MD4189C1 - Process for anaerobic fermentation of liquid organic waste - Google Patents
Process for anaerobic fermentation of liquid organic waste Download PDFInfo
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- MD4189C1 MD4189C1 MDA20110075A MD20110075A MD4189C1 MD 4189 C1 MD4189 C1 MD 4189C1 MD A20110075 A MDA20110075 A MD A20110075A MD 20110075 A MD20110075 A MD 20110075A MD 4189 C1 MD4189 C1 MD 4189C1
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- anaerobic fermentation
- waste
- biogas
- squalene
- betulinol
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
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- FVWJYYTZTCVBKE-ROUWMTJPSA-N betulin Chemical compound C1C[C@H](O)C(C)(C)[C@@H]2CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@@]5(CO)CC[C@@H](C(=C)C)[C@@H]5[C@H]4CC[C@@H]3[C@]21C FVWJYYTZTCVBKE-ROUWMTJPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- YYGNTYWPHWGJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6E,10E,14E,18E)-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C YYGNTYWPHWGJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
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- PRAKJMSDJKAYCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecahydrosqualene Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C PRAKJMSDJKAYCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229940031439 squalene Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
- TUHBEKDERLKLEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N squalene Natural products CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC=C(/C)CCC=C(/C)CC=C(C)C)C)C)C TUHBEKDERLKLEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroform Substances ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000001592 Amaranthus caudatus Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000009328 Amaranthus caudatus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012735 amaranth Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 230000000696 methanogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
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- JYDNKGUBLIKNAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxyallobutulin Natural products C1CC(=O)C(C)(C)C2CCC3(C)C4(C)CCC5(CO)CCC(C(=C)C)C5C4CCC3C21C JYDNKGUBLIKNAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
Invenţia se referă la procedee de fermentare anaerobă a deşeurilor organice lichide cu obţinerea biogazului.Procedeul, conform invenţiei, include amestecarea deşeurilor organice lichide cu ulei din materie primă vegetală cu conţinut de scualenă, precum şi cu betulinol şi/sau derivaţii acestuia şi fermentarea anaerobă în condiţii mezofile la temperatura de 32±2°C în decurs de 1…2 zile cu obţinerea biogazului, totodată componentele sunt luate reieşind din următorul calcul, în % de la masa deşeurilor:Rezultatul constă în intensificarea fermentării anaerobe a deşeurilor şi sporirea eficienţei procesului de metanogeneză.The invention relates to processes for anaerobic fermentation of liquid organic waste to obtain biogas. The process according to the invention includes mixing liquid organic waste with vegetable raw material oil with scualene content, as well as betulinol and / or its anaerobic derivatives and fermentation. mesophilic conditions at a temperature of 32 ± 2 ° C within 1… 2 days with obtaining the biogas, at the same time the components are taken from the following calculation, in% from the mass of the waste: The result consists in intensifying the anaerobic fermentation of the waste and increasing the efficiency of the process of waste. methanogenesis.
Description
Invenţia se referă la procedee de fermentare anaerobă a deşeurilor organice lichide cu obţinerea biogazului, şi poate fi aplicată la întreprinderile de prelucrare a produselor agricole, la fabricile vinicole, fermele de animale şi alte întreprinderi industriale asociate cu formarea de deşeuri organice lichide, pentru transformarea biochimică a acestora în biogaz. The invention refers to anaerobic fermentation processes of liquid organic waste to obtain biogas, and can be applied to agricultural product processing enterprises, wineries, animal farms and other industrial enterprises associated with the formation of liquid organic waste, for biochemical transformation of them in biogas.
Este cunoscut procedeul de tratare biochimică şi epurare a apelor uzate, care include tratarea preventivă mecanică, chimică şi/sau tratamentul cu radiaţii al apelor uzate înainte de procesarea biochimică pentru transformarea impurităţilor în biogaz. Prelucrarea mecanică a componentelor solide efectuată într-o moară cu bile, prelucrarea chimică cu soluţie de 1% de hidroxid de sodiu la 100°C timp de 1 oră şi tratarea radioactivă cu γ iradiere au făcut să crească gradul de conversie a materiei organice în biogaz [1]. The process of biochemical treatment and purification of wastewater is known, which includes preventive mechanical, chemical and/or radiation treatment of wastewater before biochemical processing to transform impurities into biogas. Mechanical processing of solid components in a ball mill, chemical processing with 1% sodium hydroxide solution at 100°C for 1 hour and radioactive treatment with γ irradiation increased the degree of conversion of organic matter into biogas [1].
