MD1164Z - Composition and process for feeding and deparasitizing pheasants - Google Patents
Composition and process for feeding and deparasitizing pheasants Download PDFInfo
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- MD1164Z MD1164Z MDS20170018A MDS20170018A MD1164Z MD 1164 Z MD1164 Z MD 1164Z MD S20170018 A MDS20170018 A MD S20170018A MD S20170018 A MDS20170018 A MD S20170018A MD 1164 Z MD1164 Z MD 1164Z
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- pheasants
- composition
- feeding
- deworming
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Abstract
Invenţia se referă la protecţia faunei cinegetice, şi anume la o compoziţie şi un procedeu de alimentare şi deparazitare a fazanilor.Compoziţia, conform invenţiei, conţine, în %: porumb 10,0…50,0, floarea-soarelui 10,0…50,0, ovăz 10,0…30,0, grâu 10,0…30,0, făină de soia 3,5…7,7, clorură de natriu 0,25…0,45, preparat ce conţine 10 mg/ml de ivermectină 0,18…0,42, premix ce conţine carbonat de calciu, fosfat monocalcic, metionină, lizină, oligoelemente, vitamine, coccidiostatic şi antioxidant 0,15…0,42, dextrină 0,50…2,5.Procedeul, conform invenţiei, prevede administrarea la fazani a compoziţiei menţionate, în doză de 200 g/fazan, câte o singură dată în perioada de iarnă şi primăvara în perioada prereproductivă.The invention relates to the protection of the hunting fauna, namely to a composition and a process for feeding and debasing pheasants. The composition, according to the invention, contains, in%: maize 10.0 ... 50.0, sunflower 10.0 ... 50 , 0, oats 10.0 ... 30.0, wheat 10.0 ... 30.0, soybean flour 3.5 ... 7.7, sodium chloride 0.25 ... 0.45, preparation containing 10 mg / ml of ivermectin 0.18 ... 0.42, premix containing calcium carbonate, monocalcium phosphate, methionine, lysine, trace elements, vitamins, coccidiostatic and antioxidant 0.15 ... 0.42, dextrin 0.50 ... 2.5. according to the invention, it provides for the administration to the pheasants of said composition, in a dose of 200 g / pheasant, once in the winter and spring in the prereproductive period.
Description
Invenţia se referă la protecţia faunei cinegetice, şi anume la o compoziţie şi un procedeu de alimentare şi deparazitare a fazanilor. The invention relates to the protection of hunting fauna, namely to a composition and a process for feeding and deworming pheasants.
Invenţia poate fi utilizată pe larg în practica de deparazitare a acestora atât în condiţii naturale, cât şi în gospodăriile de reproducere, crescătorii, grădini zoologice. The invention can be widely used in the practice of deworming them both in natural conditions and in breeding farms, breeders, zoos.
Pe plan mondial, carnea de pasăre ocupă o poziţie foarte importantă între alimentele de origine animală datorită calităţilor nutritive, cât şi a costurilor reduse în comparaţie cu alte surse de proteine de origine animală. Ea conţine o cantitate mică de colesterol, toţi aminoacizii necesari alimentaţiei omului şi constituie o sursă bogată de săruri minerale şi vitamine. Worldwide, poultry meat occupies a very important position among animal foods due to its nutritional qualities and low cost compared to other sources of animal protein. It contains a small amount of cholesterol, all the amino acids necessary for human nutrition and is a rich source of mineral salts and vitamins.
Carnea de fazan, alături de cea de prepeliţă, este o carne dietetică, foarte solicitată pe piaţă. Carnea fazanului vânat în populaţiile naturale are o fibră musculară mai fină, însă în general mai compactă decât la animalele domestice, ţesutul conjunctiv dintre fibrele musculare şi fasciculele musculare este mai puţin dezvoltat, grăsimea este în cantităţi reduse şi graţie troficii foarte variate are o valoare biologică net superioară celor din crescătorii. Pheasant meat, along with quail meat, is a dietary meat, highly sought after on the market. Pheasant meat hunted in natural populations has a finer muscle fiber, but generally more compact than that of domestic animals, the connective tissue between muscle fibers and muscle fascicles is less developed, fat is in small quantities and thanks to the very varied trophicity it has a biological value significantly superior to that of farmed meat.
