MX2008006928A - Hexalobal cross-section filaments with three major lobes and three minor lobes, carpet tufted from yarn with such filaments, and capillary spinneret orifice for producing such filaments - Google Patents

Abstract

A filament comprising a synthetic polymer and characterized by a hexalobal cross-section having three major lobes and three minor lobes, and a major radius (R1) and a minor radius (R2). Each lobal cross-section having essentially straight side portions extending outwardly and tangent to a convex tip at each end. The ratio of the major radius (R1) to the minor radius (R2) defining an exterior modification ratio (R1/R2) of greater than (1).

Description

THREADS OF TRANSVERSAL SECTION HEXALOBULAR WITH THREE MAJOR LOBE AND THREE MINOR LOBES, CARPET WITH KNOTS OF THE THREAD OF THESE FILAMENTS, AND CAPILLARY RIVER HOLE FOR PRODUCING SUCH FILAMENTS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to synthetic polymer filaments having a hexalobular cross sectional shape with three major lobes and three minor lobes. The filaments are especially suitable for the manufacture of carpets exhibiting reduced gloss, a muffled, scintillation-free luster, high color performance, and excellent antifouling performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a synthetic polymer filament having a hexalobular cross section comprising three major lobes placed symmetrically about a central axis within a greater radius (Ri) relative to the central axis and three minor lobes each placed symmetrically between a smaller lobe within a smaller radius (R2) relative to the central axis where the ratio of the major radius (Ri) to the minor radius (R2) defines an external modification ratio (R? / R2) greater that 1. Carpets comprised of synthetic polymeric filaments having a cross section according to Ref. 193381 The invention exhibits a shimmering shine, a blunt-free muffled luster, high color performance, and excellent anti-fouling performance, i.e., concealment of stains. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description, taken in relation to the figures appended, which form a part of this application and in which: Figure 1 is a sectional view cross section of a filament according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a filament corresponding to an alternative embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a plan view of a row plate for producing a filament according to the present invention; Figure 4 is a plan view of a row plate to produce an alternative embodiment in the present invention; Figure 5 is a plan view of a row plate for spinning the filaments used in Comparative Example 1; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a trilobal filament used in the comparative example 1; Figure 7 is a plan view of a plate of rows used for the spinning of the filaments in comparative example 4; Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a trilobal filament used in comparative example 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION From beginning to end of the following detailed description of the invention, similar numerical references have been used to refer to like elements in the totality of the figures. The elements of the present invention have a solid, generally uniform, hexalobular cross section with three major lobes and three minor lobes. Each major lobe section has essentially straight lateral portions that extend outward and end in a generally convex tip. In one embodiment, the sides of the straight side portions are parallel. In another embodiment, the straight side portions may end in a point inward, from the wide to the narrow part, moving away from the central axis in the direction of the convex tip. In yet another embodiment, the straight side portions may end in a point inward, from the wide to the narrow point, moving toward the central axis in the direction from the convex tip to the central axis.

