MX2011008300A - Wall-construction system based on prefabricated dovetailing blocks. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a wall-construction system based on prefabricated dovetailing blocks; the invention is characterized in that it comprises foundation blocks, wall blocks and finishing, or closure, blocks; said foundation blocks and wall blocks comprise a rectangular prismatic body with a vertical central channel in one of the lateral faces and a vertical central edge in the opposite lateral face, the lower face thereof comprising a longitudinal central edge and two transverse edges spaced apart from one another; said wall blocks comprise, in the upper face thereof, a longitudinal central channel and two transverse channels that are separated from one another; said foundation block comprises, in the upper face thereof, a longitudinal central channel and three transverse channels that are separated from one another; said finishing, or closure, block comprises a substantially cubic body that comprises, in the upper face thereof, two intersecting central channels defining a cross and, in the lower face, comprises two intersecting central edges defining a further cross, comprising a vertical central channel in one of the lateral faces and a vertical edge in the opposite lateral face.

Description

CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM OF WALLS BASED ON PREFABRICATED MACHIHEMBRATE ASSEMBLY BLOCKS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is related to the construction industry in general, in particular with the prefabricated building elements used in the construction industry of buildings, houses, classrooms, offices, among others; more specifically it is referred to a construction system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION One of the greatest existing problems of humanity, is undoubtedly the lack of housing, this being the reason for inspiration to study, analyze and develop the system of the present invention.

It is well known that in the construction industry for the generation and construction of various building walls, bricks, partitions, concrete blocks, etc. are traditionally used. where mortar is required for the union of said constructive elements. This type of systems are expensive and require more materials, water and labor to run.

There are other types of partitions or blocks that are hollow; whose purpose of the cavity is to pour a mortar or concrete and / or to house structural rods; however, it still requires a mixture of sand, lime and hydraulic cement.

Other types of blocks are also known, such as those comprising an eyebrow or projection on one face and a groove on the opposite side for their tongue and groove coupling with identical blocks attached; however, these are limited in their structure and configuration.

In the state of the art some patents and related utility model were found; such as the registry of utility model MX3084 of Manuel Muñoz González presented on November 27, 1984 and granted on May 6, 1988, which discloses a block model for construction, whose overall delineation is characterized by a pyramid in inverted "L" shape; in it, three basic structural elements can be distinguished; a long wall, a straight wall, an inverted "F" shape and three assembly walls that join and close the ends of the previous ones; the long wall has its upper base pointed, with the vertex centered; the wall in the form of "F" has the same thickness as the previous one and has its longest side parallel to the straight wall, while its shorter sections are perpendicular to it; both the upper and lower bases of this wall are flat; it can also be seen that the assembly walls are slightly sunken with respect to the outer walls and that both the assembly tooth and the square channel cover the entire length of the assembly walls, resembling elongated rectangular pyramids. As seen in the attached figures.

The MX1286 utility model of Juan Pablo Navarro Mata was also found, presented on June 21, 2002 and granted on March 2, 2005, which protects structural elements of assembly used in the construction industry. More specifically it is referred to a partition block with modulated geometry that can be assembled in all its directions, characterized by comprising a substantially rectangular shape whose upper face comprises two cavities equidistant from each other and in its lower face two projections of equal conformation are comprised , dimensions and alignment that said cavities of the upper face; said block comprising on one of its side faces a central recess in all its vertical section and on its side or placed side comprising a central projection in all its vertical section of equal dimensions and conformation as said central recess of the side or put side; said block further comprising a rectangular recess in the lower edge of its front and back faces, as well as in the vertical edges of the side face where said vertical central projection is comprised; said cavities, projections and recesses allowing the upper, lower and lateral coupling with other blocks of the same configuration.

Mexican patent X 7011 filed on June 26, 1980, which discloses and protects improvements in a hollow block for construction, was found, especially for the lifting of walls and load walls that is essentially characterized by being constituted by a parallelepiped body that it presents in its upper base, a projection as a platform limited longitudinally by two marginal steps arranged at a lower level, while in the lower base it has a recess that corresponds by its shape, location and dimensions with that opposite projection and that it is also delimited longitudinally by two marginal steps besieged at the highest level, appearing also on the outer faces of the lower extreme walls of this block a set of rib and race, opposites diagonally and intended for the opportune lateral tongue and groove of these blocks. The block is normally divided into two chambers by a transverse half wall, chambers suitable for the pouring and circulation of a filling mortar and for the placement of possible rebar rods.

The invention protects the structure of a single block as an element that engages tongue-and-groove only laterally with similar blocks; However, it does not disclose or protect a contractive system that involves several elements that allow to form and give an adequate finish of walls or walls.

Mexican patent X 191936 filed on September 27, 1993 was also found, which protects a prefabricated system based on blocks and concrete joists with fiber, the blocks are cube-shaped and others are double cubed with a series of chamfers or recesses in its edges characterized in that each block has in its upper part truncated conical or pyramidal protruding sections and a series of recesses of the same shape and size in the lower part, said recesses serve for the tongue and groove coupling of the blocks avoiding slippage of the pieces and has a rectangular hole that crosses from the top to the bottom that serves as an internal duct or castle. The joists are of "I" shape, one of the joists has a variable longitudinal slope to give it a slope and form roofs. The joists are characterized by having a grid of holes in the lower skate in the same way as the protruding sections of the blocks that serve to attach the joists to the blocks.

This patent protects blocks with very different structural characteristics in combination with joists that interact to form walls and to form roofs.

