MD1823Z - Beech plant growth regulator - Google Patents
Beech plant growth regulatorInfo
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- MD1823Z MD1823Z MDS20230083A MDS20230083A MD1823Z MD 1823 Z MD1823 Z MD 1823Z MD S20230083 A MDS20230083 A MD S20230083A MD S20230083 A MDS20230083 A MD S20230083A MD 1823 Z MD1823 Z MD 1823Z
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Abstract
Изобретение относится к препаратам с действием природного регулятора роста растений, а именно к препарату на основе экстракта можжевельника ползучего (Juniperus sabinaL.), и может быть использовано в сельском и лесном хозяйстве.Сущность изобретения заключается в том, что в качестве природного регулятора роста предлагается препарат, который получают экстрагированием биологически активных компонентов (фенольных веществ) из надземной части растения J. sabina L. методом мацерации с 96% этиловым спиртом в соотношении 1:5 (сырье: растворитель) при температуре +22...24°С в течение 24-48 часов при постоянном перемешивании до достижения сухого остатка экстракта не менее 15%, затем экстракт фильтруют и сушат методом перегонки в вакууме на роторном испарителе при температуре 40°С, характеризующийся тем, что сухой экстракт из можжевельника казацкого (J. sabina L.) растворяется раствором этилового спирта (40%) до 20% содержания сухого остатка и проявляет регуляторную активность роста растений в диапазоне концентраций от 0,01 до 0,0001%.Технический результат изобретения заключается в расширении ассортимента природных регуляторов роста растений, экологически безвредных (прототип обладает инсектицидной активностью) и доступных для применения с точки зрения затрат.The invention relates to preparations with the action of a natural plant growth regulator, namely to a preparation based on an extract of creeping juniper (Juniperus sabina L.), and can be used in agriculture and forestry. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that a preparation is proposed as a natural growth regulator, which is obtained by extracting biologically active components (phenolic substances) from the above-ground part of the plant J. sabina L. by maceration with 96% ethyl alcohol in a ratio of 1:5 (raw materials: solvent) at a temperature of +22...24°C for 24-48 hours with constant stirring until the dry residue of the extract is at least 15%, then the extract is filtered and dried by distillation in a vacuum on a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 40°C, characterized in that the dry extract from Cossack juniper (J. sabina L.) is dissolved in a solution of ethyl alcohol (40%) to 20% dry matter content and exhibits plant growth regulatory activity in the concentration range from 0.01 to 0.0001%. The technical result of the invention consists in expanding the range of natural plant growth regulators that are environmentally friendly (the prototype has insecticidal activity) and affordable for use.
Description
Invenţia se referă la regulatori naturali de creştere a plantelor, şi anume la un preparat pe bază de extract din ienupăr târâtorJuniperus sabinaL., care poate fi aplicat în agricultură şi silvicultură. The invention relates to natural plant growth regulators, namely to a preparation based on an extract of creeping juniper Juniperus sabina L., which can be applied in agriculture and forestry.
Este cunoscut regulatorul natural de creştere a plantelor, preparatul Novosil, care se obţine prin extragerea substanţelor biologic active (compuşii triterpenici) din bradul siberian cu utilizarea eterului terţ-butilmetilic [1]. The natural plant growth regulator, Novosil, is known, which is obtained by extracting biologically active substances (triterpene compounds) from Siberian fir using tert-butyl methyl ether [1].
Dezavantajul regulatorului natural de creştere Novosil constă în aceea că pentru obţinerea acestuia sunt utilizaţi reagenţi neprietenoşi mediului şi echipamente scumpe, preparatul fiind costisitor (circa 500 lei). The disadvantage of the natural growth regulator Novosil is that environmentally unfriendly reagents and expensive equipment are used to obtain it, making the preparation expensive (about 500 lei).
Este cunoscut un regulator al germinării seminţelor de fag, care conţine soluţie de 0,001% a preparatului Genistifoliozida D pe bază de extract din plante deLinaria genistifolia(L.) Mill., utilizat pentru tratarea seminţelor de fag, care manifestă proprietăţi de regulator de creştere a plantelor [2]. A beech seed germination regulator is known, which contains a 0.001% solution of the preparation Genistifolioside D based on plant extract of Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill., used for treating beech seeds, which exhibits plant growth regulator properties [2].
