MX2011000564A

MX2011000564A - Systems and methods for producing oil and/or gas.

Info

Publication number: MX2011000564A
Application number: MX2011000564A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Dean Chien Wang
Original assignee: Shell Int Research
Priority date: 2008-07-14
Filing date: 2009-07-14
Publication date: 2011-03-30
Also published as: US20110139452A1; EP2318648A1; EP2318648A4; CN102119257A; WO2010009125A1; CA2730365A1; AU2009270989A1; RU2011105155A; BRPI0916205A2

Abstract

A system for producing oil and/or gas comprising a formation comprising a mixture of oil and/or gas and an enhanced oil recovery mixture comprising an additive to increase an auto-ignition temperature of the mixture and a carbon disulfide formulation and/or a carbon oxysulfide formulation; and a mechanism for recovering at least a portion of the oil and/or gas.

Description

SYSTEMS AND METHODS TO PRODUCE OIL AND / OR GAS Field of the invention The present invention describes the systems and methods that are applied in the production of oil and / or gas.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Currently, significant concentrations of acid natural gas are produced from natural gas wells, oil wells (for example, as associated gas) and from natural gas storage reservoirs that are infected with hydrogen sulfide producing bacteria. . The presence of hydrogen sulfide and other sulfur compounds in fuel and other gases has been a concern for both users and gas producers for a long time. In addition to the corrosive effects and other adverse effects that impurities can cause on equipment and processes, harmful emissions are generally produced from the combustion of natural gas as a result of the oxidation of sulfur compounds. The resulting sulfur oxides can be the main factor of air pollution and can cause an adverse effect on the environment. Increasingly stricter federal and state regulations have been enacted to reduce or eliminate emissions REF: 217011 sulphides, and there is a concomitant interest in efficiently removing from the natural gas and similar compounds hydrogen sulfide, which is a significant precursor of harmful emissions. In addition, one of the methods of eliminating hydrogen sulphide is to convert it to solid sulfur, for storage. Due to environmental and aesthetic concerns, there are many countries that currently prohibit the formation of these sulfur reserves.

It is possible to use oil recovery optimization (EOR) to increase oil recovery in oil fields around the world. There are three main types of EOR, thermal, chemical and / or polymer injection and gas injection, which can be used to increase oil recovery from the deposit, beyond what can be achieved by conventional methods, possibly prolongs the life of a field and improves the oil recovery factor.

Optimization in thermal recovery includes the addition of heat to the reservoir. The most widespread practice procedure is the continuous injection of steam, which decreases the viscosity of the oil, so that it can flow into the production wells. The injection of chemicals increases recovery because it reduces the forces of capillarity that sequester residual oil. The injection of polymers improves the efficiency of sweeping the injected water. The injection of miscible gas operates in a manner similar to the injection of chemicals. It is possible to recover the residual oil sequestered with the injection of an oil-miscible fluid.

Referring to Figure 1, the prior art system 100 is shown. The system 100 includes an underground formation 102, an underground formation 104, an underground formation 106 and an underground formation 108. The production plant 110 is located on the surface. The well 112 passes through the formations 102 and 104, and terminates in the formation 106. The portion of the formation 106 is represented at 114. The oil and gas are produced from the formation 106 through the well 112, to the production plant 110. The gas and liquid are separated from each other, the gas is stored in the gas reservoir 116 and the liquid is stored in the liquid reservoir 118. The gas in the gas reservoir 116 may include hydrogen sulphide, which can be processed, be transported, disposed or stored.

The publication of the pending patent application 2006/0254769 discloses a system that includes a mechanism for recovering oil and / or gas from an underground formation, the oil and / or gas includes one or more sulfur compounds; a mechanism to convert at least a portion of sulfur compounds from petroleum and / or gas recovered in carbon disulfide formulation; and a mechanism for releasing at least a portion of the carbon disulfide formulation in a formation. The entire content of publication 2006/0254769 is included herein as a reference.

U.S. Patent No. 3,644,433 describes that from 5 to 40 percent of the liquid volume of catalytic cracked and coke naphtics boil at temperatures below 121 ° C (250 ° F) when added to carbon disulfide, resulting in in a large increase in the self-ignition temperature of carbon disulfide. The entire contents of the US patent with the number 3,644,433 is included herein by reference.

U.S. Patent No. 3,375,192 states that mixtures of carbon disulfide and petroleum pentane have much lower combustibility characteristics than carbon disulfide blends with higher boiling hydrocarbons and carbon disulfide mixtures. chlorinated hydrocarbons. The entire content of US Patent Number 3,375,192 is included herein by reference.

U.S. Patent No. 3,558,509 discloses that compositions that include a predominant proportion of carbon disulfide and a minor proportion of an additive, they exhibit autogenous autoignition temperatures substantially higher than those of carbon disulfide. The additives may be included within the following classes of substances: (A) Sulfides and organic disulfides with the formulas RSR 'and RSSR1, respectively, wherein R and R' are alkyl or alkenyl radicals each with at most about 5 carbon atoms; carbon, inclusive, including radicals such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, n-pentyl, and allyl, etc. R and R 'are not necessarily the same compound.