It was also located the patent application MX / a / 2009/000837 of Arturo Hernández Figueroa, presented on January 22, 2009, which discloses a super-light modular building block, based on a module of variable measures and materials, characterized by , with cavities and structural ribs throughout its interior, as well as structural connectors on its 4 sides and tongue and groove assembly system, which replace the vault, the cassette, the partition and the cement-sand block, either hollows or solid. It can be made of different materials, such as cellular concrete, foamed concrete, either only with the mixture of recycled solid waste, of any kind, whether cardboard, paper, plastic, PET, etc. This block can also be amalgamated with binders of any other type such as concrete with EPS beads or tezontle, Polymers, Resins, etc. crushed and scrambled together, this module can be manufactured by extrusion processes or by molding, either in plant or on site and used to replace, in construction, materials such as EPS or expanded polystyrene, to the partition, in any of the existing varieties until today, to the block of sand cement, either solid or hollow, this block is used in slabs as a structural and lightening vault, replacing the slabs that are currently marketed and that are only used as fillings, in walls it is used as a cassette, to lighten concrete walls, or as masonry in the load walls, replacing the partition, the block, etc. This module offers the possibility of being manufactured with different compressive strengths ranging from 5 Kg / cm2 to the desired one and optionally it can be reinforced with polypropylene, metallic or any other fibers to obtain a resistance to bending. With the use and proper bending, you can directly receive the finishes. The object of this invention is to achieve, with the use of the various materials of new technology, such as cellular concrete, foaming, polymer, recycled garbage, etc. light structures, earthquake resistant, low cost, ease of use and assembly, which allow the construction of any space, whether residential, commercial, educational or of any kind that is needed, at a fair price and in the shortest possible time.

The patent MX2006676 presented on July 19, 1996 was found, which protects a constructive system composed of seveblocks with male elements and female elements, for the formation of walls and for forming openings, as well as curved blocks for corner curves and corner blocks. straight, and even blocks in the shape of a cross, blocks in step and blocks of half female and half male for the formation of windows; however in these blocks the structuconfiguration is different and also require a concrete mixture for the union (although this is hidden and for this requires a special configuration in the female and male elements), the need for multiple configurations of blocks makes a complex system, more expensive and requires more labor and more time of assembly for the formation of walls or walls, as well as windows and windows openings.

The patent application MX9806659 filed on August 17, 1998, discloses a construction system based on tongue and groove blocks in its joints, and special pieces to form structureinforcements in the construction of walls for housing, industrial buildings and buildings, confining the reinforced steel and concrete, completely avoiding the use of formwork or formwork, simplifying the construction of a wall and also having all the modulated parts, cuts and adjustments are avoided, minimizing the waste of time and materials in the execution of these actions. It is a mechanical system that has all the necessary parts for the construction of the walls of a building and receive the slabs of mezzanine and roof of the design or chosen type.

The Mexican patent application MX9909538 discloses a modular structuconstruction system with architectustandardization based on articulated and tongue-and-groove articulated blocks, composed of block and half-block teeth with toothed or modulating holes and three-dimensional design, used for the construction of walls of different thicknesses, foundations, given columns for footings, fences, running shoes of containment, reinforced with articulated drowned castles. The system is complex, expensive and difficult to apply and install, requiring multiple pieces and construction elements, which are used for their implementation in different constructions in addition to the construction of walls.

Also located is American patent US 2,539,868 of April 8, 1947 disclosing a concrete building block comprising a pair of latewalls spaced latey, a pair of latewalls spaced latey, connecting members extended between the outer walls and adjacent internal said connecting members connect said walls in the intermediate section and at the ends of said walls. Said walls and said connection members generate vertical and horizontal intercommunicated passages between these and sealing shoulders at the ends of each wall, one of said external walls constituting a front wall provided with a surface inclined downwards and upwards simulating a pebble, upper and lower shoulders in each of said walls have a stepped recess, the upper recess in each wall receives in the lower recess of the superimposed wall. There are corner blocks specially designed to generate corners in walls or walls.

These blocks are completely structuy different from the blocks of the construction system of the present invention.

US Patent 2,594,378 discloses a block (type "vitroblock") composed of two confronting external walls connected through respective internal perpendicular walls leaving perimetprojecting flanges of each external wall and comprising in the centsection of said internal perpendicular walls paths assembly flanges substantially discontinuous and partially misaligned that allow the assembly with flanges of another attached block in all directions. The external walls can have a different configuration engraving. This structure of block is completely different to the blocks of our patent application, in addition in their coupling they also require a joint mixture.

In order to suppress the above-described drawbacks, the development of tongue-and-groove assembly blocks was considered in a construction system of walls, which, due to their structure, can be assembled into temporary or permanent walls or walls.

In the state of the art, as already explained, there is a diversity of construction systems based on prefabricated blocks with elements of tongue and groove assembly; but in no case is a system with blocks such as those of the present invention displayed or displayed.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION The main objective of the present invention is to make available a construction system based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, whose blocks can be assembled in tongue and groove form to generate temporary or permanent walls without the need for any joint mixture between adjacent pieces.

Another objective of the present invention is to make available said construction system based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, which are also structurally simple, easy to assemble and practical in their handling and placement during the construction of the walls.

Still another objective of the present invention is to make available said construction system based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, which also allow the appropriate termination at the ends of walls or walls and allow the generation of openings for windows and / or doors.