Dezavantajul acestei soluţii este dificultatea de a colecta material vegetal deLinaria genistifolia(L.) Mill., care nu este cultivată, planta trebuie colectată în condiţii naturale. Pentru a face acest lucru, este necesar să se efectueze anchete de resurse, să se organizeze expediţii în locurile de creştere, care se pot schimba în funcţie de factorii biotici şi abiotici (de exemplu, în funcţie de condiţiile climatice ale anului, conservarea resurselor vegetale etc.). De asemenea, este necesar să se organizeze uscarea materiei prime colectate. The disadvantage of this solution is the difficulty of collecting plant material from Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill., which is not cultivated, the plant must be collected in natural conditions. To do this, it is necessary to conduct resource surveys, organize expeditions to growing places, which may change depending on biotic and abiotic factors (for example, depending on the climatic conditions of the year, conservation of plant resources, etc.). It is also necessary to organize the drying of the collected raw material.
Mai este cunoscut un regulator al germinării seminţelor de fag, care conţine soluţie de capsicozidă de 0,001% [3]. Capsicozida se obţine prin extragere din seminţe de ardei dulce (Capsicum annuumL.) cu alcool etilic de 70% la fierbere pe baia de apă cu refrigerent. 1 kg seminţe uscate se amestecă cu 10 litri de soluţie de 70% de alcool etilic şi se fierbe timp de 4 ore. Extractul se decantează, se adaugă 5 litri de solvent şi din nou se fierbe 4 ore. Această operaţie se repetă încă de 2 ori, după ce toate extractele alcoolice se unesc, se concentrează la temperatura de 50°C sub vid până la reziduu apos. Reziduul apos se diluează de 2 ori cu apă distilată şi se degresează cu 500 mL de cloroform de 3 ori, separând stratul apos în pâlnie de decantare. Reziduul apos după prelucrare cu cloroform se spală cu 500 mL de butanol-1 de 4 ori pentru extragerea produsului final. Extractele butanolice se evaporă până la uscat, se spală cu acetonă, sedimentul se separă prin filtrare şi se usucă la temperatura de 60°C sub vid. Another beech seed germination regulator is known, which contains a 0.001% capsicum solution [3]. Capsicum is obtained by extraction from sweet pepper seeds (Capsicum annuumL.) with 70% ethyl alcohol by boiling on a water bath with refrigerant. 1 kg of dried seeds are mixed with 10 liters of 70% ethyl alcohol solution and boiled for 4 hours. The extract is decanted, 5 liters of solvent are added and boiled again for 4 hours. This operation is repeated 2 more times, after all the alcoholic extracts are combined, it is concentrated at a temperature of 50°C under vacuum to an aqueous residue. The aqueous residue is diluted 2 times with distilled water and degreased with 500 mL of chloroform 3 times, separating the aqueous layer in a separating funnel. The aqueous residue after chloroform treatment is washed with 500 mL of 1-butanol 4 times to extract the final product. The butanol extracts are evaporated to dryness, washed with acetone, the sediment is separated by filtration and dried at 60°C under vacuum.
Dezavantajul obţinerii extractului dinCapsicum annuumL. este colectarea seminţelor cu forţă de muncă intensivă şi procesul îndelungat de obţinere a extractului din materia primă. The disadvantage of obtaining the extract from Capsicum annuum L. is the labor-intensive collection of seeds and the lengthy process of obtaining the extract from the raw material.
