ELEVATOR BOX AND METHOD FOR INSTALLING AN ELEVATOR BOX
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The objects of the invention are an elevator cabin with a cabin platform which comprises several platform sections, and a method for installing said elevator cabin. A cabin platform forms the basic support structure of an elevator car. It must be designed with sufficient rigidity to withstand the static and dynamic stresses imposed by the cargo in the cabin and by other cabin components. The floor area of the cabin is related in a certain way to the load in the cabin for which the cabin is designed. From DE 31 34 764 a platform for an elevator car is known which comprises at least two platform sections which are made of relatively thin steel sheets. The two platform sections are placed close to one another along the length of the elevator car and are clamped together by welding. To ensure the necessary rigidity of the cabin platform, that is, to sufficiently reinforce the platform sections which are cantilevered in the front part and
rear of the same, and are subjected to bending stresses by the load on a cabin platform, their front or rear ends are connected by connecting rods to vertical posts of a car frame. The advantages of this method of construction are the ease of manufacture and a reduction in weight compared with cab platforms made of laminated sections. A cab platform manufactured in accordance with the approach of DE 31 34 764 has certain disadvantages. Firstly, the connecting rod connections published between the vertical posts of the car frame and the front end and the rear end of the platform sections which are necessary to reinforce the cabin platform are complicated to manufacture, require more time of installation and increase the number of elevator components required. Secondly, the elevator cabins of many modern elevators are built self-sustaining, that is, they no longer need a cab frame to which the ends of the platform sections must be fastened. The purpose of the present invention is first of all to create an elevator cabin with a cabin platform comprising several platform sections which do not require reinforcement of the platform sections.
by means of poles connected to another part of the cabin, but which nevertheless can be manufactured with sufficient rigidity and in a lightweight manner from relatively thin metal sheets. The second purpose is to define an efficient and material saving method for the installation of an elevator car according to the invention with a cabin platform comprising several platform sections. In an elevator car according to the invention with a car platform comprising several platform sections, the aforementioned purpose is satisfied to the extent that the upper surface of the car platform, the platform edge sections they are mounted which extend over, and are fastened to, the upper surfaces of all the platform sections. An elevator car according to the invention has the advantages that the platform sections of its cabin platform can be manufactured in an extremely light weight manner and with simple shapes from relatively thin metal sheets, since the sections of platform edge ensure rigidity of the cabin platform along the length of the cabin which is necessary for the operation of the elevator. At the same time, the sections
of platform edge meet the function of fasteners which hold the cab platform to the side walls of the elevator car. By doing this, in the normal case they form a visible transition element and therefore of aesthetic satisfaction between the floor of the cabin and the side walls. The second purpose mentioned above is satisfied by a method for installing a cabin platform comprising several platform sections which the installation of the cabin platform is carried out in the following stages: - the various platform sections separated from the platform of cabin and two edge sections of platforms are made ready at the factory; - Unassembled platform sections are supplied together with the platform edge sections to the elevator installation site; - in the assembly at the elevator installation site, the platform sections of the cabin platform, which are supplied separated from each other and the platform edge sections are joined by means of fasteners inside the cabin platform , the platform sections are aligned with each other and reinforced with the help of the platform edge sections.