Cele mai frecvent întâlnite maladii la animalele sălbatice sunt ecto- şi endoparazitozele, care provoacă prejudicii esenţiale faunei cinegetice. Elaborarea procedeelor de deparazitare şi alimentare suplimentară a fazanilor constituie o problemă importantă fundamentală şi, mai ales, aplicativă, deoarece păsările sălbatice, în special fazanii, sunt gazde definitive în ciclul de dezvoltare a diverselor specii de paraziţi care, la rândul lor, sunt periculoşi atât pentru om, cât şi pentru animalele domestice. Este cunoscut faptul că maladiile parazitare nu numai că reţin creşterea şi dezvoltarea animalelor infestate, dar pot duce şi la moartea acestora atât direct prin apariţia unor maladii, cât şi indirect prin slăbirea sau epuizarea organismului şi mărirea riscului de capturare a acestora de către răpitori. La animalele infestate, în ficat şi ţesutul muscular se produc modificări considerabile în conţinutul de vitamine, micro- şi macroelemente care influenţează semnificativ calitatea acestor produse (Erhan D. 1998, 2009, Zamornea M., 2009). The most common diseases in wild animals are ecto- and endoparasites, which cause significant damage to the hunting fauna. The development of deworming and supplementary feeding procedures for pheasants is an important fundamental and, above all, applied problem, because wild birds, especially pheasants, are definitive hosts in the development cycle of various species of parasites which, in turn, are dangerous for both humans and domestic animals. It is known that parasitic diseases not only inhibit the growth and development of infested animals, but can also lead to their death both directly through the appearance of diseases and indirectly through the weakening or exhaustion of the body and increasing the risk of their capture by predators. In infested animals, considerable changes occur in the content of vitamins, micro- and macroelements in the liver and muscle tissue, which significantly influence the quality of these products (Erhan D. 1998, 2009, Zamornea M., 2009).
Măsurile îndreptate spre mărirea numerică a efectivului de fazani din populaţiile naturale urmează a fi complexe, incluzând măsuri de combatere a faunei ecto- şi endoparazitare şi alimentarea suplimentară a acestora, care au o însemnătate deosebită atât în condiţii naturale de iarnă, când totul în jur este acoperit cu zăpadă, cât şi primăvara devreme în perioada prereproductivă a fazanilor, când aceştia au o insuficienţă de hrană. The measures aimed at increasing the number of pheasants in natural populations are to be complex, including measures to combat ecto- and endoparasitic fauna and their additional feeding, which are of particular importance both in natural winter conditions, when everything around is covered with snow, and in early spring during the pre-reproductive period of pheasants, when they have a food shortage.
Ca rezultat al cercetărilor parazitologice efectuate de către cercetătorii Laboratorului de Parazitologie şi Helmintologie, precum şi Grupului Interdepartamental de Cinegetică al Laboratorului de Teriologie, Herpetologie şi Paleozoologie al Institutului de Zoologie al AŞM în fondurile de vânătoare din raioanele Ialoveni şi mun. Chişinău ale Republicii Moldova a fost pus în evidenţă un nivel înalt de infestare a fazanilor cu diverşi agenţi endoparazitari, cum ar fi: Ascaridia spp - 88,3%, Capillaria spp. - 22,5%, Prosthogonimus ovatus - 11,4%, Singamus trahea - 11,7%, Trichostrongylus sp. - 20,4%, iar cu specia Heterakis gallinarum în 19,4% cazuri. As a result of parasitological research carried out by researchers of the Laboratory of Parasitology and Helminthology, as well as the Interdepartmental Group of Cinegetics of the Laboratory of Teriology, Herpetology and Paleozoology of the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Medical Sciences in the hunting grounds of the Ialoveni districts and Chisinau municipality of the Republic of Moldova, a high level of infestation of pheasants with various endoparasitic agents was highlighted, such as: Ascaridia spp - 88.3%, Capillaria spp. - 22.5%, Prosthogonimus ovatus - 11.4%, Singamus trachea - 11.7%, Trichostrongylus sp. - 20.4%, and with the species Heterakis gallinarum in 19.4% of cases.
În urma investigaţiilor ectoparazitologice efectuate la fazani în diverse biotopuri ale Republicii Moldova s-a stabilit că aceştia sunt poliparazitaţi cu o gamă largă de diverse specii de ectoparaziţi: 8 specii de malofagi (Cuclotogaster cinereus, Goniocotes chrysocephalus, Goniodes colchici, Eomenacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Goniocotes gallinae, Goniodes dissimilis, Lipeurus caponis), 2 specii de purici (Ceratophylus gallinae, Ceratophylus hirundinis) şi 3 specii de acarieni parazitiformi (Dermanyssus gallinae, Dermanyssus hirundinis). S-a constatat că majoritatea speciilor de ectoparaziţi depistaţi la fazan sunt comuni şi pentru speciile de păsări domestice (găini, curci ş.a.), astfel studiul structurii poliparazitismului malofagian înregistrat la fazani include 3 specii de paraziţi specifici păsărilor domestice (Cuclotogaster cinereus, Goniocotes chrysocephalus, Goniodes colchici) şi 5 specii comune păsărilor domestice. Deci, este esenţial rolul epizootic al fazanilor în menţinerea şi diseminarea în natură a agenţilor parazitari. Following ectoparasitological investigations carried out on pheasants in various biotopes of the Republic of Moldova, it was established that they are polyparasitized with a wide range of different species of ectoparasites: 8 species of malophagous (Cuclotogaster cinereus, Goniocotes chrysocephalus, Goniodes colchici, Eomenacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Goniocotes gallinae, Goniodes dissimilis, Lipeurus caponis), 2 species of fleas (Ceratophylus gallinae, Ceratophylus hirundinis) and 3 species of parasitic mites (Dermanyssus gallinae, Dermanyssus hirundinis). It was found that most of the species of ectoparasites detected in pheasants are also common to domestic bird species (chickens, turkeys, etc.), thus the study of the structure of malophagous polyparasitism recorded in pheasants includes 3 species of parasites specific to domestic birds (Cuclotogaster cinereus, Goniocotes chrysocephalus, Goniodes colchici) and 5 species common to domestic birds. Therefore, the epizootic role of pheasants in the maintenance and dissemination of parasitic agents in nature is essential.