Still another objective of the present invention is to make available said construction system based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, which also allows in a built wall, the installation of pipes for hydraulic networks, sanitary, electrical, gas, etc. No need to drill the wall.

Still another objective of the present invention is to make available said constructive system based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, which also does not require castles or columns for the union between two walls, using in orthogonal assembly between blocks.

Still another objective of the present invention is to make available said construction system based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, which also allows the construction of walls by any person without the need of special skills, which also allows the saving of time, labor and materials, giving evident advantages over materials traditional Still another objective of the present invention is to make available said construction system based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, which also allows the construction of housing either popular type, social interest, medium or residential; all being of very superior and special specifications in relation to constructions with traditional systems or other systems that use prefabricated blocks.

Still another objective of the present invention is to make available said constructive system based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, which in addition the constructed works offer a great resistance to telluric movements, and which also offer thermal, acoustic and waterproof properties.

Another objective of the present invention is to make available said constructive system based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, which also allows the generation of buildings with greater safety, comfort and comfort to its occupants; also something that much cheaper than traditional constructions and preconstructed.

And all those qualities and objectives that will become apparent when making a general and detailed description of the present invention supported by the illustrated modalities.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION For the development of the high-tech construction system and with strict quality control, extensive preliminary experimental studies were carried out on the design of the construction; In order to obtain these new mechanical and structural elements, several well-planned and structured trials were carried out within their experimental phase.

Some basic aspects adopted to carry out the study of the tests for the development of the construction system are the following: 1. - Testing technique. A team was developed that allowed the generation of the blocks to study their mechanical, structural and resistance behavior. 2. - Physical and mechanical principles involved in the apparatus and testing procedures. It was evaluated if the supposed conditions were satisfied, as well as to determine the failures according to the results to obtain a greater accuracy. 3. - Theory of measurements. To obtain the accuracy of the results and which of the measurements involved offered the best results. 4. - Variety of materials. The number of tests that were necessary to obtain the expected results, as well as the average variation that justified the rejection of the individual values, also the range of resistance that we could expect from a given material when used in working conditions. 5. - Results analysis. The results of the tests were analyzed and it was determined if the test conditions were inside or outside the range for which the corrections were established, considering the methods and material classes. All this yielded the limitations of the results through the trials, as well as the reliability of the trial data.

Engineering Materials The main materials used in the construction of houses and buildings include metals and alloys, wood, Portland cement concrete, bituminous mixtures, mud products, masonry materials, plastics and additives in their different functions.

The main function of building materials is to develop strength, rigidity, stability and durability, and in our case, a certain elasticity appropriate to the service for which they were created. These requirements define to a large extent the properties that the materials must possess and, therefore, determine in broad strokes the nature of the tests carried out on these materials. The complete appreciation of the meaning of building materials testing generally requires some knowledge of the general properties of these materials and the subject of structural mechanics.

Reference is made to the many available treaties on materials and mechanics for the detailed review of such issues.

Although in general terms both fluids and solids are engineering materials, whose properties must be discovered by trial and performance, although base structures, as well as the characteristics of the materials are engineering test subjects, unless they are otherwise, the term "material testing" refers to the testing of solid construction materials or assemblies of constructive materials.

Materials selection.

The service, in the broad sense, is the ultimate criterion in the choice of materials. An important object of the testing of the materials is to help predict or guarantee the desired performance of the materials in working conditions. However, in the selection of materials for the construction of structures, problems of material quality, design, and use are interrelated.

It should be noted in passing that good material and the right challenge can not do anything other than guarantee that a particular construction will be satisfactory within the limits of the assigned use, although the material that can withstand the greatest abuse for which it was created certainly possesses a great advantage over its competitors; as in this case with the creation of the system blocks.

In the selection of materials, two types were available, from which information could be obtained such as a) knowledge and background of the performance of the existing materials, and b) the results of the tests or tests carried out to provide data on the performance of these materials. . Based on this information, the specifications of the blocks were finalized and, therefore, to the latest technology.

In order to obtain the final structural configuration and the composition of the blocks, it was necessary to choose between a great variety of materials and, above all, that they were and were available to be able to identify and select them.

The selection of the materials for the development of the blocks of the constructive system or, according to the invention, had the following considerations or classification: 1. - The kinds of materials available. 2 - . 2 - The properties of the various materials. 3. - Requirement of the services of the different materials. 4. - Relative economy of materials. 5. - Method of manufacturing the blocks and the influence on their properties. 6. - Specification of the blocks in relation to the uniformity and quality of the product achieved. 7. - Total quality control method with respect to the measures of the desired properties.

Properties of materials.

The determination of the properties of the materials for the engineering test was carried out in the ordinary materials testing laboratory related to the mechanical properties; as the main factor in life and the performance of the structures in the applied load.

Resistance is an initial requirement of any engineering material. In its widest acceptance the term resistance can be assumed to refer to the failure resistance of a complete piece of material; a small part of it, or even the surface.

The failure criterion can be either rupture or excessive deformation. From the first tests the strength and elasticity of the materials for the realization of the blocks of the construction system of the present invention was analyzed.

The complete knowledge of the behavior of a given material, has involved the study of most of its properties under a wide range of conditions, plus the performance of exhaustive tests necessary to obtain the complete information.

The problem was to collect all the data of those properties that could influence the economic value and the usefulness of a material. The relative efficiency of a material for the specific use of the blocks depends on the degree to which the relevant properties are present.

Classification of the properties of the engineering materials in relation to the blocks of the construction system of the present invention.