It is understood that an operation "in the factory" means an operation which is carried out under conditions similar to a factory before the transport of the elevator and before its assembly at the installation site, ie, for example, in a building suitable and using auxiliaries and suitable equipment especially. The advantages derive from the method according to the invention for installing an elevator car first, in that, by using rigid platform edge sections, the cabin platform comprises several platform sections and in this way is reinforced that the platform sections can be manufactured with a low weight and from relatively thin metal sheets. The transport of the cabin platform to the installation site, and the fact of moving it to its installation position, for example in the elevator shaft of a building elevator, is thus greatly facilitated. Secondly, when the lift is assembled at the installation site, the lightweight platform sections can be joined together on a cabin platform without great effort, since the platform sections are precisely aligned with each other practically by themselves in accordance with the effect of the sections of the platform edge. Advantageous modalities and developments
Further embodiments of the invention are described below. It is suitable for the platform edge sections (8; 28) that are mounted in the area of the two side edges of the cab platform (1; 21) which are opposite each other, so that the available usable area of The elevator cabin is not limited by its presence. The optimal conditions with respect to rigidity and weight of the cabin platform result when the cross section and the material of the platform edge sections are selected such that the latter, without the aid of other components, can absorb the stresses of the platform. bent to which it exerts the load on the cabin in the platform sections projecting from a central platform section and thus undergo flexing of less than 1% of the length of the platform sections. It is preferable that these properties of the platform edge sections are obtained by having been made of steel or an aluminum alloy and having a cross section which, in relation to its horizontal gravity axis has a geometric moment of inertia of 50 cm4 or a total height of at least 6 cm. According to a preferred modality
especially of the invention, the platform edge sections which serve as reinforcement elements also form connecting elements by which the side walls in the cab of an elevator can be attached to the cabin platform. By means of this solution a rigid connection is generated between the side walls of the elevator car and the cabin platform, the combination of this function of the platform edge sections with their functions as reinforcement elements results in a considerable simplification of the construction of the cabin platform and thus in substantial cost savings. According to a further preferred embodiment of the elevator car according to the invention, a front and a rear platform section is distributed over a central platform section. Thanks to this concept, the platform sections can have different lengths and also different shapes in order to satisfy or simplify the elaboration of different functions which are present in an elevator car. Important advantages derive from an embodiment of the invention in which the platform sections of the cabin platform have fastening points distributed in parallel vertical planes in which
these platform sections are additionally joined together with fasteners, preferably with screw fasteners. In this embodiment, the platform sections are aligned one in relation to the other, by themselves, according to the moment in which the fastening elements are tightened, especially if the platform edge sections are connected to the sections of platform at the same time. Furthermore, with this distribution of the clamping points, the clamping elements are subjected to tension at the vertical clamping points if the clamping elements between the platform sections and the platform edge sections are subjected to shear, and vice versa, as a result of which the possible movement of the platform sections relative to one another under a load is reliably avoided. The surprising flexibility with respect to the development of cab platforms according to the invention is obtained by enabling the front or rear platform section to be executed as a one-part platform section or comprising several subsections. A particularly inexpensive mode of a cabin platform according to the invention results if the platform sections or the subsections of the
Platform sections are manufactured as metal sections folded into a U-shape, each of which comprises a single piece of sheet metal. According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the platform sections of the cabin platform are held together by means of fastening elements at fastening points distributed in parallel vertical planes. This has the advantage that the platform sections are aligned relative to each other by themselves according to the moment when the fastening elements are tightened. Furthermore, with this distribution of the fastening points, at the vertical fastening points the fastening elements are subjected to tension when the fastening elements between the platform sections and the platform edge sections are subjected to shear and vice versa. By this means, the possible movement of the platform sections in relation to one another under load is reliably avoided. According to a further advantageous development of the method according to the invention, the assembly of the cabin platform at the elevator installation site comprises the following steps: - the platform sections are aligned along the length of the cabin of elevator so that