Cu toate acestea, procedeul solicită muncă intensivă, nu este suficient de sigur şi eficient, pentru faptul că include operaţiuni separate şi de durată. However, the process requires intensive work, it is not sufficiently safe and efficient, due to the fact that it includes separate and long-term operations.
Cel mai apropiat procedeu după esenţa tehnică şi rezultatul obţinut include tratarea prealabilă şi amestecarea deşeurilor cu reactivi, urmată de fermentare pentru producerea de biogaz. În acest caz, în calitate de reactivi se utilizează acizi minerali, iar procesul prelucrării componentelor polifenolice, biochimic greu degradabile, ale borhotului se efectuează în autoclavă la 121°C şi presiune în exces de 15 psi (1,05 kg/cm2), timp de 5 ore, în mediu acid la valoarea pH-ului de 1…2. După etapa de hidroliză se efectuează neutralizarea, apoi se efectuează debitarea în rezervorul de aerare, unde se finalizează purificarea [2]. The closest process in terms of technical essence and the result obtained includes pre-treatment and mixing of waste with reagents, followed by fermentation for the production of biogas. In this case, mineral acids are used as reagents, and the process of processing the polyphenolic components, biochemically difficult to degrade, of the borhot is carried out in an autoclave at 121°C and an excess pressure of 15 psi (1.05 kg/cm2), time for 5 hours, in an acidic environment at a pH value of 1...2. After the hydrolysis step, the neutralization is carried out, then the discharge is carried out in the aeration tank, where the purification is completed [2].
Acest procedeu de tratare a borhotului se asociază cu un consum mare de energie pentru încălzirea lui până la temperatură ridicată, este de lungă durată şi necesită volum mare de muncă, deoarece procesul este ciclic, ca urmare a separării operaţiunilor de hidroliză şi biochimice. În plus, procedeul cunoscut nu oferă tratament biologic suficient de efectiv al deşeurilor agricole pentru obţinerea de biogaz cu un conţinut ridicat de metan. This process of treating borhot is associated with a high energy consumption for heating it to a high temperature, it is long-lasting and requires a large volume of work, because the process is cyclical, as a result of the separation of the hydrolysis and biochemical operations. In addition, the known process does not provide sufficiently effective biological treatment of agricultural waste to obtain biogas with a high methane content.
Problemă pe care o soluţionează invenţia propusă constă în intensificarea fermentării biochimice a deşeurilor agricole şi sporirea eficienţei tratamentului acestora, reducerea intensităţii energetice şi a volumului necesar de muncă, sporirea randamentului de biogaz şi a conţinutului de metan în acesta. The problem that the proposed invention solves consists in intensifying the biochemical fermentation of agricultural waste and increasing the efficiency of their treatment, reducing the energy intensity and the required volume of work, increasing the biogas yield and the methane content in it.
Problema se soluţionează prin aceea că procedeul de fermentare anaerobă a deşeurilor organice lichide include amestecarea lor cu ulei din materie primă vegetală cu conţinut de scualenă, precum şi cu betulinol şi/sau derivaţii acestuia şi fermentarea anaerobă în condiţii mezofile la temperatura de 32±2°C în decurs de 1…2 zile cu obţinerea biogazului, totodată componentele sunt luate reieşind din următorul calcul, în % de la masa deşeurilor: The problem is solved by the fact that the process of anaerobic fermentation of liquid organic waste includes mixing it with oil from vegetable raw material containing squalene, as well as with betulinol and/or its derivatives and anaerobic fermentation in mesophilic conditions at a temperature of 32±2° C within 1...2 days of obtaining the biogas, at the same time the components are taken based on the following calculation, in % of the mass of waste:
scualenă 0,0001…0,0010, betulinol şi/sau derivaţii acestuia 0,0005…0,0015. squalene 0.0001…0.0010, betulinol and/or its derivatives 0.0005…0.0015.