The testing of the materials was carried out with the following objectives: 1. - That it will provide routine information about the quality of the blocks, as well as the total quality control. 2. - That it allows gathering new or better information about known materials or developing new materials (research of materials), as well as its development work. 3. - Obtain the exact measurements of the fundamental properties or physical constants-scientific measurement.

The type of test has been specified since the normal procedures have been used, the objective was simply to determine if the properties of the material have been within the required limits.

The common purposes of the investigation of the materials were: 1. - To arrive at a new understanding of the known materials for the development of technology based on the blocks of the construction system. 2. - Discover the properties of new materials. 3. - Elaborate the quality standards of the procedures of the significant tests.

The goal of scientific testing is the accumulation of an orderly and reliable collection of information about the fundamental and useful properties of materials, with the final aim of providing data for the exact analysis of structural behavior, as well as efficient design. The work has demanded, above all, knowledge, care, patience, and a lot of precision.

With respect to the general method of attack and the interpretation of the results, it is desirable to distinguish between: 1. - Tests on samples of natural and processed materials. 2. - Tests on specimens cut from the finished parts. 3. - Essays on models of structures, members or parts. 4. - Essays on structures, members or parts of normal size.

The tests can be classified as destructive or non-destructive, with respect to the usefulness of the blocks, or a part of these after testing to determine the ultimate quality and resistance, naturally, involved the destruction of many samples.

In the end, the ideal test was very significant, reliable, reproducible, of known precision and above all very economical. The choice of the procedures to manufacture the blocks is well controlled by the meaning of the test influenced by a sense of proportion. The adequate measurement of the properties of the product was possible when: 1. - The property was defined with sufficient accuracy. 2. - The material is of known composition and purity. . 3. - The existing conditions are normal and known. 4. - The experimental methods are theoretically correct. 5. - Observations and their reductions were made with due care. 6. - The order of accuracy of the results are known.

The degree of accuracy that was achieved has become a very practical issue, with time and labor, involved in the trials allowed to fall within the proportions to reach the limits of accuracy desired.

The maximum and the minimum to establish can be based on the experiment but they must recognize the limitations of the manufacturing process. These limits correspond to the dimensional limits allowed when manufacturing the blocks, where sudden variations of the product can not be allowed. When setting the tolerance limits to manufacture the product, great care has been taken to avoid too narrow ranges on the one hand and too wide variations or low quality on the other. Often these limits involve safety and, generally, durability and efficiency.

The fundamental mechanical properties are strength, rigidity, elasticity, plasticity and energetic capacity. The resistance of a material is measured by the effort according to which a specific limiting condition develops. The main limiting conditions or criteria of the failure are the termination of the elastic action and the rupture. Hardness, usually indicated by the resistance to penetration or abrasion on the surface of a material, can be considered as a particular type or measure of strength. The rigidity has to do with the magnitude of the deformation that occurs under the load; Within the range of elastic behavior, rigidity is measured by the "modulus of elasticity". The elasticity (but not the modulus of elasticity) refers to the ability of a material to deform not permanently when removing the stress. The term plasticity is used here in its generic exception to indicate the ability to deform in the elastic or plastic range without rupture occurring, plasticity can be expressed in various ways.

The ability of a material to absorb elastic energy depends on the strength and rigidity, the energetic capacity in the range of elastic action called resilience; The energy required to break a material is taken as the measure of its tenacity. For this introductory discussion, they suggest only the general procedures of mechanical testing; the details of the particular types are offered in separate chapters under the relevant headings. To simplify the development of the various concepts, the discussion in this chapter refers mainly to test pieces of material in which they minimize the effects of dimension, shape, concentration of effort, etc.

Types of mechanical testing.

To approximate the conditions of the blocks of how they should behave in service, a number of test procedures were necessary. The relationship between several test procedures could be evidenced by means of an ordered classification of the test conditions, the main types of which are: a) .- Those related to the way in which the load is applied, b) .- Those that have to do with the condition of the material or test piece, at the time of the test, c) .- Those related to the condition of the surroundings (environmental condition) during the progress of the test, as in the studies of atmospheric exposure.

The method of application of the load is the most common basis for designating or classifying mechanical tests.

There are three factors involved in defining the manner in which the load is applied and the number of times the load is applied: In the mechanical testing of prepared specimens there are five primary types of load; as dictated by the condition of the effort to be induced: Tension, compression, direct cutting, torsion and bending.

In tension and compression tests, an axial load is applied to a specimen in order to obtain a uniform distribution of stress over the critical cross section. In direct-cut trials, an even distribution of stress is attempted, but this ideal condition is never satisfied in the way that shear stresses develop within the body under direct shear loads and due to the incidental stresses established by the stresses. clamping devices. The pure cut has been developed with steel bars subjected to torsion although the intensity of the shear has varied from zero to the center to a maximum at the periphery of the cross section. The torsional tests have an advantage over direct cutting in that the deformations could be determined by the measurement of the torsion angle. In the bending tests, both the tension and the compression were involved (and also the cut, if another bending is induced than the pure one) and the compound effects are studied; For example, deflections were measured directly and the modulus of rupture was determined.

Test conditions.

In addition to the loading conditions, it was necessary to take into account the condition of the material at the time of the test and the environmental conditions, since they affected the conditions of the test.

To carry out the tests of the blocks of the construction system, it has been carried out within the three general classes of tests. In the first class, which has comprised most of the tests carried out, they are made at normal atmospheric or local temperatures. They have also been made in the second class that are at very low temperatures, keeping them below the degree of freezing. In the third class, the tests have been carried out at elevated temperatures, and thus to be able to evaluate resistance, ductility and creep within these three tests.

