MX2009002664A - Flask closure with hinged lid and tamper indicating element. - Google Patents
Flask closure with hinged lid and tamper indicating element.Info
- Publication number
- MX2009002664A MX2009002664A MX2009002664A MX2009002664A MX2009002664A MX 2009002664 A MX2009002664 A MX 2009002664A MX 2009002664 A MX2009002664 A MX 2009002664A MX 2009002664 A MX2009002664 A MX 2009002664A MX 2009002664 A MX2009002664 A MX 2009002664A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- lid
- overcap
- cover
- neck
- circumferential
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
- B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
- B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
- B65D47/08—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having articulated or hinged closures
- B65D47/0804—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having articulated or hinged closures integrally formed with the base element provided with the spout or discharge passage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
- B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
- B65D47/043—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring baffles, e.g. for controlling the flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
- B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
- B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
- B65D47/08—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having articulated or hinged closures
- B65D47/0804—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having articulated or hinged closures integrally formed with the base element provided with the spout or discharge passage
- B65D47/0833—Hinges without elastic bias
- B65D47/0838—Hinges without elastic bias located at an edge of the base element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D55/00—Accessories for container closures not otherwise provided for
- B65D55/02—Locking devices; Means for discouraging or indicating unauthorised opening or removal of closure
- B65D55/06—Deformable or tearable wires, strings, or strips; Use of seals, e.g. destructible locking pins
- B65D55/08—Annular elements encircling container necks
- B65D55/0818—Destructible or permanently removable bands, e.g. adhesive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D55/00—Accessories for container closures not otherwise provided for
- B65D55/02—Locking devices; Means for discouraging or indicating unauthorised opening or removal of closure
- B65D55/06—Deformable or tearable wires, strings, or strips; Use of seals, e.g. destructible locking pins
- B65D55/08—Annular elements encircling container necks
- B65D55/0863—Plastic snap-on cap-like collars having frangible parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2401/00—Tamper-indicating means
- B65D2401/15—Tearable part of the closure
- B65D2401/25—Non-metallic tear-off strips
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
- Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
A closure for a flask (G) with a spout (19) and a hinged lid (2) has a tamper indicating element (7,8). The tamper indicating element (7,8) consists of a part (7), which is fixed to the flask (G) and a tearable strip (8). Only when the strip (8) is removed, the hinged lid (2) can be lifted from the spout 19).
Description
CONSTRUCTION PROVISION INTRODUCED IN COVER APPLICATION FIELD
The present description refers to a constructive arrangement introduced in the lid, which will be used in jars in general, and, more specifically, in jars containing edible oil, and which is provided with means for detecting damage to its opening, thus ensuring total integrity of its content.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Various types of covers incorporating means capable of identifying a violation of their opening are already known from the state of the art, which is normally obtained by the use of low resistance lines or small frangible unions, which will be broken at the moment of opening of the lid. However, all these have as a main drawback the fact that the elements of rupture can be, in some cases, regenerated, often in a way up to fairly simple, thus allowing the practice of fraud against the user.
On the other hand, covers currently known from the state of the art incorporate more effective means for the prevention and detection of damage, which is normally obtained through seals formed from removable strips. However, all of these present as a disadvantage the fact that, after the removal of the seal, after the opening of the lid, the permanence of any means that may assist in the retention of the external lower portion of the lid against the outer edge of the neck, since, in the vast majority of cases, this removable strip that constitutes the seal is applied just at the bottom of the lid.
FUNDAMENTALS OF THE MODEL
With the intention of overcoming all the drawbacks present in the current techniques was designed a constructive arrangement introduced on top, which is composed of a cylindrical body, provided with an articulated overcap, the said body being inserted, under pressure, on the inside of the neck of the bottle, within which it will be retained by action of an annular stop provided in the lower part of said body. This constructive arrangement provides an area of interference with the surface of the inner edge of the
said neck, being further aided by the action of the constituent element of the bottom of said lid, which is presented in the form of a flat disk, on whose surface trapezoidal holes are made, arranged circumferentially, with sides slightly inclined to each other. Said lid has provided, immediately above the stop, a circumferential flange, serving as a flange for the upper edge of the neck, which is also provided with a skirt that will externally cover the upper portion of the neck, having it added to it, removably , the breakable strip, which constitutes the seal of the lid, since said skirt will remain, as after the removal of the seal, helping to retain the lid on the neck, due to its internal points of interference, which will interact with the upper and lower surfaces of the circumferential flange of said cover and with the external radial protrusion of the neck, the closing of said cover being effected through an overcap, by means of a flat hinge, articulated with the aid of the appendix formed in the rear portion of the inner circumferential ring of the lower surface of said overcap, which, in addition to assisting the insertion of the circumference ring l inside the upper edge of the lid, to provide the tightness of the assembly, will also provide flexibility to said hinge
flat, which will be done in two stages: in the first the hinge will move in relation to its line of union with the circumferential flange of said lid, and in the second stage, it will move in relation to its line of union with the surface bottom of the overcap, leaving the retention of the overcap, during its closure, reached by the action of the ferrule provided on the upper edge of said lid, which will interact with the circumferential rebite provided in the lower surface of the overcap. This is disposed between the inner circumferential ring of its lower surface and its outer circumferential flange which, during the closure of the assembly, will circumscribe the circumferential ridge provided on the upper surface of the circumferential flange of said cover, being that, for the opening of the said lid, a plurality of triangular ridges arranged in line is provided in the upper portion of a front peripheral segment of the overcap, which projects orthogonally in relation to the periphery thereof.