Conform procedeului, în calitate de ulei din materie primă vegetală cu conţinut de scualenă se utilizează ulei din seminţe de amarant sau măsline, sau bumbac, sau in, obţinut prin extragere cu solvenţi organici nepolari - cloroform sau acetonă, sau hexan, sau eter de petrol. According to the procedure, as vegetable raw material oil containing squalene, amaranth or olive seed oil, or cotton, or flax, obtained by extraction with non-polar organic solvents - chloroform or acetone, or hexane, or petroleum ether is used .
Totodată, betulinolul şi/sau derivaţii acestuia sunt obţinuţi prin extragerea cojii de mesteacăn cu solvenţi organici nepolari - cloroform sau acetonă, sau hexan, sau eter de petrol. At the same time, betulinol and/or its derivatives are obtained by extracting birch bark with non-polar organic solvents - chloroform or acetone, or hexane, or petroleum ether.
Rezultatul constă în intensificarea fermentării anaerobe a deşeurilor şi sporirea eficienţei procesului de metanogeneză. The result consists in intensifying the anaerobic fermentation of waste and increasing the efficiency of the methanogenesis process.
Rezultatul se datorează activităţilor biochimice antioxidante, antihipoxante, antimutagene ale aditivului care este suma compuşilor triterpenici din coajă de mesteacăn cu conţinut de betulinol şi derivaţii acestuia, adaosul cărora stabilizează membranele celulare ale microorganismelor, ridică rezistenţa celulelor la hipoxie (deficit de oxigen), reduce peroxidarea lipidelor şi previne deteriorarea membranelor celulare. Această asociere de activităţi contribuie la accelerarea proceselor biochimice metanogene şi duce la creşterea randamentului de biogaz. Concomitent, adăugarea uleiului de amarant cu conţinut de scualenă - substanţă biochimic activă, care are proprietatea de a captura oxigen şi satura cu acesta ţesuturile microorganismelor la interacţiunea biochimică cu apa, asigură un ciclu mai complet al procesului de metanogeneză, care, la rândul său, contribuie la creşterea randamentului de biogaz şi a cantităţii de metan în conţinutul acestuia. The result is due to the antioxidant, antihypoxant, antimutagenic biochemical activities of the additive which is the sum of the triterpene compounds from birch bark containing betulinol and its derivatives, the addition of which stabilizes the cell membranes of microorganisms, increases the resistance of cells to hypoxia (oxygen deficiency), reduces peroxidation lipids and prevents damage to cell membranes. This association of activities contributes to the acceleration of methanogenic biochemical processes and leads to an increase in biogas yield. At the same time, the addition of amaranth oil containing squalene - biochemically active substance, which has the property of capturing oxygen and saturating the tissues of microorganisms with it during the biochemical interaction with water, ensures a more complete cycle of the methanogenesis process, which, in turn, contributes to the increase of biogas yield and the amount of methane in its content.
Astfel, adaosul amestecului de scualenă din ulei vegetal şi a compuşilor triterpenici din coajă de mesteacăn cu conţinut de betulinol şi derivaţii acestuia în procesul biochimic al fermentării anaerobe produce un efect sinergic, care contribuie la intensificarea procesului de fermentare anaerobă a substratului organic şi stimulează un ciclu mai complet al procesului de metanogeneză, ceea ce face să crească în mare măsură randamentul de biogaz şi conţinutul de metan în acesta. Thus, the addition of the mixture of squalene from vegetable oil and triterpene compounds from birch bark containing betulinol and its derivatives in the biochemical process of anaerobic fermentation produces a synergistic effect, which contributes to the intensification of the process of anaerobic fermentation of the organic substrate and stimulates a cycle more complete of the methanogenesis process, which greatly increases the yield of biogas and the content of methane in it.
În acelaşi timp, se asigură reducerea intensităţii energetice şi a volumului de muncă, creşte gradul de epurare a apelor uzate în urma asimilării biochimice mai complete a materiei organice de către microorganisme. At the same time, it ensures the reduction of energy intensity and the volume of work, increases the degree of purification of waste water following the more complete biochemical assimilation of organic matter by microorganisms.