Aceşti paraziţi duc la scăderea considerabilă a sporului în masă, ouatului şi a calităţii penajului fazanilor, iar adesea la moartea lor, provocând astfel prejudicii considerabile faunei cinegetice. These parasites lead to a considerable decrease in the mass gain, egg production and plumage quality of pheasants, and often to their death, thus causing considerable damage to the hunting fauna.
Este cunoscut procedeul de profilaxie şi tratament al ectoparazitozei la găini, care constă în tratarea găinilor prin pulverizare cu o soluţie apoasă de 3% de extract, obţinut prin extracţie hidroalcoolică din părţile aeriene ale romaniţei dalmaţiene Pyrethrum cinerariifolium Trev. cu uscare ulterioară, în doză de 50 ml la o găină, totodată pentru profilaxie tratarea se efectuează într-o repriză, iar pentru tratament în două reprize cu un interval de 14 zile [1]. The procedure for the prophylaxis and treatment of ectoparasitism in chickens is known, which consists of treating chickens by spraying with a 3% aqueous solution of extract, obtained by hydroalcoholic extraction from the aerial parts of the Dalmatian pyrethrum cinerariifolium Trev. with subsequent drying, in a dose of 50 ml per chicken, while for prophylaxis the treatment is carried out in one session, and for treatment in two sessions with an interval of 14 days [1].
Totodată, este cunoscut un procedeu de combatere a endoparaziţilor la fazani, care prevede administrarea preparatelor antiparazitare: piperazin 0,2 g/kg, fenotiazin 0,4g/kg etc [2]. At the same time, a procedure for combating endoparasites in pheasants is known, which involves the administration of antiparasitic preparations: piperazine 0.2 g/kg, phenothiazine 0.4 g/kg, etc. [2].
În literatura de specialitate nu sunt descrise procedee combinate de combatere a ectoparaziţilor şi a endoparaziţilor la fazani, concomitent cu alimentarea suplimentară a acestora în condiţii de iarnă şi primăvara devreme în perioada prereproductivă a fazanilor, când există o insuficinţă de hrană. Administrarea preparatelor antiparazitare cu premixul şi hrana complementară echilibrată valoric unui anumit efectiv de fazani favorizează deparazitarea efectivă a lor. The literature does not describe combined procedures for controlling ectoparasites and endoparasites in pheasants, along with their additional feeding in winter and early spring conditions during the pre-reproductive period of pheasants, when there is a food shortage. The administration of antiparasitic preparations with the premix and balanced complementary food to a certain flock of pheasants favors their effective deworming.
Ca rezultat al cercetării situaţiei parazitare la fazanii din populaţiile naturale s-a stabilit că nivelul de infestare endoparazitară a acetora cu Ascaridia spp. este de 88,3%, Capillaria spp. - 22,5%, Singamus trahea - 11,7, la fazanii cercetaţi în proporţie de 11,7%, Trichostrongylus sp. a fost depistată la 20,4%, iar specia Heterakis gallinarum - la 19,4%. As a result of the research on the parasitic situation in pheasants from natural populations, it was established that the level of endoparasitic infestation of these pheasants with Ascaridia spp. is 88.3%, Capillaria spp. - 22.5%, Singamus trachea - 11.7, in the pheasants investigated in a proportion of 11.7%, Trichostrongylus sp. was detected in 20.4%, and the species Heterakis gallinarum - in 19.4%.
De asemenea, la fazani s-a stabilit un nivel înalt de infestare cu coccidii: Eimeria phasiani -45,5%, E. duodenalis - 65,2%, E. maxima - 34,7%, E. brunetti - 18,5%, iar cu E. tenella - 15,2%. Also, a high level of coccidia infestation was established in pheasants: Eimeria phasiani -45.5%, E. duodenalis - 65.2%, E. maxima - 34.7%, E. brunetti - 18.5%, and with E. tenella - 15.2%.
Aşadar, fazanii cercetaţi, atât în perioada de iarnă, cât şi de primăvară - perioada prereproductivă, se aflau nu numai într-o insuficienţă de hrană, vitamine, microelemente, dar aveau şi un nivel înalt de infestare cu ecto- şi endoparaziţi. Therefore, the pheasants studied, both in winter and spring - the pre-reproductive period, were not only deficient in food, vitamins, and microelements, but also had a high level of infestation with ecto- and endoparasites.
Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia constă în elaborarea unei compoziţii pentru hrănirea şi deparazitarea fazanilor şi a unui procedeu eficace, inofensiv, relativ ieftin şi simplu de deparazitare complexă, acestea asigurând simultan hrănirea suplimentară şi deparazitarea fazanilor în perioada rece a anului. The problem solved by the invention consists in developing a composition for feeding and deworming pheasants and an effective, harmless, relatively cheap and simple complex deworming process, which simultaneously ensure additional feeding and deworming of pheasants during the cold season.
Compoziţia propusă, conform invenţiei, conţine, în %: porumb 10,0…50,0, floarea-soarelui 10,0…50,0, ovăz 10,0…30,0, grâu 10,0…30,0, făină de soia 3,5…7,7, clorură de natriu 0,25…0,45, preparat ce conţine 10 mg/ml de ivermectină 0,18…0,42 (în continuare Ivermec OR), premix ce conţine carbonat de calciu, fosfat monocalcic, metionină, lizină, oligoelemente, vitamine, coccidiostatic şi antioxidant 0,15…0,42, dextrină 0,50…2,5. The proposed composition, according to the invention, contains, in %: corn 10.0…50.0, sunflower 10.0…50.0, oats 10.0…30.0, wheat 10.0…30.0, soybean meal 3.5…7.7, sodium chloride 0.25…0.45, preparation containing 10 mg/ml of ivermectin 0.18…0.42 (hereinafter Ivermec OR), premix containing calcium carbonate, monocalcium phosphate, methionine, lysine, trace elements, vitamins, coccidiostat and antioxidant 0.15…0.42, dextrin 0.50…2.5.
Procedeul, conform invenţiei, prevede administrarea la fazani a compoziţiei menţionate, în doză de 200 g/fazan, câte o singură dată în perioada de iarnă şi primăvara în perioada prereproductivă. The method, according to the invention, provides for the administration of the said composition to pheasants, in a dose of 200 g/pheasant, once in the winter and in the spring during the pre-reproductive period.
Premixul 2% broiler creştere are următoarea componenţă: calciu 21,5%, fosfor disponibil -14,5%, Mg 0,5%, Na 4,7%, vit. A 551000 I.E., vit. D3 250000 I.E., vit. E 2812 mg/kg, vit. K3 152,0 mg/kg; vit. B1 121,6 mg/kg, vit. B2 304,0 mg/kg, vit. B6 190,0 mg/kg, vit. B12 908,0 mcg/kg, colină 45000 mg/kg, acid nicotinic 3300 mg/kg, acid pantotenic 884,0 mg/kg, acid folic 76,0 mg/kg, biotina 7600 mcg/kg, zinc 3840 mg/kg, fier 3840 mg/kg, cupru 285,0 mg/kg, mangan 4,800 mg/kg, iod 47,5 mg/kg, seleniu 7,5 mg/kg, metionină 3,0%, antioxidant, coccidiostatic (Robenidină). The 2% broiler growth premix has the following composition: calcium 21.5%, available phosphorus -14.5%, Mg 0.5%, Na 4.7%, vit. A 551000 I.E., vit. D3 250000 I.E., vit. E 2812 mg/kg, vit. K3 152.0 mg/kg; vit. B1 121.6 mg/kg, vit. B2 304.0 mg/kg, vit. B6 190.0 mg/kg, vit. B12 908.0 mcg/kg, choline 45000 mg/kg, nicotinic acid 3300 mg/kg, pantothenic acid 884.0 mg/kg, folic acid 76.0 mg/kg, biotin 7600 mcg/kg, zinc 3840 mg/kg, iron 3840 mg/kg, copper 285.0 mg/kg, manganese 4,800 mg/kg, iodine 47.5 mg/kg, selenium 7.5 mg/kg, methionine 3.0%, antioxidant, coccidiostat (Robenidine).
Preparatul Ivermec OR conţine într-un 1 ml următoarele substanţe active: ivermectină 10 mg şi tocoferol acetat (vit. E) 40 mg, substanţe adjuvante: dimetilacetamid -400 mg, polietilenglicol-660-hidroxisterat 150 mg, alcool benzilic 10 mg şi soluţie fiziologică până la 1 ml. Acesta este de origine chimică, activ faţă de căpuşe, păduchi malofagi, purici, ploşniţe, acarieni ai pielii şi penelor - râia picioarelor (Cnemidocoptes mutans), râia deplumantă a corpului (Cnemidocoptes levis) şi râia laminasioptică (Laminasioptes cisticola) cu localizare în ţesutul conjunctiv subcutanat şi muşchi. Produsul are acţiune şi asupra viermilor nematozi: Ascaridia spp., Capillaria spp., Syngamus tracheae Trichostrongylus spp., Heterakis gallinarum etc. The preparation Ivermec OR contains in 1 ml the following active substances: ivermectin 10 mg and tocopherol acetate (vit. E) 40 mg, adjuvants: dimethylacetamide -400 mg, polyethylene glycol-660-hydroxystearate 150 mg, benzyl alcohol 10 mg and physiological solution up to 1 ml. It is of chemical origin, active against ticks, malophagous lice, fleas, bedbugs, skin and feather mites - foot scabies (Cnemidocoptes mutans), body scabies (Cnemidocoptes levis) and laminasioptic scabies (Laminasioptes cisticola) with localization in the subcutaneous connective tissue and muscles. The product also has an effect on nematode worms: Ascaridia spp., Capillaria spp., Syngamus tracheae Trichostrongylus spp., Heterakis gallinarum etc.