(B) Dimethyl sulfoxide. The additives described above can be introduced directly into the liquid or vaporized carbon disulfide. The concentration of additive used sd be from about 0.1% and 10% by weight, and preferably sd be between about 0.2% and 5% by weight. The selected additive and the concentration used may vary depending on the particular requirements for the properties of the carbon disulfide. The additives can be used alone or in combination. The entire1 of the contents of the US patent with the number 3,558,509 is included herein by reference.

The US patent with the number 3,558,510 describes that when small concentrations of iodide, bromide or ethyl alcohol are added to the carbon disulfide, the autogenous ignition temperature increases significantly.

One or more of the additives described above can be introduced directly into the liquid or vaporized carbon disulfide. The concentration of additive used sd be from about 0.1% and 10% by weight, and preferably sd be between about 0.2% and 5% by weight. The selected additive and the concentration used may vary depending on the particular requirements for the properties of the carbon disulfide. The additives can be used alone or in combination. The entire contents of the US patent with the number 3,558,510 is included herein as a reference.

In the technique, the need to have systems and improved methods for the optimization in oil recovery persists. The need for improved systems and methods to optimize oil recovery by applying "a sulfur compound, for example, decreasing viscosity, chemical effects and the injection of miscibles, persists in the art. need to have improved systems and methods to increase the auto-ignition temperature of the optimization agents in the recovery of oil containing sulfur.

Brief Description of the Invention In one aspect, the invention provides a system for producing oil and / or gas that includes a mixture of oil and / or gas and a mixture of oil recovery optimization, including an additive for increasing the auto-ignition temperature of the mixture and, a carbon disulfide formulation and / or a carbon oxysulfide formulation; and a recovery mechanism gives at least a portion of the oil and / or gas.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method for producing oil and / or gas that includes a formation including oil and / or gas; and releasing an optimization mixture in the oil recovery in the formation, the mixture includes an additive to increase the auto-ignition temperature of the mixture and at least carbon disulfide and / or carbon oxysulfide.

Among the advantages of the invention, one or more of the following may be included: Improved systems and methods for eliminating hydrogen sulphide, sulfur, and / or other sulfur-based compounds.

Improved systems and methods for optimizing the recovery of hydrocarbons from a formation with a carbon disulfide formulation.

Improved systems and methods for the optimization in the recovery of hydrocarbons from a formation with a fluid containing a carbon disulfide formulation.

Improved systems and methods to raise self-ignition temperature of the carbon disulfide formulation.

Compositions that include improved carbon disulfide for the secondary recovery of hydrocarbons.

Improved systems and methods for optimizing oil recovery.

Improved systems and methods for the optimization of oil recovery using a sulfur compound.

Improved systems and methods for the optimization of oil recovery using a compound that becomes miscible with oil in situ.

Improved systems and methods for preparing and / or using the optimization agents in the recovery of oil containing sulfur.

Brief Description of the Figures Figure 1 represents an oil and / or gas production system.

Figure 2 represents a flow of the process.

Figures 3a-3d represent petroleum and / or gas production systems.

Figure 4 represents a production process of the carbon disulfide formulation.

Figure 5 represents the temperatures. self-ignition for disulfide mixtures of carbon / disulfide compounds.

Detailed description of the invention Figure 2: In certain embodiments of the invention, an application process A is represented in an optimization process in the recovery of oil.

In step 1, a carbon disulfide formulation and / or a carbon oxysulfide formulation can be produced and / or purchased. Some suitable methods for the production of a carbon disulfide formulation and / or a carbon oxysulfide formulation are described below. The method selected for the production of a carbon disulfide formulation and / or a carbon oxysulfide formulation is not important.

In step 2, an additive is introduced to the carbon disulfide formulation and / or to the carbon oxysulfide formulation to raise the auto-ignition temperature and / or to lower the combustibility limits.

In step 3, the additive and the mixture of carbon disulfide formulation and / or the carbon oxysulfide formulation is used in an optimization process in oil recovery.

Step 1 In certain embodiments, a sulfur compound can be converted into sulfur and / or sulfur dioxide. These processes are described in the publications of US patent applications numbers 2004/0096381, 2004/0022721, 2004/0159583, 2003/0194366, 2001/0008619, 2002/0134706, 2004/0096381, 2004/0022721, 2004/0159583, and 2001 / 0008619. The entire content of these descriptions is included herein as a reference.

In certain embodiments, the sulfur and / or sulfur dioxide and the carbon compound can be converted to a carbon disulfide formulation. These processes are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,963,340, 2,636,810, 3,927,185, 4,057,613, and 4,822,938, and in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0146450. The entire content of these descriptions is included herein as a reference.

In WO 2007/131976 a suitable method for converting the liquid sulfur and a hydrocarbon to a carbon disulfide formulation without oxygen is described. The entire content of WO 2007/131976 is included herein by reference.

In WO 2007/131977 a suitable method for converting liquid sulfur and a hydrocarbon into a carbon disulfide with oxygen formulation is described. The entire content of WO 2007/131977 is included herein by reference.