Generally the mechanical properties of some materials are affected by the humidity conditions. For example, the resistance of materials such as concrete, brick, stone and wood are strongly influenced by the humidity of the material. In the normal tests carried out with respect to the blocks of the construction system, the lowest moisture permeability has been achieved, since it has less than 3% water absorption, plus external treatment, making it totally waterproof since they have been made long-term tests under controlled humidity conditions.

Effort and deformation.

Effort is defined here as the intensity of the distributed internal forces or components that resist the change in the shape of your body. The effort is measured in terms of force per unit area; in the metric system the kilograms per square centimeter are the units commonly used, and these measures are based on the new technology.

There are three basic classes of stress: Tensive, compressive and cutting. It is customary to compute the stresses based on the dimensions of the cross section of a piece before the application of the load, usually called original dimensions. In the simple tension and compression tests in which the blocks have been subjected to a uniformly distributed stress, the stress has been computed by dividing the known load by the minimum original sectional area. In cases where the distribution of effort was not uniform, the effort at two specific points could be determined by indirect methods.

Deformation.

This term is used here to indicate the change in the shape of building system blocks may be due to effort, thermal change, change of humidity or other causes. In conjunction with direct stress, deformation is usually assumed to be a linear change and is measured in units of length.

The deformation is defined as the change per unit length in a linear dimension of a body, which is accompanied by a change of effort. It is a unitary deformation due to the effort.

It is a ratio, or a non-dimensional number, and is therefore the same if it is measured in inches per inch, or in centimeters per centimeter, etc.

Elasticity.

The elasticity is the property of a material that by virtue of which the deformations caused by the effort disappear when removed. In the case of the blocks they are imperfectly elastic; but in their design set they give great elasticity.

Plasticity.

Plasticity is the property that allows the material to endure permanent deformation without breaking. A general expression of the plastic action involves the speed of deformation, since in the plastic state the materials can deform under constant and sustained stress; it would also involve the concept of the deformation limit before the rupture. The evidence of plastic action in structural materials is called deformation, plastic flow and creep.

As regards the blocks of the construction system according to the invention, test pieces have been made, taking advantage of this plasticity property to develop this technology; since when setting for a considerable time (four to six hours) this plasticity favors to join and seal the blocks, since they have great resistance to compression under repeated loads, this being without reaching the limit of resistance and therefore its deformation. The limit of resistance or resistance to fatigue is the maximum effort that can be applied in a large and indefinite number of times without causing the failure.

According to the parameters, tests and properties evaluated as explained, it was that the blocks of the construction system were developed in accordance with the present invention.

In general, the constructive system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, in accordance with the present invention, consists of the association of blocks for foundations, blocks for walls and blocks for finishing or closing; said blocks for wall in your preferred embodiment consist of a rectangular prismatic body comprising on its upper face a longitudinal central channel and two transverse channels spaced apart from each other, comprising a vertical central channel on one of the side faces and a vertical central edge on the opposite side face; in its lower face it comprises a longitudinal central edge and two transverse edges spaced apart from each other, which are coincident in position and dimensions with the channels of the upper face for tongue-and-groove coupling; said foundation block comprises on its upper face a longitudinal central channel and three transverse channels separated from each other, comprising a vertical central channel on one of the lateral faces and a vertical central edge on the opposite lateral face; in its lower face it comprises a longitudinal central edge and two transverse edges spaced apart from each other; said finishing block or enclosure consists of a rectangular prismatic body and preferably a cubic body comprising on its upper face two central channels that intersect defining a cross and on the underside comprises two central edges that intersect defining another cross, comprising a vertical central channel in one of the lateral faces and a vertical edge in the opposite lateral face.

The system also includes corner blocks that comprise the same configuration as the wall blocks, also including on its internal face a vertical channel and / or a vertical edge in a position coincident with one of the transversal channels of the upper face, which is adapted to be coupled in a row of the wall and mainly in a corner, whose vertical channel or vertical edge is adapted to receive the vertical central edge or the vertical central channel of one of the side faces of a wall block and generate a coupling and mooring at the corners.

The foundation block can comprise the same configuration as the wall block, only with a lower height.

The foundation block in its first mode, has the following dimensions: 35 cm long, 17.5 cm wide and 12.5 cm high.

In the second mode of the foundation block, it has the following dimensions: 35 cm long, 17.5 cm wide and 20 cm high.

The wall block according to the present invention has the following dimensions: 35 cm long, 17.5 cm wide and 20 cm high.

The termination block or enclosure according to the present invention has the following dimensions: 17.5 cm long, 17.5 cm wide and 20 cm high.

In another embodiment of the invention, the foundation block in any of its two modes comprises transverse bores for receiving anchor bolts for anchoring two attached foundation blocks and offering an anchorage in the foundation for two adjacent walls.

Said transverse holes preferably comprise a metal jacket to offer better resistance properties to the loads and stresses.

In another of the embodiments of the invention, the foundation blocks and / or for wall and / or termination or enclosure comprises on its internal face (face defined when a wall is generated) vertical or horizontal outlets in different positions so that A group of adjacent blocks in their vertical or horizontal arrangement can define an extended vertical or horizontal continuous draw for the disposal of ducts for electrical, hydraulic, sanitary or other installations.