Este cunoscut faptul că compuşii fenolici posedă activitate antioxidantă sporită, au capacitate de a creşte imunitatea şi rezistenţa plantelor faţă de agenţii patogeni şi factorii nefavorabili ai mediului (Elisovetcaia D., Ivanova R., Gladei D., Simkova J., Brindza J. Biological activity of extracts from some species of coniferous plants. Agrobiodiversity for improving nutrition, health and life quality, 2019, 3, p. 66-80 URL: https://doi.org/10.15414/agrobiodiversity.2019.2585-8246.066-080; Zazharskyi V. V., Davydenko P. О., Kulishenko O. М., Borovik I. V., Kabar A. M., Brygadyrenko V. V. Antibacterial and fungicidal effect of ethanol extracts fromJuniperus sabinaL.,Chamaecyparis lawsoniana,Pseudotsuga menziesiiandCephalotaxus harringtonia. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 2020, 11(1), 105-109). It is known that phenolic compounds possess enhanced antioxidant activity, have the capacity to increase plant immunity and resistance to pathogens and unfavorable environmental factors (Elisovetcaia D., Ivanova R., Gladei D., Simkova J., Brindza J. Biological activity of extracts from some species of coniferous plants. Agrobiodiversity for improving nutrition, health and life quality, 2019, 3, p. 66-80 URL: https://doi.org/10.15414/agrobiodiversity.2019.2585-8246.066-080; Zazharskyi V. V., Davydenko P. О., Kulishenko O. М., Borovik I. V., Kabar A. M., Brygadyrenko V. V. Antibacterial and fungicidal effect of ethanol extracts fromJuniperus sabinaL.,Chamaecyparis lawsoniana,Pseudotsuga menziesiiand Cephalotaxus harringtonia. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 2020, 11(1), 105-109).
Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia constă în obţinerea unui preparat natural cu acţiune de regulator de creştere a plantelor, ecologic inofensiv şi accesibil pentru aplicare cu cheltuieli reduse. The problem solved by the invention consists in obtaining a natural preparation with plant growth regulator action, ecologically harmless and accessible for application at low cost.
Problema se soluţionează prin aceea că se propune un regulator de creştere a plantelor de fag, care conţine soluţie hidroalcoolică de extract de ienupăr târâtorJuniperus sabinaL. cu concentraţia de 0,01-0,0001%, obţinut prin macerarea părţii aeriene a plantei cu alcool etilic de 96% în raport de 1:5 la temperatura de +22-24°C timp de 24-48 de ore cu agitare permanentă până la atingerea unui reziduu uscat al extractului de cel puţin 15%, filtrare şi uscare prin distilare în vid la evaporator rotativ la temperatura de 40°C, dizolvarea extractului uscat cu alcool etilic de 40% până la un conţinut de reziduu uscat de 20% şi dizolvarea ulterioară cu apă. The problem is solved by proposing a beech plant growth regulator, which contains a hydroalcoholic solution of creeping juniper extractJuniperus sabina L. with a concentration of 0.01-0.0001%, obtained by macerating the aerial part of the plant with 96% ethyl alcohol in a ratio of 1:5 at a temperature of +22-24°C for 24-48 hours with permanent stirring until a dry residue of the extract of at least 15% is reached, filtration and drying by vacuum distillation in a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 40°C, dissolution of the dry extract with 40% ethyl alcohol to a dry residue content of 20% and subsequent dissolution with water.
Extractul etanolic din ienupăr târâtorJuniperus sabinaL. anterior a fost aplicat în calitate de preparat ecologic cu acţiune insecticidă, repelentă, antifidantă şi ovicidă împotriva diferitelor tipuri de insecte dăunătoare din ordineleColeopteraşiLepidoptera(Elisovetcaia D.S., Brindza J. Effect of secondary metabolitesJuniperus sabinaL. (Cupressaceae) on the survival and nutrition of caterpillarsGalleria mellonellaL. (Pyralidae). Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2018, vol. 11, nr. 6, p. 594-603). The ethanolic extract of creeping juniper Juniperus sabina L. was previously applied as an ecological preparation with insecticidal, repellent, anti-feedant and ovicidal action against various types of harmful insects from the orders Coleoptera and Lepidoptera (Elisovetcaia D.S., Brindza J. Effect of secondary metabolites Juniperus sabina L. (Cupressaceae) on the survival and nutrition of caterpillars Galleria mellonella L. (Pyralidae). Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2018, vol. 11, no. 6, p. 594-603).
