, a protuberance and a perforation.

14. - A modular system for civil works that can be composed, comprising one or more modules formed of one or more modular blocks according to one or more of the preceding claims, said modules varying among themselves in the number of structural projections, being said modules according to a side by side arrangement of the base bodies of the blocks and / or the superposition of other blocks for coupling the lower modules with the upper ones by the interconnection, according to a vertical direction, of a layer of side-by-side modules that are capable of being coupled at the top with other modules according to a stacked arrangement, that is, the upper modules aligned on lower modules, or according to a keyed arrangement, that is, the upper modules overlapped straddling a pair of lower modules, between adjacent structural protrusions of the same block or blocks arranged side by side, said channels (C) being defined for the arrangement of material and / or for the passage or permanence of liquids and / or air.

15. - The use of a modular block according to one or more of the preceding claims, as a subgrade to be disposed in its place under the ground or pavement level, that is, when it is arranged in its place, having one or more of the following in its vertical: (i) one or more blocks, (ii) earth, (iii) pavement, which are completely superimposed on the block.