Scualena (2,6,10,15,19,23-hexametiltetracoza, 6,10,14,18,22 2-hexaen), ca principiu activ al uleiului vegetal utilizat în calitate de adaos metanogen, este o substanţă naturală cu masa moleculară - 410,73, - triterpenă nesaturată aciclică, pretutindeni răspândită în organismele vii şi diferite componente biochimice ale acestora, inclusiv se găseşte în uleiurile vegetale de măsline, bumbac, in şi altele, în seminţele de amarant conţinutul de scualenă atinge 8…15%. Din punct de vedere biochimic şi fiziologic scualena este o substanţă biologic activă naturală. Squalene (2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracose, 6,10,14,18,22 2-hexaene), as the active principle of the vegetable oil used as a methanogenic additive, is a natural substance with the molecular weight - 410.73, - acyclic unsaturated triterpene, ubiquitous in living organisms and their various biochemical components, including found in olive, cotton, flax and other vegetable oils, in amaranth seeds the squalene content reaches 8...15%. From a biochemical and physiological point of view, squalene is a natural biologically active substance.
În molecula acestui compus nu ajung 12 atomi de hidrogen pentru a realiza o stare stabilă de moleculă saturată. Astfel în procesele biochimice scualena atrage şi adiţionează aceşti atomi din orice sursă disponibilă. Dat fiind că în reacţiile biochimice apa este cea mai accesibilă sursă de hidrogen, scualena în cadrul acestor reacţii adiţionează atomi de hidrogen din apă, eliberând oxigen, care saturează ţesuturile microorganismelor. Astfel, ca ingredient activ al uleiului de amarant oferă un flux mai bun al procesului de metanogeneză şi asigură o creştere a productivităţii de biogaz şi a conţinutului de metan în acesta. In the molecule of this compound, 12 hydrogen atoms do not reach to achieve a stable state of saturated molecule. Thus, in biochemical processes, squalene attracts and adds these atoms from any available source. Given that in biochemical reactions water is the most accessible source of hydrogen, squalene in these reactions adds hydrogen atoms from water, releasing oxygen, which saturates the tissues of microorganisms. Thus, as an active ingredient of amaranth oil, it provides a better flow of the methanogenesis process and ensures an increase in biogas productivity and its methane content.
Uleiul de amarant cu conţinut de scualenă a fost obţinut prin metoda generală acceptată de extragere a componentelor fitochimice din materie primă vegetală cu solvenţi organici [Тихонов А. В. и др. Получение и применение амарантового масла и сквалена из семян амаранта. Биотех-95. Международная Научно-техническая Конференция. Днепропетровск, 1995, с. 44-45], adaptată la condiţiile prezentei lucrări. Amaranth oil with squalene content was obtained by the generally accepted method of extracting phytochemical components from vegetable raw material with organic solvents [Тихонов А. В. and others Obtaining and applying amaranth oil and squalene from amaranth seeds. Biotech-95. International Scientific and Technical Conference. Dnepropetrovsk, 1995, p. 44-45], adapted to the conditions of the present paper.
Obţinerea uleiului de amarant. La 100 g seminţe mărunţite de amarant introduse într-un balon sferic cu volumul de 1L dotat cu un refrigerent cu reflux s-au adăugat 400 ml cloroform. Extracţia s-a efectuat pe baia de apă la temperatura de 70…80 °C timp de 1 oră. După răcirea până la temperatura camerei extractul a fost filtrat prin hârtie de filtru, apoi a fost îndepărtat cloroformul din tot volumul extractului prin distilare la un distilator-rotor cu vid în porţii mici într-un balonaş sferic cu volumul de 250 ml la temperatura de 40…45°C. Cantitatea de ulei, cu un conţinut de 10% de scualenă, rămasă după îndepărtarea solventului a constituit 12,l g (12,1% din masa materiei prime). Obtaining amaranth oil. 400 ml of chloroform was added to 100 g of crushed amaranth seeds placed in a spherical flask with a volume of 1 L equipped with a reflux refrigerant. The extraction was carried out in a water bath at a temperature of 70...80 °C for 1 hour. After cooling to room temperature, the extract was filtered through filter paper, then the chloroform was removed from the entire volume of the extract by distillation in a vacuum rotary still in small portions in a 250 ml spherical flask at a temperature of 40 ...45°C. The amount of oil, with a 10% squalene content, remaining after removing the solvent was 12.1 g (12.1% of the mass of the raw material).