Preparatul din ienupăr târâtor (J. sabina) conţine terpenoide, compuşi fenolici şi zaharuri reducătoare (Orhana N., Orhana D.D., Gökbulutb A., Aslana M., Erguna F. Comparative analysis of chemical profile, antioxidant,in vitroandin vivoantidiabetic activities ofJuniperus foetidissimaWilld. andJuniperus sabinaL. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2017, nr. 16 (Special Issue), p. 64-74). The preparation of creeping juniper (J. sabina) contains terpenoids, phenolic compounds and reducing sugars (Orhana N., Orhana D.D., Gökbulutb A., Aslana M., Erguna F. Comparative analysis of chemical profile, antioxidant, in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activities of Juniperus foetidissima Willd. and Juniperus sabinaL. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2017, no. 16 (Special Issue), p. 64-74).
Rezultatul tehnic al invenţiei constă în obţinerea unui preparat natural cu acţiune de regulator de creştere a plantelor, ecologic inofensiv şi accesibil pentru aplicare din punct de vedere al cheltuielilor. Rezultatul tehnic al invenţiei este determinat de conţinutul înalt de substanţe fenolice şi activitatea antioxidantă a preparatului propus în calitate de regulator natural de creştere. The technical result of the invention consists in obtaining a natural preparation with plant growth regulator action, ecologically harmless and affordable for application in terms of costs. The technical result of the invention is determined by the high content of phenolic substances and the antioxidant activity of the proposed preparation as a natural growth regulator.
Avantajul acestui preparat include şi disponibilitatea materiei prime deJuniperus sabinaL. Am evaluat cele mai mari suprafeţe deJuniperus sabinaL. din Republica Moldova. S-a stabilit că anual din două pepiniere din Republica Moldova (Iargora şi Teleneşti), precum şi din Grădina Botanică şi Rezervaţia Ştiinţifică Codrii, este posibil să se obţină peste 500 kg de materie primă, de la care se poate obţine până la 500 L de extract deJuniperus sabinaL. de 5% (pe baza reziduului uscat). The advantage of this preparation also includes the availability of the raw material of Juniperus sabinaL. We evaluated the largest areas of Juniperus sabinaL. in the Republic of Moldova. It was established that annually from two nurseries in the Republic of Moldova (Iargora and Teleneşti), as well as from the Botanical Garden and the Codrii Scientific Reserve, it is possible to obtain over 500 kg of raw material, from which up to 500 L of 5% (based on dry residue) extract of Juniperus sabinaL. can be obtained.
Exemplu de realizare a invenţiei Example of embodiment of the invention
Preparatul propus în calitate de regulator de creştere a plantelor de fag se obţine prin macerarea părţii aeriene a plantei de ienupăr târâtorJuniperus sabinaL. cu alcool etilic de 96% în raport de 1:5 la temperatura de +22-24°C timp de 24-48 de ore cu agitare permanentă până la atingerea unui reziduu uscat al extractului de cel puţin 15%, filtrarea şi uscarea prin distilare în vid la evaporator rotativ la temperatura de 40°C, dizolvarea extractului uscat cu alcool etilic de 40% până la un conţinut de reziduu uscat de 20% şi dizolvarea ulterioară cu apă până la concentraţia de 0,01-0,0001%. The preparation proposed as a beech plant growth regulator is obtained by macerating the aerial part of the creeping juniper plantJuniperus sabina L. with 96% ethyl alcohol in a ratio of 1:5 at a temperature of +22-24°C for 24-48 hours with permanent stirring until a dry residue of the extract of at least 15% is reached, filtering and drying by vacuum distillation in a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 40°C, dissolving the dry extract with 40% ethyl alcohol to a dry residue content of 20% and subsequent dissolution with water to a concentration of 0.01-0.0001%.
