MX2007001144A - Concrete truss. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a concrete structural framework comprising a combination of reinforced steel, including pre-stressed and post-tensioned, with high performance concrete (HPC), for use in construction and other industries. The framework provides a highly fire resistant structure that is also resistant to the forces of nature and maintains a high level of structural integrity. The members of the concrete truss are joined or otherwise secured together by monolithic means, welded with plates, riveted, screwed, or the like, in a triangular weblike configuration which provides the ultimate support against forces of compression and tension.

Description

Concrete Armor Description The present invention has as its title or denomination "Concrete Truss", and the translation into Spanish is "Concrete Armor".

This is a patent application for Mexico and is related to the content and priority claims of the patent application in the US with serial number 11/343571, filed on January 30, 2006, which was published on December 7. 2006 with publication number 20060272267 in http://www.uspto.gov, your data is incorporated for your reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention refers in general to the field of manufacture and to the use of Concrete Reinforcement that has a longer period of fire resistance and therefore high structural capacity. The present invention also relates to the methods and apparatuses for its manufacture within the field of construction, architecture, engineering, the prefabricated, prestressed and post-tensioned industry. The examples presented are shown for purposes of illustration and not limitation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (BACKGROUND) There are currently reinforced concrete beams (joists), (made on site, prefabricated, prestressed and / or post-tensioned) of several different sections, including I-beams (AASHTO), T-beams, TT double beams, TY beams, box beams, tubular beams, variable section beams, section beams with holes, and extruded slab (alveolar plate based system) among others, manufactured by various companies and commercially available. However, none considers the Concrete Armor, which has a better structural behavior due to the disposition of each of its elements. With a smaller amount of steel and smaller amount of concrete, one can obtain the same load capacity and even reach a higher resistance, (that is, a larger load capacity due to the arrangement of its elements), depending on the design and particularly of the concrete frame cant.

If the currently available reinforced concrete beams manufactured of constant section were compared with the Concrete Reinforcement under the same loads, the result would be that currently available beams would require considerably more steel and concrete volume, would also increase the cost and time of production.

Other types of beams that currently exist are reinforcements constructed and designed only of steel or wood. The disadvantages of these materials is that they are not fire resistant, have a very high maintenance cost, and are less durable, compared to the Concrete Armor. For the structural design of each piece that is an integral part of the Concrete Armor, the structural principles currently used for concrete and steel are followed in an enunciative and non-limiting manner.

While there has been a tendency to produce more efficient and more effective beams, other improvements as regards fire resistance, efficiency and lower costs are desirable, the present invention addresses and solves the existing problems and provides the related benefits.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention includes the following objects: First.- Develop a Concrete Armor with high resistance to fire.

Second.- To develop a Concrete Armor with more load capacity and lighter than the current prefabricated concrete beams, to achieve greater structural safety.

Third.- Develop a Concrete Armor formed with a series of straight pieces that are arranged and joined together by several means, including: monolithic joints, by means of welded, riveted or bolted plates so that the external loads applied in the joints produce stress directly in said pieces and this can be used in a variety of constructions, including the foundation of any construction.

Fourth -Develop a Concrete Armor that allows to achieve a better structural behavior based on the arrangement of its elements.

Fifth. - Develop a Concrete Armor that provides space within the same section to put all kinds of facilities.

Sixth. -Develop the devices and methods to efficiently manufacture the Concrete Armor, as well as to transport, place, vibrate, perform the final finish, and cure the concrete to build it.

Seventh.- Develop the apparatus and methods to efficiently fabricate, cut, bend, join, overlap, enable, prestress and / or post-tension the steel necessary to construct the Concrete Armor.

Eighth -Develop the apparatuses and methods to efficiently manufacture a Concrete Reinforcement that includes a system for the protection against corrosion of the steel inside the reinforcement concrete, as well as in the prestressing and / or post-tensioning of the concrete.

Nineth. -Develop devices and methods to efficiently manufacture a Concrete Armor that includes systems to know the structural performance of each of the pieces that form the Concrete Armor during its useful life.