The larger lobes of the cross section may be positioned symmetrically or asymmetrically with respect to the central axis of the cross section of the filaments. The length of each major lobe that is measured from the central axis to the convex tip is greater than the dimension of the corresponding length of each smaller lobe. The lobes are arranged having two sides that are essentially mirror images of each other in the modalities where the lobes are symmetrical. With reference now to figure 1, there is shown a cross-sectional view of a filament generally indicated by the reference character 10 according to the present invention. A central, ie longitudinal, axis 12 extends through the filament 10 and serves as its geometric center. The distance from the central axis 12 to the outermost point (s) on the outer contour of the filament 10 from the axis defines a greater radius (Ri) of the filament. The points are represented as 16A, 16B and 16C on each major lobe, respectively. A smaller radius (R2) is defined as the distance from the central axis 12 to the outermost point (s) of the minor lobes represented as 17A, 17B, and 17C on each minor lobe, respectively. The distance from a respective generation center 18A, 18B, 18C to the convex tip of each Major lobe 16A, 16B, 16C is indicated by a radius R3 of the major point (only one of which is illustrated in figure 1 for illustration clarity). The distance from a respective generation center 19A, 19B, 19C to the convex tip of each smaller lobe 17A, 17B, 17C is indicated by a radius R4 of the minor point (only one of which is illustrated in FIG. clarity of illustration). The convex region 22 is positioned between each major lobe and each smaller lobe as shown. According to one embodiment, a filament 10 has an external modification ratio (R? / R2) greater than 1. In other words, the length of each major lobe (Ri) measured from the central axis of the filament to the tip of the lobe. greater is greater than the corresponding length of each smaller lobe (R2). According to another embodiment of the invention, the external modification ratio (R? / R2) is in the range from 1.2 to approximately 3.5. In still another embodiment, the external modification ratio (R? / R2) is in the range of about 1.5 to about 2.5. In addition, the ratio of the major radius (Ri) to the radius of the major tip (R3) defines a "major tip ratio" (R? / R3) in the range from about 2.0 to about 10.0. In other embodiment according to the invention, the ratio of the major tip (R? / R3) is in the range from about 2.5 to about 4.0. The ratio of the major radius (Ri) to the radius of the minor tip (R4) defines a "minor tip ratio" (R? / R4) in the range of about 2.0 to about 40.0. In another embodiment, the ratio of the minor tip (R? / R) is in the range from about 3.75 to about 14.0. A filament, i.e., a staple fiber or a continuous filament, according to the present invention, is prepared using a polymer or copolymer which can be spun in melt, thermoplastic, synthetic phase. Suitable polymers and copolymers include polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, and polyacrylonitrile. Hereinafter, the term "polymer" is used to mean polymers, and block and random copolymers. The polymer composition is melted and then extruded (i.e., "spun") through a capillary opening 54 in the die as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 having holes appropriately dimensioned therein (as will be described below) under conditions which vary depending on the physical properties and / or the chemical composition of the individual polymer composition that is used, thereby producing a filament 10 that it has a denier number, an external modification ratio, and a ratio of the major point to the minor one, desired. The filaments are subsequently quenched by the cooled air flowing through them. The filaments are then passed over one or more hot drawing coils. Subsequently, the filaments may be crimped and cut into short lengths to make the cut fiber, or expanded to make an expanded expanded filament (BCF) by any method known in the art. The filaments are generally uniform in cross section along their length and can be textured, also known as "expanded" or "crimped" according to known methods. They can be used for several different applications, including carpets, textiles, or non-woven uses. A plurality of expanded continuous filaments produced according to the invention can be grouped together to form an expanded continuous yarn. Due to the particular desirable properties of the filaments, a yarn formed