Premixul 2% broiler creştere şi Ivermec-OR sunt produse înregistrate în Republica Moldova şi plasate pe site-ul Agenţiei Naţionale pentru Siguranţa Alimentelor (ANSA) în compartimentul „Nomenclatorul preparatelor farmaceutice de uz veterinar”. The 2% broiler growth premix and Ivermec-OR are products registered in the Republic of Moldova and placed on the website of the National Food Safety Agency (ANSA) in the "Nomenclature of veterinary pharmaceutical preparations" section.
Premixul 2% boiler creştere este un produs alimentar de stimulare a proceselor vitale ce conţine un set de vitamine, macro- şi microelemente, un preparat coccidiostatic (Robenidină) recomandat pentru creşterea păsărilor. The 2% boiler growth premix is a food product for stimulating vital processes that contains a set of vitamins, macro- and microelements, a coccidiostatic preparation (Robenidine) recommended for raising poultry.
Totodată, toate ingredientele sunt fixate cu ajutorul dextrinei (un clei alimentar natural). Administrarea compoziţiei se efectuează în perioada rece a anului şi primavara în perioada prereproductivă a fazanilor. At the same time, all the ingredients are fixed with the help of dextrin (a natural food glue). The composition is administered during the cold period of the year and in the spring during the pre-reproductive period of pheasants.
Rezultatul tehnic al prezentei invenţii constă în deparazitarea fazanilor în condiţii naturale şi compensarea deficitului de vitamine, oligoelemente, minerale concentrate asimilabile în această perioadă, ceea ce permite păstrarea efectivelor de păsări sănătoase şi a potenţialului lor de reproducere în natură, administrându-se simultan cu hrana suplimentară preferată preparatele antiparazitare. De asemenea, această compoziţie permite de a folosi efectiv şi econom atât hrana, premixul, cât şi preparatele antiparazitare. The technical result of the present invention consists in deworming pheasants under natural conditions and compensating for the deficiency of vitamins, trace elements, concentrated minerals assimilable during this period, which allows maintaining healthy bird flocks and their reproductive potential in nature, simultaneously administering antiparasitic preparations with the preferred supplementary feed. Also, this composition allows for the effective and economical use of both the feed, the premix, and the antiparasitic preparations.
Rezultatul tehnic obţinut se datorează utilizării amestecului ca produs antiparazitar împotriva ecto- şi endoparaziţilor, precum şi administrării acestuia fazanilor în perioada geroasă şi prereproductivă, când există o insuficienţă de hrană în natură. The technical result obtained is due to the use of the mixture as an antiparasitic product against ecto- and endoparasites, as well as its administration to pheasants during the cold and pre-reproductive period, when there is a shortage of food in nature.
În scopul determinării eficacităţii terapeutice a preparatului antiparazitar Ivermec OR asupra endoparaziţilor la fazani s-au recoltat probe biologice de la ei, stabilindu-se extensivitatea invaziei cu endoparaziţi iniţial şi după administrarea preparatului. Administrarea preparatului Ivermec OR la fazani s-a efectuat în doze identice (24,0 ml Ivermec OR într-un litru de apă potabilă folosită la omogenizarea şi prepararea a 10 kg de hrană suplimentară pentru doza zilnică la 50 fazani) (tab.1). In order to determine the therapeutic efficacy of the antiparasitic preparation Ivermec OR on endoparasites in pheasants, biological samples were collected from them, establishing the extent of endoparasite invasion initially and after administration of the preparation. The administration of the preparation Ivermec OR to pheasants was carried out in identical doses (24.0 ml Ivermec OR in one liter of drinking water used to homogenize and prepare 10 kg of supplementary feed for the daily dose for 50 pheasants) (tab.1).