Tenth.- To develop the apparatuses and the methods to efficiently manufacture a Concrete Armor, with which it can be prestressed, each one or as a whole the elements that make up the Concrete Armor, or only the necessary pieces according to the design and calculations structural Eleventh.- Develop the equipment and methods to efficiently manufacture a Concrete Armor, with which each or all of the elements that make up the Concrete Armor can be post-tensioned, or only the necessary parts according to the design and calculation structural.

Twelfth.- To develop the apparatuses and methods with which this can be manufactured, including the mold for the production of a Concrete Armor of a certain size and section and the molds to manufacture each one of the elements separately.

Thirteenth.- To develop the devices and methods with which the union of each of the pieces that make up the Concrete Armor can be manufactured efficiently.

Fourteenth. - Develop the calculation methods and software with which it is possible to design and calculate a Concrete Armor.

Fifteenth. - Develop a Concrete Armor that guarantees the lowest possible vibration of each of its elements and with that of the floors, making the end user feel more secure during the useful life of the building.

Sixteenth. - Develop a Concrete Armor that achieves durability according to applicable standards with a low maintenance cost.

Seventeenth. - Develop a Concrete Armor that has a longer resistance to fire attack compared to steel armor (joists) or wood armor.

Eighteenth. -Develop a Concrete Armor that has greater resistance to the aggressive attack of the environment compared to a steel frame (joist) or a wooden frame.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention consists of a Concrete Armor composed of a series of straight pieces, arranged and joined together, by means of monolithic joints, welded with plates, riveted or screwed. External loads applied to their joints produce direct stresses on said parts. The total effort to support is distributed in each of the pieces. Therefore, each piece is designed to withstand the type of effort that corresponds, specifically tension or compression. This is the reason why the set of parts provides greater strength compared to the concrete beams that are manufactured today that are commercially available. The type of support of a Concrete Armor can be simply supported, recessed, articulated, cantilevered and any combination of these supports. The present invention is a structure that is more resistant to attack by fire and the environment than the systems currently available. The present invention is also less expensive in its maintenance.

The Concrete Armor consists of a lower cord, upper cord, diagonal and pole. These elements are joined by monolithic joints, welded with plates, riveted or bolted. Some work to resist compression and others work to resist stress. The triangle is the figure that constitutes the basic form of the arrangement of the elements of this Concrete Armor. The section of each bead, diagonal or post of the Concrete Frame can be rectangular, cylindrical, triangular, variable section, section of any polyhedron, section L, simple T, double inverted TT and can also be prestressed or post-tensioned.

The union of each of the elements can be screwed, riveted, joined with welded plates or can simply be cast monolithically. Connectors can be placed in the upper bead of the Concrete Frame to achieve a perfect union with any type of slab, as well as for the assembly of it. The manufacturing process of the Concrete Frame can be using an adjustable mold to different lengths and can be boleado or chamfered in all the edges.

The emptying of the concrete can be manual or it could be with specialized pumping equipment, which manages to place it in each of the pieces that are part of the Concrete Armor. When one, some or all of the pieces require to be prestressed or post-tensioned, a mold with adaptations can be used in which the reinforcing steel can be prestressed or post-tensioned.

Some spacers can be placed during concrete casting to ensure the design coating, which can be removed when the concrete's consistency is sufficient to maintain the design position of the steel.

Subsequently, the objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent as the description proceeds and when taken in conjunction with the appended drawings. In order to have a complete appreciation of the scope of the present invention, it will be recognized later that various aspects of the present invention can be combined to make the desirable proposal of the invention.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Where a term is provided in the singular, the inventor also contemplates the plural of that term. The nomenclature used herein and the methods described below are those well known and commonly employed in the art.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS OF THE INVENTION FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of the most illustrative example of the current invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates all types of reinforced concrete, including prestressed and / or post-tensioned concrete, which are known to exist as prior art.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of an alternative example in schematic form of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of an alternative example in schematic form of the current invention.

FIG. 5 is an illustration of an alternative example of the current invention.

FIG. 6 is an illustration of a schematic of a Warren Concrete Armor.