Preparatul propus conţine substanţe polifenolice 38,89±1,67 mgGAE*/g; flavonoide 8,55±0,09 mgQE**/g; acizi fenolici 13,25±0,25 mgCAE***/g determinate prin metode spectrofotometrice. (*GAE - echivalentul acidului galic; **QE - echivalentul quercetinei; ***CAE - echivalentul acidului cafeic). Activitatea antioxidantă a preparatului a fost evaluată prin metoda potenţiometrică (Elisovetscaia D., Ivanova R., Ivanisova E. ş.a. Evaluation of antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds ofJuniperus sabinafrom the Republic of Moldova and Slovakia. Program and abstracts of 2nd International Conference on the Scientific Actualities and Innovations in Horticulture SAIH-2018 “Development and technology”, Kaunas, 04-06 June 2018, p. 28-29) şi exprimată ca concentraţie inhibitoare la 50% de radicali peroxid (IC50). IC50este echivalentul a 59,19±9,77 µg/mL. The proposed preparation contains polyphenolic substances 38.89±1.67 mgGAE*/g; flavonoids 8.55±0.09 mgQE**/g; phenolic acids 13.25±0.25 mgCAE***/g determined by spectrophotometric methods. (*GAE - gallic acid equivalent; **QE - quercetin equivalent; ***CAE - caffeic acid equivalent). The antioxidant activity of the preparation was evaluated by potentiometric method (Elisovetscaia D., Ivanova R., Ivanisova E. et al. Evaluation of antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of Juniperus sabina from the Republic of Moldova and Slovakia. Program and abstracts of 2nd International Conference on the Scientific Actualities and Innovations in Horticulture SAIH-2018 “Development and technology”, Kaunas, 04-06 June 2018, p. 28-29) and expressed as inhibitory concentration at 50% of peroxide radicals (IC50). IC50 is equivalent to 59.19±9.77 µg/mL.
Preparatul pe baza extractului de ienupăr târâtorJ. sabinaL. în concentraţii de 0,01; 0,005; 0,001 şi 0,0001% se utilizează la tratarea seminţelor înainte de semănat. The preparation based on the extract of creeping juniper J. sabina L. in concentrations of 0.01; 0.005; 0.001 and 0.0001% is used for seed treatment before sowing.
Seminţele de fag (Fagus sylvaticaL.) din diverse localităţi şi diferiţi ani de colectare, şi anume Humosu-2020 (România), Hîrjauca-2021 (Republica Moldova) au fost tratate prin scufundare înainte de semănat cu preparatul pe bază de extract din ienupăr târâtorJ. sabinaL. Câte 100 de seminţe în 4 repetări au fost supuse tratării timp de 22-24 de ore la temperatura de 18-20°C cu fiecare concentraţie de preparat. În calitate de regulator de creştere clasic a fost utilizat acidul giberelic (gibberellin) în concentraţia de 0,01%, ca martor au servit seminţe de fag tratate cu apă. Seminţele de fag tratate au fost semănate în solariul Institutului de Genetică, Fiziologie şi Protecţie a Plantelor (IGFPP). Germinarea seminţelor şi creşterea plantulelor au fost monitorizate pe tot parcursul sezonului de vegetaţie (fig. 1-4). Beech seeds (Fagus sylvaticaL.) from various localities and different years of collection, namely Humosu-2020 (Romania), Hîrjauca-2021 (Republic of Moldova) were treated by immersion before sowing with the preparation based on the extract of creeping juniper J. sabinaL. 100 seeds in 4 repetitions were subjected to treatment for 22-24 hours at a temperature of 18-20°C with each concentration of the preparation. Gibberellic acid (gibberellin) was used as a classical growth regulator in a concentration of 0.01%, beech seeds treated with water served as a control. The treated beech seeds were sown in the solarium of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection (IGFPP). Seed germination and seedling growth were monitored throughout the growing season (Fig. 1-4).
