MX2007005804A - Method and apparatus for jet-fluid abrasive cutting. - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and apparatus for down hole abrasive jet-fluid cutting, the apparatus includes a jet-fluid nozzle (4) and a high pressure pump (19) capable of delivering a high-pressure abrasive fluid mixture to the jet-fluid nozzle (4), an abrasive fluid mixing unit capable of maintaining and providing a coherent abrasive fluid mixture, a tube (9) to deliver the high pressure coherent abrasive mixture down hole to the jet-fluid nozzle (4), and a jetting shoe (5) adapted to receive the jet-fluid nozzle and directing abrasive jet-fluid mixture towards a work piece. A jetting shoe controlling unit manipulates the jetting shoe (5) along a vertical and horizontal axis and a central processing unit (11) having a memory unit capable of storing profile generation data for cutting a predefined shape or window profile in the work piece and coordinating the operation of various subsystems.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ABRASIVE CUTTING WITH FLUID This request claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 for application number 60 / 527,308, filed on 11/12/2004, entitled "Method Programmable and Apparatus for Cutting with Abrasive Fluid Jet through the Roof, Cement and Rock Formation ", which is hereby incorporated in full for reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present disclosure relates to the drilling and cutting system and its methods of operation and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for abrasive cutting with a fluid jet.

ANTECEDENTS OF THE DESCRIPTION This description is related to the cutting of shape and profile (s) of computer programmed window through a well drilling cover whose inner diameter is 7.62 centimeters or greater, and more particularly, with the controlled and precise use of a Abrasive fluid jet to cut a predefined shape or window through a cover drilling, thus facilitating and providing access to the training structure beyond the cemented cover. Currently many wells have a drilled, perforated drilling extending beyond a main well drilling of generally vertical axis. The perforation of such lateral tunnel is achieved via multiple steps. After covering and cementing a well borehole, historically a multi-phase grinding process is employed to laterally cut a window through the deck at the general location where it is desired to start the side tunnel. Once the window is opened grinding, the drilling process can start. Although it is simple in concept, frequent execution is complicated and difficult to achieve in a manner without delay. Several complicating factors are that the borehole of the borehole is made of steel or material with similar hardness as well as it is difficult to access the deck below in the borehole in the side wall of the borehole. Historically it is not uncommon to take 10 hours to complete the grinding of the desired window shape and / or profile (s) through the cover using conventional machining processes. An improper window shape or profile (s) of cutting the side tunnel perforation through the steel cover can cause the drill to break during a horizontal or lateral drilling procedure. A prior art method and apparatus for cutting round perforations and elongated slots in well flow conductors it was presented in the Patent of E. U. A. No. 4,134,453, which is reincorporated in the present for reference as it is fully published. The disclosed apparatus has jet nozzles in a jet nozzle head to discharge a fluid to cut the perforations and slots. A deficiency in this method of the prior art is that the length of the cuts that the jet nozzle described makes within the rock formation is limited because the jet nozzle is stationary with respect to the jet nozzle head. Another method of the prior art and apparatus for cutting panel with molded openings is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,479,541, which is incorporated herein by reference as being fully published herein. The described apparatus is a perforator having two expandable arms. Each arm having one end with a piercing jet disposed at its distal end with a cutting jet emitting a jet stream. The cutting function is described as being achieved by longitudinal, or alternating, oscillation of the perforator. By a sequence of up and down shifts within a particular well segment, a deep slot is intended to be formed. The method offered is deficient in that only an upward movement along a well bore is possible due to the design of the expandable arms. In addition, the prior art reference does not provide guidance on how to overcome the problem of the two expandable arms being established against the wellbore. they are prevented from moving in a downward direction. One result of the design deficiency of the prior art is that acute angles are formed between the well wall, thus causing the jet streams emitted in the jets at the distal ends of the expandable arms to only cut small scrapes into the walls. inside the well. A further method of the prior art and apparatus for cutting grooves in a well-drilling deck is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,445,220, which is incorporated herein by reference as being published herein. In the described apparatus a perforator is comprised of telescopic means and a double jet nozzle for cutting grooves. The perforator centered on the longitudinal axis of the well borehole during the slot cutting operation. The perforator employs a stabilizer means, which restricts the perforator, thus not allowing any rotational movement of the perforator, except a vertical movement up and down. Additionally, the lifting means of the perforator was not shown or described. A further prior art method for cutting the cover and stack is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,381, 631, which is incorporated herein by reference as it is fully disclosed herein. The described apparatus provides a rotational movement in a substantially horizontal plane to produce a circumferential cut within the wellbore perforation cover. The drive mechanism of the device is arranged down in the hole in the location near the target area of cut. The reference of the prior art is deficient because the apparatus requires multiple hoses to be connected from the surface to the apparatus for power supply and control. Therefore, there is a need for a method and apparatus for cutting a window shape and profile (accurate), which can be achieved more quickly and at lower cost. An additional need is to drill the decks, cut accumulations under the seabed and to slot well drilling decks using the programmed single movement of a hydraulic drilling guide 140.