The constructive arrangement introduced in the cover, proposed in the present model, may still provide, in a constructive variant, the adoption of the constituent element of the bottom of said cover in the form of a conical disc, on the surface of which they are practiced.
inclined holes arranged circumferentially.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a better understanding of the constructive arrangement introduced in the cover, references are made to the annexed drawings, in which: Fig. 1 - Perspective view of the assembly of the cover assembly; Fig. 2 - Perspective view of the assembly formed by the skirt and the seal of the lid; Fig. 3 - Side view of the assembly formed by the skirt and the seal of the lid; Fig. 4 - Top view of the assembly formed by the skirt and the seal of the lid; Fig. 5 - External perspective view, in enlarged detail, of the gripping element and the rupture points of the cap seal; Fig. 6 - View in internal perspective, in enlarged detail, of the gripping element and of the rupture points of the cap seal; Fig. 7 - Perspective view of the lid seal breaking; Fig. 8 - Perspective view of the cover assembly without the seal;
Fig. 9 - Perspective view of the assembly of the lid and overcap in its closed position; Fig. 10 - Perspective view of the cover and overcap assembly in its open position; Fig. 11 - Side view of the cover assembly and overcap in its open position; Fig. 12 - Top view of the cover and overcap assembly in its open position; Fig. 13 - Bottom view of the cover and cover assembly in its open position; Fig. 14 - Top perspective view, in enlarged detail, of the hinge hinge of the overcap; Fig. 15 - Bottom perspective view, in enlarged detail, of the hinged hinge of the overcap; Fig. 16 - Bottom perspective view, in enlarged detail, of the grip elements of the overcap; Fig. 17 - Top perspective view, in enlarged detail, of the constructive variant of the bottom element of the lid; Fig. 18 - View in longitudinal section of the assembly of the cover assembly.
PREFERRED MODALITY OF THE MODEL
In accordance with what the appended figures illustrate, the constructive arrangement introduced in the lid, according to the present proposal, consists of a cylindrical body (1), provided with an articulated cover (2), said insert body being under pressure, in the inner part of the neck (G) of the bottle, inside which it will be retained by the action of an annular stop (3), provided in the lower part of said body. This constructive arrangement provides an area of interference with the surface of the inner edge of said neck, being further aided by the action of the constituent element of the bottom of said lid, which is presented in the form of a flat disk (4), on which its surface trapezoidal holes (5) are made, arranged circumferentially with sides slightly inclined to each other. Said cover has, immediately above the stop, a circumferential flange (6), serving as a flange for the upper edge of the neck, which is also provided with a skirt (7), which will externally cover the upper portion of the neck, having attached to it, removably, the breakable strip (8) that constitutes the seal of the lid, and whose removal is effected by means of the gripping element (9), which, when thrown away,
promotes, first, the breaking of the points (10) and (11), and, subsequently, its breaking in relation to said skirt, which will occur along the line of low resistance (12), which unites the seal to the skirt, since said skirt will remain, as after the removal of said seal, in a manner to retain said cover on the neck, in what is aided by its internal points of interference (13), (14) and ( 15), which will interact with surfaces, upper and lower, of the said circumferential wing of the lid, and with the external radial protuberance (P) of the neck, respectively, the closure of the lid being made through said overcap, by means of a flat hinge (16). ), articulated with the aid of an appendix (17), formed in the rear portion of the inner circumferential ring (18) of the lower surface of the overcap, which, in addition to assist in the insertion of said circumferential ring inside the edge top (19) of the lid, to provide the tightness of the assembly, also providing flexibility to said flat hinge, which will be done in two stages: in the first stage, the hinge will move in relation to the joining line (20). ) with the circumferential flange of said lid and, in the second stage, it moves relative to the joining line (21) with the lower surface of said overcap, leaving the
retaining the overcap, during its closure, reached by the action of the ferrule (22), provided on said upper edge of the lid, which will interact with the circumferential edging (23), provided on the lower surface of said overcap. This is disposed between said inner circumferential ring of its lower surface and its outer circumferential flange (24), which, during its closure, will rest on the circumferential piping (25), provided on the upper surface of said circumferential flange of the lid, wherein, for opening the lid, a plurality of triangular ridges (26) are provided, arranged, in line, in the upper portion of a peripheral peripheral segment of the overcap, projecting, orthogonally, in relation to the periphery this. The constructive arrangement introduced in the cover, of the present proposal, may still provide, in a constructive variant, the adoption of the constituent element of the bottom of said cover in the form of a conical disc (27), on the surface of which holes are made inclined (28), arranged circumferentially.