therefrom is believed to be particularly advantageous for tufting (with or without other types of yarn (s), when desired) on the carpet driving by this to especially desirable properties. If desired, the thread may include other forms of filament (s). A carpet of white threads joined in accordance with the present invention can be passed through an ink jet printer. Using the design software, the jets shoot the dye on the carpet and form designs and configurations of infinite variety and color. The carpet is then treated with steam, followed by a complete rinse, and then spun in dry conditions. Both the hair in the form of loops and cut hair, can be used to produce printed carpets. Figure 3 illustrates an example of a die plate useful for producing a filament 10 'according to the present invention. The row plate is a relatively massive element having an upper surface and a lower surface. As is well appreciated by those skilled in the art, a portion of the top surface of the spinneret plate is provided with a drilled recess (not shown) whereby the plate is connected to a source of the polymer. Depending on the rheology of the polymer that is extruded, the lower margins of the drilled recess may be inclined to facilitate the flow of the polymer from the supply to the die plate. A plurality of capillary openings extend through the die plate from the recessed upper surface to the lower surface. Each capillary opening 54 serves to form a filament. Only one such capillary opening 54 is illustrated in Figure 3. The number of capillary openings provided in a given die plate thus corresponds to the number of filaments that are grouped to form a predetermined number of yarn (s). As noted, the additional filaments (if used) can be incorporated into the yarn in any convenient manner. As best seen in Figure 3, in the present invention each capillary aperture 54 has six legs with three main legs 62A, 62B, 62C and three smaller legs 63A, 63B, 63C. Each major leg 62A, 62B, 62C has a respective longitudinal axis 64A, 64B, 64C extending from the tip of the leg to the central axis 68 of the capillary opening. The major axes 64A, 64B, 64C are angularly spaced apart from each other by twenty degrees (120 °). Each minor leg 63A, 63B, 63C has a respective longitudinal axis 65A, 65B, 65C extending from the tip of the leg to the central axis of the filament. The minor axes 65A, 65B, 65C are angularly spaced from one another by twenty degrees (120 °). Each major axis is angularly spaced from the nearest minor axis by approximately sixty degrees (60 °). The major axes 64A, 64B, 64C of the major legs 62A, 62B, 62C, and the minor axes 65A, 65B, 65C of the smaller legs 63A, 63B, 63C intersect in the central axis 68 of the capillary opening.

The width dimensions of the major legs 62A, 62B, and 62C are indicated by the respective reference characters Bi, B2, B3. The width dimensions of the lower legs 63A, 63B, 63C are indicated by the respective reference characters Di, D2, D3. Normally, the width of a greater leg is greater than the width of a smaller leg. The length dimensions of the major legs 62A, 62B, and 63C are indicated by the respective characters Ai, A2, and A3 (only one of which is illustrated in Figure 3 for illustration clarity). The length dimensions of the lower legs 63A, 63B, and 63C are indicated by the respective reference characters Ci, C2, C3 (only one of which is illustrated in Figure 3 for illustration clarity). Usually, the length of a greater leg is greater than the length of a smaller leg. The sides of each leg are generally parallel and extend outward and end in a convex point. Alternatively, the leg may end in a widthwise direction, from the broad part to the narrow part, in the direction of the central axis 68 of the circular tip. In still another embodiment, the straight side portions may end in a point in width, from the wide to the narrow part, in the direction from the circular tip to the end. central axis 68 of the cross section. Figure 4 illustrates another example of a die plate useful for producing a filament 10 according to the present invention. The capillary opening 54 shown in Figure 4 is the same as in Figure 3 except that the convex tips of each leg have been somewhat enlarged as shown. The reference character "D" indicates the diameter of the enlarged tip located on each major leg. The reference character "d" indicates the diameter of the enlarged tip located on each lower leg. The die plate may be manufactured in any suitable manner, such as by the use of a laser beam technique described in United States