In the following pending patent applications Other suitable methods for converting the sulfur compounds into a carbon disulfide formulation and / or a carbon oxysulfide formulation are described: US Patent Publication 2006/0254769 with case number TH2616; The provisional patent application of EUA 61 / 031,832 with file number of case TH3448; Provisional patent application 61 / 024,694 with case number of case TH3443; PCT patent publication O 2007/131976 with case number TS1746; PCT patent publication WO 2008/003732 with case number of case TS1818; PCT patent publication WO 2007/131977 with case number of case TS1833; and PCT patent application PCT / EP2007 / 059746 with file number of case TS9597.

The entire contents of all these publications are included herein as a reference.

As mentioned above, the reaction products and / or catalysts can be used in a surface process or can be found within the formation or injected into the formation to convert the sulfur-containing compound into a carbon disulfide formulation and / or a formulation of carbon oxysulfide.

Step 2 : An additive is introduced to the carbon disulfide formulation and / or to the carbon oxysulfide formulation for raise the auto-ignition temperature and / or to lower the combustibility limits.

Suitable additives include hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons such I such as alkanes, disulfide compounds and / or their mixtures. '| In certain embodiments, the additive includes about at least 1% (molar) of butane, at least about 1% (molar) of pentane, at least about 1% (molar) of hexane, and at least about 1% (molar) of heptane.

In certain embodiments, the additive includes about at least 2% (molar) of butane, at least about 2% (molar) of pentane, at least about 2% (molar) of hexane, and at least about 2% (molar) of heptane.

In certain embodiments, the mixture with the additive and the carbon disulfide formulation and / or the carbon oxysulfide formulation includes at least about 25% (mole) of carbon disulfide, for example at least about 50%, at least about 75%, or at least approximately 90%.

In certain embodiments, the mixture with the additive and the carbon disulfide formulation and / or the carbon oxysulfide formulation includes at least about 25% (molar) of carbon oxysulfide, for example at least about 50%, at least about 75%, or at least about 90%.

In certain embodiments, the additive includes at least about 5% (molar) of hydrogen sulfide, for example, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, or at least about 50%.

In certain embodiments, the additive includes at least about 5% (molar) carbon dioxide, for example, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, or at least about 50%.

In certain embodiments, the additive includes at least about 0.5% (volume) of a disulfide compound, for example, at least about 1%, at least about 2%, at least about 3%, or at least about 5%. In certain embodiments, suitable disulfide compounds include dimethyl disulfide, diethyl disulfide, and mixtures thereof.

Step 3 : The carbon disulfide formulation and / or the carbon oxysulfide formulation may be produced in a process on the surface and / or may occur within the formation.

Subsequently, it is possible to mix the formulations of carbon disulphide and / or the carbon oxysulfide formulation with an additive, and can subsequently be used in the process of oil recovery optimization (EOR) to activate oil production from the formation, for example, as it is described in the pending patent application TH2616, the entirety of which content is included herein by reference. It is possible to produce a mixture of petroleum and carbon disulfide formulation to the surface, separate the carbon disulfide formulation, and optionally recycle and inject it into the formation or into another formation.

A mixture of oil recovery optimization including at least one carbon disulfide formulation and a carbon oxysulfide formulation is mixed with an additive, to increase the autogenous ignition temperature of the oil recovery optimization mixture. Subsequently, the mixture was introduced into an underground formation, for example, by an injection well. Subsequently, at least a portion of the mixture and the oil and / or gas can be produced from the formation into a production well, which can be the same well as the injection well or another well, at a distance from the well. injection well through the training.

In the art, various methods and systems are known í to inject optimization mixtures in the recovery of oil in a formation, and to produce oil and / or gas from the formation. The selection of the method for injecting the optimization mixture into oil recovery and to produce oil and / or gas from the formation is not important.

Any known method for the recovery of oil and / or gas from an underground formation can be applied. Suitable methods include underwater production, surface production, primary, secondary or tertiary production. The selection of the method used to recover the oil and / or gas from the underground formation is not important.

In one embodiment, oil and / or gas can be recovered from a formation in a well, and can flow through the well and the flow pipe to the installation. In some embodiments, the optimization in oil recovery can be used, by the application of an agent for example steam, water, a surfactant,. an injection of polymer, and / or an optimization mixture in the recovery of oil, such as the carbon disulfide formulation, to increase the flow of oil and / or gas from the formation.

Figure 3a: As regards now Figure 3a, in one embodiment of the invention, system 200 is represented. system 200 includes an underground formation 202, underground formation 204, underground formation 206, and underground formation 208. Production facility 210 is available on the surface. The well 212 passes through the formations 202 and 204, and has openings in the formation 206. Optionally, they can be broken; and / or perforating portions 214 of formation 206. Oil and gas from formation 206 are produced in portions 214, to well 212, and moved to production facility 210. Subsequently, the production facility can separate the gas, which is sent to the gas processing 216, and the liquid, which is sent to the liquid reservoir 218. Likewise, the production facility includes a reserve of carbon disulfide formulation 230. Carbon disulfide, hydrogen sulfide and / or other sulfur-containing compounds produced from well 212 can be sent to the production of 230 carbon disulfurq formulation. Carbon disulfide, hydrogen sulfide and / or other sulfur-containing compounds with an additive can be pumped downstream into the well 212 which is represented by the downward arrow and is pumped into the formation 206, and subsequently separated and the oil and gas are again produced in the well 212 to the production facility 210.