Claims (2)
1. Constructive arrangement introduced in cover, characterized in that it comprises a cylindrical body (1), provided with an articulated cover (2), said body being inserted, under pressure, in the internal part of the neck (G) of the bottle, inside which will remain retained by action of an annular stop (3), provided in the lower part of said body, which provides an area of interference with the surface of the inner edge of said neck, being further aided by the action of the constituent element of the bottom of the said cover, which is presented in the form of a flat disc (4), on whose surface trapezoidal holes (5) are made, arranged in circumferential form, with sides slightly inclined to each other, said lid being provided, immediately above the stop , of a circumferential flange (6), serving as a flange for the upper edge of the neck, which is also provided with a skirt (7), which will externally cover the portion top of the neck, having added to it, removably, a breakable strip (8) that constitutes the seal of the lid, and whose removal is effected by means of the gripping element (9), which, when pulled, promotes, first, the breaking of points (10) and (11), and, subsequently, its break in relation to said skirt, which will occur along the line of low resistance (12), which binds the stamp to the skirt, since said skirt will remain, as after the removal of said seal, in the form of retaining said lid on the neck, in what is aided by its internal points of interferences (13), (14) and (15), which will interact with the surfaces, upper and lower, of said circumferential flange of the lid, and with the external radial protuberance (P) of the neck, respectively, the closure of the lid being made through said overcap, by means of a flat hinge (16), articulated with the aid of an appendix (17), formed in the rear portion of the inner circumferential ring (18) of the lower surface of the overcap, which, in addition to assist in the insertion of said circumferential ring inside the upper edge (19) of the lid, to obtain the sealing of the set, also promotes the f lexibilization of said flat hinge, which will be given in two stages: in the first stage, the hinge moves in relation to the joining line (20) with the circumferential flange of said lid, and, in the second stage, displaces in relation to the line of union (21) with the lower surface of said overcap, the retention of the overcap remaining, during its closure, reached by the action of the ferrule (22), provided in said upper edge of the lid, which will interact with the circumferential rim (23), provided on the lower surface of said overcap, which is disposed between said inner circumferential ring of its lower surface and its outer circumferential flange (24) which, during its closure, will rest on the circumferential rim (25), provided on the upper surface of said circumferential flange of the lid, whereby, for the opening of the lid, a plurality of triangular ridges are provided (26). ), arranged, in line, in the upper portion of a peripheral peripheral segment of the overcap, projecting, orthogonally, in relation to the periphery thereof.
2. Constructive arrangement introduced in cover, according to claim 1, characterized in that the adoption of the constituent element of the bottom of said cover in the form of a conical disc (27), on whose surface inclined holes (28) arranged circumferentially.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRMU8602727-1U BRMU8602727U (en) | 2006-09-15 | 2006-09-15 | constructive arrangement introduced in cover |
PCT/BR2007/000058 WO2008031178A1 (en) | 2006-09-15 | 2007-03-13 | Flask closure with hinged lid and tamper indicating element |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
MX2009002664A true MX2009002664A (en) | 2009-03-24 |
Family
ID=39183288
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
MX2009002664A MX2009002664A (en) | 2006-09-15 | 2007-03-13 | Flask closure with hinged lid and tamper indicating element. |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100038337A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2081844A4 (en) |
BR (1) | BRMU8602727U (en) |
CA (1) | CA2663110A1 (en) |
CR (1) | CR10664A (en) |
MX (1) | MX2009002664A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008031178A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010012052A1 (en) * | 2008-08-01 | 2010-02-04 | Giovanni Garboni | Tamper-proof overcap for bottles |
JP6282354B2 (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2018-02-21 | クロージヤー・システムズ・インターナシヨナル・インコーポレーテツドClosure Systems International Inc. | Improved tamper evident cover |
USD834883S1 (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-12-04 | Thermos L.L.C. | Lid for drinking container |
CR20220114A (en) | 2019-10-07 | 2022-05-23 | Closure Systems Int Inc | Flip-top closure |
USD920104S1 (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2021-05-25 | Jeremy Griffin | Container base |