of America patent 5,168,143. The invention will now be described in greater detail in conjunction with the following non-limiting examples. Examples Test methods Relative viscosity Relative viscosity (RV) was measured by dissolving 5.5 grams of a nylon 6.6 polymer in fifty cubic centimeters (50 cc) of formic acid. The RV is the ratio of the absolute viscosity of the nylon 66 / formic acid solution to the absolute viscosity of the formic acid. Both viscosities absolute were measured at twenty-five degrees centigrade (25 ° C). Brilliance of the carpet The brightness grades for different samples of cut pile carpets were initially compared in a side by side comparison without the knowledge of which carpets were made with such yarns. The carpets were examined by a panel of five (5) experienced examiners each familiar with the construction and surface texture of the carpet. The brightness value was measured by the examiners on a scale of "1" to "5", with "5" which is the highest brightness. The brightness value for each sample was averaged and the samples provided a low, medium or high brightness rating on an average rating. The volume of the carpet was evaluated in the same way. The results of the brightness are reported in table 3. Laboratory fouling test The fouling test was carried out on each carpet sample using a Vetterman drum. The base color of the sample was measured using the manual color measuring instrument sold by Minolta Corporation as model CR-210"Chromameter". The carpet sample was placed on the Vetterman drum. Two hundred grams (200 g) of nylon globules 101 Zytel of clean nylon and fifty grams (50 g) of dirty globules (by Dupont Canada, Misissauga Ontario) were placed on the sample. The dirty globules were prepared by mixing ten grams (10 g) of a dirty synthetic carpet AATCC TM-122 (by the manufacturer Textile Innovators Corp. Windsor, N.C.) with one thousand grams (1000 g) of the new Zytel Nylon 101 globules. One thousand six hundred to one thousand seven hundred grams (1600-1700 g) of cylindrical, ceramic globules [small globules of 2,794 to 3,324 m (110 to 130 W), diameter x 1.27 cm (W) in length and large globules of 65.4 to 90.80 cm (twenty-five to thirty-five (25 to 35), of (3/4") in diameter, 1.91 cm (3/4") in length] were added to the Vetterman drum, the Vetterman drum was run for five hundred (500) cycles and the sample was removed.The color of the sample was measured again and the color change was recorded against the control value (delta E) due to fouling.The sample was placed back on the drum, fifty grams (50 g) of the mixture of dirty globules was discarded and fifty grams (50 g) of the new dirty globules were added in the drum The procedure described above was repeated for three runs of five hundred (500) additional cycles. total of two thousand (2000) cycles, s e measured and recorded the color change against the value of control after the application of a vacuum. Samples with a high number of delta E work worse than samples with a low delta E value. Soil foot traffic test The run test during soiling by foot traffic on the loop rugs composed of the filaments of this invention was carried out. The test involved exposing the carpets to a significant amount of soiling by a real foot traffic test. Typical foot traffic levels ranged from 150,000 to 1,000,000 at a rate of approximately 100,000 to 200,000 traffics per week. The dimensions of the carpet samples may vary. The width of the carpet sample is typically approximately 1.83 m (six (6) feet) to cover the width of the corridor. The length of the carpet is typically in the range of about 30.48m to 45.72m ((twelve (12) to eighteen (18) inches), depending on the number of samples available.In this example, the carpet of commercial-grade loops measured 30.48 cm x 1828 m (twelve (12) inches x six (6) feet) The carpets were vacuum treated prior to each measurement, every twelve (12) hours the reflectance measurements were made on the different carpet samples using a Minolta Chromatograph Meter CR-210 measuring device. The CR-210 is a compact, color triestimulus color analyzer for measuring the reflected object color. The color readings are taken in three (3) different areas on the carpet sample. The Chromatograph Meter calculates? E, the difference in color, for each reading. The color deviation? E represents the total color difference. The equation makes the assumption that the color space is Euclidean (three-dimensional) and is calculated from the? E as the square root of the sum of the squares of the three components that represent the