Tabelul 1 Table 1
Eficacitatea preparatului Ivermec OR în combaterea endoparaziţilor la fazani The effectiveness of the preparation Ivermec OR in combating endoparasites in pheasants
Invazia Extensivitatea invaziei până la tratament,% Extensivitatea invaziei după tratament,% Ascaridia spp. 88,3 0 Capillaria spp., 22,5 3,7 Trichostrongylus sp., 20,4 1,2 Heterakis gallinarum 19,4 0 Singamus trahea 11,7 1,8Invasion Extent of invasion before treatment,% Extent of invasion after treatment,% Ascaridia spp. 88.3 0 Capillaria spp., 22.5 3.7 Trichostrongylus sp., 20.4 1.2 Heterakis gallinarum 19.4 0 Singamus trachea 11.7 1.8
Conform prospectului de folosire, preparatul Ivermec OR are o înaltă eficacitate atât asupra endoparaziţilor, cât şi asupra ectoparaziţilor, fiind astfel stabilită şi eficacitatea ectoparaziticidă asupra speciilor de ectoparaziţi depistaţi anterior la fazani (tab.2). According to the package leaflet, the Ivermec OR preparation has high efficacy against both endoparasites and ectoparasites, thus establishing its ectoparasitic efficacy against species of ectoparasites previously detected in pheasants (tab. 2).
Tabelul 2 Table 2
Eficacitatea preparatului Ivermec OR în combaterea ectoparaziţilor la fazani The effectiveness of the preparation Ivermec OR in combating ectoparasites in pheasants
Invazia Extensivitatea invaziei până la tratament,% Extensivitatea invaziei după tratament,% Malofagi Cuclotogaster cinereus 28,5 2,2 Goniocotes chrysocephalus 14,2 0 Goniodes colchici 12,8 0 Eomenacanthus stramineus 27,3 0 Menopon gallinae 32,1 0 Goniocotes gallinae 11,7 0 Goniodes dissimilis 10,8 0 Lipeurus caponis 2,6 0 Purici Ceratophylus gallinae 46,9 1,0 Ceratophylus hirundinis 32,7 0 Acarieni parazitiformi Dermanyssus gallinae 18,4 2,4 Dermanyssus hirundinis 12,3 0 Knemidocoptes mutans 6,7 0 Invasion Extent of invasion before treatment,% Extent of invasion after treatment,% Malophagi Cuclotogaster cinereus 28.5 2.2 Goniocotes chrysocephalus 14.2 0 Goniodes colchici 12.8 0 Eomenacanthus stramineus 27.3 0 Menopon gallinae 32.1 0 Goniocotes gallinae 11.7 0 Goniodes dissimilis 10.8 0 Lipeurus caponis 2.6 0 Fleas Ceratophylus gallinae 46.9 1.0 Ceratophylus hirundinis 32.7 0 Parasitiform mites Dermanyssus gallinae 18.4 2.4 Dermanyssus hirundinis 12.3 0 Knemidocoptes mutans 6.7 0
Exemplul 1 Example 1
Hrana suplimentară cu adaos de preparat antiparazitar Ivermec OR şi Premix 2% broiler creştere şi sarea de bucătărie (NaCl) este calculată pentru 50 fazani (10 kg), din considerentele consumului zilnic de 200 g per specimen şi se prepară în felul următor: The supplementary feed with the addition of the antiparasitic preparation Ivermec OR and Premix 2% broiler growth and table salt (NaCl) is calculated for 50 pheasants (10 kg), based on the daily consumption of 200 g per specimen and is prepared as follows:
pentru 10 kg de hrană suplimentară, la amestecul din 4,00 kg de porumb, 3,00 kg floarea-soarelui, 1,00 kg de ovăz, 1,00 kg grâu şi 670 g făină de soia se adaugă un amestec care conţine 1 litru de apă potabilă şi 24,0 ml preparat antiparazitar - Ivermec OR, apoi 200,0 g Premix 2% broiler creştere, 30 g NaCl şi 100,0 g dextrină (cu funcţia de a fixa ingredientele în formă de praf şi cele solubile pe suprafaţa seminţelor în procesul de zvântare, de asemenea hrana devine gustativ mai atractivă şi este protejată până la consum de condiţiile atmosferice neprielnice). Componentele menţionate se amestecă bine şi se pun la zvântat într-un strat subţire pe o tablă de placaj (lemn) la temperatura de 25…30 °C. Procesul durează 3…5 ore. Se administrează începând cu a doua zi, pe parcursul a 2…3 zile. for 10 kg of supplementary feed, to the mixture of 4.00 kg of corn, 3.00 kg of sunflower, 1.00 kg of oats, 1.00 kg of wheat and 670 g of soybean meal, a mixture containing 1 liter of drinking water and 24.0 ml of antiparasitic preparation - Ivermec OR is added, then 200.0 g of Premix 2% broiler growth, 30 g of NaCl and 100.0 g of dextrin (with the function of fixing the powdered and soluble ingredients on the surface of the seeds during the threshing process, also the feed becomes more attractive in taste and is protected from adverse weather conditions until consumption). The mentioned components are mixed well and placed in a thin layer on a plywood (wooden) board at a temperature of 25…30 °C. The process takes 3…5 hours. It is administered starting on the second day, over 2...3 days.
Pentru controlul experimental al componenţei propuse au fost pregătite 5 variante de amestecuri. Variantele experienţelor sunt prezentate în tabelul 3. For the experimental control of the proposed composition, 5 variants of mixtures were prepared. The variants of the experiments are presented in Table 3.