their respective corresponding vertical fastening points are opposite each other; - the platform edge sections are laid on the upper surface of all the platform sections and are loosely fastened to the platform sections by means of fastening elements; the fastening elements are passed through openings in the area of the vertical fastening points and, with the help of the fastening elements and without tension, the platform sections are laid against each other in the area of the fastening points. vertical support; - the clamping elements are alternately tightened more and more in the platform edge sections and in the vertical clamping point, the platform sections in this way are aligned accordingly, by themselves. As already described above, thanks to the combined fastening to the platform edge sections and the vertical attachment points, when the platform sections are tightened, they align themselves in an ideal way by themselves, in accordance a if the fastening elements in the fastening points involved are tightened more and more, alternatively. Below are two modalities
examples of the invention which are explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following is shown: Figure 1, a drawing in exploded view of a first embodiment of the cabin platform of an elevator car, according to the invention; Figure 2 is a side view of the cabin platform shown in exploded view in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a side view of a second embodiment of the cab platform of an elevator car, according to the invention; Figure 4 is a view of a cabin platform, according to Figure 3 along its length and a cross section through the cabin platform. Figure 1 shows in the form of an exploded view drawing the structure with all the significant constituent parts of a first embodiment of the cabin platform 1 of an elevator car, according to the invention. Figure 2 shows in a side view the cabin platform 1 according to figure 1 in an assembled state. The cabin platform 1 comprises several platform sections 2, 3, 4 which are elaborated from
a sheet of steel and steel plates, a platform section 3, 4 front and one rear, are respectively placed on a central platform section 2. Fixed on the upper surface of the platform sections, which are in a common plane, is a cabin floor plate which preferably runs as a laminated plate. Suitably, a cabin floor plate is preferably in interposed aluminum or plastic honeycomb boards or wood fiber boards with metal laminates on both sides. The central platform section 2 takes the form of a safety table of the elevator car which is constructed inside the cabin platform. It provides an elevator cabin with the required rigidity, space is saved which in normal elevator cabins is occupied by a safety table present under, and not built into the cabin platform. The central platform section 2 forming a safety table has, for example, fastening points 2.5, 2.6 for cabin guide shoes or safety gear. Safety dampers can also be attached to this safety table. In addition, built into the central platform section 2 forming the safety table are pulleys 11 of suspension and return on the
which a flexible suspension means supports and moves the elevator car. In the present case, the suspension and return pulleys 11 have grooves and ribs that run in the direction of the circumference which acts together with the grooves and grooves of V-grooved bands that serve as a means of suspension. In the central platform section 2 that forms the security table, it is also possible for a security space protection device 12 that is interconstructed. By laterally extending a rod 12.1 bolted connection which acts together with a fixed stop in the elevator shaft of the elevator this ensures that, for example, in an inspection trip can not exceed a safety distance between the roof of the cabin and the top of the elevator shaft or between the floor of the cab and the floor of the lift shaft. The entire platform sections 2, 3, 4 each comprise at least two longitudinal supports 2.2, 3.2, and 4.2 and at least one support 2.3, 3.3. and 4.3 laterals. The side support 2.3 is part of the central platform section 2 which forms a safety table of the elevator car that is built into the cabin platform 1. The lateral support 3.3 serves as a support for a door stringer section 7 (shown only in Figure 2) as well as the supports
13 of the sliding shield and an upper part of the side support 4.3 is constructed in this manner so that the rear wall of the cabin (not shown) can be clamped therefrom. The platform sections 2, 3 and 4 have fastening points 2.1, 3.1 and 4.1 that are parallel in the vertical planes, in each of which two of the platform sections are held together by means of fastening elements 10. It is preferable that they are used for downloadable fasteners, such as screw fasteners. The fastening of the platform sections in the area of said vertical planes, however, can also be carried out with other fastening elements such as, for example, rivets or clamping elements which can be placed under pressure. In this fastening concept, when the cabin platform is assembled at the elevator installation site, the respective platform sections to be joined first are generally aligned with each other. Then, with the help of the fastening elements, they are placed against each other in the area of the vertical fastening points, as a result of which the platform sections align themselves to each other by themselves, in. agreement. Mutual alignment helps