difference between the coordinates of the sample and the standard , as shown by the equation given below: where L * is a brightness variable, and A * and B * are the coordinates of the chromaticity. When carrying out a comparison test of fouling, it is important to test all of the samples at the same time and try to maintain the same location of the floor. Roads are also used to prevent walking on the outside, to prevent the carpet samples closest to the corridor entrance receiving an undue amount of dirt. This prevented the deviation in the test. The Test samples with a low E after foot traffic are considered to have better performances than samples with high E. EXAMPLES 1-3 Spinning Process In the following examples, nylon 6,6 filaments having several cross ions were produced. The nylon 6,6 filaments were spun from different rows of the type shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5. The nylon 6, 6 polymer used for all of the examples was a dull polymer, which means that the Polymer doped in the spinning contained 0.15 weight percent TiO2, and had a relative viscosity (RV) of sixty-eight plus / minus roughly three units (68, +/-, ~ 3 units). The temperature of the polymer before spinning was controlled to approximately two hundred eighty-five degrees plus / minus one degree centigrade (285, +/-, 1 ° C). The spinning from start to finish was 31.8 kg (seventy pounds (70 lbs) per hour) The polymer was extruded through the different rows and divided into two (2) segments of eighty (80) filaments. the rows are described later, the molten fibers were turned off then quickly into a chimney, where cooling air was blown to approximately nine degrees centigrade (~ 9 ° C) once the filaments have been passed to 8.49 cubic meters / minute (three hundred cubic feet per minute (300 cfm)) through the off zone. The filaments were then coated with a lubricant at 731.52 m / min (eight hundred yards per minute (800 yards / minute) for stretching and curling.) The coated yarns were stretched at 2009 m / min (2197 yards per minute and 2.75 x from the stretch ratio) using a pair of hot drawing rolls.The drawing roll temperature was one hundred ninety degrees centigrade (190 ° C) .The filaments were then sent forward, towards a double shock volumetric jet (with hot air at 210 ° C) similar to that described in U.S. Pat. 3,525,134 to form two (2) denier threads of nine hundred ninety five (995 denier; 1106 decitex), and threads of 12.5 denier per filament (dpf) (13.9 decitex per filament). Continuous volumetric, spun, stretched, and crimped filaments (BCF) were twisted by means of a cable up to 12.7 turns / cm (5.0 turns per inch (tpi)) on a cable twister and fixed with heating on a machine Heating hardening Superba at a hardening temperature of 129.4 ° C (two hundred sixty five degrees Fahrenheit (265 ° F)). The test yarns were then woven into knot in cut pile carpets with a hair weight of 1865 g / square meter (fifty-five ounces per square yard (55 ounces / square yard)) having a hair height of 1.59 cm (0.625 inches (5/8")) on a 0.254 cm (1/10 inch) gauge tufting machine. The knotted carpets were dyed on a continuous interval dyeing apparatus in beige carpets. the wool The aesthetic characteristics of the carpet were evaluated by a panel of experts They were also subjected to fouling tests on a Vetterman drum Example 1 (Comparative) The filaments having a corrugated trilobal cross section (US 5,108,838), as shown in Figure 6, they were made using the above described process The filaments were spun through a capillary row, as shown in Figure 5. Example 2 (Present invention) The filaments That they have a hexalobular cross section according to the invention, as shown in Figure 1, were made using the process described above. The filaments were spun through a capillary row as shown in Figure 4. capillary dimensions are described in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 presents the magnitudes of the various dimensions i, A2, A3, Bi, B2, B3, and D of the major legs shown in Figures 3-4. Table 2 presents the magnitudes of the various dimensions Ci, C2, C3, Di, D2, D3, and d of the smaller legs shown in Figures 3-4. The dimensions are in centimeters. Table 1. Dimensions on the legs Table 2. Dimensions on the lower legs Example 3 (Present invention) Filaments having a hexalobular cross section according to the invention, as shown in Figure 2, were made using the process described above. The filaments were spun through a capillary row as shown in figure 3. The capillary dimensions are described in tables 1 and 2.