FIG. 7 is an illustration of an outline of a Pratt Concrete Armor.

FIG. 8 is an illustration of a schematic of an alternative example of a Pratt Concrete Armor.

FIG. 9 is an illustration of an outline of a Howe Concrete Armor.

FIG. 10 is an illustration of an outline of an alternative example of a Howe Concrete Armor.

FIG. 11 is an illustration of a schematic of a Fink Concrete Armor.

FIG. 12 is an illustration of an outline of a Petit or Baltimore Concrete Armor.

FIG. 13 is an illustration of an outline of a Concrete Scissor Armor.

FIG. 14 is an illustration of an outline of an Arch Concrete Armor.

FIG. 15 illustrates a scheme in general form of the type of union (node) of the Concrete Armor in monolithic form.

FIG. 16 illustrates a scheme in general form of the type of union (node) of the Concrete Armor with welded plates.

FIG. 17 Illustrates a scheme in general form of the type of union (node) of the Concrete Frame which is made with plates and rivets or screws.

FIG. 18 illustrates a scheme in general form of the type of union (node) of the Concrete Armor which is manufactured in screwed form.

FIG. 19 schematically illustrates a segment of a fabricated Concrete Frame, consisting of concrete and reinforcing steel.

FIG. 20 schematically illustrates a segment of a fabricated Concrete Frame, consisting of concrete and prestressed steel.

FIG. 21 schematically illustrates a segment of a fabricated Concrete Armor, consisting of concrete and post-tensioned steel, in which pre-ducts are pre-prepared, to post-tension the steel, once the concrete has the design strength.

FIG. 22 generally illustrates a rectangular section of a segment of a Concrete Frame, fabricated with prestressed and / or post-tensioned reinforcement concrete.

FIG. 23 generally illustrates a circular section of a segment of a Concrete Frame, fabricated with pre-stressed and / or post-tensioned reinforcement concrete.

FIG. 24 In general, it polishes a T-shaped section of a segment of a Concrete Frame, made of prestressed and / or post-tensioned reinforcement concrete.

FIG. 25 generally illustrates an I-shaped section of a segment of a Concrete Frame, fabricated with pre-stressed and / or post-tensioned reinforcement concrete.

FIG. 26 generally illustrates an L-shaped section of a segment of a Concrete Frame, fabricated with prestressed and / or post-tensioned reinforcement concrete.

FIG. 27 illustrates in general form a U-shaped section of a segment of a Concrete Reinforcement made of prestressed and / or post-tensioned reinforcement concrete.

FIG. 28 illustrates in general a section in the form of a closed channel of a segment of a Concrete Frame, made of prestressed and / or post-tensioned reinforcement concrete.

FIG. 29 illustrates a simple Concrete Armor Pratt type, isostatic classification, with monolithic type joints and the section of the pieces is rectangular.

FIG. 30 illustrates a Pratt Straight Concrete Armor, isostatic classification, with monolithic joints and the section of the pieces is rectangular, with slab in the upper part, which may be prestressed or post-tensioned in both directions.

FIG. 31 illustrates a Concrete Armor in double TT type Pratt straight, isostatic classification, with monolithic joints and section of rectangular pieces, with slab in the upper part, which can be prestressed or post-tensioned in both directions.

FIG. 32 illustrates a Concrete Armature in straight Pratt type box, isostatic classification, with monolithic union, section of rectangular pieces and with slab in the upper and lower part, which can be prestressed or post-tensioned in both directions.

FIG. 33 illustrates an architectural cut of a building with more than 8 levels with concrete reinforcement type Pratt straight, isostatic classification.

FIG. 34 illustrates an architectural cut of a building of more than 8 levels with a double TT configuration of prestressed concrete, according to the prior art.

FIG. 35 illustrates a longitudinal architectural section of a 6-lane bridge with two TT double-concrete reinforcements in a straight Pratt drawer, isostatic classification, which in its interior they serve as a pedestrian crossing and in the upper part of vehicular passage, plus two other TT double Pratt straight concrete reinforcement, isostatic classification, which only serve as vehicular passage.