by the simultaneous assembly of the platform edge sections, which is described in the following. Marked with the reference number 8 are two platform edge sections, which, when assembled in the elevator installation site, are attached to platform sections 2, 3 and 4 in clamping points 2.4, 3.4 and 4.4 of the latter, and extend in the area of both lateral edges of the cabin platform 1 on the upper surfaces of all the platform sections which are flanked together. The attachment points on the platform sections are distributed so that, in the assembled state of the cabin platform 1, they are in a common horizontal plane. For fastening between the platform edge sections 8 and the platform sections 2, 3 and 4, it is preferable that downloadable fasteners are used, for example screw fasteners. However, the fastening can also be carried out with other fastening elements, for example with rivets or with positive coupling fasteners. A positive coupling connection between the platform edge sections 8 and the platform sections 2, 3 and 4 can be obtained, for example, by press fasteners. The platform edge sections 8 have a
size such that they can make a substantial contribution to the rigidity of the entire platform 1 of the cabin. It is advantageous that their material and cross-section are not selected which, together and without another component being involved, can absorb the bending stresses with which the load exerts on the cabin, in the platform sections 3, 4 extending from the section of central platform 2 and in this way experience bending less than 1% of the length of the respective platform sections. It is preferable that this property of the platform edge sections is obtained by these being made of steel or an aluminum alloy and having a cross section, which, in relation to its axis of horizontal gravity, has a moment of inertia geometry of at least 50 cm4 or a general height of at least 6 cm. The platform edge sections 8 serve primarily to reinforce the entire cabin platform 1 so that the rigidity requirements of the platform sections 2, 3 and 4 can be correspondingly reduced. They can be manufactured with a lower weight. In the present case, platform sections 3 and 4 are made only of steel sheet with a maximum thickness of 2.5 mm. Second, the platform edge sections 8 serve to
connecting the side walls (not shown) of the car to the car platform 1 and in this way form a visible and aesthetically pleasing transition element between the floor of the car and the side walls of the car. During assembly at the elevator installation site, the platform edge sections 8 also serve, with the help of the fastening elements 14 placed therebetween and the platform sections, to align the upper surfaces of the platform sections 2. , 3 or 4 which are flanked with each other, precisely and in the same plane with each other. In or on the front part or the rear parts of the platform sections 3, 4, components of the cabin such as, for example, a door stringer section 7, a mounting 13 for a sliding shield under the section 7 of door rail, a mounting element 4.3.1 for the rear wall of the cabin, end switches, terminal boxes for electrical systems, lighting lamps for the elevator shaft, and so on. In this way, the front or rear platform sections 3, 4 can satisfy these functions, and since they have different corresponding shapes. The components and subsystems mentioned above
(Cab guide shoes, safety gear, safety shock absorbers, suspension and return pulleys, safety space securing device, sliding shield, end switches, terminal boxes, etc.) which are built in or in on top of one of the platform sections 2, 3 and 4 are preferably mounted in advance, and preferably are wired at the factory so that they maintain the distribution for assembly at the elevator installation site as low as possible and optimize the Assembly quality. A cab platform according to the invention constructed of several platform sections provides ideal conditions for this assembly concept since, first, the individual platform sections that are to be transported and placed in position for assembly are manipulated from relatively easy way they are even interconstructed subsystems, and secondly, the still separated platform sections can be packed better so that the components and subsystems are sufficiently protected. The longitudinal supports 3.2 and 4.2 which define the lengths L3, L4 of the respective platform sections 3, 4 and the lateral supports 2.3, 3.3 and 4.3 which define the width B of the sections
platform 2, 3 and 4 are manufaed independent of each other and are kept in storage, the lengths L3 and L4, as well as the width B of the platform sections 2, 3 and 4 corresponding to a concept of modular dimension, are selectable . The pre-assembly in the factory of the platform sections is carried out only on a basis in a specific order with cabin dimensions defined by combining longitudinal and lateral supports with corresponding dimensions. With this concept of manufaing and storage, the costs of production and storage of the cabin platforms can be kept extremely low and at the same time an optimum supply capacity remains assured. Figure 3 shows a side view of a second embodiment of a cab platform 21 of an elevator car, according to the invention. Figure 4 shows a view of this cabin platform 21 in its longitudinal direction A and a cross section through the cabin platform at the limit indicated by II-II in figure 3. This mode of a cabin platform 21, according to the invention, it also comprises several platform sections 22, 23 and 24, a front platform section 23, 24 and a rear section, respectively, which are distributed on a platform section 22.