Carpets produced using the above filaments were subjected to a fouling test on a Vetterman drum as previously described. The fouling performance was judged by the delta E measurements. Carpet samples with a low delta E were considered to be the best performing during fouling, that is, they have a better anti-fouling performance, than the carpets with a delta E raised. The reduction of delta E in one or more units is considered to be a significant improvement. The carpet samples were also evaluated by a panel of experts to verify the luster and brilliance. Carpets without some brilliance are more desirable than carpets with a high brilliance. All natural fibers do not have an undesirable brilliance. The test results are summarized immediately in table 3. Table 3. Test results Examples 4-6 Spinning process In the following examples, filaments were produced 6.6 nylon having several cross sections. The nylon 6,6 filaments were spun from different rows as shown in Figures 3, 4, 5, and 7. The nylon 6, 6 polymer used for all the samples was a dull polymer, which means that the polymer contained 0.2 percent by weight of Ti02, and had a relative viscosity (RV) of sixty-eight plus / minus approximately three units (68, +/- ~ 3 units). The temperature of the polymer before spinning packing was controlled to approximately two hundred eighty-six plus / minus one degree centigrade (286, +/- 1 ° C). The spinning from start to finish was 34.1 kg (seventy-five pounds (75 pounds)) per hour. The polymer was extruded through the different rows and divided into two (2) segments of sixty-four (64) filaments. The molten fibers were quickly extinguished in a chimney, where cooling air was blown at approximately nine degrees centigrade (~ 9 ° C) once the filaments had been passed at 8.49 cubic meters / minute (three hundred cubic feet per minute (300 cfm)) through the off zone. The filaments were then coated with a lubricant at 654 m / min (seven hundred and fifteen yards per minute (715 yards / minute)) for the stretched and curled. The coated yarns were stretched at 111 m / min (1930 yards per minute and 2.75 x draw ratio) using a pair of hot drawing rolls. The temperature of the drawing roller was one hundred ninety degrees centigrade (190 ° C). The filaments were then sent forward towards a double impact volumetric jet (with hot air at 230 ° C) similar to that described in U.S. Pat. 3,525,134, to form two (2) threads of one thousand two hundred and forty five denier (1245 denier; 1385 decitex), and of 19 denier per filament (dpf) (21.1 decitex per filament). The carpet for the anti-soiling test was prepared by twisting with a cable at 11.43 turns / cm (4.5 turns per inch (tpi)) on a cable twister and hardening with heating on a heating hardening machine. a hardening temperature of 129.4 ° C (two hundred and sixty-five degrees Fahrenheit (265 ° F)). These test yarns were woven in knot then in cut pile carpets of 1085 g / square meter (thirty-two ounces per square yard (32 ounces / square yard)) having a hair height of 0.635 cm (0.25 in. (8/32")) on a 0.254 cm (1/10 inch) tufting machine ) gauge knotted carpets were dyed in an apparatus Beck dyeing on beige carpets of approximately L * = 71. Carpet samples for the printing test were prepared by twisting with a cable at 12.19 turns / cm (4.8 turns (tpi)) on a cable twister and They are hardened by heating on a Supreme heating hardening machine at an adjustment temperature of 129.4 ° C (two hundred and sixty-five degrees Fahrenheit (265 ° F)). These test yarns were then woven into knots in cut pile carpets of 1221 g / square meter (thirty-six ounces per square yard (36 ounces / square yard)) having a hair height of 0.794 cm (0.31 inch (5 / 16")) on a 0.254 cm (1/10 inch) gauge tufting machine Example 4 (Comparative) The filaments having a trilobal cross section as shown in Figure 6 were made using the process of The filaments were spun through a capillary row as shown in Figure 5. Example 5 (Present invention) Filaments having a hexalobular cross section according to the invention as shown in Figure 2, they did using the spinning process in Molten phase described above. The filaments were spun through a capillary row as shown in Figure 3. The capillary dimensions are described in Tables 1 and 2. Example 6 (present invention) The filaments having a hexalobular cross section according to the invention as shown in Figure 2, were made using the melt-phase spinning process described above. The filaments were spun through a capillary row as shown in Figure 4. The capillary dimensions are described in Tables 1 and 2. Example 7 (Comparative) The filaments having a trilobal cross section as shown in Figure 8 , were made using a process similar to the melt-spinning process described previously. The filaments were spun through a capillary row as shown in Figure 7. Examples 4-6 were converted into pile carpets with 0.254 cm (1/10 inch) gauge loops, 0.635 cm high (1 / 4 inches) of hair, 0.918 kg (32 ounces) and individually stained to a faint beige color (L * »71). The anti-fouling tests were carried out on these samples using the traffic from the feet. The fouling data are listed in table 4. Table 4: Foot traffic fouling test Examples 5-7 were converted to 0.2 g / cm2 (36 ounces per square yard) cut pile carpets, 1/25 inch (0.254 cm) gauge, 5/16 inch (0.7937 cm) hair height . The samples of the carpet were steam treated and printed on a Chromojet printer on a carpet configured in multiple colors. All the carpet samples received the same amount of dyes. The printed carpets were then treated with steam to fix the dyes, and rinsed thoroughly with water to remove the unused dyes. A Minolta colorimeter was used to measure the intensity of the color (L * value) of the carpet (beige section only). The carpet with the L * low value has a darker color than the carpets with a print quality. The test results are listed in table 5.