FIG. 36 illustrates a transverse architectural cut related to Fig. 35 of a 6-lane bridge with two TT Double Concrete Reinforcement in a straight Pratt type drawer, isostatic classification, which serve as a pedestrian crossing, plus two other TT Double Concrete Reinforcement type Pratt straight, isostatic classification, which serve only vehicular passage.

FIG. 37 illustrates a longitudinal architectural section of a 6-lane bridge with double TT beams of prestressed concrete, according to the prior art.

FIG. 38 illustrates a transverse architectural cut related to Fig. 37 of a 6-lane bridge with double TT beams of prestressed concrete, according to the prior art.

FIG. 39 illustrates a schematic cut of the structure of a warehouse built with a frame of Warren-type Concrete Armor isostatic classification.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Fig. 1 shows the most illustrative example of the present invention called Concrete Armor in which the straight pieces (upper cord 51, diagonal 52, lower cord 53, vertical pillar 54), made of concrete are observed 50 and with reinforcing steel 55, with the corresponding coating 56, according to the applicable standards. The present invention contemplates that the reinforcing steel 55 can also be prestressed or post-tensioned. The pieces are joined monolithically 71, so that the external loads applied to their joints produce stress directly on said pieces. The most illustrative example contemplates that the triangle is the basic geometric form used in the arrangement of the elements, since it is the only geometric figure that does not deform.

The elements shown in Fig. 1 have a Warren type arrangement, have a rectangular section as shown in Fig. 22, the reinforcing steel of the concrete is as shown in Fig. 19 and the joint is monolithic as it is shown in Fig. 15. It is important that each element can be prestressed as shown in Fig. 20, or post-tensioned as illustrated in Fig. 21. While Fig. 1 represents several elements joined together in one monolithic form, also contemplates that the elements can be joined by other ways, as with welded plates as seen in Fig. 16, riveted as seen in Fig. 17 or bolted as seen in Fig. 18. The Main materials used in the present invention are concrete 50 and reinforcing steel 55, taking care of the quality of both materials and their perfect compatibility. The concrete is high performance (HPC) that meets applicable city standards and complies with the durability standards. If these rules did not exist for For purposes of manufacturing and / or supply, then international standards for the use of steel would be applied, which would comply with the applicable quality standards of the city or state. If these standards were deficient, then international standards would apply.

Fig. 2 shows the types of concrete beams according to the prior art. This includes a single beam T 57, a double beam TT 58, extruded slab 59, rectangular beam 60, a beam I (ASSHTO) 61, box beam 62, beam channel 63, beam L 64, beam T inverted 65, beam of soul open 66, variable section beam with holes 67, variable section beam 68.

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show schematically three examples of the present invention, taking into account the relationship between the minimum number of pieces required and the number of nodes that make up a Concrete Armor. The triangles are placed in a series, where their three vertices fix the position of three nodes. For each additional node, two more sides are required. This relationship is characterized by the formula (1) n = 2p-3, where p = number of nodes in the whole structure and n = minimum number of necessary pieces.

Fig. 3 schematically shows the arrangement of a complete or isostatic Concrete Armor that consists of the smallest possible number of parts needed to form a complete system of triangles. In Fig. 3 n (minimum required number of pieces) is equal to the number obtained from the formula (1) n = (2xp) -3. For example, this Isostatic Concrete Armor has fifteen pieces 69 and nine nodes 70. Applying the formula indicates that the minimum number of pieces required is fifteen, (n = (2. times 9) -3 = 15). As shown in the scheme of the Concrete Armor in Fig. 3, it has fifteen pieces. This is the same number of pieces as the minimum number of necessary parts indicated in formula (1). Therefore, it is classified as a complete or isostatic Concrete Armor.