Tabelul 3 Table 3
Variante Ivermec OR (ml) Premix 2% broiler creştere (g) Porumb (kg) Floarea- soarelui (kg) Ovăz (kg) Grâu (kg) Făină de soia (g) NaCl (g) Dextrină (g) Componenţa 1 18,0 150 3 4 1 1 775 25,0 50,0 Componenţa 2 24,0 200 4 3 1 1 670 30,0 100,0 Componenţa 3 30,0 250 2 4 2 1 565 35,0 150,0 Componenţa 4 36,0 300 2 1 3 3 460 40,0 200,0 Componenţa 5 42,0 350 5 2 1 1 355 45,0 250,0Variants Ivermec OR (ml) Premix 2% broiler growth (g) Corn (kg) Sunflower (kg) Oats (kg) Wheat (kg) Soybean meal (g) NaCl (g) Dextrin (g) Component 1 18.0 150 3 4 1 1 775 25.0 50.0 Component 2 24.0 200 4 3 1 1 670 30.0 100.0 Component 3 30.0 250 2 4 2 1 565 35.0 150.0 Component 4 36.0 300 2 1 3 3 460 40.0 200.0 Component 5 42.0 350 5 2 1 1 355 45.0 250.0
Pentru deparazitarea fazanilor a fost recomandată utilizarea amestecului cu componenţa 2, care a demonstrat rezultate optime de consum pe parcursul unui ciclu zilnic de hrănire. For deworming pheasants, the use of the mixture with component 2 was recommended, which demonstrated optimal consumption results during a daily feeding cycle.
Exemplul 2 Example 2
Se determină specia, distribuţia spaţială, efectivul şi densitatea fazanilor pe un teritoriu anumit şi se efectuează minuţios analiza coprologică a eşantioanelor biologice privind prezenţa ouălor de paraziţi. Cu ajutorul plaselor speciale se captează exemplare de păsări pentru stabilirea nivelului de infestare ectoparazitară. Ţinând cont de efectivul de fazani, se pregăteşte hrana suplimentară cu adaos de preparat antiparazitar şi premix, care se pune în hrănitoarele special amenajate, instalate din timp pentru hrănirea suplimentară a fazanilor. Fazanii cunosc bine aceste locuri unde sunt amplasate hrănitoarele, iar în perioada când se simte lipsa sau insuficienţa de hrană, ele se apropie de aceste hrănitoare din care consumă hrana suplimentară adusă de îngrijitori. În această perioadă a fost recomandat să se efectueze, odată cu hrănirea suplimentară a fazanilor, şi deparazitarea acestora. The species, spatial distribution, number and density of pheasants on a given territory are determined and a thorough coprological analysis of biological samples for the presence of parasite eggs is carried out. With the help of special nets, bird specimens are captured to establish the level of ectoparasite infestation. Taking into account the number of pheasants, supplementary food is prepared with the addition of antiparasitic preparation and premix, which is placed in specially arranged feeders, installed in advance for supplementary feeding of pheasants. Pheasants know well these places where the feeders are located, and when there is a lack or insufficiency of food, they approach these feeders from which they consume the supplementary food brought by the caretakers. During this period, it was recommended to carry out, together with the supplementary feeding of pheasants, their deworming.
Metoda se aplică în lunile geroase ale anului, când totul în jur este acoperit cu zăpadă, precum şi primăvara devreme în perioada prereproductivă a fazanilor, când există o insuficienţă de hrană. The method is applied in the cold months of the year, when everything around is covered with snow, as well as in early spring during the pre-reproductive period of pheasants, when there is a shortage of food.
La 2...3 săptămâni după deparazitare, se efectuează analiza eşantioanelor biologice de la fazanii deparazitaţi pentru a stabili eficacitatea tratamentului şi, după caz, tratamentul se repetă peste 12...14 zile. 2...3 weeks after deworming, biological samples from dewormed pheasants are analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the treatment and, if necessary, the treatment is repeated after 12...14 days.
Rezultatele deparazitării sunt prezentate în tabelul 4. The results of deworming are presented in Table 4.