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present description has been made in view of the above circumstances and has as an aspect an apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down the bore capable of cutting a window shape or profile inside a well bore cover by the application of high pressure coherent abrasive fluid mixture. The present description solves the problems mentioned hereinabove by employing the use of a computer, central processing unit or controlled microchip independent of the rotational and longitudinal movements of a hydraulic drilling guide down the inner wall of the bore to cut predefined shapes and window profile (s) in and through the well drilling deck being driven by two or more servo driven units fixed on the surface above the wellhead. After the window shape or profile (s) are cut accurately, using the teachings of the present disclosure, the perforation of the side tunnel can begin. To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the present disclosure, as widely represented and described, the present disclosure can be characterized according to one aspect of the present disclosure as comprising a fluid jet cutting apparatus below. in the perforation, the apparatus including a fluid jet nozzle and a high pressure pump, wherein the high pressure pump is capable of delivering a mixture of high pressure abrasive fluid to the fluid jet nozzle. An abrasive fluid mixing unit, wherein the abrasive fluid mixing unit is capable of maintaining a coherent abrasive fluid mixture and a high pressure conduit for supplying the coherent high pressure fluid jet abrasive mixture to the jet nozzle. of fluid. A hydraulic drill guide with fluid jet nozzle is used, wherein the hydraulic drilling guide is adapted to receive the fluid jet nozzle and direct the coherent high pressure fluid jet abrasive mixture towards a work piece, wherein the unit for controlling the hydraulic drilling guide additionally includes at least one servomotor to manipulate the pipe and hydraulic drill guide along a vertical and horizontal axis. A central processing unit having a memory unit, wherein the memory unit is capable of storing profile generation data to cut a predefined shape or window profile on the workpiece. The central processing unit also includes software, wherein the software is capable of directing the central processing unit to perform the steps of: controlling the hydraulic drilling guide control unit to manipulate the hydraulic drilling guide along the axis vertical and horizontal to cut a predefined shape or window profile on the workpiece. The control unit of the hydraulic drill guide controls the feed rate and the vertical and horizontal axial movement of the pipe and the hydraulic drill guide to cut a predefined window shape or profile on the work piece. The software controls the percentage of the abrasive fluid mixture up to the total fluid volume and also controls the pressure and flow rate of the high pressure pump. The present disclosure may further be characterized in accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure as a method for computer-assisted grinding of a well drilling structure, the method comprising the steps of establishing a lower slip anchor in a well bore. a predetermined depth below a grinding site and insert into the well drilling a directional gyroscope, where the directional gyroscope is placed such that it rests on the upper part of the inserted lower slip anchor. Transmitting directional telemetry from the directional gyroscope with respect to the position of the lower slip anchor to a computer on the ground and recovering the inserted directional gyroscope. Coupling a profile generation system on at least one of the wellhead or a stack to avoid bursting and creating a communication link with the computer and connecting the computer to a two-axis servo drive. Inserting a hydraulic drill guide assembly via a pipe chain into a wellbore deck ring to the depth of the milling site and holding rotary centralizers on an outside diameter surface of the pipeline to the center of the pipe chain in the ring. The milling of the site via a jet of abrasive fluid from the hydraulic drill guide assembly is performed, where the computer implements a predefined shape or window profile at the grinding site by controlling vertical movement and horizontal movement through a 360 degree rotation angle of the hydraulic drill guide assembly. It is understood that both the general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the description, as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The appended figures, which are incorporated and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate modalities of the description and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the description. Figure 1 is a two-dimensional sectional view showing one embodiment of the programmable abrasive fluid jet cutting system of the present disclosure; Figure 2 is a two-dimensional sectional view illustrating a cat embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 is a three-dimensional sectional view of one embodiment of a hydraulic drilling guide of the present disclosure; Figures 4A and 4B are an illustration of a three-dimensional sectional view of a rotator of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the description, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the figures to refer to similar or equal parts (elements).

To help understand the advantages of this description the attached figures will be described with additional specificity and detail. The present disclosure relates generally to abrasive fluid jet cutting methods and apparatuses through a wellbore cover or similar structure. The method generally comprises the steps of placing a hydraulic drill guide and jet nozzle adjacent to a previously selected portion of a length of the cover in the ring, pumping fluid containing abrasives through the hydraulic drill guide and jet nozzle. fixed such that the fluid is jetted from there, moving the hydraulic drilling guide and the jet nozzle on a predetermined programmed vertical axis and 360 degree horizontal rotation axis. In one embodiment of the present description, the pattern (s) of horizontal and vertical movement is capable of being performed independently of each other or programmed and operated simultaneously. The jet of abrasive fluid therefrom is directed and coordinated such that the predetermined pattern is cut through the inner surface of the cover to form a window figure or profile (s), allowing access to the formation beyond the cover. A profile generation system simultaneously moves a hydraulic drilling guide on a vertical axis and 360 degree horizontal rotation axis to allow cutting of the roof, cement, and rock formation, in any shape or profile (s) of programmed window. A rolled pipe for supplying a stream of coherent high pressure abrasive fluid through a single tube and a jet nozzle to eject the abrasive fluid stream under high pressure from a hydraulic drilling guide is contemplated and taught by the present disclosure. The hydraulic drilling guidance device and means are programmable to simultaneously or independently provide vertical axis motion and 360 degree horizontal rotation axis under computer control. A computer having a memory and consequent operation with assistant software, stores templates of form or profile (s) of window for cutting and is also capable of accepting entries via a graphical user interface, thus providing a system to program a new form or window profile (s) based on the user's criteria. The computer memory may be one or more of but not limited to RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, a CD-ROM, floppy disk, DVD-R, CD-R disc or any other form of storage medium known in the art. In the alternative, the storage medium can be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium can reside in an ASIC or microchip. The computer of the present description controls the servo drive systems of profile generation as well as the percentage of abrasive mixture up to the total fluid volume and also controls the pressure and flow rates of a high pressure pump and pump drive.

