MX2008010425A - Process for dyeing polyester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for dyeing polyester fibre material according to the exhaust method, which process comprises the following steps:(a) pre-treatment of the fibre material with one or more surfactants, (b) dyeing with one or more disperse dyes, and (c) reductive after-treatment with a hydroxyalkylsulfinic acid or a hydroxyalkylsulfinic acid salt, wherein steps (a), (b) and (c) are carried out in succession in a single liquor.

Description

PROCESS TO DIE POLYESTER The present invention relates to a process for dyeing polyester fiber material, which uses dispersion dyes, according to the discharge method. The conventional process for dyeing polyester fiber (PES) materials is in the form of flat textile yarns or structures, for example woven fabrics, generally consisting of at least three separate stages. In a pre-treatment step, the fiber material is, for the purpose of degreasing / cleaning, treated with a surfactant, which contains a wash liquor, which may also contain other auxiliaries, such as desizing agents or bleaching agents. In the second stage, the dyeing process itself, the polyester fibers are subjected to treatment with a dye dispersion, at elevated temperature, in a certain pH range. In order to increase the firmness properties, the dye particles, which adhere to the surface of the fiber materials in such a way that they are removed by a subsequent treatment of reduction in the alkaline pH range. The dyed products are then neutralized, so that the final products have a neutral or slightly acidic pH.

This multi-stage process, which also requires three different cleaning and dyeing liquors, consumes a relatively long time, and is associated with an appreciable amount of liquor waste, loaded with contaminants. Therefore, there is a need for a more efficient process, which saves time and is simultaneously more favorable for the dyeing of polyester fiber material. It has now been found, surprisingly, that the multi-stage process, described above, can be considerably simplified and carried out as a so-called "all-in-one" procedure in a single liquor, by pre-washing in a dyeing bath and performing the subsequent treatment of eduction using a specific reduction agent, with an acidic pH in the same bath. The present invention relates to a process for dyeing polyester fiber material, according to the discharge method, this process comprises the following steps: (a) pretreatment of the fiber material with one or more surfactants; (b) dyeing with one or more dispersion dyes, and (c) subsequent reduction treatment with a hydroxyalkylsulfinic acid or a hydroxyalkylsulfinic acid salt. in which stages (a), (b) and (c) are carried out in a single liquor. The process, according to the invention, is suitable for dyeing fiber materials, based on synthetic polyesters, it being possible for both pure polyesters and mixed PES fabrics to be used. Preference is given to linear aromatic polyesters, which can be obtained by the poly-condensation of terephthalic acid and glycols or terephthalic acid and 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, such as, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBTP). Suitable surfactants for cleaning and / or degreasing in step (a) of the process are known to the person skilled in the art and are, for the most part, commercially available. In step (a) of the process, preference is given to the use of a nonionic surfactant or an anionic surfactant. Nonionic surfactants with especially preferred.

Suitable nonionic surfactants are especially compounds containing oxyalkylene groups, especially oxyethylene groups, such as, for example, polyglycol ethers of fatty alcohols (fatty alcohol ethoxylates), alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid ethoxylates, ethoxylates of fatty amines, ethoxylated triglycerides and monoalkoxylated polyethylene glycol ethers, as well as the polyethylene glycol ethers alkylated at both ends. In general, polyglycol ethers of fatty alcohols are addition products of 2 to 2 moles of alkylene oxide, especially ethylene oxide. with 1 mole of a monoalcohol, saturated or unsaturated, having 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Sativated aliphatic monoalcohols, which come into consideration, include natural alcohols, for example auric alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol or stearyl alcohol, and also synthetic alcohols, for example, 2-ethylhexanol, 1, 1, 3, 3 - tetramethylbutanol, octan-2-ol, isononyl alcohol, trimethylhexanol, trimethylnonilic alcohol, decanol, C9-Ci3-oxo-alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, isotridecanol, unsaturated aliphatic monoalcohols are, for example, dodecenyl alcohol, hexandecenyl alcohol or oleyl alcohol.