Fig. 4 schematically shows the arrangement of an incomplete or hypostatic Concrete Reinforcement that is made up of a number smaller than the minimum number of parts needed to form a complete system of triangles, in Fig. 4 n (minimum required number of parts) ) is smaller than that of formula (1) n = (2p) -3 since this example has twelve pieces 69 and eight nodes 70. Applying the formula indicates that the minimum number of pieces required is thirteen, (n = (2 times 8) -3 = 13). As shown in the scheme of the Concrete Armor in Fig. 4, it has twelve pieces that are fewer pieces than the minimum number of necessary pieces indicated in the formula (1). Therefore, it is classified as an incomplete or hypostatic Concrete Armor.

Fig. 5 shows the arrangement of a superstatic or hyperstatic Concrete Armature. A Hyperstatic Concrete Armor consists of a number greater than the minimum number of parts needed to form a complete system of triangles. In Fig. 5 n (minimum required number of pieces) is less than that of formula (1): since it has sixteen pieces 69 and nine nodes 70. Applying the formula indicates that the minimum number of pieces required is fifteen, (n = (2. times 9) -3 = 15). As shown in the scheme of the Concrete Armor in Fig. 4, it has sixteen pieces that are more pieces than the minimum number of necessary pieces indicated in the formula (1), therefore, it is classified as an Armor of superstatic or hyperstatic concrete.

Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14; show schematically the types of concrete reinforcement that can be manufactured, according to the arrangement of the parts that make it. Fig. 6 shows a straight Warren type, Fig. 7 a pitched Pratt type, Fig. 8 a straight Pratt type, Fig. 9 a Gable Howe type, Fig. 10 a straight Howe type, Fig. 11 a gabled Fink type, Fig. 12 a Petit or Baltimore straight type, Fig. 13 a gabled scissor type, Fig. 14 a Bow type. These are some types of Concrete Armor that can be manufactured according to the arrangement of their elements. It is important to mention that the various previous uses of the Concrete Armor were described using a particular type of format (for example, a Warren Concrete Armor), a combination of the above arrangements or the union between them are also contemplated and fit within of the aspect of the present invention.

Figs. 15, 16, 17 and 18; illustrate several examples to assemble the different joints or nodes with the elements of a Concrete Frame. Fig. 15 represents a node joining the diagonal 52, the lower cord 53 and the upright 55, in monolithic form. That is, the concrete is cast in the three elements to form a single piece. Another type of joint is illustrated in Fig. 16 which shows a node assembling the diagonal 52, the lower cord 53 and the upright 55, by means of a plate to which other plates are welded, which are previously cast and fixed to the ends of each of the elements that make up the Concrete Armor. Another type of connection is shown in Fig. 17 which shows a node joining the diagonal 52, with the lower cord 53 and the vertical pillar 55 by means of a plate to which other riveted or screwed plates that previously are cast and fixed will be joined. to the ends of each of the elements that make up the Concrete Armor. Another type of connection is shown in FIG. 18 illustrating a node joining the diagonal 52, with the lower cord 53 and the vertical post 55 by means of a plate or any other secured device that allows to be screwed to an element previously fastened to the ends of each of the elements that make up the Concrete Armor. The joints or nodes illustrated in Figs. 16, 17 and 18 can be reinforced by coating them with concrete to increase the durability, as well as to increase the resistance to fire once installed and / or assembled on site. These examples are shown for purposes of illustration and not limitation.

Figs. 19, 20 and 21 schematically illustrate some segments of concrete in combination with various types of reinforcing steel that can be part of an Armor of Concrete. Fig. 19 shows a rectangular segment of concrete that has reinforcing steel without being prestressed inside it. Fig. 20 shows a rectangular segment of reinforced concrete having prestressed steel 76 in the interior. Fig. 21 illustrates a rectangular segment of concrete containing a plurality of ducts 77 that allows the steel to be placed inside a segment of concrete so that after it has set and the concrete has the design strength, the steel 78 can be post-tensioned. While these examples show a Concrete Frame used in combination with a particular type of steel, it is also contemplated that several types of steel are used with a Concrete Frame in a single application and therefore such a combination also falls within the scope of the current invention.