central. The front and rear platform sections 23 and 24 are preferably constructed of several subsections 23a, 23b, 24a and 24b. The subsections 23a, 23b, 24a and 24b of the front and rear platform sections 23 and 24 are produced essentially from metal sections folded into a U-shape and in each case are produced by parallel folding from a single piece of metal sheet . The vertically distributed ribs of the U-shaped metal sections act not only as lateral reinforcements of the cabin platform but also form fastening points 22.1, 23.1, 24.1 distributed in vertical planes in which the subsections are joined together by means of fastening elements 30 and which also serve as connection points between the central platform section 22 and the front and rear platform sections 23 and 24, respectively. The short front and rear platform sections may also consist of only a unique U-shaped bent metal section. As in the first embodiment, the central platform section 22 is executed as a security table constructed within the cabin platform 21 and made only of steel sheet. This platform section 22 also has fastening points for shoes
of cabin guide and safety gear as well as the safety table shown in figure 1. These fastening points are not shown here, however, so that they are not removed from the illustration of a particularly simple strue of the platform sections. The front and rear platform sections 23 and 24 can be differently so as to satisfy different functions and requirements, or to allow different positions of the central platform section. For example, they can be shaped (bent) so that they can accept a door stringer section 27 or the like so that a fastening element 24b.1 for fixing the rear wall of the car is built into the metal sheet body. The different dimensions of the cabin platform 21 can be carried out by modifying the lengths L23, L24 of the platform sections 23, 24 or their subsections 23a, 23b, 24a and 24b which are flanked towards the central platform section 22 (security table). Different widths B are obtained by using different widths of steel sheets for the preparation of the platform sections 22, 23 and 24 as well as 22, 23a, 23b, 24a and 24b, respectively. All subsystems and components mentioned
in relation to the first embodiment, they can also be built in or on top of the platform sections 22, 23 or 24 of this cabin platform 21, by constructing the subsystems inside or on top of the platform sections, which are separated from each other, carried out as a pre-assembly in the factory. As mentioned in the above, in this embodiment, the platform sections 23, 24 or their subsections 23a, 23b, 24a and 24b flanked to the central platform section 22 are made, each one of a single piece of metal sheet whose shape in U-shape it is produced by simple parallel bending. All the platform sections and subsections have vertically oriented ribs which run perpendicular to the cab platform 21 and provide sufficient rigidity to the cab platform in the perpendicular direction. So that it is able to additionally fix the free lower ends of the vertical ribs, these can be joined together by means, for example, of an auxiliary section 31. The assembly of this auxiliary section 31 is only carried out at the elevator installation site. As is readily apparent from Figure 3, the platform sections which are
constructed from sections made of a relatively thin metal sheet bent transversely, they do not offer sufficient bending stiffness for a car deck in its longitudinal direction. Therefore, in the embodiment of a cabin platform 21 described here, the rigidity in the longitudinal direction necessary for the operation of the elevator is ensured by mounting at the installation site in the area of the two opposite lateral edges of the platform 21 of the cabin, two rigid platform edge sections 28 with which the upper surfaces, which lie in a common plane, of all platform sections 22, 23 and 24 are connected. In this embodiment as well, the platform edge sections 28 additionally serve as a fastener between the side walls of the cab (not shown) and the cab platform 21. So that it is possible to fasten the platform edge sections 28 which here have a rectangular cross section, to both the platform sections 22, 23 and 24 and the side walls, the platform edge sections 28 are provided as along its entire length with several T-shaped grooves 32. When the cab platform 21 is assembled at the installation site, the screw heads or nuts are suitably inserted inside.
of the T-shaped grooves 32 and is screwed to the platform sections and to the side walls. With the exception that in the second embodiment the platform sections do not have lateral supports and from here said lateral supports do not need to manufacture separately and keep in storage, all the properties and advantages of the cabin platform associated with the first embodiment, as well as the features and advantages of the method of installing an elevator also apply to the second embodiment described herein.