Polyglycol ethers of unsaturated fatty alcohols are also addition elements of ethylene oxide of mixtures of two or more alcohols, for example mixtures of alcohols derived from soybean fatty acids, palm kernel fatty acids, or tallow oils. Suitable alkylphenol polyglycol ethers are the addition products of 2 to 20 moles of + alkylene oxide, especially ethylene oxide, with 1 mole of an alkylphenol. Examples are 4- (1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethylbutyl = ethoxylated phenol, 4- (1, 3, 5-trimethylhexyl) phenol ethoxylated 4-dodecylphenol ethoxylated, 2,4-bis (1,3,5-trimethylhexylphenol) ethoxylate and ethoxylated 2, 6-tributylphenol Fatty acid ethoxylates, fatty amine ethoxylates and ethoxylated triglycerides are addition products of 2 to 20 moles of alkylene oxide, especially ethylene oxide, with 1 mole of a fatty acid of a fatty amine or a triglyceride, respectively Instead of using the hydroxy-terminated polyglycol ethers in step (a) of the process, it is also possible to use their phosphate derivatives, ie the corresponding phosphoric acid esters and Its other suitable components are (a) polyethylene glycol monol- ylated ethers, such as, for example, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol. -monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and tri ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and also the dialkylated polyethylene glycol dialkyl ethers, such as, for example, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether and triethylene glycol dibutyl ether. In step (a) of the process, preference is given to the use of a monoalkylated propylene glycol ether or a polyglycol ether fatty alcohol. Surface-active agents that are given special preference are triethylene glycol monobutyl ether and the phosphoric acid ester (potassium salt) of the ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol. In addition to containing one or more surfactants, the wash liquor used in process step (a) may include other textile auxiliaries, such as, for example, desizing agents, ores agents, wetting agents, enzymes, stabilizers, agents that they form complexes, dispersants, anti-foaming agents and pH regulators. Step (a) the process is advantageously carried out at a moderately high temperature, preferably 30 to 60 ° C, especially 35 to 50 ° C. The pH value of the pretreatment bath is preferably adjusted in a range of 2.5 to 6.5, especially 3.0 to 6.0, using suitable regulatory systems. The application of the dye or dye to the fiber materials in step (b) of the process is generally carried out by the method of discharge from the aqueous dispersion. in the presence of customary anionic or non-ionic dispersants and, optionally, customary swelling agents (carriers) at temperatures of 100 to 160 ° C, preferably 120 to 150 ° C. In principle, any dispersion dye for dyeing the polyester can be used in the process according to the invention. The following dispersion dyes are preferred: Color Index (CI). Disperse Yellow 54, IC Disperse Orange 25, IC Disperse Orange 30, IC Disperse Orange 32, I.C. Disperse Orange 44, I.C. Disperse Orange 61, I.C. Disperse Red 50, I.C. Disperse Red 73, I.C. Disperse Red 82, I.C. Disperse Network 167, I.C. Disperse Red 324, I.C. Disperse Red 356. I.C. Disperse Red 376, I.C. Disperse Red 382, I.C. Disperse Red 383, 'I.C. Disperse Violet 93: 1, I.C. Disperse Violet 107, I.C. Disperse Blue 56, I.C. Disperse Blue 60, I.C. Disperse Blue 79: 1, I.C. Disperse Blue 93: 1, I.C. Disperse Blue 165, I.C. Disperse Blue 284, I.C. Disperse Blue 291, and I.C. Disperse Blue 354 The dyes can be applied individually or in mixtures. Advantageously, a mixture of two or three dyes (di- or tri-chronically) can be used. Mixtures of four or more dyes, however, they can also be used in the production of gray shadows. The amounts in which the individual dyes are used in the dye baths can be within wide limits, depending on the desired shade depth. In general, amounts of 0.01 to 35% by weight, especially 0.1 to 15% by weight, based on the fiber material to be dyed, have proven to be advantageous. The liquor ratio can be selected within a wide range, for example within a range of from 1: 2 to 1:50, preferably from 1: 3 to 1:15. The process step (b) is preferably carried out from an H of 3.0 to 5.5, especially of a pH of 3.5 to 5.0. Reduction agents for use in step (c) of post-treatment, are a-hydroxyalkylsulfinic acids, 1-hydroxyethyl-sulfinic acid, 1-hydroxybutylsulfinic acid, 1-hydroxy-1-methylethylsulfinic acid, 1-hydroxy-1-hydroxy ethylpropylsulfinic acid, 1-hydroxy-1-methylpropylsulfinic acid and 1-hydroxy-1-methylpentylsulfinic acid. The reducing agents to which preference is given are hydroxymethylsulfinic acids and salts of hydroxymethylsulfinic acid, 1-hydroxy-1-ethylpropylsulfinic acid, 1-hydroxy-1-methylpropylsulfinic acid, especially sodium hydroxymethylsulfinate. Since, unlike the majority of other customary reducing agents, the hydroxy-alkylsulfinic acids can also be used in the acid pH range, this pH in step (c) of the process according to the invention, is preferably adjusted in the range from 3.5 to 6.5, especially in the range of 4.0 to 6.0. Advantageously, the process step (c) is carried out from 50 to 100 ° C, preferably from 60 to 90 ° C. An important advantage in the process according to the invention is that all three process steps (a), (b) and (c) can be carried out in the acidic range of the pH, preferably at pH values of 2.5 to 6.5 In the process, according to the invention, cellulose fibers (for example cotton) simultaneously present in the dye bath do not take on the color or take this color only slightly (very good reserve) so the process is also very suitable for dyeing fabrics of polyester / cellulose fiber blends The process of the invention is advantageously also suitable for dyeing or printing microfibers of synthetic polyesters. Microfibers means average fiber materials that are composed of yarns with an individual fineness of less than 1 denier (1.1 dTex). Such microfibers are known and are usually produced by spinning a melt. Said flexible material can be in a very wide variety of forms, for example, in the form of fibers, yarns, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and in the form of mats. Dyeings are obtained which have good firmness properties, such as, for example, good firmness to chlorine, to rubbing, to dampness, to wet rubbing, to washing, to water and to perspiration. The properties of firmness to washing, especially, have very good values. It is possible, by means of the "all in one" process, according to the invention, for the total duration of the previous treatment, dyeing and the subsequent reducing treatment, which in the PES dyeing process is approximately 200 to 400 minutes, be reduced to approximately 70 to 150 minutes.