Referring now to Figs. 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28, these illustrate several alternative examples of the different types of sections that can be fabricated using reinforced concrete that are part of the Concrete Frame. For example, the section of a segment can be rectangular as shown in Fig. 22, oval or circular as in Fig. 23. The segments can also be configured in a T as in Fig. 24, in an I ( AASHTO) as in Fig. 25, in an L as in Fig. 26, in a U as in Fig. 27, or in a closed channel, which can be rectangular as in Fig. 28, oval or circular . It is important that any selected section must be bounded, rounded or chamfered to increase the resistance to impacts on the edges.

The Concrete Armor can also be classified according to its section that can include configurations type I (AASHTO), in T (T), in double T (TT), in the form of L and in inverted T. These are illustrated in Figs. 29, 30, 31 and 32. Fig. 29 shows a simple Concrete Armor type Pratt straight, isostatic classification, with monolithic type unions 71 and the section of the pieces or segments are rectangular according to Fig. 22. Fig. 30 shows a Pratt Straight Type Concrete Armor, isostatic classification, with monolithic joints 71 and the section of the pieces or segments are rectangular according to Fig. 22, with a slab in the upper part 78, which can be prestressed or post-tensioned in both directions. Fig. 31 shows a Concrete Armor in double TT type Pratt straight, isostatic classification, with monolithic joints 71 and section with rectangular pieces according to Fig. 22, with a slab in the upper part 78, which can be prestressed or post-tensioned in both directions. Fig. 32 illustrates a Concrete Box in slab with slab 78 on the top and bottom, which can be prestressed or post-tensioned in both directions.

Figs. 33 and 34 show architectural cuts of a building of more than eight levels, and illustrate distinctly the geometrical difference of an example of the present invention with the prior art. The structure of a Concrete Frame (Fig. 33) and another structure according to the previous art (Fig. 34), with double beams TT 58. It can be seen that in Fig. 33 the Concrete Frame is used in both floors 80 , as well as to link the dice of the foundation 83, by means of an Armor of Concrete 81. It is important to consider that the foundation 84 is less expensive in the building of Fig. 33, the Concrete Frame is a lighter system than the heavy double beam system (TT) 58, system occupied in the building of Fig. 34 that develops according to the prior art.

Figs. 35 and 36 show architectural cuts and refer to a six-lane bridge with two TT Double Concrete Reinforcement in drawer 88 type Pratt straight, isostatic classification, which serve both vehicular and pedestrian passage, in addition to two other double concrete reinforcement (TT) 90 type Pratt straight, isostatic classification. Fig. 35 shows a longitudinal section and Fig. 36 shows a cross section, in these images we can see the advantage of combining two box concrete reinforcement 88 and two TT 90 double concrete reinforcement. The same structure serves as a step vehicular and pedestrian traffic. At the same time the concrete serves as a protection against corrosion of steel, as well as serves to achieve a clear with greater strength and less material. You can also see the water level 87, you can see the foundation 84 and the slope of channel 86.

Figs. 37 and 38 show two architectural cuts of the previous art. They represent a longitudinal section Fig. 37 and a cross section Fig. 38. It is the view of a six-lane bridge with two double TT Concrete reinforcements in box 58. Foundation 84 is also shown in schematic form and the slope of channel 86 .

Fig. 39 shows a section of the complete frame of a Warren Concrete Frame, for a storage facility for multiple uses, such as a hangar or warehouse, in which each of the pieces that form the Concrete Frame is rectangular (as in Fig22), formed by the upper cord 51, the diagonals 52, the lower cord 53, the vertical uprights 54, as well as in schematic form the foundation die 83 and the foundation 84 are drawn. Fig. 39 argues the assembly of several pieces monolithically.

The calculation of the Concrete Armor will be in accordance with the current methods of structural design for concrete and steel. It will also comply with the construction regulations of the city where the present invention will be manufactured, stored, transported and finally placed. If the city or state does not have the established standards, compliance will occur at national or international levels as deemed appropriate.

The manufacturing method of the present invention uses forms or molds, preferably metal. However, other materials such as aluminum, fiberglass, wood, plastics, polyethylenes, cartons or any other material that can be used and are within the scope of the present invention are contemplated.