The computer also controls the power and speed of the coiled tube unit and the coiled tubing injector head and simultaneous jack lifting and the directional rotation of the tubing in a ring. Telemetry is broadcast and transmitted after scanning the cutting of the window shape or profile (s) after the cover has been cut by a sensor or probe located in the vicinity of the head of the jet nozzle. In an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure the abrasive fluid jet method and apparatus is capable of cutting into the underlying structure, such as rock or sediment. In a further embodiment of the present disclosure the cutting apparatus can be directed to cut or disperse impediments found or embedded in the wellbore cover. Impediments such as measuring equipment, extraction tools, auger heads or parts of auger heads and various other equipment used in the industry and easily recognizable by a person skilled in the art, which are often embedded in well drilling and must be removed before work on the site can continue. In yet another embodiment multiple jet heads can be employed to form window profiles (s) or shapes in the cover of the underlying wellbore or substructure when the application requires it. This type of application, as appreciated by a person skilled in the art, can be used to disperse impediments in the well drilling or drilling deck. well in a desired location such that they can be extracted. Additionally, this embodiment can be used where a rock formation or other substructure is desired to be symmetrically or asymmetrically molded to assist in various associated tasks inherent to drilling or extraction processes. In still a further embodiment of the present disclosure the vertical axis of the cutting apparatus is capable of being manipulated out of the axis plane to assist in applications where the wellbore is not vertical, as in the case when directional drilling is employed. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the hydraulic drilling guide is attached to a chain of pipe and suspended at the wellhead and moved by the computer (Bill this is covered in the claims about not having to use the rolled pipeline to supply the high pressure since we build a drilling rig that also uses the pipe chain as the fluid pipe without coiled tubing unit) the central processing unit or servo driven units controlled with microchip (henceforth collectively called the computer). The software in communication with sub-programs of telemetry collection from the site directs the computer, which in turn communicates with and monitors the cutting apparatus below in the perforation and its accompanying components, and provides guidance and direction simultaneously or independently along the vertical axis and the axis horizontal (360-degree movement) of the pipe chain via servo driven units. The window shape or profile (s) that is desired is programmed by the operator in a controller logic program (PLC), or personal computer (PC), or a computer system designed for this specific use. The integrated software via a graphical user interface (GUI) accepts inputs from the operator and provides the working and environment parameters by means of which the computer directs and monitors the cutting apparatus. The rotational computer-controlled shaft servomotor, such as the Fanuc model D2100 / 150is servo, provides 360-degree horizontal rotational movement of the pipe chain using a pipe rotator such as the R &M Heavy Duty Power Systems model. RODEC RDII, or others, that have been modified to accept a mechanical connection for the drive servomotor. The pipe rotator supports and rotates the pipe chain up to 58.06 tons (128,000 pounds). Rotators with capacity for heavier tubing may be used if necessary as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The shaft of the vertical longitudinal axis computer controlled servomotor, such as Fanuc D2100 / 150is servo, provides vertical up and down movement of the pipe chain using a jack assembly attached to the top of the wellhead driven by the drive servomotor. The cat will preferably use ball thyme (s) for the ease of longitudinal movements of the vertical axis, although other methods can be used. The jack will typically be adapted for use with wellhead pressures of 703 kg / m2, although the present disclosure is not limited by any means to wellhead pressures below or above 703 kg / m2. The jack will typically have means for a counterbalance to compensate for the weight of the pipe chain to increase the life of the servomotor lifting screw (s) and other lifting devices such as the Joyce / Dayton screw jack (s) model WJT. 325 WJ3275. The servomotors simultaneously drive the pipe and jack rotator, providing vertical axis motion and horizontal 360-degree rotation axis of the pipe chain attached to the hydraulic drill guide down the bore. The cutting of the shape or profile (s) of the cover window is thus achieved by movement of the hydraulic drilling guide down the perforation and the launching of the abrasive fluid jet from the jet nozzle into and through the cover, cement, tools, equipment and / or formations. The abrasive jet fluid in one embodiment of the present disclosure is supplied by a pipe unit wound through a fluid tube to the hydraulic drill guide through the inner bore of the pipe chain, or the fluid jet abrasive can be pumped directly through the pipe chain, with the Jet nozzle being fixed at the outlet of the hydraulic drilling guide. The relative position of the jet nozzle of the abrasive fluid jet to the cover is not critical due to the coherent stream of the abrasive fluid jet. The angle of the jet nozzle is nominally disposed at approximately 90 degrees towards the interior surface of the borehole, impediment or formation to be cut, but it can be placed at various angles in the hydraulic drill guide to taper the inlet bore inside the cover and formation by the use of different angles where the jet nozzle leaves the hydraulic drill guide. Empirical tests have shown that using 703 kg / m2 and 0.7 mm nozzle orifice with 7.19 liters per minute (1.9 gallons per minute) of coherent abrasive fluid jet, it is sufficient to cut through a well drilling deck. steel and conductors with multiple cements in a reasonable period of time. In an alternative mode, empirical tests have shown that fluid pressure below 703 kg / m2 with variable orifice sizes and water flow rate will provide sufficient energy and abrasion to cut through the well drilling or formation deck, but with an additional cost of time to complete the project. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, variations in the size of the nozzle orifice or the abrasive component used in the fluid slurry of the cutting apparatus generally necessitate an increase or decrease in the speed of flow of the fluid slurry as well as an increase or decrease in the pressure required to be applied to the coherent abrasive fluid jet (slurry). Additionally, the time restrictions for the specific application will also affect the grout flow velocity, pressure and orifice size selected for the specific application carried out. An advantage of the present disclosure over the prior art is that the costs of cutting operation through the well drilling or forming deck will be relatively nominal compared to the total drilling costs. In addition, the present disclosure provides that additional operating costs of the cutting apparatus can be significantly compensated for by the decreased site and less staff time. The methods and systems described herein are not limited to specific sizes or shapes. Numerous objects and advantages of the description will be apparent when the following detailed description of the multiple embodiments of the apparatus and methods herein are illustrated in combination with the accompanying figures and examples, which illustrate such embodiments. In an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for cutting shapes or window profiles (s) programmable by the user through the cover down into the bore, cement, and rock formation using jet flow of abrasive fluid from a Jet nozzle includes a power line unit inserted into the ring. The unit of electrical line is operated on the upper side and is keyed to a lower slip anchor at a predetermined depth, which is a known distance below the depth of elevation of the bottom where the window shape or profile (s) is cut . The lower slip anchor is anchored to the well drilling deck and the power line is removed and an electric line operating the directional gyroscope is inserted into the ring. The directional gyroscope is seated on the lower sliding anchor shoe with keys on the top, so the direction of the upper key is known on the surface and this information is entered into the computer on the surface, which controls the directional reference of the lower sliding anchor footed with keys of the upper part as well as two servo shaft drives. The directional gyroscope is then removed from the ring and a profile generation system is secured over the wellhead or on top of a stack to avoid bursting. A conditioning equipment or drill rig is then used to attach a hydraulic drill guide to the end of a pipe chain, which is inserted into the hole drilling ring covered up to a point down the hole in the ring, where a user-programmable window shape or profile (s) is cut with abrasive fluid jet through the cover and cement, to expose rock formation. Rotary centralizers in the O.D. of the Pipe chain are used to keep the pipe chain centered on the ring when additional feeding of the hydraulic drill guide on the r slip anchor footed with keys is initiated if a specific rotational direction is required. The rotational direction of the hydraulic drilling guide is then established and the data is entered into the computer on the surface with respect to the known depth established by the placement of the hydraulic drill guide on the slip anchor shoe with keyways of the upper part. The pipe string is then sufficient to alair or other slips around the pipe chain in the pipe rotator to suspend and maintain the pipe chain. Thus, alng the window or shape profile generation system to be able to simultaneously move the vertical axis and the rotational axis horizontally 360 degrees of the pipe chain under the control of the computer program, then moving the hydraulic drilling guide out of the Bottom slip anchor shoe with top keys. The method for cutting shapes or window profiles (s) programmable by the user through the cover down into the perforation also includes inserting a fluid tube, which is fed from a coiled pipe unit and pipe injector head, within of the perforation of the pipe chain which is suspended by the rotator and jack of the profile generation system, thus the jet nozzle fixed to the end of the fluid tube is fed through the hydraulic drilling guide to face the interior surface of the cover. An operational cycle of the computer control unit is then started, which places the hydraulic drilling guide and the jet nozzle into the appropriate location to cut the user-programmable window shapes or profiles (s), the which in turn couples the high pressure pump and drives the programmable servo controller unit with two-axis computer on the surface to generate the user-programmable form or window profile (s) to cut through the cover or through of a plurality of metal covers of varying diameters stacked within each other and sealed together with cement injection. The computer also controls the coiled tubing unit and the feed rate of the pipe injector and the depth location of the jet nozzle attached to the end of the fluid tube. A co-ordinate measurement of the shapes or profile (s) of the cutting window is performed by scanning with a magnetic proximity switch on the hydraulic drilling guide that faces the inner surface of the ring. The cutting apparatus and its accompanying components are rotated and raised and red by the profile generation system under the control of the computer. The magnetic proximity switch detects the cover in place, or the cover that has been removed by the abrasive fluid jet, and activates a battery mounted to the sonic transmitter operated in the hydraulic drill guide, which transmits a signal to a receiver on the surface, which is coupled to the computer control unit containing the data of the shapes or profile (s) of Cover window originally programmed for comparison with the form programmed by the user. Figure 1 illustrates a well bore covered with a cover 1. The cover 1 is typically fixed with cement in the well bore by the cement joint 2, where the cement joint 2 is surrounded by a formation 3. A guide Hydraulic drilling 5 is illustrated in Figure 1 with a jet nozzle 4 attached to the end of the fluid tube 9. The hydraulic drilling guide 5 is illustrated with a threaded joint 33 fixed to a lower end of a drill chain or pipe string 6. The drill string or pipe 6 and the hydraulic drill guide 5 are lowered into the well cylinder 24 at or near a location where a window shape or profile (s) is cut by the tubular adapter boss 7 by the pipe rotator 8. Figure 1 further illustrates the hydraulic drill guide 5 in position with a fluid pipe 9 being fed into the perforation or pipe string 6 by a rolled pipe injector head (not shown) from a rolled pipe rail 13 through the hydraulic drilling guide 5. The fluid pipe 9 is changed from a vertical to horizontal orientation inside of the hydraulic drilling guide 5 such that the jet nozzle 4 is disposed in the vicinity towards the cover 1 to be cut. The reader should note that although the figures illustrate a well cover being cut, the work piece could very well be an impediment such as an extraction tool or other equipment housed in the cover. The form or window profile (s) is programmed on the computer 11 via a graphic user interface (GUI) and the high pressure pump 19 is turned on when the operator executes the program run (not shown) on the computer 11 The computer 11 is directed by sub-programs and parameters that are entered into the system by the user. Additionally, previous court sessions may be stored on the computer 11 via memory or on a computer readable medium and executed on several work sites where the attached conditions are such that a previous implementation establishment is applicable. The fluid 21 to be pumped is contained in the tank 22 and flows to a high pressure pump 19 through the pipe 20. The high pressure pump 19 increases the pressure and part of the fluid flowing from the high pressure pump 19 is diverted to the flow tube 18 and then into the fluid slurry control valve 17 and into an abrasive pressure vessel 16 containing the abrasive material 