Table 5. Evaluation of the printed carpet of cut hair It is noted that in relation to this date the best method known by the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims (18)

1. CLAIMS Having described the invention as above, the content of the following claims is claimed as property: 1. A synthetic polymer filament, characterized in that it has a hexalobular cross section having three major lobes placed symmetrically with respect to a central axis within a larger radius. with respect to the central axis and three smaller lobes each placed symmetrically between a greater lobe and within a smaller radius in relation to the central axis, where the ratio of the greater radius to the minor radius defines an external modification ratio greater than 1 2. The filament according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio R? / R2 is in the range from about 1.2 to about 3.5. The filament according to claim 2, characterized in that the ratio R? / R2 is in the range from about 1.5 to about 2.5. The filament according to any of claim 1, claim 2, or claim 3, characterized in that each major lobe terminates at a convex point, having a radius of the tip, and the ratio of the largest radius to the radius of the tip defines a ratio of the highest point in the range from 2.0 to 10. 0. The filament according to claim 4, characterized in that the ratio of the major tip is in the range from about 2.5 to 4.0. The filament according to any of claim 1, claim 2, or claim 3, characterized in that each smaller lobe has a smaller tip radius, and the ratio of the greater radius to the radius of the minor tip is in the range from about 2.0 to about 40.0. The filament according to claim 6, characterized in that the ratio of R? / R is in the range of 3.75 to about 14.0. The filament according to claim 4, characterized in that each smaller lobe has a radius of the tip, and the ratio of the greater radius Ri to the radius of the tip is in the range from about 2.0 to about 40.0. 9. The filament according to claim 5, characterized in that the ratio of the tip R1 / R4 is in the range from 3.75 to approximately 14.0. The filament according to claim 1, characterized in that the synthetic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, and polyacrylonitrile. 11. A carpet, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of volumetric continuous threads knitted in a backing, each thread comprises a plurality of continuous polymeric volumetric filaments, each of the volumetric continuous filaments has as particularity a hexalobular cross section having three major lobes placed symmetrically about a central axis within a greater radius with respect to the central axis and three smaller lobes each placed symmetrically between a greater lobe and within a smaller radius with respect to the central axis, where the ratio of the greater radius with respect to the smaller radius defines an external modification ratio greater than 1. The carpet according to claim 11, characterized in that it is a printed carpet. 13. A capillary row orifice, characterized in that it comprises: three identical legs that extend radially outward and equally spaced, larger, and three identical legs that extend radially outward and equally spaced, smaller, originating at a central point in a hexalobular central region where two legs are images essentially mirror to each other and the length of each greater leg is greater than the length of each smaller leg. 14. The hair row hole in accordance with Claim 13, characterized in that the width of each major leg is greater than the width of each minor leg. 15. The capillary row orifice according to either claim 13 or 14, characterized in that each of the major legs has an extended circular tip. 16. The capillary row orifice according to either claim 13 or claim 14, characterized in that each of the smaller legs has an extended circular tip. The capillary row orifice according to claim 15, characterized in that the ratio of the diameter of the extended circular tip to the width of the greater leg is in the range of about 1.0 to about 4.0. 18. The capillary row orifice according to claim 16, characterized in that the ratio of the diameter of the extended circular tip to the width of the smaller leg is in the range of about 1.0 to about 4.0.