The Concrete Armor will have fixed or provisional fasteners that help transport, assemble and place each of the pieces according to current techniques.

The type of concrete is substantial and will be designed according to the applicable standards, so it will be possible to occupy the types of concrete that the same technology allows us day by day, such as high performance concrete (HPC). The reinforcing steel includes prestressing and / or post-tensioning, it will be designed according to the applicable standards, so it will be possible to occupy the types of steel that the same technology allows us every day. It is also contemplated that other new materials may be used as substitutes for steel and concrete in the future, without losing the basic criteria of a frame composed of a series of straight pieces arranged and joined together, by means of monolithic joints, welded with plates, riveted or screwed, so that the external loads applied to their joints produce direct stress on said parts.

All headings are for the convenience of the reader and should not be used to limit the meaning of the text that follows the heading, unless specified. The present invention has described in a general manner and with respect to the most illustrative example. It is understood that various changes and modifications can be made to the disclosed invention without departing from the spirit and vision of the new concept of the present invention.

It is well established that patent claims serve as an important public warning function for potential competitors-allowing them not only to determine what is covered, but also what is not covered-by the patent. And a number of decisions taken by the Federal Circuit have accentuated the importance of discerning the patent holder's intent-as expressed in the specification-in interpreting patent claims.

But the defendants in patent infringement proceedings - while they are discussing the importance of this public act - will usually seek intangible and feigned explanations of the facts that will make them seem meaningless, so short that they have no important value, or so broad that the The demand is anticipated by the previous art.

Therefore, I want to make my intentions clear-and at the same time put potential competitors in clear public notice. It is my intention that the claims receive a liberal construction and that they are interpreted to reinforce and not to destroy the right of the inventor. It is my intention that the terms of the claim be understood clearly and with common sense. It is my intention that the terms of the claim be so widely understood, as practical while preserving the validity of the claims. It is my intention that the terms of the claim be understood in a manner consistent with the context of the total language of the claim and the specification, regardless of extreme limitations of the specification or other sources within the claims and without restricting the vision of the claims. claims of the exact representations shown in the specifications or in the drawings.

The main building of the World Intellectual Property Organization has the following inscription: "The human genius is the source of all works of art and inventions, these works are the guarantee that I am valuable for life; of the state to ensure with diligence the protection of the arts and inventions. " It is my intent that the claims of this patent be understood-and finally support them, if necessary-in a manner worthy of this mandate.

Claims (10)

1. Claims 1. - A structural frame of concrete comprising: a top member, a bottom member and a series of interlaced members that can be said to be interlocked diagonally and vertically and which are connected to said upper member and to said lower member within the soul cant configuration.
2. 2. - A concrete structural frame as recited in claim 1, wherein it comprises the aforementioned upper member, the aforementioned lower member, and the aforesaid plurality of interlaced members, subsequently being composed of a first steel layer within a second layer of a porous material.
3. 3. A concrete structural frame as recited in claim 2, wherein said first steel layer is composed of at least one steel bar that is reinforced.
4. 4. A structural concrete frame as recited in claim 3, wherein said first steel layer is prestressed.
5. 5. A concrete structural frame as recited in claim 4, wherein said first steel layer is post-tensioned.
6. 6. A structural concrete frame as reported in claim 2, wherein said porous material is concrete.
7. 7. A concrete structural frame as recited in claim 2, wherein said upper member, said lower member, and said plurality of intertwined members are assembled monolithically.
8. 8. A concrete structural frame as recited in claim 7, wherein said upper member, said lower member, and said plurality of interlaced members are assembled by welded plates.
9. 9. A concrete structural frame as recited in claim 8, wherein said upper member, said lower member, and said plurality of interlaced members are assembled with rivets.
10. 10. A concrete structural frame as recited in claim 9, wherein said upper member, said lower member, and said plurality of interlaced members are assembled with screws. 1 1. The method of providing a concrete structural framework comprises: preparing a mixture of porous material where the aforementioned porous material is concrete; place at least one steel bar in a mold; and pouring said mixture of the porous material into the mold for casing as mentioned at least one steel bar within the porous material.