Figures 3b and 3c: As regards now Figures 3a and 3c, in one embodiment of the invention, the system 200 is represented. The system 200 includes an underground formation 202, the underground formation 204, the underground formation 206, and the underground formation 208. Production facility 210 is available on the surface. Well 212 passes through formations 202 and 204, and has openings in formation 206. Optionally, portions 214 of formation 206 may be broken and / or punctured. During primary production, oil and gas are produced from the formation 206. in the portions 214, to the well 212, and moves to the production facility 210. Subsequently, the production facility separates the gas, which is sent to the gas processing 216, and the liquid, which is sent to the liquid reservoir 218. The production facility further includes a 230 carbon disulfide formulation reservoir. The formulation of carbon disulfide, hydrogen sulfide and / or other sulfur-containing compounds can be separated from the oil and / or gas within of the formation, before the oil and / or gas is produced in the well 212, or after the oil and / or gas is produced to the well 212 and towards the installation on the surface. As shown in figure 3b, optimization mixtures of oil recovery with an additive it can be pumped downward into the well 212 which is represented by the downward arrow and can be pumped into the formation 206. It is possible that the oil recovery optimization mixtures remain flooded in the formation for a certain period of time, from about 1 hour. hour to about 15 days, for example, from about 5 to about 50 hours, for the reaction with hydrocarbons to form a mixture of petroleum formulation and optimization in oil recovery.

After the flood / reaction period, as shown in Figure 3c, the oil recovery optimization mixture can be produced with the oil and / or gas, again through the well 212 to the production facility 210.

In certain embodiments, the oil recovery optimization mixture can be pumped into the formation 206 above the fracture pressure of the formation, eg, from about 120% to about 200% of the fracture pressure.

The optimization mixture in oil recovery can be pumped into the formation 206 at temperatures from about 20 to about 1000 ° C, for example, from about 50 to about 500 ° C, or from about 75 to approximately 200 ° C.

The optimization mixture in oil recovery can be pumped into the formation 206 at pressures from about 2 to about 200 bars, for example, from about 3 to about 100 bars, or from about 5 to about 50 bars.

Figure 3d: As far as FIG. 3d is concerned, in one embodiment of the invention, the system 300 is represented. The system 300 includes an underground formation 302, the formation 304, the formation 306, and the formation 308. The production facility 310 It is available on the surface. Well 312 passes through formations 302 and 304, and has openings in formation 306. Optionally, portions of formation 314 may be broken and / or punctured. As oil and gas are produced from formation 306, it enters portions 314, and passes through the well 312 to the production facility 310. The gas and liquid can be separated, and the gas can be sent to the gas reservoir 316, and the liquid can be sent to the liquid reservoir 318. The installation of production 310 can store and / or produce a carbon disulfide formulation, which can be produced and stored in a 330 carbon disulfide formulation production. The carbon disulfide formulation, the sulfide hydrogen and / or other sulfur-containing compounds from petroleum and / or gas, after oil and / or gas is produced to well 312 and to surface facilities. Optionally, the carbon disulfide formulation can be recycled back to the formation, or to another formation.

The formulation of carbon disulfide and / or carbon oxysulfide, and an additive can be pumped downstream in the well 332, to the portions 334 of the formation 306. The carbon disulfide and / or carbon oxysulfide formulation flows through the 306 formation and reacts with one or more hydrocarbons to produce a miscible petroleum mixture with the carbon disulfide and / or carbon oxysulfide formulation, which assists in the production of oil and gas, and subsequently the mixing can be well 312 and production facilities 310, and subsequently the carbon disulfide formulation and petroleum and / or gas can be separated. Subsequently, it can be recycled and reinjected; the formulation of carbon disulfide towards the formation, or towards another white formation.

In certain embodiments, the formulation of carbon disulfide or carbon disulfide formulation mixed with other compounds may be miscible in oil and / or gas in the 306 formation.

In certain embodiments, the carbon disulfide or carbon disulfide formulation formulation mixed with other components can be mixed with oil and / or gas in formation 306 to form a miscible mixture. Subsequently, mixing can take place to well 312, and subsequently it can be separated.

In some embodiments, the carbon disulfide formulation or the carbon disulfide formulation mixed with other components may not be mixed with oil and / or gas in the 306 formation, so that the carbon disulfide formulation or the disulphide formulation of carbon mixed with other components is transferred as a cable through formation 306 to drive oil and / or gas into well 312. In certain embodiments, a quantity of carbon disulfide formulation or carbon disulfide formulation mixed with other components it can be injected into the well.332, followed by another component to propel the formulation of carbon disulfide or carbon disulfide formulation mixed with other components through formation 306, for example air; water in the form of gas or liquid; water mixed with one or more salts, polymers, and / or surfactants; carbon dioxide; other gases; other liquids; and / or mixtures thereof.