Since the process, according to the invention, requires a simple washing operation, after the process step, the amount of water used in the process as a whole is about 50% less than in the conventional process. A saving of 40% of energy is also achieved. The following examples serve to illustrate the invention,. Unless stated otherwise, the parts are parts by weight and the percentages are also percentages by weight, temperatures are given in degrees Celsius (° C). The relationship between parts by weight and parts by volume are equal to those between grams and cubic centimeters.

Example 1: 2.0 kg of PES microfiber fabrics (0.8 d) were immersed in a liquor, heated to 40 ° C, which contains: 2 g / 1 of a washing solution (15% triethylene glycol butyl) ether, 12% potassium phosphate salt of ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol, 10% of Marlower® OFA (surfactant, sold by Sasol) and 63% water); 1 g / 1 Univadine® DPL (dispersant, Ciba Specialty Chemicals); 1 g / 1 of Cibaflow® UNI (anti-foam, Ciba Specialty Chemicals); 1 g / 1 Cibatex® AB-45 (acid regulator, went Specialty Chemicals.) After 5 minutes, the dispersed Terasil® Orange SD (Ciba Specialty Chemicals), Terasil® Rubins SD (Ciba Specialty Chemicals) and Terasil® Dark Blue Sd (Ciba Specialty Chemicals) were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 1.3% (Tersil® Orange SD), 3.0% (Terasil® Rubine SD) and 0.2% Terasil® Dark Blue S. The liquor then it was heated at a rate of 2 ° C / nin to 130 ° C. After 40 minutes, at 130 ° C, the liquor was cooled at a rate of 2.5 ° C / min at 80 ° C of a reducing agent (24.9% of hydroxymethane-sulfinic acid / sodium salt, 0.2% of Proxel GXL (condom, Aveca Inc.) 74.9% of water) then pH was added of about 5. After 20 minutes, at 80 ° C, the dyeing obtained It was washed with water and dried, obtaining a dark red dyeing that has good firmness properties, especially a high degree of firmness to light and washing. The measured wash values, according to ISO 105 COI are given in Table 1.