15. Typically a flow rate of 10% is directed via the flow tube 18 and the fluid slurry control valve 17 to the abrasive pressure vessel 16. The proportion of flow is able to be adjusted such that the abrasive will remain suspended in the fluid 21 used. In the examples of predictive cut-off times, the baseline flow was modulated to provide an abrasive concentration for fluid of 18%. The maintenance of an abrasive for the proportion of fluid concentration is an important element in the present description as well as the type of abrasive, such as sand, garnet, various silicas, scrap copper, synthetic materials or Corundum are employed. The volume of fluid directed towards the abrasive pressure vessel 16 is such that a fluid, frequently water, and abrasive slurry are maintained at a sufficient speed, such as 2.4 to 10 meters per second through the fluid tube 9, so that the The abrasive is maintained in suspension through the jet nozzle 4. A too low velocity will result in the abrasive falling out of the slurry mixture and agglomerating at some point, prior to the exit of the jet nozzle 4. This ultimately results in lower energy being supplied by the grout in the target site. In addition, too high a speed will result in deterioration effects similarly with respect to the energy being supplied by the slurry at the target site. As will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art, the application of the present description uses or supplies some of the employed equipment not operable in the cutting process. For example if the slurry mixture is not properly maintained or the abrasive material 15 is not of a uniform degree or elasticity to perform adequately, the Jet nozzle 4 and the jet nozzle orifice can be consumed at a faster rate than normal, ultimately resulting in additional reduced time, costs and expenses. The abrasive material 15, such as garnet sand or silica, is mixed with the fluid flow of the high pressure pump 19 in the mixing valve 14. The mixing valve 14 further includes a junction 36, which produces an effect of jet, thus creating a vacuum aid in the extraction of the mixture (slurry) of abrasive water. With the orientation described above the grout coming out of the jet nozzle 4 can achieve multiple supersonic speeds and be able to cut through virtually any structure or material. The coherent abrasive fluid jet then flows through the coiled tube spool 13 and down the fluid tube 9 and out of the jet nozzle 4 by cutting the cover 1 and the cement joint 2 and the formation 3. Although the figures and examples refer to cutting or making a shape or window profile in the well drilling deck, it should be understood by the reader that the present disclosure is not limited to this embodiment of the application, but is applicable and contemplated by the inventors to be used with respect to impediments and other structures described above. In an alternative embodiment an abrasive with the properties within or similar to the group family of silicate minerals such as garnet is used. Garnets are a family of the group of minerals of silicates with similar structures and a wide range of chemical compositions, and properties. The general chemical formula for garnet is AB (SiO), where A can be calcium, magnesium, ferrous iron or manganese; and B can be aluminum, chromium, ferric iron, or titanium. More specifically the garnet group of minerals shows crystals with a dodecahedron and trapezohedron habit in the shape of a diamond. These are nesosilicates with the same general formula, A3B2 (S¡O4) 3. The garnets show no division and a dodecahedron partition. The fracture is conchoidal until asymmetric; some varieties are very rough and are valuable for abrasive purposes. The hardness is approximately 6.5 - 9.0 Mohs; The specific gravity is approximately 3.1 - 4.3. Garnets tend to be inert and resist degradation and are excellent choices for an abrasive. Garnets can be obtained industrially quite easily in several grades. In the present description, the empirical tests carried out used a Garnet 80 grit with superior results achieved. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the abrasive material 15 is an important consideration in the cutting process and the application of the abrasive property with the upper apparatus and method of the present disclosure provides a substantial improvement over the prior art. The cutting time (see table A) of the abrasive fluid jet depends on the material and the thickness of the cut. The computer 11 it processes input data and telemetry and directs signals to the servomotor 10 and servomotor 12 to simultaneously move the pipe rotator 8 and the pipe jack 25 to cut the window shapes or profile (s) that have been programmed into the computer 11. Default power and speed subprograms are incorporated within the software to be executed by the computer 11 in the direction and operation of the cutting apparatus. Any excess fluid is discharged above the ring 24 through the obturator 23. The steel that is cut during the process of profiling or cutting falls under the hydraulic drilling guide 5 and can be captured in a basket (not shown) by hanging underneath or being recovered by a magnet (not shown) fixed to the bottom of the hydraulic drilling guide 5 if required. The pipe jack 25 is driven on the vertical axis by a worm gear 27, illustrated in Figure 2, which is driven by a servomotor (not shown) that drives a ball screw 28. The pipe jack 25 is fixed with bolts on the head of the well 37 in the projection 30. The pipe jack 25 is counterbalanced by the hydraulic fluid 29 which is under pressure from a hydraulic accumulator cylinder under high pressure 31. The rotator is fixed on top of the pipe jack 25 in the projection 26. The hydraulic drill guide 5, as illustrated in Figure 3, is typically made of grade 4140 steel or similarly with material elastic and heat treated to Rockwell standard 52. The hydraulic drilling guide 5 is connected to the pipe chain 6 with threads 33. The puncture guide 35, a part of the hydraulic drilling guide 5, is disposed within the chain of pipe 6 supporting the routing of the flow tube 9 within the hydraulic drilling guide 5. The jet nozzle 4 is coupled to the fluid pipe 9 and arranged such that it orients the surface face of the well bore deck and the coherent abrasive fluid jet leaves the jet nozzle 4 and cuts the cover 1. A battery operated sonic transmitter and magnetic proximity switch, not shown, are installed within the bore 34 of the hydraulic drill guide 5 to allow Exploration of abrasive fluid jet cuts through the cover 1. The telemetry is transmitted via a signal cable to the computer 11. The signal cable lization, not shown, may be of an armored or optical variety in nature, depending on the design restrictions employed. Table A illustrates anticipated cutting speeds, based on a pressure of 703 kg / m2 supplied to the jet nozzle 4 comprising an orifice of 0.5 mm or OJ mm. The nozzle 4 is made of heat treated stainless steel 416 or material with similar elasticity and has a carbide or sapphire hole such as a NLB Corp model SA designed for jetting abrasive fluids. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the picture is only illustrative of the description and is intended to provide the reader with a general knowledge of the anticipated cut-off times.