Tabelul 4 Table 4
Rezultatele cercetărilor coprologice de până şi după aplicarea tratamentului antiparazitar Results of coprological research before and after the application of antiparasitic treatment
Locul desfăşurării cercetărilor Numărul de fazani % de infestare până la deparazitare după deparazitare Fondul de vânătoare „Ialoveni” 50 ectoparaziţi endoparaziţi ectoparaziţi endoparaziţi 19,7 32,5 0 1,3Research location Number of pheasants % of infestation until deworming after deworming "Ialoveni" Hunting Fund 50 ectoparasites endoparasites ectoparasites endoparasites 19.7 32.5 0 1.3
Premixul 2% broiler creştere, inclus în raţionul fazanilor, conţine atât vitamine, micro- şi macroelemente, cât şi coccidiostatic - Robenidina care este un neionofor de origine sintetică ce conţine 1,2-Bis[(4-clorofenil)metileneamino]guanidină, cu acţiune asupra următoarelor specii de eimerii la păsări: Eimeria mitis, E. brunetti, E. tenella, E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. phasiani, E. duodenalis, E. necatrix, E. praecox, Eimeria adenoeides, E. meleagrimitis şi E. gallopanovis. Eficacitatea Robenidinei asupra eimeriozei la fazani este prezentată în tabelul 5. The 2% broiler growth premix, included in the pheasant diet, contains both vitamins, micro- and macroelements, and coccidiostat - Robenidine which is a non-ionophore of synthetic origin containing 1,2-Bis[(4-chlorophenyl)methyleneamino]guanidine, with action on the following species of eimeria in birds: Eimeria mitis, E. brunetti, E. tenella, E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. phasiani, E. duodenalis, E. necatrix, E. praecox, Eimeria adenoeides, E. meleagrimitis and E. gallopanovis. The effectiveness of Robenidine on eimeria in pheasants is presented in table 5.
Tabelul 5 Table 5
Invazia Până la tratament,% După tratament,% Eimeria phasiani 45,5 0 Eimeria duodenalis 65,2 2,0 Eimeria maxima 34,7 0 Eimeria brunetti 18,5 0 Eimeria tenella 15,2 0Invasion Before treatment,% After treatment,% Eimeria phasiani 45.5 0 Eimeria duodenalis 65.2 2.0 Eimeria maxima 34.7 0 Eimeria brunetti 18.5 0 Eimeria tenella 15.2 0
Rezultatele obţinute au demonstrat că procedeul propus permite deparazitarea fazanilor şi asigurarea lor cu vitamine, oligoelemente, minerale concentrate asimilabile deficitare în hrană din natură, cu minimum de cheltuieli. The results obtained demonstrated that the proposed process allows the deworming of pheasants and their provision with vitamins, trace elements, and concentrated assimilable minerals that are deficient in natural food, with minimal expense.
Aşadar, efectuarea concomitentă a deparazitării (ecto- şi endoparaziţi) şi a compensării necesităţilor fiziologice ale organismului în vitamine, oligoelemente, minerale concentrate asimilabile dau un efect calitativ nou, care permite de a asigura supraveţuirea şi a spori potenţialul de reproducere al fazanilor în condiţii naturale, precum şi a diminua riscul de capturare a lor de către prădători. Therefore, the simultaneous performance of deparasitism (ecto- and endoparasites) and compensation of the body's physiological needs in vitamins, trace elements, assimilable concentrated minerals gives a new qualitative effect, which allows to ensure the survival and increase the reproductive potential of pheasants in natural conditions, as well as to reduce the risk of their capture by predators.
1. MD 408 Y 2011.08.31 1. MD 408 Y 2011.08.31
2. Абдуладзе К.И. и др. Паразитология и инвазионные болезни сельско-хозяйственных животных. Москва, Агропромиздат, 1990, р. 177 2. Abduladze K.I. and others Parasitology and invasive diseases of farm animals. Moscow, Agropromizdat, 1990, р. 177
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| MD3674F1 (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2008-08-31 | Institutul De Zoologie Al Academiei De Stiinte A Moldovei | Method of hen ectoparasitosis prophylaxis and treatment |
| MD92Y (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2009-10-30 | Institutul De Zoologie Al Academiei De Stiinte A Moldovei | Method for hen ectoparasitosis treatment |
| MD408Y (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-08-31 | Inst De Zool Al Akademiei De Shtiintse A Republichii Moldova | Method for prophylaxis and treatment of ectoparasitosis in hens |
| MD20140093A2 (en) * | 2012-02-06 | 2015-02-28 | Merial Limited | Chewable compositions for veterinary use containing an isoxazoline active agent and their use for the treatment or prevention of parasitic infestation or infection |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| MD3674F1 (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2008-08-31 | Institutul De Zoologie Al Academiei De Stiinte A Moldovei | Method of hen ectoparasitosis prophylaxis and treatment |
| MD92Y (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2009-10-30 | Institutul De Zoologie Al Academiei De Stiinte A Moldovei | Method for hen ectoparasitosis treatment |
| MD408Y (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-08-31 | Inst De Zool Al Akademiei De Shtiintse A Republichii Moldova | Method for prophylaxis and treatment of ectoparasitosis in hens |
| MD20140093A2 (en) * | 2012-02-06 | 2015-02-28 | Merial Limited | Chewable compositions for veterinary use containing an isoxazoline active agent and their use for the treatment or prevention of parasitic infestation or infection |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| http://ptica-ru.ru/fazan/128-korm-fazana.html * |
| https://www.gazetadeagricultura.info/animale/pasari/518-fazani/17107-ce-trebuie-sa-stim-despre-hranirea-fazanilor.html * |
| Абдуладзе К.И. и др. Паразитология и инвазионные болезни сельско-хозяйственных животных. Москва, Агропромиздат, 1990, р. 177 * |
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