MD1455Z - Granulated compound feed for domestic rabbits - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to a granulated combined feed for rabbits. The feed according to the invention contains: alfalfa hay flour, chopped corn, chopped wheat, chopped barley, sunflower cake, soybean meal, spirit stillage, grape pomace, limestone, premix containing vitamins, microelements and coccidiostatic, table salt, as well as the biomass of Streptomyces levoris CNMN-Ac-01.

Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, namely to a granulated feed for domestic rabbits.

The recipe for granulated feed for rabbits is known, which contains, %:

alfalfa meal 30.0 oats 11.5 wheat 10.0 sunflower cake 10.0 soybean meal 8.0 peas 7.0 table salt 0.5 vitaminized calcium 1.0 premix 2.0 fish meal 2.0 [1].

The drawback of the recipe is that rabbits are herbivores, which have difficulty digesting animal protein such as fishmeal. At the same time, fishmeal is too expensive from an economic point of view and directly affects the cost price of rabbit feed.

There is also a universal recipe for granulated feed for rabbits starting at 21 days of age, which contains,

%: corn 20.0 barley 20.0 oats 23.0 wheat bran 12.0 fodder peas 5.0 sunflower meal 6.0 milk powder 10.0 meat meal 3.5 table salt 0.5 [2].

The drawback of this recipe is the low level of carotene and cellulose in the recipe due to the lack of hay in its composition. Cellulose is indispensable as a stimulant of digestion in rabbits. Through its role as ballast, it stimulates intestinal peristalsis, being practically a regulator of digestion.

The problem solved by the present invention consists in developing a recipe for granulated combined feed with high nutritional value, which balances the intestinal microflora and combats gastrointestinal diseases that occur immediately after weaning of rabbits as a result of stress, reduces the percentage of morbidity and mortality, increases metabolic processes in the body and, respectively, weight gain, and reduces specific feed consumption.

Disclosure of the invention

The granulated combined feed for domestic rabbits solves the technical problem by containing, in %: alfalfa hay meal 34.0, crushed corn 13.0, crushed wheat 10.0, crushed barley 10.0, sunflower cake 11.0, soybean meal 8.0, alcohol dregs 6.5, limestone 1.0, table salt 0.5, grape marc 3.9, vitamin-mineral premix 2% "Iepuraş" - 2.0, Streptomyces levoris CNMN-Ac-01 biomass.

The 2% vitamin-mineral premix "Iepuraş" contains, per 1 kg: vitamin A 350,000 IU, vitamin D3 65,000 IU, vitamin E 550 mg, vitamin K3 55 mg, vitamin B1 150 mg, vitamin B2 250 mg, vitamin B3 350 mg, vitamin B4 15,000 mg, vitamin B5 750 mg, vitamin B6 20 mg, vitamin H 2.5 mg, vitamin B12 1 mg, vitamin C 500 mg, iron 1,000 mg, manganese 200 mg, zinc 1,250 mg, copper 200 mg, cobalt 25 mg, iodine 50 mg, antioxidant 10,000 mg, selenium 7 mg, methionine 7,000 mg, calcium 80 mg, phosphorus 50 mg and coccidiostat [Coşman S., Nițileac E. et al. Increasing the nutritional value of concentrates by using feed additives from "Medicamentum". Recommendations. Merenii Noi, 2012, p. 70].

Advantages of the invention

Feeding domestic rabbits with the proposed combined granulated feed contributes to:

- increase in body mass during the growth period by 6.30%, from 1860.60 g to 1978.20 g;

- reducing the specific consumption of combined feed necessary to produce one kg of growth by 25.32%, from 4.70 kg to 3.51 kg;

- increasing the bone-to-meat ratio at slaughter from 1:2.60 to 1:3.43;

- the amount of protein in meat increases from 18.99 to 19.19%;

- the amount of fat decreases from 5.47% to 4.76%;

- obtaining a net profit from each rabbit produced in the amount of 9.06 lei.