Fig. 1. Dinamica germinării seminţelor de fag de provenienţă Humosu-2020 (după date de monitorizare), tratate înainte de semănat Fig. 1. Germination dynamics of beech seeds of Humosu-2020 origin (according to monitoring data), treated before sowing
S-a constatat că preparatul pe baza extractului din ienupăr târâtorJ. sabinaL. stimulează germinarea seminţelor tratate. Cantitatea totală a seminţelor germinate la fagul din Humosu-2020 tratate cu preparatul propus a fost de 1,5-2,0 ori mai mare decât la seminţele tratate cu acid giberelic şi la martor (fig. 1). Indicele de germinare a seminţelor de fag din Hîrjauca-2021 tratate cu preparat îl depăşeşte pe cel al seminţelor tratate cu apă şi acid giberelic cu 5-10% (fig. 2). It was found that the preparation based on the extract of creeping juniper J. sabina L. stimulates the germination of treated seeds. The total amount of germinated seeds in the Humosu-2020 beech treated with the proposed preparation was 1.5-2.0 times higher than in the seeds treated with gibberellic acid and the control (Fig. 1). The germination index of the Hîrjauca-2021 beech seeds treated with the preparation exceeds that of the seeds treated with water and gibberellic acid by 5-10% (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2. Dinamica germinării seminţelor de fag de provenienţă Hîrjauca-2021 (după date de monitorizare), tratate înainte de semănat Fig. 2. Germination dynamics of beech seeds from Hîrjauca-2021 (according to monitoring data), treated before sowing
Fig. 3. Dinamica creşterii plantulelor de fag de provenienţă Humosu-2020 (după date de monitorizare: □ - 20 mai; ■ - 17 iunie) din seminţe tratate înainte de semănat Fig. 3. Growth dynamics of beech seedlings of Humosu-2020 origin (according to monitoring data: □ - May 20; ■ - June 17) from seeds treated before sowing
Monitorizarea creşterii plantelor obţinute din seminţe tratate înainte de semănat a evidenţiat că efectul pozitiv al tratării seminţelor se menţine şi la dezvoltarea plantelor (fig. 3, 4). Talia plantelor de fag de provenienţă Humosu-2020în variantele tratate cu preparat a depăşit cu 0,7-3,0 cm talia plantelor-martor şi a fost mai mare decât la plantele din varianta gibberellin, în special la măsurările din 20 mai (fig. 3). De asemenea, talia plantelor de fag de provenienţă Hîrjauca-21 în variantele tratate cu preparat a depăşit cu 2,4-3,2 cm talia plantelor-martor şi a fost mai mare decât la plantele din varianta gibberellin cu 1,5-2,3 cm (fig. 4). Monitoring the growth of plants obtained from seeds treated before sowing showed that the positive effect of seed treatment is maintained during plant development (Fig. 3, 4). The height of beech plants of Humosu-2020 origin in the variants treated with the preparation exceeded the height of control plants by 0.7-3.0 cm and was higher than in the plants of the gibberellin variant, especially in the measurements on May 20 (Fig. 3). Also, the height of beech plants of Hîrjauca-21 origin in the variants treated with the preparation exceeded the height of control plants by 2.4-3.2 cm and was higher than in the plants of the gibberellin variant by 1.5-2.3 cm (Fig. 4).
Fig. 4. Dinamica creşterii plantulelor de fag de provenienţă Hîrjauca-2021 (după date de monitorizare: □ - 30 iunie 2022; ■ - 17 ianuarie 2023 ) din seminţe tratate înainte de semănat Fig. 4. Growth dynamics of beech seedlings of Hîrjauca origin-2021 (according to monitoring data: □ - June 30, 2022; ■ - January 17, 2023) from seeds treated before sowing
Aşadar, a fost demonstrat că preparatul pe bază de extract din ienupăr târâtorJ. sabinaL. în concentraţiile de 0,01; 0,005; 0,001 şi 0,0001% acţionează ca regulator natural de creştere a plantelor. Preparatul în concentraţiile propuse este ecologic, inofensiv şi accesibil pentru aplicare din punct de vedere al cheltuielilor. Therefore, it has been demonstrated that the preparation based on the extract of creeping juniper J. sabina L. in concentrations of 0.01; 0.005; 0.001 and 0.0001% acts as a natural plant growth regulator. The preparation in the proposed concentrations is ecological, harmless and affordable for application in terms of costs.
1. Граскова И.А., Кузнецова Е.В., Живетьев М.А., Чекуров В.М., Войников В.К.. Влияние обработки хвойными экстрактами на растения картофеля. Сибирский вестник сельскохозяйственной науки, 2010, №12, р. 52-58 1. Graskova I.A., Kuznetsova E.V., Zhivet'ev M.A., Chekurov V.M., Voynikov V.K.. Effect of treatment with coniferous extracts on potato plants. Сибирский вестник слежамической науки, 2010, №12, р. 52-58
2. MD 1546 Y 2021.07.31 2. MD 1546 Y 2021.07.31
3. MD 1545 Y 2021.07.31 3. MD 1545 Y 2021.07.31
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