Compuşii din coajă de mesteacăn, cu conţinut de betulinol şi derivaţi ai acestuia sunt un supliment biologic activ de compuşi triterpenici pentaciclici, care conţin în cea mai mare parte (cca 70%) alcool triterpenic - betulinol (C30H50O2), substanţă cu o gamă largă de efecte biologice asupra organismelor [Толстиков Г. А. и др. Бетулин и его производные. Химия и биологическая активность. Химия в интересах устойчивого развития. 13, 2005, с. 1-30]. În stare pură este o pulbere fină din microcristale prismatice, insolubilă în apă, dar relativ bine solubilă în alcool. Se acumulează în celulele de plută ale scoarţei de mesteacăn, conferindu-i acesteia culoarea albă. Datorită activităţilor sale antioxidante, antimutagenice, antihipoxante contribuie la stabilizarea membranelor celulare ale microorganismelor, ceea ce contribuie la creşterea rezistenţei celulelor faţă de factorii ce duc la deteriorarea membranelor celulare în lipsa de oxigen, şi în acelaşi timp previn peroxidarea lipidelor. Această asociere de efecte benefice accelerează procesele biochimice metanogene şi contribuie la creşterea randamentului de biogaz. Birch bark compounds, containing betulinol and its derivatives, are a biologically active supplement of pentacyclic triterpene compounds, which mostly (about 70%) contain triterpene alcohol - betulinol (C30H50O2), a substance with a wide range of biological effects on organisms [Толстиков Г. A. and others Betulin and its derivatives. Chemistry and biological activity. Chemistry in the interests of sustainable development. 13, 2005, p. 1-30]. In its pure state it is a fine powder of prismatic microcrystals, insoluble in water, but relatively well soluble in alcohol. It accumulates in the cork cells of the birch bark, giving it its white color. Due to its antioxidant, antimutagenic, antihypoxant activities, it contributes to the stabilization of the cell membranes of microorganisms, which contributes to increasing the resistance of cells to the factors that lead to the damage of cell membranes in the absence of oxygen, and at the same time prevent lipid peroxidation. This combination of beneficial effects accelerates methanogenic biochemical processes and contributes to increasing biogas yield.
Compuşii triterpenici cu conţinut de betulinol din scoarţă de mesteacăn au fost extraşi similar cazului obţinerii uleiului de amarant: extragerea cu cloroform la temperatura de fierbere a extragentului din materialul vegetal - coajă de mesteacăn uscată şi mărunţită. Triterpene compounds with betulinol content from birch bark were extracted similar to the case of obtaining amaranth oil: extraction with chloroform at boiling temperature of the extractant from the plant material - dry and shredded birch bark.
Obţinerea compuşilor triterpenici din coajă de mesteacăn. Obtaining triterpene compounds from birch bark.
La 100 g de coajă de mesteacăn uscată şi mărunţită introdusă într-un balon sferic cu volumul de 1 litru, dotat cu un refrigerent cu reflux, s-au adăugat 500 ml de cloroform. Extracţia s-a efectuat pe baie de apă la temperatura de 70…80°C timp de 1 oră în trei repetări. După răcirea până la temperatura camerei extractul a fost filtrat printr-un filtru de hârtie, apoi cloroformul a fost îndepărtat din tot volumul extractului prin distilare la un distilator-rotor cu vid în porţii mici într-un balonaş sferic cu volumul de 250 ml la temperatura de 40…45°C. Cantitatea totală de substanţă uscată (un praf microcristalin de culoare albă cu nuanţă slab gălbuie), care este suma compuşilor triterpenici cu conţinut de betulinol şi derivaţii acestuia din coajă de mesteacăn, obţinută în urma a trei extrageri a constituit 32 g (32% din masa materiei prime). 500 ml of chloroform was added to 100 g of dried and shredded birch bark inserted into a spherical flask with a volume of 1 liter, equipped with a reflux condenser. The extraction was carried out in a water bath at a temperature of 70...80°C for 1 hour in three repetitions. After cooling to room temperature, the extract was filtered through a paper filter, then chloroform was removed from the entire volume of the extract by distillation in a vacuum rotary still in small portions in a spherical flask with a volume of 250 ml at the temperature of 40...45°C. The total amount of dry substance (a white microcrystalline powder with a slight yellowish tint), which is the sum of triterpenic compounds containing betulinol and its derivatives from birch bark, obtained after three extractions was 32 g (32% of the mass raw material).