In another embodiment of the invention said wall block optionally comprises on its internal face (face defined when a wall is generated) a rectangular or quadrangular service attached to a vertical or horizontal service for the installation of the registers or license plates. control of contacts and / or electrical switches.

In another of the embodiments of the invention some blocks for wall and some blocks of termination or enclosure comprise on one of the side faces a straight vertical pull, which when arranged in an arrangement to leave a space for door or window define a perimeter serve for the placement of a window or door frame, Different compositions can be formulated for the manufacture of said blocks; for example the most economical option and which excellent mechanical and strength properties is adobe, which is a resistant and durable material. The blocks can also be constructed of various other materials, depending on the mechanical properties and the nature of the material to be used in the manufacture of the pieces, which can be of concrete emptied by gravity, pressed, set in the open air; pieces of plastic injected under pressure at high temperatures and pieces of agglomerable materials with high pressure resins; among other materials.

In the preferred embodiment 1 of the invention, the blocks are made of a mixture of sand, gravel or granulation, cement, additives to waterproof them and to harden them, resins and water.

In another mode 2, said blocks in addition to the components mentioned in modality 1, also comprising a mixture of adobe earth with cement.

In another embodiment 3, said blocks are manufactured with the composition of mode 1, further comprising a mixture of adobe and straw earth.

The blocks are adapted to fit in the way the builder requires for building according to their needs; facilitating in this way the lifting of walls, mezzanines and reinforced concrete roofs; or roofs of tile or sheet, facilitating with this a great speed, a lot of security and above all a great economy.

With the configuration of the blocks as it has been described, it will not be necessary to break or groove finished walls to place the skis of doors and windows; nor will it be necessary to slot to place the hydraulic, sanitary, electrical, telephone, etc. network, since with the constructive system as described these operations and additional maneuvers are permanently resolved, thus avoiding unnecessary work, time and expenses.

The blocks present a great security in the construction, since their high technology of assembly, as well as the quality with which they are manufactured is high, being resistant to the movements telluric, to the erosion, being also thermal, impermeable and with properties of acoustic isolation, in relation to the traditional constructions.

Thus, with the construction system that uses up to 50% less labor and in turn it accelerates up to 60% more construction times, saving in addition other materials such as cement, lime, sand, water, which also means saving freight The constructive system of the present invention does not resemble the construction of prefabricated buildings, since with this system constructions with solid and solid walls are achieved, offering great resistance, quality, durability, speed and above all safety and economy, also making This makes a great difference to traditional constructions and, therefore, far superior to all aspects of prefabricated buildings.

The use of blocks in this constructive system of tongue-and-groove assembly, makes it easy to build walls, even without being an expert or possessing special skills, which allows self-construction. The padlock system, characteristic of the block, saves labor and materials time, giving evident advantages over traditional materials.

In the construction of walls can be used combinations of traditional materials and various structural elements of tongue and groove assembly described above, maintaining considerable advantages in time and labor costs.

The system additionally includes plates, panels or similar of internal finish that are attached on the internal face of the walls built with said blocks.

In order to better understand the characteristics of the invention, the present description, as an integral part thereof, is accompanied by the drawings, which are illustrative but not limitative, which are described below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figures 1a and 1b show in top and bottom perspective a block for foundation of the construction system in accordance with the present invention.

Figures 1c and 1d show upper and lower perspective of the block for foundation with greater height than that shown in figures 1a and 1b.

Figures 2a and 2b show in upper and lower perspective the wall block of the construction system, in accordance with the present invention.

Figures 2c and 2d illustrate in upper and lower perspective the corner block of the construction system, in accordance with the present invention.

Figures 3a and 3b show in upper and lower perspective the finishing block or enclosure, in accordance with the present invention.

Figures 4a, 4b and 4c illustrate a top view, a right side view and a left side view of the wall block according to the present invention.

Figure 5 illustrates a top cut of a wall with the wall blocks in a construction showing the grip with a slab of mezzanine and roof.

Figures 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d illustrate top views of wall blocks with vertical outlets for the installation of ducts for electrical, hydraulic, sanitary or other installations.

Figure 6e illustrates a side view of a block for wall with a horizontal service for the installation of ducts of electrical, hydraulic, sanitary or other installations.

Figure 7 shows a top view of two blocks for wall with rectangular serves, which define a perimeter kick for the placement of a window or door frame.

Figure 8 shows a front view of a wall constructed with the blocks of the construction system of the present invention, showing the sacks for the electrical installation for example.

Figure 9 shows a conventional perspective view of the assembly of foundation blocks in the mode comprising only two transverse channels on the upper face, as in the case of wall blocks, which are anchored with fixing bolts.

Figure 10 illustrates a perspective of coupling the blocks illustrated in Figures 1a to 1d for two-story buildings.

For a better understanding of the invention, a detailed description will be made of some of the modalities thereof, shown in the drawings that are attached to the present description for non-limiting illustrative purposes.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The characteristic details of the construction system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, are clearly shown in the following description and in the illustrative drawings that are annexed, serving the same reference signs to indicate the same parts.

In figures 1a and 1c showing a top and bottom perspective, respectively, of a mode of the foundation block when it has lower height for the construction system in accordance with the present invention, wherein said foundation block 1 consists of a prismatic body rectangular comprising on its upper face 2 a longitudinal central channel 3 and three transverse channels 4 separated from each other, comprising a vertical central channel 5 on the side face 6 and a vertical central edge 7 on the opposite side face 8; in its lower face 9 it comprises a longitudinal central edge 10 and two transverse edges 11 spaced apart from each other, which are coincident in position and dimensions with the channels of the upper face for tongue-and-groove coupling between adjacent blocks with wall blocks.