TABLE A Early Cut Speeds The present disclosure is by no means limited to the pressures and restrictions of the jet nozzle illustrated in Table A. The jet nozzle 4 and the orifice of the jet nozzle are capable of being made from a multitude of opposing materials and complementary, which are contemplated and taught by this application, which produce excellent results and substantial improvements over the prior art. In addition, a person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that each work site will present different and sometimes unique problems to be solved and that the examples in Table A they will necessarily change to meet the accompanying needs and restrictions. For the examples, the cover material to be cut is a variable, as well as the diameter of the cover. In one example the diameter of the cover should be 30.48 cm (12") and for another 10.16 cm (4"). Additionally, the depth of the cut or site formed will vary and if the anticipated pressure loss is 0.002 kg / cm (0.5lb / ft) the resulting pressure in the jet nozzle may be less than the examples in the table leading to the table. A. Based on these restrictions and many others, the desired cutting times, reachable cutting speed, size of the nozzle orifice, abrasive material in stock or selected, pressure to be supplied at the job site, as well as issues of Safety and the reduction of the equipment used are incorporated into the final calculations and programmed or entered into the computer 11. Additional empirical evidence has shown that in one embodiment of the present description the contemplated operational range is between approximately 351.5 and 2812 kg / m2 with a nominal working range of approximately 1223.22 kg / m2. Figures 4A and 4B illustrate a rotator cover vessel 8, such as RODEC RDII heavy duty R and M Power Systems, secured on top of the pipe jack 25. The pipe chain 6 is inserted through the protrusion of tubular adapter 7 (see FIGURE 4B), which is furthermore disposed on the upper part of the gear shaft 32. The gear shaft 32 is adapted to secure and suspend the pipe chain 6 within the ring 24. The 360-degree rotation movement of the The pipe chain 6 is accompanied by the gear shaft 32, which is driven by the servomotor 10. The present description can be represented in other specific forms without deviating from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described modalities are considered in all aspects only as illustrative and not restrictive. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made in the Method and Apparatus for Fluid Jet Cutting of the present disclosure and in the construction of this disclosure without departing from the scope or proposal of the disclosure. Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the description described herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplifying only, with true scope and true spirit of the description being indicated by the following claims.

Claims (60)

1. NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION CLAIMS 1. An apparatus for cutting window shape or profile (s) through the roof, cement and rock formation using abrasive fluid jet through a jet nozzle, the apparatus characterized in that it comprises: profile generation system which simultaneously directs the movements of a hydraulic drilling guide on a vertical axis and 360 degree horizontal rotation axis via servomotor drives to allow the cutting of at least one of a deck, cement or rock formation, in any shape or profile (is) of programmed window; coiled fluid tubing for supplying a jet of coherent high pressure abrasive fluid through a single tube; a jet nozzle for ejecting a jet of abrasive fluid under high pressure from a hydraulic drilling guide; a hydraulic drilling guidance unit, the hydraulic drilling guidance unit is coupled to the hydraulic drilling guide and is capable of manipulating the hydraulic drilling guide via simultaneous movements on a vertical axis and horizontal rotation of 360 degrees; and a computer controller, the computer controller capable of: storing form templates or window profile (s) to cut a window shape or profile (s) into at least one cover; accept user input to program the new form or window profile (s) based on the user's criteria; control profile generation servomotor drive systems; control a percentage of abrasive mixture up to the total fluid volume; control the pressure and flow ratios of the high pressure pump and impeller; control the power and speed of a coiled fluid pipe unit and a coiled pipe injector head, control the vertical and horizontal simultaneous directional movements of the coiled pipe, explore the cut of the shape or window profile (s) after that the roof, cement or rock formation has been cut. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further characterized in that the cover is metal. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further characterized in that the cover is made of composite material. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further characterized in that the diameter of the inner surface of the cover is (three inches) 7.62 centimeters or greater. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, further characterized in that the well is an oil well or a gas well. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, further characterized in that the coiled fluid line is inserted into an inner channel of a perforation or pipe chain. 7. - The apparatus according to claim 1, further characterized in that the coiled fluid tube changes from a vertical to horizontal orientation within the hydraulic drilling guide, to direct a high-speed, high-pressure abrasive fluid from a nozzle of jet that is fixed towards the end of the fluid tube. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, further characterized in that the hydraulic drilling guide has a battery operated sonic transmitter that is activated by a magnetic proximity switch in the hydraulic drilling guide. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, further characterized in that the jet of abrasive fluid is comprised of a fluid pumped under high pressure between a range of 351.5 kg / m2 to 2.812 kg / m2, through a fluid tube individually wound to the jet nozzle, where the fluid contains an abrasive material. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, further characterized in that the abrasive material is fed from a pressure vessel. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, further characterized in that the mixture of abrasive fluid is added after the high pressure pump. 12. The apparatus according to claim 1, further characterized in that the profile generation system further includes a 360 degree rotator, a jack and a system controlled by computer programmable by the user of two axes, servomotors and servo drives. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, further characterized in that a pipe chain is moved by the profile generation system. 14. The apparatus according to claim 12, further characterized in that an anti-balancer is used for balancing the weight of the pipe chain. 15. The apparatus according to claim 12, further characterized in that a pipe chain is suspended from the rotator and jack. 16. The apparatus according to claim 1, further characterized in that the abrasive material is one of garnet, sand, scrap copper, synthetic material or corundum. 17. The apparatus according to claim 12, further characterized in that a first servomotor operates the rotator and a second servomotor operates the jack. 18. The apparatus according to claim 12, further characterized in that the rotator, jack and servo drives and computer controller are on the ground. 19. The apparatus according to claim 12, further characterized in that centralizers are installed on the pipe towards the center of the pipe chain in a ring. 20. - The apparatus according to claim 12, further characterized in that the profile generating system is coupled directly on the wellhead or a stack to prevent bursting. 