The efficient use of grape pomace in the composition of granulated combined feed for rabbits contributes to the reduction of ecological problems arising from the accumulation of this residue. Grape pomace is considered not only a potential source of nutrients but also a powerful natural antioxidant.

The content of macro and microelements in grape pomace (with natural humidity) is presented in table 1.

Table 1

Indices Content Са, g/kg 6.25 Mg, g/kg 0.93 P, g/kg 1.93 Fe, mg/kg 1166.5 Mn, mg/kg 21.5 Zn, mg/kg 24.5 Cu, mg/kg 32.4

The biomass of Streptomyces levoris CNMN-Ac-01 was included in the granulated compound feed recipe in order to increase the resistance of rabbits to various infections and to exclude the use of antibiotics to treat diseases, thus increasing the economic profit of the economic agent.

Example of embodiment of the invention

To assess the effect of implementing the new granulated combined feed for feeding rabbits, an experiment was conducted involving two batches of rabbits, 5 heads each (table 2). The peculiarities of the diet during the experimental period consisted in the fact that the rabbits in the experimental batch I were fed with granulated combined feed produced according to recipe no. 1, and the animals in the experimental batch II - according to recipe no. 2 (table 3).

Table 2

The scheme of experience

Batch Number of animals (n) Age at the beginning of the experiment, days Duration of the experiment, days Nutritional characteristics Experimental I 5 45 78 Recipe no. 1 Experimental II 5 45 78 Recipe no. 2

The structure of the granulated compound feed recipes used in the experiment are presented in Table 3.

Table 3

No. Ingredients Recipe no. 1, Experimental batch I Recipe no. 2, Experimental batch II 1 alfalfa hay meal 34.0 34.0 2 crushed corn 13.1 13.0 3 crushed wheat 10.0 10.0 4 crushed barley 10.0 10.0 5 sunflower cake 11.0 11.0 6 soybean meal 8.0 8.0 7 alcohol pomace 6.5 6.5 8 grape pomace 3.9 3.9 9 vitamin-mineral premix 2% "Iepuraş" 2.0 2.0 10 Limestone 1.0 1.0 11 table salt 0.5 0.5 12 Streptomyces levoris biomass CNMN-Ac-01 - 0.1

During the experiment, rabbits from both groups had free access to combined granulated feed and water.

The chemical composition indices of the compound feed recipes are presented in Table 4.

Table 4

Indicators For experimental batch I For experimental batch II moisture,% raw 7.91 7.94 hygroscopic 3.52 3.79 total 11.15 11.43 dry matter (DM), % 88.85 88.57 nitrogen, % in DM 3.01 2.94 in absolute dry matter 3.12 3.06 with natural moisture 2.77 2.31 crude protein, (CP) % in DM 18.81 18.38 in absolute dry matter 19.50 19.10 with moisture natural 17.32 16.92 g/kg 173.22 169.21 digestible protein, g/kg 124.72 121.83 crude fat, (GB) % in SU 2.55 2.39 in absolute dry matter 2.64 2.48 with natural moisture 2.35 2.20 g/kg 23.48 22.00 crude cellulose, (ClB) % in SU 16.65 18.61 in absolute dry matter 17.25 19.34 with natural moisture 15.33 17.13 g/kg 153.33 171.32 crude ash, (CB) % in SU 8.14 8.68 in absolute dry matter 8.44 9.02 with natural moisture natural 7.50 7.99 nitrogenous extractives, (SEN) % in SU 50.33 48.16 in absolute dry matter 52.16 50.05 with natural moisture 46.35 44.23 nutritional units, (NU) with natural moisture 0.72 0.70 metabolizable energy, (ME), MJ/kg in SU 10.58 10.31 with natural moisture 8.67 8.43 Ca, % 1.44 1.57 P, % 0.40 0.37

Metabolized energy, crude protein and crude fat in the feed for experimental group I and experimental group II were 10.58 and 10.31 MJ/kg; 19.50 and 19.10%; 2.64 and 2.48%, respectively.

As a result of the chemical analysis of the granulated combined feed recipes No. 1 and No. 2, insignificant differences in the quantity of the indicators were found.