Produsele obţinute prin procedeele descrise mai sus (uleiul vegetal din seminţe de amarant cu conţinut de scualenă şi suma compuşilor triterpenici din coajă de mesteacăn cu conţinut de betulinol şi derivaţii săi) au fost utilizate pentru intensificarea procesului de fermentare a apelor uzate în condiţii anaerobe cu formarea biogazului. The products obtained by the processes described above (vegetable oil from amaranth seeds containing squalene and the sum of triterpenic compounds from birch bark containing betulinol and its derivatives) were used to intensify the fermentation process of wastewater under anaerobic conditions with the formation biogas.
Exemplu de realizare Example of realization
În 10 litri de vinasă (borhot) cu indicii CCO de 25350 mg O2/l şi CBO5 de 17650 mgO2/l, rămasă după distilarea alcoolului, s-au injectat componentele biologic active: 1,05 ml de ulei din seminţe de amarant cu conţinut de 10% scualenă (ceea ce constituie 0,001% scualenă din masa borhotului supus fermentării) în amestec cu 150 mg de compuşi cu conţinut de betulinol şi derivaţii acestuia (ceea ce în conţinutul cantitativ al masei borhotului în fermentare constituie 0,0015%). Amestecul a fost supus fermentării anaerobe în condiţii mezofile în termostat la temperatura de 32 ± 2°C. S-a evaluat timpul procesului de fermentare anaerobă până la finalizarea procesului de eliminare a biogazului, modificarea valorilor CCO şi CBO5, analizate prin metode standard, precum şi conţinutul metanului în biogaz, determinat prin metoda gaz-cromatografică. În acelaşi timp, s-a efectuat şi un experiment comparativ în condiţiile celei mai apropiate soluţii. Rezultatele experimentale sunt prezentate în tabel. In 10 liters of vinasse (borhot) with CCO indices of 25350 mg O2/l and CBO5 of 17650 mgO2/l, remaining after alcohol distillation, the biologically active components were injected: 1.05 ml of amaranth seed oil containing of 10% squalene (which constitutes 0.001% squalene of the fermented borhot mass) mixed with 150 mg of compounds containing betulinol and its derivatives (which in the quantitative content of the fermented borhot mass constitutes 0.0015%). The mixture was subjected to anaerobic fermentation under mesophilic conditions in a thermostat at a temperature of 32 ± 2°C. The time of the anaerobic fermentation process until the completion of the biogas elimination process, the change in the CCO and CBO5 values, analyzed by standard methods, as well as the methane content in the biogas, determined by the gas-chromatographic method, were evaluated. At the same time, a comparative experiment was carried out under the conditions of the closest solution. The experimental results are presented in the table.