Figure 4: With regard to Figure 4, in certain embodiments of the invention, the production of carbon disulfide formulation 430 is described. The production of carbon disulfide formulation 430 has an entry of hydrogen sulphide and / or other sulfur-containing compounds. Hydrogen sulfide can be converted to sulfur dioxide by the oxidation reaction 432. Hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide can be converted to sulfur at 434. Sulfur can be combined with the carbon compound to produce a sulfur disulfide formulation. carbon in 436.

The formulation of carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide produced in 436 may be the output product. The carbon disulfide formulation and / or the carbon disulfide formulation containing the mixture can be the output product of the carbon disulfide formulation production 430.

Alternatives: In certain embodiments, salts derived from carbon disulfide can be dissolved in water, and the resulting solution can be pumped into formations 206 and / or 306. Dissolved carbon disulfide formulations can be decomposed, yielding carbon disulfide in formations 206 and / o 306.

In certain embodiments of the invention, gas and liquid produced from well 212 and / or 312 can separating, for example with a gravitational separator or centrifuge, or with other methods known in the art. The gas portion can be sent to the production of carbon disulfide formulation 230 and / or 330.

In some embodiments of the invention, all components of system 200 and / or system 300 can be located 10 km away, for example, approximately 5, 3 or 1 km.

In certain embodiments, the oil and / or gas produced from well 212 and / or 312 can be transported to a refinery and / or to a treatment facility. Oil and / or gas can be processed to obtain commercial products such as transportation fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, heating oil, lubricants, chemicals and / or polymers. Processing may include distillation and / or fractional distillation of the oil and / or gas to obtain one or more distilled fractions. In certain embodiments, the oil and / or gas, and / or one or more distilled fractions may be subjected to one or more of the following processes: Catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, hydrotreating, coking, thermal cracking, distillation, reforming, polymerization, isomerization , alkylation, mixing, and dewaxing.

It should be noted that any of the modalities to complete step 1 can be combined with any of the modalities to complete step 2, which can in turn be combined with any of the modalities to complete step 3.

It is not important which method is selected to complete steps 1 to 3.

Examples: Table 1 presents the combustibility properties of carbon disulfide, including the flash point, the auto-ignition temperature, and the combustibility limits in air at 25 ° C. It also presents the corresponding combustion data for other substances common to the chemical and oilfield industries. As can be seen, the distinguishing feature of the carbon disulfide solvent is its extremely low auto-ignition temperature, or the minimum temperature at which it can ignite spontaneously in the presence of air and without a source of ignition. The amplitude of these combustibility limits further increases the chances of ignition occurring. Even highly combustible hydrocarbons (such as octane 'and decanter) and hydrocarbon mixtures (such as diesel or LPG) have auto-ignition temperatures above 100 ° C and have much tighter combustibility limits. In fact, the low self-ignition temperature distinguishes carbon disulfide as the only one of its kind with regard to its combustibility, with recorded episodes, for example, of fires caused by the contact of bursts of carbon disulfide vapors with an incandescent lamp.

Table 1. Flammability properties of carbon disulfide and selected compounds.

Substance Point Temperature of Limits of inflammation auto-ignition combustibility (% CC) (° C) vol 25 ° C) Min MAX Shrimp -30 100 < 1 50 Methane -188 630 5 15 Ethane -135 515 3 12.4 Propane -104 450 2.1 9.5 n-butane -74 370 1.8 8.4 n-pentane -49 260 1.4 7.8 n-hexane -23 225 1.2 7.4 n-heptane -3 225 1.1 6.7 n-octane 14 220 0.95 6.5 n-nonane 31 205 0.95 - n-dean 46 210 0.75 5.6 ¾S -82 270 4 46 Ethanol 19 365 3 19 Isoprene -54 395 1 9 DirtEtil-sulfoxidc 90 300 3 63 (????) Gasoline -45 246 1 7 Hydrogen -253 530 4 75 Kerosene 35 210 1 5 Diesel 45 210 0.3 10 Naphtha 40 277 - - LPG -30 - - In contrast, the flash point, or the temperature required for a substance to burn in the presence of an ignition source such as a spark or flame, is low, but is not extreme when compared to other compounds presented in Table 1 Flammability evaluation procedures The evaluation of the combustibility of the carbon disulfide mixtures was carried out following the procedures of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the organization of international regulations. Three series of evaluations were carried out, based on the mixtures with H2S and / or C02, mixtures including hydrocarbons, and mixtures with small amounts of disulfide compounds (namely, dimethyl disulfide, diethyl disulfide and others). Measured parameters include self-ignition temperatures and lower combustibility limits of a variety of mixtures. The details of the experiments are provided below.