So, the developed granulated combined feed recipes will provide rabbits with the necessary UN, PB, cellulose, carotene, Ca and P for the vital activity of the animals and to obtain high-quality dietary meat.

As a result of studying the microbiological composition of the feeds used in the experiment, it was found that the addition of Streptomyces levoris CNMN-Ac-01 biomass improves the sanitary condition of the granulated combined feed by reducing the quantity of conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms.

The granulated combined feed according to recipe no. 2 with the addition of Streptomyces levoris CNMN-Ac-01 biomass intensified protein metabolism in the rabbit body, indicating an increase in protein and albumin synthesis in the blood serum of the animals in the respective experimental group by 14.52% (P<0.01) and 12.00% (table 5) compared to that in the blood of the animals in experimental group I.

At the end of the experiment, compared to the initial indicators, in the blood plasma of rabbits from experimental group I the amount of protein and albumin increased by 25.66 and 55.13%, respectively, and in the plasma of those from experimental group II - by 43.92 and 73.75%.

Comparing the initial and end-of-experiment data of urea and creatinine content, it was found that in the blood plasma of rabbits from experimental group I, they decreased by 4.17 and 39.64%, respectively, and in that of rabbits from experimental group II, they increased by 25.00 and 86.97%, respectively.

It was found that, during the period of intensive growth of rabbits, the creatinine level was 3.10 times higher in the blood plasma of rabbits from experimental group II (P<0.01) compared to those from experimental group I.

Table 5

Results of biochemical analyses of rabbit blood

Specification Initially, 45 days End of experiment Experimental group I Experimental group II protein, g/l 30.90±1.76 38.83±0.48 44.47±3.52** albumin, g/l 20.95±1.68 32.50±1.55 36.40±4.44 creatinine, mmol/l 89.80±10.71 54.20±4.55 167.90±48.23** urea, mmol/l 0.48±0.07 0.46±0.09 0.60±0.10 amylase, ME/l 55.32±18.75 76.00±11.05 129.00±28.26** glucose, mmol/l 4.35±0.44 7.89±0.58 5.76±0.69** triglycerides, mmol/l 1.16±0.15 0.25±0.06 0.53±0.04*** cholesterol, mg/dl 184.33±14.19 14.62±0.51 35.48±4.26*** alkaline phosphatase, ME/l 7.17±0.61 37.33±13.72 87.33±29.33** Ca, mmol/l 7.24±2.81 2.93±0.79 3.17±0.24 P, mmol/l 1.78±0.11 0.76±0.13 0.59±0.12 Fe, mmol/l 0.49±0.10 0.30±0.19 0.39±0.22 Mg 1.34±0.11 0.31±0.19 0.42±0.14

Note: **-P<0.01; ***- P<0.001

Until the age of 45 days, the rabbits were breastfed, and the doe's milk contains 12.00% fat, therefore during this period a high level of triglycerides was found - 1.16±0.15 mmol/l and cholesterol 184.33±14.19 mg/dl. Subsequently, after the rabbits were weaned and switched to granulated feed, the fat intake in the ration constituted 2.64% for the rabbits in experimental group I and 2.48% for those in experimental group II (table 4), respectively, and the level of triglycerides in the blood plasma decreased by 4.64 times and 2.19 times, respectively. Along with the decrease in the level of triglycerides, the cholesterol level also decreased, by 12.61 times and 5.20 times, respectively. At the same time, the metabolism of triglycerides and cholesterol was more intense in rabbits from experimental group II, respectively 2.12 times (P<0.001) and 2.43 times (P<0.001).

The significant increase in the amount of alkaline phosphatase (5.21 times in the blood plasma of rabbits from experimental group I and 12.18 times - in those from experimental group II), at the end of the experiment, can be explained by the intensification of bone metabolism, the rabbits being growing.

Regarding the microbiological composition of rabbit hard droppings, it was found that the streptomycetes biomass contributed to the significant reduction of some microorganisms and a total loyalty towards Bacillus spp. and NTG (total germ count), which during the experiment oscillated quantitatively within the limit of 108 CFU/g.