Tabel Table
№ Condiţiile procedeului Rezultatele experimentelor conform invenţiei propuse conform celei mai apropiate soluţii 1. Timpul fermentării anaerobe, ore 15 36 2. CCO după fermentarea anaerobă, mg O2/l 560 680 3. CBO5 după fermentarea anaerobă, mg O2/l 195 255 4. Raportul CBO5: CCO după fermentarea anaerobă 0,348 0,375 5. Cantitatea specifică de biogaz eliminat, dm3/kg CCO 0,59 0,51 6. Conţinutul de metan în biogaz, % 94,8 69,2 № Process conditions Results of experiments according to the proposed invention according to the closest solution 1. Anaerobic fermentation time, hours 15 36 2. CCO after anaerobic fermentation, mg O2/l 560 680 3. CBO5 after anaerobic fermentation, mg O2/l 195 255 4. The CBO5: CCO ratio after anaerobic fermentation 0.348 0.375 5. The specific amount of removed biogas, dm3/kg CCO 0.59 0.51 6. The methane content in biogas, % 94.8 69.2
După cum reiese din datele obţinute, prezentate în tabel, timpul fermentării anaerobe a vinasei în condiţiile propuse s-a redus de aproape 2,5 ori faţă de condiţiile celei mai apropiate soluţii, valorile CCO şi CBO5 au scăzut cu 1,2 şi, respectiv, 1,3 ori. Acestea caracterizează o mai mare intensitate şi eficienţă a procesului, care contribuie la reducerea consumului de energie şi de muncă. A scăzut şi raportul dintre valorile CBO5 şi CCO în comparaţie cu acelaşi raport obţinut în condiţiile celei mai apropiate soluţii, ceea ce indică o mai mare eficienţă a procesului de fermentare anaerobă, care contribuie la îmbunătăţirea condiţiilor de purificare secundară anaerobă a deşeurilor organice şi a apelor uzate. Aceasta, în condiţiile cunoscute ale tehnologiei biochimice asigură un tratament mai calitativ al apelor uzate. As can be seen from the data obtained, presented in the table, the time of anaerobic fermentation of vinasse under the proposed conditions was reduced by almost 2.5 times compared to the conditions of the closest solution, the CCO and CBO5 values decreased by 1.2 and 1, respectively ,3 times. They characterize a greater intensity and efficiency of the process, which contributes to the reduction of energy and labor consumption. The ratio between CBO5 and CCO values also decreased compared to the same ratio obtained under the conditions of the closest solution, which indicates a greater efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation process, which contributes to the improvement of the conditions of secondary anaerobic purification of organic waste and water worn out. This, under the known conditions of biochemical technology, ensures a better quality treatment of waste water.
Important în acest proces este cantitatea specifică de biogaz eliminat, care este cu 16% mai mare decât în cazul procedeului cunoscut, şi conţinutul mai ridicat, cu 25%, de metan în biogaz, care este semnificativ mai mare decât în cazul altor procedee cunoscute. Acest lucru va contribui la utilizarea mai largă a procedeului pentru generarea energiilor termică şi electrică. Important in this process is the specific amount of biogas removed, which is 16% higher than in the case of the known process, and the 25% higher content of methane in the biogas, which is significantly higher than in the case of other known processes. This will contribute to the wider use of the process for the generation of thermal and electrical energy.
Astfel se asigură realizarea obiectivelor preconizate care vizează intensificarea fermentării biochimice a deşeurilor agricole, creşterea eficienţei prelucrării acestora, reducerea intensităţii energetice şi a volumului de muncă, precum şi creşterea randamentului biogazului şi a conţinutului de metan în acesta. This ensures the achievement of the expected objectives aimed at intensifying the biochemical fermentation of agricultural waste, increasing the efficiency of their processing, reducing energy intensity and the amount of work, as well as increasing the yield of biogas and its methane content.
1. Калюжный С.В. Ковалев Г.В., Михантьева Т.В. и др. Влияние на процесс метаногенеза предварительной обработки исходного сырья. Биотехнология. 1988, v. 4, №4, p. 230-232 1. Калюжный С.В. Ковалев Г.В., Михантьева Т.В. and others Influence on the methanogenesis process of the preliminary processing of the original raw material. Biotechnology. 1988, v. 4, №4, p. 230-232
2. Яковлев С.В., Карюхина Т.А. Биохимические процессы в очистке сточных вод. Москва. Стройиздат, 1980, p. 200 2. Яковлев С.В., Карюхина Т.А. Biochemical processes in cleaning waste water. Moscow. Стройиздат, 1980, p. 200
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| MD4362C1 (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2016-03-31 | Государственный Университет Молд0 | Process for producing biohydrogen and biomethane |
| MD4389C1 (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2016-07-31 | Государственный Университет Молд0 | The method of producing biomethane |
| MD20150010A2 (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2016-07-31 | Государственный Университет Молд0 | Anaerobic process for the production of biogas |
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