In this modality, the block comprises dimensions of 35 cm long, 17.5 cm wide and 12.5 cm high.

Figures 1b and 1d show a top and bottom perspective, respectively, of another form of foundation block G with a greater height consisting of a rectangular prismatic body comprising on its upper face 2 'a longitudinal central channel 3'. and three transverse channels 4 'spaced apart from each other, comprising a vertical center channel 5' on the side face 6 'and a vertical center edge 7' on the opposite side face 8 '; in its lower face 9 'comprises a longitudinal central edge 10' and two transverse edges 11 'spaced apart from each other, which are coincident in position and dimensions with the channels of the upper face for tongue-and-groove coupling between adjacent blocks with wall blocks .

In this second form of the foundation block, it has the following dimensions: 35 cm long, 17.5 cm wide and 20 cm high. So it has higher height.

In both embodiments, the foundation block shown in Figures 1a to 1d comprises transverse bores 12 for receiving anchor bolts 13 for anchoring two attached foundation blocks 1 and / or 1 'and providing an anchor in the foundation for two adjacent walls .

In figures 2a, 2b, 4a to 4c a top perspective, a bottom perspective, top, bottom and side view of a wall block are illustrated, wherein said wall block 14 as well as the foundation block 1 in the embodiment shown in Figures 1a and 1c is defined by a rectangular prismatic body comprising on its upper face 2"a longitudinal central channel 3" and two transverse channels 4"spaced apart from each other, comprising a vertical central channel 5" on the lateral face 6"and a vertical central edge 7" on the opposite side face 8", on its lower face 9" comprises a longitudinal central edge 10"and two transverse edges 11" spaced apart from each other, which are coincident in position and dimensions with the channels of the upper face for tongue-and-groove coupling between adjacent blocks with wall blocks.

With reference to figures 2c and 2d illustrating in upper and lower perspective the corner block of the construction system, in accordance with the present invention. In said figures, the corner block 39 comprises the same configuration as the blocks for wall 14, so the same reference numbers are used to indicate the same parts; but also in its internal face includes a vertical channel 40 in a position coinciding with one of the transverse channels 4"of the upper face, which is adapted to be coupled in a row of the wall and mainly in a corner, whose vertical channel 40 is adapted receiving the vertical central edge 7"of one of the side faces of a wall block 14 and generating a coupling and mooring at the corners.

In Figure 2c the vertical channel 40 is disposed on the inner side near one end of the block, in Figure 2d it is shown that it can also be positioned on the inner side near the opposite end.

It is also clear that the corner wall 39 can comprise, in place of the vertical channel 40, a vertical edge (not shown) which can in its accommodation in a corner be arranged in the vertical channel 5"of one of the side faces of a block of wall 14 Also, said corner block may not comprise on its side faces the vertical channel 5"as a female element, nor the vertical central edge 7" as a male element or the female element, since these, depending on the accommodation, may no longer be necessary , as in the case of figure 2d where it no longer comprises the vertical central edge 7"on the side face 8".

With reference to figures 3a and 3b showing in upper and lower perspective the finishing block or enclosure, in accordance with the present invention. Said finishing block 15 is defined by a rectangular prismatic body comprising on its upper face 16 a longitudinal central channel 17 and a transverse channel 18, comprising a vertical central channel 19 on the side face 20 and a vertical central edge 21 on the face opposite lateral 22; in its lower face 23 it comprises a longitudinal central edge 24 and a transverse edge 25, which are coincident in position and dimensions with the channels of the upper face for tongue-and-groove coupling between adjacent blocks with wall blocks.

With reference to Figure 5, an upper cut of a wall formed with the wall blocks 14 is illustrated in a construction where the grip is shown with a slab of mezzanine or ceiling, formed by a concrete floor 26 with a lower mesh 27 embedded in the firm, showing the reinforcing steel 28 and polystyrene plates 29 supported by drywall plates 30 which is supported by a mound 31, where the concrete flooring at its ends rests on the wall 32 formed by the blocks of concrete. wall 14 Another type of mezzanine or roof such as those formed by corrugated sheets or other types of mezzanines and ceilings, such as those that use corrugated sheet with welded mesh and concrete layer, among other modalities.

Figures 6a, 6b, 6c and 6e show upper views of blocks for wall 14 with vertical serves 33 on the internal face 34 of the blocks, which may be a single serve or two serves that may be in the center or on the edges. of the internal face of block 14; which are adapted for the installation of electrical installation ducts, - hydraulic, sanitary or other.

In figure 6d the preferred embodiment of the invention is shown where the block comprises a vertical kick 33 in a position coinciding with one of the transverse channels 4"of the upper face, although it may be in the position of the opposite end coinciding with the transverse channel opposite 4"from the top face.

Figure 6e illustrates a side view of a block for wall 14 with a horizontal pull 35 on the inner face 34 that in the arrangement with similar blocks define horizontal cavities for the installation of ducts of electrical, hydraulic, sanitary or other installations.

In figure 7 is shown a top view of two blocks for wall 14 with rectangular aids 36 in one of the side faces attached, which define a perimeter kick for the placement of a frame 37 for window or door.

Figure 8 shows a front view of a wall constructed with the blocks of the construction system of the present invention, showing the vertical couplings 33 for the electrical installation for example; wherein one of the wall blocks 14 comprises a rectangular or quadrangular serve 38 for the installation of the register boxes or contact control plates and / or electrical switches.