Table 6

Microbiological composition of rabbit hard droppings

Indicators, CFU/g Initially, 45 days End of the experiment Experimental group I Experimental group II NTG 1.24±0.38×108 3.47±1.56×107 3.87±1.92×108** E. coli 4.95±1.34×107 2.73±1.21×105 1.20±1.13×103** Enterococcus spp. 4.08±1.03×106 1.63±1.03×105 1.43±1.22×103** Clostridium spp. 6.60±4.16×108 1.41±0.87×106 4.40±2.45×105 Lactobacillus spp. 1.86±0.70×107 3.12±1.07×104 3.00±1.57×102*** Bifidobacterium spp. 5.84±1.64×108 4.47±2.25×107 3.30±1.87×107 Bacillus spp. 5.06±3.01×108 2.43±1.02×107 3.30±1.05×108*** Fungi 2.19±0.79×107 10-1-0 10-1-0

Note: **-P<0.01; ***- P<0.001

Thus, the amount of E. coli decreased from 4.95±1.34×107 CFU/g to 1.20±1.13×103 CFU/g (P<0.01) in the feces of rabbits from experimental group II. Enterococcus spp. decreased quantitatively from 4.08±1.03×106 CFU/g to 1.43±1.22×103 CFU/g (P<0.01) in the feces of rabbits from experimental group II and Lactobacillus spp. from 1.86±0.70×107 CFU/g to 3.00±1.57×102 CFU/g (P<0.001) (table 6).

The amount of fungi in rabbit feces initially amounted to 2.19±0.79×107 CFU/g, and at the end of the experiment, no fungal colonies were found in all feces samples at a dilution of 10-1.

Evidence of feed consumption during the experimental period demonstrated an essential difference between the groups.

During the experiment, the rabbits in experimental group I consumed 8.75 kg/head of feed, and those in experimental group II - 6.95 kg/head of feed, therefore, 20.57% less (table 7).

Table 7

Consumption of granulated feed by rabbits during the experiment

Specification Experimental group I Experimental group II Consumption of granulated feed during the experiment, kg/head 8.75 6.95 Consumption of granulated feed during the experiment, g/day 110.02 90.26

Analyzing feed consumption (table 7) in relation to weight gain (table 8), it can be noted that to obtain one kg of weight gain, the rabbits in experimental group I consumed 4.70 kg of combined feed according to recipe no. 1, and those in experimental group II - 3.51 kg of granulated feed according to recipe no. 2 or 25.32% less.

The assessment of the growth rate of young rabbits was carried out based on individual weighing of the animals at the end of each week and, as a result, it was observed that the dynamics of body mass in each batch manifested itself differently (table 8).

Table 8

Dynamics of body mass of rabbits during the experiment, g

Age, days Experimental group I Experimental group II 45 930.00±17.30 939.00±9.03 52 1240.0±41.36 1191.00±37.03** 60 1473.00±61.85 1439.00±31.04 67 1518.00±76.92 1639.00±63.31** 75 1704.00±62.68 1902.00±54.22** 82 1891.00±58.60 2078.00±65.91** 90 2103.00±59.29 2292.00±70.40** 97 2264.00±45.35 2442.00±78.22** 104 2349.00±38.64 2526.00±61.92** 111 2599.00±53.27 2786.00±54.70** 118 2744.00±52.64 2891.00±50.45** 125 2790.80±47.70 2917.20±29.58** Increase per period, g 1860.80 1978.20

Note: *-P˂0.01; **-P˂0.001

During the experiment, the rabbits in experimental group I gained 1860.80 g in weight, and those in experimental group II - 1978.20 g or 6.31% more.

Meat is made up of water and dry matter, so its quality is primarily defined by the water/dry matter ratio. For good quality rabbit meat, this ratio should be 3/1.

The water/dry matter ratio in rabbits from experimental group I was 2.86/1, and in experimental group II - 3.04/1 (table 9).