21. A method for cutting shapes or window profile (s) programmable by the user through the cover, cement, and rock formation down the perforation using abrasive fluid jet flowing from a jet nozzle, the method characterized because it comprises the steps of: inserting a power line unit and lower slip anchor ring an electrically operated driveway with keyways at the top into a ring at a predetermined depth below a bottom lift depth where a shape or profile (is) the window is to be cut and anchoring the lower sliding anchor to the cover; extract the power line unit; Insert into the ring a directional gyroscope operated with electric line, where the directional gyroscope is seated on the lower slip anchor and obtains directional references of the position of the lower slip anchor; and extracting the gyroscope from the ring and entering the directional references of the lower slip anchor into a computer control unit. 22. The additional method according to claim 21, further characterized by additionally comprising the steps of: connecting a profile generation system on a wellhead or a stack to avoid bursting and connecting the computer controller unit to the shaft of servo drives; insert a hydraulic drill guide and a chain of pipe inside the ring of the cover up to a level in the ring, where the form or profile (s) of programmable window by the user is cut with abrasive fluid jet through the cover and cement for rock formation; hold the rotation centralizers on an outside diameter of the pipe chain to keep the pipe chain centered on the ring; Feed the hydraulic drilling guide onto the lower slip anchor shod with top keys, if a specific rotational direction is required, such that the rotational direction of the hydraulic drilling guide and depth are established, and entering into the computer control unit the established rotational direction and depth of the hydraulic drilling guide; and elevate the pipe chain sufficiently to allow air and / or slipping around the pipe chain in the pipe rotator to suspend and hold the pipe chain, allowing the shape or profile generation system (s) window is able to simultaneously move the vertical axis and 360 degree horizontal rotation axis of the pipe chain under the control of the computer program, then remove the hydraulic drilling guide from the lower slide anchor. 23. The method according to claim 21, further characterized by further comprising the steps of: inserting a fluid tube, wherein the fluid tube is fed from a coiled tubing unit and tubing injector head, within the perforation of a pipe chain, where the pipe chain is suspended by a rotator and jack of the profile generation system, such that a jet nozzle attached to one end of the fluid pipe is fed through the drill guide hydraulic to be oriented to the interior surface of the roof; start an operational cycle of the computer control unit, where the computer control unit performs the steps of: placing a hydraulic drill guide and jet nozzle into an appropriate location to cut the shapes or profile (ie ) of windows programmable by the user; turn on the high pressure pump; driving a programmable two-axis computer servo controller unit to generate the user-programmable form or window profile cuts (s) through the cover or through a plurality of metal covers; control the rolled tube unit and a pipe injector feed speed and the location depth of the jet nozzle attached to the end of the fluid pipe. 24. The method according to claim 22, further characterized by additionally comprising the steps of: measuring the coordinates of the shapes or profile (s) of the cutting window, scanning with a magnetic proximity switch arranged on the hydraulic drilling guide such that this is oriented to the inner surface of the ring, when the hydraulic drilling guide is manipulated vertically and horizontally by the profile generation system; and detect the cover in place or the absence of the cover by a proximity switch magnetic, which then activates a battery operated sonic transmitter in the hydraulic drilling guide, where the sonic generator transmits a signal to a receiver on the surface coupled to the control unit of the computer for comparison to the shape or profile ( is) of window programmed by the user. 25. An apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation, the apparatus characterized in that it comprises: a fluid jet nozzle; a high pressure pump, wherein the high pressure pump is capable of supplying a mixture of high pressure abrasive fluid to the fluid jet nozzle; an abrasive fluid mixing unit, wherein the abrasive fluid mixing unit is capable of maintaining a coherent abrasive fluid mixture; a flexible pipe for supplying the abrasive mixture of coherent high-pressure fluid jet towards the fluid nozzle; a hydraulic drilling guide with fluid jet nozzle, wherein the hydraulic drilling guide is adapted to receive the fluid jet nozzle and the flexible pipe and direct the abrasive mixture of coherent high pressure fluid jet towards a piece of job; a flexible pipeline controller unit, wherein the controller unit additionally includes at least one servomotor to manipulate the flexible pipe in a vertical and horizontal direction; a hydraulic drilling guide controller unit, wherein the hydraulic drilling guide controller unit additionally includes at least one servomotor to manipulate the hydraulic drilling guide as length of a vertical and horizontal axis; and a central processing unit, wherein the central processing unit includes: a memory unit, wherein the memory unit is capable of storing profile generation data to cut a predefined window shape or profile on the workpiece; software, wherein the software is capable of directing the central processing unit to perform the steps of: controlling the hydraulic drilling guide control unit to manipulate the hydraulic drilling guide along the vertical and horizontal axis to cut a shape or predefined window profile on the work piece; controlling the flexible pipe control unit to manipulate the feed rate and the vertical and horizontal axial movement of the flexible pipe to cut a predefined shape or window profile on the workpiece; control the percentage of the abrasive fluid mixture up to the total fluid volume; and control the pressure and flow rates of the high pressure pump. 26.- The apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 25, further characterized in that the hydraulic drilling guide is manipulated on a vertical axis and a radius of 360 degrees of the horizontal axis. 27. The apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 26, further characterized in that the abrasive material is comprised of at least one Garnet, sand, scrap copper, a synthetic material or Corundum. 28. - The device for cutting with fluid jet down in the perforation according to claim 27, further characterized in that the flexible fluid tube changes from a vertical orientation to a horizontal when it is arranged inside the hydraulic drilling guide. 29. The apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 28, further characterized in that the jet nozzle is disposed approximately perpendicularly with the workpiece when it is disposed within the hydraulic drilling guide. 30. The device for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 29, further characterized in that a sonic transmitter is arranged within the hydraulic drilling guide and when activated by a magnetic proximity switch transmits telemetry towards the central processing unit. 31.- The device for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 30, further characterized in that the coherent high pressure fluid jet mixture operates in a pressure range between 351.5 and 2812 kg / m2. 32. The device for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 31, further characterized in that the percentage of the mixture of abrasive fluid up to the total fluid volume is in a range between 2% and 30%. 33. - The device for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 32, further characterized in that the abrasive material is fed from a pressure vessel. 