Flammability limits The minimum combustibility limit (LFL) is the minimum concentration at which a gas or combustion vapor can propagate a flame through a homogenous gas mixture. The tests for the LFL were performed according to the ASTM E-681 procedure, while a mixture Gas or steam uniform is turned on in a closed container, and the propagation of the flame up and down the ignition source is recorded by visual inspection. The concentration of the flammable component varies until the propagation of the flame is observed.

In the case of the carbon disulfide mixtures, the experiments were carried out in a 2.25 liter cylindrical vessel, equipped with the pipe connections and the necessary instrumentation to allow the evaluation. Due to the inherent risk of carbon disulfide, as well as many of the other components in the mixture, the test vessel was placed in a high-pressure barricade and the ignition was performed remotely from the control room of the barricade. Prior to the evaluation, the empty container is cleaned with water, dried with dry air, and evaluated for losses. Subsequently, the vessel is heated to the required evaluation temperature, purged with air, and subjected to vacuum at 0 kg / mc2 (0 psia). Subsequently, air is added to the vessel, followed by the carbon disulfide mixture to be evaluated. The ignition attempts are made using a high voltage constant arc (10 kV, 0.25 mA), at normal atmospheric conditions (1 kg / cm2 ((14.7 psia)) and ignition was determined with the increase in pressure and the temperature measured with the data acquisition system.

Self-ignition temperature The auto-ignition temperature (AIT) of a substance is the minimum temperature at which the material spontaneously ignites in the absence of an external ignition source, such as a spark or a flame. The TIA tests were performed according to the ASTM E-659 procedure, by which the substance is introduced into a uniformly heated glass flask and observed for ten minutes or until ignition occurs. The temperature of the flask and the concentration of the material in the flask vary until the TIA is detected.

As in the LFL experiments, the AIT experiments were carried out in a 2.25-liter cylindrical vessel, equipped with the pipe connections and instrumentation needed to allow the evaluation. Likewise, the same configuration is used, placing the evaluation vessel in a high-pressure barricade, and observations are made remotely from the control room of the barricade. Prior to the evaluation, the empty container is cleaned with water, dried with dry air, and evaluated for losses. Subsequently, the vessel is heated to the evaluation temperature required, it is purged with air, and subjected to vacuum at 0 psia (0 kg / cm2). Subsequently, air is added to the container, followed by a mixture of carbon disulfide, with carefully measured concentrations as it is introduced into the container. Subsequently, the test vessel is observed for ten minutes, as regards its ignition, and the ignition is determined with the increase in pressure and temperature provided by the data acquisition system.

Flammability results for carbon disulfide mixtures with H2S and C02.

Table 2 presents the results of the combustibility tests of some mixtures of carbon disulfide with H2S and / or C02. As can be seen, the addition of H2S in the carbon disulfide increases the auto-ignition temperature at 130 ° C with 5% H2S and 174 ° C with 50% H2S. There are small variations in the combustibility limits; although, the LFL is in the less than 1% range for pure carbon disulfide at 1.6% and 1.9% for carbon disulfide blends with 5% and 50% H2S, respectively. Contrarily, the auto-ignition temperature shows small variations when disulfide / C02 mixtures are elaborated pure carbon disulfide, but the lower combustibility limits increase moderately; What is interesting is that the LFL is higher for the 80% carbon disulfide / 20% CO2 blend than for the 35% carbon disulfide / 65% C02 mixture, suggesting that the LFL does not constantly increase higher concentrations of C02. Finally, the last row of table 2 shows that mixtures of carbon disulfide with both H2S and C02 can include higher self-ignition and combustibility temperatures.

Table 2. Results of combustibility tests for carbon disulfide mixtures with H2S and C02 Flammability results for mixtures of carbon disulfide with hydrocarbons Likewise, the combustibility tests were carried out on mixtures of hydrocarbons and carbon disulfide. The board 3 presents the data of AIT and LFL for these mixtures. Generally, at the level of 96% carbon disulfide / 4% hydrocarbon, the increases in TIA with respect to pure carbon disulfide are modest. For the 92% carbon disulfide / 8% hydrocarbon blending compositions, the increases in the AIT are greater, with more pronounced increases for the heavier hydrocarbons. In some way, this is not expected, since the TIA for pure hydrocarbons decreases for higher molecular weights (Table 1).

When hydrocarbons are added, the lower combustibility limits are increased slightly, up to approximately 2%, with very little difference between the levels of addition of hydrocarbons 4% and 8%. By adding hydrocarbon mixtures, and not pure hydrocarbons, to the carbon disulfide fluid, results are produced which are approximately in the same range as for the addition of the respective pure hydrocarbons. However, the last mixture in Table 3 allows to obtain a higher auto-ignition temperature than that of any of its constituent components added in comparable concentrations.

Table 3. Results of the combustibility test for carbon disulfide with hydrocarbons. The remaining solution of each mixture is disulfide fluid bond.