Figure 9 shows the assembly of foundation blocks in the mode where it comprises only two channels transverse to the longitudinal central channel, which are anchored with fixing bolts 13 for a better grip and coupling in a building.

In figure 10 there is illustrated a perspective of coupling of the foundation blocks in which first foundation blocks 1 are arranged in two parallel rows coupled by holding bolts 13 and second foundation blocks 1 'are disposed transversely on said first foundation blocks. illustrated in Figures 1c to 1d for two-story buildings. The arrangement of the blocks can be in two rows at the base to strengthen the support and sustenance of the work.

The invention has been sufficiently described so that a person with average skill in the art can reproduce and obtain the results that we mentioned in the present invention. However, any person skilled in the art who is competent in the present invention may be able to make modifications not described in the present application, however, if for the application of these modifications in a certain structure or in the manufacturing process thereof, the subject matter claimed in the following claims is required, said structures should be understood within the scope of the invention.

Claims (13)

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N S Having sufficiently described the invention, the content of the following rei-indicator clauses is claimed as property.

1. - Constructive system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly of the type formed by several blocks with male elements and female elements coupled in tongue and groove form for the formation of temporary or permanent walls or walls, characterized by comprising blocks for foundations, blocks for walls and finishing or closing blocks; said foundation and wall blocks comprise a rectangular prismatic body with a vertical central channel in one of the lateral faces and a vertical central edge in the opposite lateral face, comprising in its lower face a longitudinal central edge and two transverse edges spaced between yes; said wall blocks comprise on their upper face a longitudinal central channel and two transverse channels separated from each other; said foundation block comprises on its upper face a longitudinal central channel and three transverse channels separated from each other; said block of termination or enclosure consists of a substantially cubic body comprising on its upper face two central channels that intersect defining a cross and on the underside comprises two central edges that intersect defining another cross, comprising a vertical central channel in one of the lateral faces and a vertical edge in the opposite lateral face.

2. - The constructive system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, according to claim 1, characterized in that it also includes corner blocks consisting of a rectangular prismatic body that on its underside comprises a longitudinal central edge and two transverse edges spaced from each other; in their upper face they comprise a longitudinal central channel and two transverse channels separated from each other; and with or without a central vertical channel on one of the lateral faces; further including on its internal face a vertical channel and / or a vertical edge in a position coinciding with one of the transverse channels of the upper face, which is adapted to be coupled in a row of the wall and mainly in a corner, whose vertical channel or vertical edge is adapted to receive the vertical central edge or the corresponding vertical central channel of one of the side faces of a wall block.

3. The construction system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, according to claim 1, characterized in that said foundation blocks comprise on their upper face only two channels transverse to the longitudinal central channel.

4. - The constructive system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that said foundation blocks comprise transverse bores to receive anchor bolts to anchor two attached foundation blocks and offer an anchor in the foundation for two adjacent walls.

5. - The construction system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, according to claim 4, characterized in that said transverse holes comprise a metal jacket to offer greater strength.

6. - The construction system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said foundation blocks and / or for wall and / or termination or enclosure comprises on their inner side vertical or horizontals in different positions so that a group of contiguous blocks in their vertical or horizontal arrangement define a vertical or horizontal elongated continuous draw for the disposal of ducts for electrical, hydraulic, sanitary or other installations.

7. - The constructive system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, according to claim 1, characterized in that some of said blocks for wall comprise on its internal face a rectangular or quadrangular service attached to a vertical or horizontal service for installation of the register boxes or contact control plates and / or electrical switches.

8. - The construction system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, according to claim 1, characterized in that some of said blocks for wall and some blocks of termination or enclosure comprise on one of the lateral faces a straight vertical pull, the which, when arranged in an arrangement to leave a door or window opening, define a perimeter service for the placement of a window or door frame.

9. - The construction system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, according to claim 1, characterized in that it also includes plates, panels or similar internal finish that are attached on the inner side of the walls built with said blocks.

10. - The constructive system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, in accordance with the above indications, characterized in that said blocks are made of adobe, of concrete emptied by gravity, pressed, set in the open air; pieces of plastic injected under pressure at high temperatures and pieces of agglomerable materials with high pressure resins; among other materials.

11. - The construction system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said blocks are made of a composition consisting preferably of a mixture of sand, gravel or granulation, cement, additives for waterproof them and harden them, resins and water.

12. - The construction system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, according to claim 11, characterized in that said composition for the manufacture of the blocks also comprises a mixture of adobe with cement.

13. - The construction system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, according to claim 11, characterized in that said composition for the manufacture of the blocks also comprises a mixture of adobe and straw earth. R E S U E N The present invention refers to a construction system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly; characterized by comprising blocks for foundations, blocks for walls and blocks for finishing or closing; said foundation and wall blocks comprise a rectangular prismatic body with a vertical central channel in one of the lateral faces and a vertical central edge in the opposite lateral face, comprising in its lower face a longitudinal central edge and two transverse edges spaced between yes; said wall blocks comprise on their upper face a longitudinal central channel and two transverse channels separated from each other; said foundation block comprises on its upper face a longitudinal central channel and three transverse channels separated from each other; said block of termination or enclosure consists of a substantially cubic body comprising on its upper face two central channels that intersect defining a cross and on the underside comprises two central edges that intersect defining another cross, comprising a vertical central channel in one of the side faces and a vertical edge on the opposite side face.