Example 2 2070 kg of a PES microfiber cloth (0.6 d) were stained with Terasil® Orange SC, Terasil® Rubine SD and Terasil® Dark Blue in the manner described in Example 1. The dyes were added in such amounts as their concentrations. in the liquor were 0.8% (Teresil® Orange SD), 0.3% (Terasil® Rubine SD) and 2.4% (Terasil® Dark Blue SD). The total duration of the wet process was 135 minutes. A dark blue dyeing that had good firmness properties, especially a high degree of firmness to light and washing, was obtained. The firmness to wash values measured in accordance with ISO 105 COI are given in Table 1.

Example 3 2780 kg of a PES microfiber cloth (0.8 d) were stained with Terasil® Orange SD, Terasil® Rubine SD and Terasil® Dark Blue SD in the manner described in Example 1. The dyes were added in such amounts as their concentrations in the liquor were 0.73% (Terasil® Orange SD), 0.048% (Tersail® Rubine SD and 0.5% (Tersasil® Dark Blue SD). Cibatex® AB-45 is introduced in an amount of 2 g / 1, the heating rate is 3 ° C / min. After 20 minutes at 10 ° C the liquor was coated at a rate of 5 ° C / min.

The total duration of the wet process was 90 minutes. A gray dyeing was obtained which has good firmness properties, especially a high degree of firmness to light and washing. The firmness to the washing values were measured in accordance with ISO 105 01, are given in Table 1 Table 1 firmness to washing, according to ISO 105 COI (00 C x 30 minutes)

Claims (1)

1. CLAIMS A process for dyeing polyester fiber material, according to the discharge method, this process comprises the following stages: (a) pretreatment of the fiber material with one or more surfactants; (b) dyed with one or more dispersion dyes, and (c) subsequent treatment of reduction with a hydroxyalkylsulfinic acid or a salt of a hydroxysulfinic acid. in which stages (a), (b) and (c) are carried out in a single liquor. A process, according to claim 1, wherein a nonionic surfactant or an anionic surfactant is used in step (a) of the process. A process, according to claim 1, wherein a monoalkylated polyethylene glycol ether or a fatty alcohol polyglycol ether is used in step (a) of the process. A process, according to claim 1, in which one or more dyes of the following group are used in step (b) of the process: Color Index (IC). Disperse Yellow 114, Disperse Yellow 211, Disperse Yellow 54, IC Disperse Orange 25, IC Disperse Orange 30, IC Disperse Orange 31, I.C. Disperse Orange 44, I.C. Disperse Orange 61, I.C. Disperse Red 50, I.C. Disperse Red 73, I.C. Disperse Red 82, I.C. Disperse Network 167, I.C. Disperse Red 324, I.C. Disperse Red 356. I.C. Disperse Red 376, I.C. Disperse Red 382, I.C. Disperse Red 383, I.C. Disperse Violet 93: 1, I.C. Disperse Violet 107, I.C. Disperse Blue 56, I.C. Disperse Blue 60, I.C. Disperse Blue 79: 1, I.C. Disperse Blue 93: 1, I.C. Disperse Blue 165, I.C. Disperse Blue 284, I.C. Disperse Blue 291, and I.C. Disperse Blue 354 A process, according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxymethylsulfinic acid or a salt of this hydroxymethylsulfinic acid is used in step (c) of the process. A process, according to claim 1, in which in all three stages of the process (a), (b) and (c), the pH value of the liquor is from 2.5 to 6.5. A process, according to claim 1, wherein the polyester fiber material consists of a pure polyester or a mixed polyester / cellulose fabric. A process, according to claim 7, wherein the polyester fiber material consists of microfibers. The dyed polyester fiber material, produced according to the process of claim 1.