Flammability results for mixtures of carbon disulfide with disulfide compounds It was decided to evaluate the following additives: Dimethyl disulfide (Ci-DS) Diethyl disulfide (C2-DS) Dipropyl disulfide (C3-DS) Di-t-butyl disulfide (C4-DS) "Formulation A": mixture of Ci-DS 1%, C2-DS 62%, C3-DS 31%, C4-DS 6% "Formulation B": mixture of C2-DS 3%, C3-DS 70%, C4-DS 27% The additives were evaluated at concentration levels of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% by volume. It should be noted that unlike the previous tests, the concentration of disulfide compounds added to the carbon disulfide is based on the volume percentages, in order to be able to directly compare with the data of the previous patents. In molar terms, the added concentration of disulfide compounds would be less than in terms of volume.

The criterion for studying the mixtures of disulfide compounds ("Formulation A" and "Formulation B") which are depicted above is that they are generally waste product compositions termed "bisulphurized oils" found in the acid gas plants by the elimination of mercaptans. Since the elimination of these bisulphurized oils is very difficult and expensive, it was decided to evaluate their effectiveness as additives to increase the temperatures of automatic ignition of carbon disulfide. The results of the disulfide and carbon disulfide mixtures are presented in Table 4 and are graphically represented in Table 5.

Table 4. Results of the combustibility test for carbon disulfide with disulfide compounds (DS). The remaining solution of each mixture is carbon disulfide fluid.

Component% vol AIT (° C) LFL (% vol) Ci-DS 0.5% 172 0.7% 1. 0% 202 1.0% 1. 5% 202 1.0% 2. 0% 202 1.2% Ci-DS 0.5% 162 0.6% 1. 0% 196 0.9% 1. 5% 197 1.4% 2. 0% 197 1.4% C3-DS 0.5% 146 0.8% 1. 0% 166 0.8% 1. 5% 186 1.0% 2. 0% 201 1.4% C4-DS 0.5% 131 0.5% 1. 0% 141 0.6% Component% vol AIT (° C) LFL (% vol) 1. 5% 146 0.8% 2. 0% 156 0.8% Formulation A 0.5% 141 0.8% 1. 0% 166 0.8% 1. 5% 196 1.2% 2. 0% 196 1.2% Formulation B 0.5% 139 0.7% 1. 0% 156 0.9% 1. 5% 156 0.8% 2. 0% 166 1.0% Relatively small amounts of the disulfide compounds added to the carbon disulfide can increase the value of the AIT drastically. Apparently, dimethyl disulfide (Ci-DS) is the most effective in terms of increasing TIA, followed by diethyl disulfide (C2-DS), dipropyl disulfide (C3-DS) and di-t disulfide. -butyl (C4-DS). However, the inherent benefit of Ci-DS and C2-DS seems to be stuck at 1.0%, in which higher amounts do not seem to lead to more benefits. For the cases of C3-DS and C4-DS, the auto-ignition temperatures increase after adding 1.0%, although they are still lower than for the mixtures of Ci-DS and C2-DS.

Descriptive modalities: In one embodiment, the invention provides a system for producing oil and / or gas that includes a formation that includes a mixture of oil and / or gas and a mixture for optimizing the recovery of oil, including an additive for increasing the auto-ignition temperature of the mixture and a carbon disulfide formulation and / or a carbon oxysulfide formulation; and a mechanism for recovering at least a portion of oil and / or gas. In certain embodiments, the system also includes a mechanism for recovering at least a portion of the optimization mixture in oil recovery from the formation. In certain embodiments, the mechanism for recovering at least a portion of the oil and / or gas includes a well in the underground formation and a recovery facility in the upper part of the well. In some embodiments, the system also includes a mechanism for injecting more optimization mixture from oil recovery to formation. In certain embodiments, the system also includes a heater within the formation, adapted to heat at least one of the optimization blends in the recovery of oil, oil, and / or gas. In certain embodiments, the system also includes a mechanism adapted to separate the recovered oil and / or gas from any optimization mixture in oil recovery. In some modalities, the system also includes a mechanism adapted to inject more optimization mixture in oil recovery to the training. In certain embodiments, the optimization mixture in oil recovery includes at least 1 mole percent of butane, pentane, hexane and heptane. In certain embodiments, the optimization mixture in oil recovery includes at least 2 mole percent of butane, pentane, hexane and heptane. In certain embodiments, the optimization mixture in oil recovery includes at least about 30 mol percent carbon disulfide. In certain embodiments, the optimization mixture in oil recovery includes at least about 30 mol percent carbon oxysulfide.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a method for producing oil and / or gas that includes a formation that includes oil and / or gas; and releasing a mixture optimizing the recovery of oil in the formation, the mixture includes an additive for increasing the auto-ignition temperature of the mixture and at least carbon disulfide and / or carbon disulfide. In certain embodiments, the method also includes recovering at least a portion of the oil and / or gas from the underground formation. In certain modalities, the recovery is performed from a first well and the release of the optimization mixture from the recovery is made from a first well. In some modalities, recovery is made from a first well and the release of the optimization mix in the recovery of oil it is carried out from a second well. In certain modalities, the recovery is made from a higher point in the formation, and the release of the optimization mixture in the oil recovery is made from a lower point in the formation. In certain embodiments, the method also includes heating the optimization mixture in oil recovery before injecting the optimization mixture into the oil recovery in the formation, or while in formation. In some modalities, the method also includes the separation of the optimization mixture in the oil recovery from the oil and / or gas, and the reinjection of the optimization mixture in the oil recovery in the formation. In certain embodiments, the method also includes converting at least a portion of the oil and / or gas recovered from the formation into a material selected from the group that includes transportation fuels such as gasoline and diesel, heating fuels, lubricants, chemicals and / or polymers.