However, excessive fat content reduces the nutritional quality of meat, as it leads to a decrease in the protein percentage, which was demonstrated in the experimental results (table 9).

Table 9

Chemical composition of rabbit meat and bone:meat ratio in the carcass

Indicators Experimental group I Experimental group II Water, % 74.07±0.35 75.22±0.91 Dry matter, % 25.93±0.35 24.78±0.91 Fat, % 5.47±0.42 4.76±0.60 Protein, % 18.99±0.08 19.19±0.21 Collagen, % 1.30±0.03 1.31±0.05 Bone:meat ratio in carcass 1:2.60 1:3.43

The meat from the rabbit carcasses in experimental group II contained 12.98% less fat compared to that in experimental group I.

Analyzing the values of the indicators in Table 9, a higher protein content and a juicier quality were found in the case of meat from experimental batch II.

The calculation of the economic efficiency of using granulated combined feed according to recipes No. 1 and 2 in feeding young rabbits was carried out based on official accounting data of the ISPBZMV (table 10).

If these rabbits had been produced, then the production price of a rabbit from experimental batch I would have been 279.08 lei, and of one from experimental batch II - 291.72 lei. Taking into account the difference of 3.58 lei in the cost of the combined feed according to recipes no. 1 and 2, a net profit of 9.06 lei can be obtained from each rabbit produced. Given the fact that the biomass of Streptomyces levoris CNMN-Ac-01 was produced, for experimental purposes, in a small quantity, its cost price significantly influenced the cost of the combined granulated feed. With the considerations of producing a larger quantity of biomass, respectively, the price of the combined granulated feed will also decrease and a higher profit will be obtained from each rabbit produced.

Table 10

Economic indicators

Indicators Experimental batch I Experimental batch II Difference LexII - Lex I Cost of 1.0 kg of granulated combined feed, lei 4.65 6.37 +1.72 Cost of granulated combined feed: lei/head/day lei/head/period 0.51 40.69 0.57 44.27 +0.06 +3.58 Average body weight of a rabbit at the end of the experiment, g 2790.80 2917.20 +126.4 Price for 1.0 kg of live weight, lei 100.00 100.00 Price of a rabbit obtained, lei 279.08 291.72 +12.64 Gross profit per head, lei 12.64 Net profit per head, lei 9.06

We believe that granulated combined feed for feeding domestic rabbits with the addition of special (non-traditional) ingredients represents a promising nutritional solution for raising rabbits.

1. Şumanschii A., Macari A. and al. Semi-intensive and intensive technologies for breeding and exploitation of domestic rabbits. Recommendations. Chisinau, 2011, Print-Caro, p.22

2. Feeding rabbits with granulated feed. 2017, Found Internet: https://granulator.ro/granulator-furaje-iepuri/

Claims (2)

1. Granulated compound feed for domestic rabbits, containing, in %: alfalfa hay meal 34.0 crushed corn 13.0 crushed wheat 10.0 crushed barley 10.0 sunflower cake 11.0 soybean meal 8.0 alcohol pomace 6.5 grape marc 3.9 premix containing vitamins, microelements and coccidiostat 2.0 limestone 1.0 table salt 0.5 Streptomyces levoris biomass CNMN-Ac-01 0.1 2. Feed according to claim 1, wherein the premix contains, per 1 kg: vitamin A 350000 IU, vitamin D3 65000 IU, vitamin E 550 mg, vitamin K3 55 mg, vitamin B1 150 mg, vitamin B2 250 mg, vitamin B3 350 mg, vitamin B4 15000 mg, vitamin B5 750 mg, vitamin B6 20 mg, vitamin H 2.5 mg, vitamin B12 1 mg, vitamin C 500 mg, iron 1000 mg, manganese 200 mg, zinc 1250 mg, copper 200 mg, cobalt 25 mg, iodine 50 mg, antioxidant 10000 mg, selenium 7 mg, methionine 7000 mg, calcium 80 mg, phosphorus 50 mg and coccidiostat.