USD937674S1 (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2021-12-07 | Jeremy Griffin | Container base |
USD920103S1 (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2021-05-25 | Jeremy Griffin | Container base |
USD906111S1 (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-12-29 | Jeremy Griffin | Container base |
USD945883S1 (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2022-03-15 | Jeremy Griffin | Child resistant storage device |
USD996967S1 (en) | 2021-05-17 | 2023-08-29 | Closure Systems International Inc. | Closure |
USD996968S1 (en) | 2021-05-17 | 2023-08-29 | Closure Systems International Inc. | Closure |
ES1272079Y (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-10-11 | Bericap Holding Gmbh | MULTI-FLOW PLUG |
USD1028712S1 (en) * | 2022-01-01 | 2024-05-28 | Abdou Bobb | Neck finish of a bottle |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2600631B1 (en) * | 1986-06-26 | 1989-03-31 | Rical Sa | TAMPER ASSEMBLY AND CAPPING CAP |
FR2637570B3 (en) * | 1988-10-10 | 1990-08-17 | Bouchons Plastiques | INNER CLOSURE POURING CAP |
US5531349A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1996-07-02 | Blistex Inc. | Flip-top closure |
US5755352A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1998-05-26 | Blistex Inc. | Flip top closure with locking tabs |
FR2764271A1 (en) * | 1997-06-10 | 1998-12-11 | Astra Plastique | PLUG OF SYNTHETIC MATERIAL WITH HOOD ARTICULATED ON A BELT |
IT1301982B1 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-07-20 | Guala Closures Spa | CLOSING DEVICE WITH SEAL FOR LIQUID CONTAINERS. |
US6655553B2 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2003-12-02 | Seaquist Closures Foreign, Inc. | Dispensing closure with tamper-evident sleeve |
BR0101765A (en) * | 2000-11-27 | 2002-07-09 | Alpha Werke Alwin Lehner Gmbh | Flexible plastic closure for containers, especially for bottles |
EP1236652A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-04 | Crown Cork & Seal Technologies Corporation | Flow control closure |
ES1064661Y (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2007-07-01 | Betapack Sa | SIMPLIFIED PLUG FOR OIL BOTTLES |
-
2006
- 2006-09-15 BR BRMU8602727-1U patent/BRMU8602727U/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-03-13 WO PCT/BR2007/000058 patent/WO2008031178A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-03-13 EP EP07710586A patent/EP2081844A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-03-13 MX MX2009002664A patent/MX2009002664A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-03-13 CA CA002663110A patent/CA2663110A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-03-13 US US12/440,564 patent/US20100038337A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-03-13 CR CR10664A patent/CR10664A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2663110A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
WO2008031178A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
US20100038337A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
CR10664A (en) | 2009-04-13 |
EP2081844A1 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
EP2081844A4 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
BRMU8602727U (en) | 2008-04-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
MX2009002664A (en) | Flask closure with hinged lid and tamper indicating element. | |
EP2915585B1 (en) | Tamper-evident closure assembly having two tamper-evidencing members, and related methods | |
JP5804847B2 (en) | cap | |
US6116441A (en) | Dual tamper evident closure | |
KR101244109B1 (en) | Tamper-indicating dispensing closure | |
US20160244219A1 (en) | A method of manufacturing a tamper-evident closure | |
KR20000053018A (en) | One-piece molded flip cap closure | |
JPH07502955A (en) | Integral fitting and plug with tampering band | |
CA2510805A1 (en) | Tamper evident closure assemblies | |
CN107735336B (en) | Closing cap | |
US20040159665A1 (en) | Easy opening venting and resealable container closure | |
JP5213738B2 (en) | Hinge cap | |
CN104822620B (en) | For the container-closure that upside-down mounting is discharged | |
CN211618667U (en) | Safe and reliable's combination bottle lid and container | |
JP6345067B2 (en) | Hinge cap with stopper during transition | |
JP2006160290A (en) | Method for using container cap, container cap, and inner packing used for container cap | |
US20160059988A1 (en) | Can cover | |
JP6812081B2 (en) | Hinge cap | |
JP6821248B2 (en) | Hinge cap | |
CN110668003A (en) | Safe and reliable's combination bottle lid and container | |
CN205274147U (en) | Anti -counterfeit packaging bucket | |
DE502007005300D1 (en) | NON-SLIP AND RETAINER LID COVER WITH COVER RING | |
CN214453373U (en) | Paint bucket sealing cover | |
CN201224561Y (en) | Packing container | |
JPH09255013A (en) | Opening/closing device for container |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FA | Abandonment or withdrawal |