34. The apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 33, further characterized in that the mixture of abrasive fluid is introduced into the system after the high pressure pump. 35.- The apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 26, further characterized in that the abrasive material comprises at least one of Garnet, sand, scrap copper, a synthetic material or Corundum. 36.- The apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 35, further characterized in that the percentage of mixing of abrasive fluid up to the total fluid volume is in the range between 2% and 30%. 37.- The apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 25, further characterized in that the abrasive material comprises at least one of Garnet, sand, scrap copper, a synthetic material or Corundum. 38.- The apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 37, further characterized in that the abrasive material comprises at least one of Garnet, sand, scrap copper, a synthetic material or Corundum. 39. - The device for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 25, further characterized in that the flexible fluid tube changes from a vertical orientation to a horizontal when it is arranged within the hydraulic drilling guide. 40.- The apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down in the perforation according to claim 39, further characterized in that the jet nozzle is disposed approximately perpendicularly with the workpiece when it is disposed within the hydraulic drilling guide. 41.- The device for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 40, further characterized in that the percentage of mixing of abrasive fluid up to the total fluid volume is in a range between 2% and 30%. 42.- The apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 41, further characterized in that the abrasive material comprises at least one of Garnet, sand, scrap copper, a synthetic material or Corundum. 43.- The device for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 25, further characterized in that the jet nozzle is arranged approximately perpendicularly with the workpiece when it is disposed within the hydraulic drilling guide. 44. - The apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 43, further characterized in that the percentage of mixing of abrasive fluid up to the total fluid volume is in a range between 2% and 30%. 45.- The apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 44, further characterized in that the abrasive material comprises at least one Garnet, sand, scrap copper, a synthetic material or Corundum. 46.- The apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 44, further characterized in that the coherent high-pressure fluid jet mixture operates in a pressure range between 351.5 and 2812 kg / m2. 47.- The device for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 25, further characterized in that a sonic transmitter is arranged inside the hydraulic drilling guide and when activated by a magnetic proximity switch transmits telemetry towards the central processing unit. 48. The apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 25, further characterized in that the coherent high-pressure fluid jet mixture operates in a pressure range between 351.5 and 2812 kg / m2. 49.- The apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 25, further characterized because the mixing percentage of abrasive fluid up to the total fluid volume is in a range between 2% and 30%. 50.- The device for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 25, further characterized in that the abrasive material is fed from a pressure vessel. 51.- The apparatus for cutting with fluid jet down the perforation according to claim 50, further characterized in that the mixture of abrasive fluid is introduced into the system in the high pressure pump. 52. A method for computer-assisted grinding of a well drilling structure, the method characterized in that it comprises the steps of: establishing a lower slip anchor within a well bore at a predetermined depth below a grinding site; inserting a directional gyroscope into the drill channel, where the directional gyroscope is placed such that it rests on the upper part of the inserted lower slip anchor; transmit directional telemetry from the directional gyroscope with respect to the position of the lower slip anchor to a computer on the ground and recover the inserted directional gyroscope; attach a profile generation system on at least one of the wellbore wellbore hole or a stack to avoid bursting and create a communication link with the computer; connect the computer to two axes of drive servomechanisms; insert a guide assembly hydraulic drilling via a pipe chain within a well drilling deck ring to the depth of the milling site; fixing rotary centralizers on an outside diameter surface of the pipe chain to center the pipe chain on the ring; and milling the site via a jet of abrasive fluid from the hydraulic drill guide assembly, wherein the computer implements a predefined window shape or profile at the milling site by controlling vertical movement and horizontal movement through an angle of 360 degree rotation of the hydraulic drill guide assembly. 53.- The method for computer-assisted grinding of a well drilling structure in accordance with the claim 52, further characterized in that it additionally includes the steps of adjusting the hydraulic drill guide assembly to compensate for rotational direction requirements and transmit changes in telemetry to the computer. 54.- The method for computer-assisted grinding of a well drilling structure in accordance with the claim53, further characterized in that it further includes the step of deploying the pipe string such that the pneumatic chucks are released. (Bill, I'm just speculating here). The method for computer-assisted grinding of a well drilling structure according to claim 53, further characterized in that it additionally includes the steps of: fixing the clamping wedges around the pipe chain such that a pipe rotator is able to support and assist the positioning of the pipe chain when the predefined window shape or profile is ground. 56.- The method for computer-assisted grinding of a well drilling structure in accordance with the claim 52, further characterized in that it further includes the scanning step of the predefined grinding window shape or profile to provide coordinate measurement of the predefined window shape or profile. 57.- The method for computer-assisted grinding of a well drilling structure in accordance with the claim 53, further characterized in that the scanning of the predefined window shape or profile is performed by a magnetic proximity switch disposed on the hydraulic drill guide assembly. 58.- The method for computer-assisted grinding of a well drilling structure in accordance with the claim 57, further characterized in that it further includes the step of transmitting telemetry to the computer via a sonic generator activated by the magnetic proximity switch. 59.- The method for computer-assisted grinding of a well drilling structure in accordance with the claim 58, further characterized by additionally including the step of comparing the shape or profile of the predefined window with the shape or profile of the milled window scanned. The method for computer-assisted grinding of a well drilling structure according to claim 52, further characterized in that the hydraulic drilling guide assembly further comprises: a jet nozzle, wherein the jet nozzle is disposed within the hydraulic drilling guide assembly and positioned such that the jet nozzle is substantially perpendicular to the well drilling cover; a flexible pipe, wherein the flexible pipe is coupled to the jet nozzle and inserted into the ring together with the pipe string and wherein the flexible pipe provides an abrasive fluid mixture used in the high pressure milling of the milling site.