In one embodiment, an oil recovery optimization mixture is described which includes at least 1 mol% butane, at least 1 mol% pentane, at least 1 mol% hexane, at least 1 mol% heptane, and at least one carbon disulfide and one carbon oxysulfide. In certain embodiments, the mixture includes at least 2 mol% of butane, minus 2 mol of pentane, at least 2 mol% of hexane, and at least 2 mol% of heptane. In certain embodiments, the mixture also includes carbon dioxide. In certain embodiments, the mixture also includes hydrogen sulfide. In certain embodiments, the mixture includes at least 50% carbon disulfide. In certain embodiments, the optimization mixture includes at least 50% carbon oxysulfide.

Those skilled in the art will know that it is possible to make various modifications and variations to the embodiments described in the invention, to the configurations, the materials and methods without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Therefore, the scope of the appended claims and their functional equivalents should not be limited by the specific embodiments, described and illustrated herein, since they are and emplarizantes.

It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS Having described the invention as above, the content of the following claims is claimed as property:

1. A system for producing oil and / or gas characterized in that it comprises: a formation comprising a mixture of oil and / or gas and an oil recovery optimization mixture comprising an additive for increasing the auto-ignition temperature of the mixture and a carbon disulfide formulation and / or an oxygen oxysulfide formulation of carbon; and a mechanism for recovering at least a portion of the oil and / or gas.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises a mechanism to recover at least a portion of the optimization mixture in the recovery of oil from the formation.

3. The system according to any of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the mechanism for recovering at least a portion of the oil and / or gas comprises a well in the underground formation and a recovery facility in the upper part of the well.

4. The system according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it also comprises an injection mechanism of more optimization mixture in the Oil recovery in the formation.

5. The system according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it also comprises a heater within the formation, adapted to heat at least one of the optimization mixtures in the recovery of oil, oil, and / or gas.

6. The system according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it further comprises a mechanism adapted to separate the recovered oil and / or the gas recovered from any optimization mixture in the recovery of recovered oil.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that it also comprises a mechanism adapted to inject any optimization mixture in the recovery of oil recovered to the formation.

8. The system according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the optimization mixture in the oil recovery includes at least about 1 mole percent of butane, pentane, hexane and heptane.

9. The system according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the optimization mixture in the oil recovery comprises at least about 2 mole percent of butane, pentane, hexane and heptane.

10. The system according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the optimization mixture in the oil recovery includes at least about 30 mole percent of carbon disulfide.

11. The system according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the optimization mixture in the oil recovery includes at least about 30 mole percent of carbon oxysulfide.

12. A method for producing oil and / or gas characterized in that it comprises: providing a formation comprising oil and / or gas; and releasing the optimization mixture in the oil recovery in the formation, the mixture comprises an additive, adapted to increase a self-ignition temperature of the mixture and at least one carbon disulfide and / or carbon disulfide.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that it also comprises the recovery of at least a portion of the oil and / or gas from the underground formation.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the recovery is carried out from a first well and the release of the optimization mixture in the oil recovery is carried out from a first well.

15. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the recovery is performed from a The first well and the release of the optimization mixture in oil recovery is done from a second well.

16. The method according to any of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the recovery is made from a higher point in the formation, and the release of the optimization mixture in the oil recovery is made from a lower point in the formation .

17. The methods according to any of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that it also comprises heating the optimization mixture in the oil recovery before injecting the optimization mixture into the oil recovery in the formation, or while in the formation .

18. The method according to any of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that it also comprises the separation of the optimization mixture in the recovery of oil from oil and / or gas, and the reinjection of the optimization mixture in the recovery of oil in the formation.

19. The method according to any of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that it also comprises converting at least a portion of the oil and / or gas recovered from the formation into a material selected from the group consisting of transportation fuels such as gasoline. and diesel, heating oil, lubricants, chemicals and / or polymers.

20. An oil recovery optimization mixture characterized in that it comprises at least 1 mol% of butane, at least 1 mol% of pentane, at least 1 mol% of hexane, at least 1 mol% of heptane, and at least carbon disulfide and carbon oxysulfide.

21. The mixture according to claim 20, characterized in that it further comprises at least 2 mol% of butane, at least 2 mol% of pentane, at least 2 mol% of hexane, and at least 2 mol% of heptane.

22. The mixture according to any of claims 20 to 21, characterized in that it also includes carbon dioxide.

23. The mixture according to any of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that it also includes hydrogen sulfide.

24. The mixture according to any of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that the mixture comprises at least about 50% carbon disulphide.

25. The mixture according to any of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that the mixture comprises at least about 50% carbon oxysulfide.