LV14647B - Method for producing biologically active humic product - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of technology for treatment of peat and could be used for production of biologically active humic products, that could be used especially in agriculture. The method comprises grinding and riddling organic raw material, its treating and obtaining of end-product. The peat having humidity of the same kind as natural moisture is used as raw material. Treating of peat is realized by pre-granulation and further putting down during 12 hours in closed vessels for cooling thereof. After that the cooled granules are granulated repeatedly, obtaining granules with smaller diameter as obtained in pre-granulation step. After secondary granulation the obtained hot granules are poured into water. The obtained mixture is stirred, using immersed mixer, until formation of homogeneous viscous flowing paste. After that there is added alkali up to pH 10-10.5. The product is ready when paste has the temperature of environment. The offered method allows to increase the content of active humic substances in end product (Fig.1).

Description

The invention relates to a peat processing technology and can be used to obtain biologically active humic products which can be used, in particular, in agriculture.

There is a known method of obtaining humic substances for the restoration of technogenically contaminated lands, soils, waters described in patent RU_2242447. The process involves crushing the organic material to a homogeneous state and feeding it with water to the mixer. Prior to the crushing of organic raw materials, foreign bodies are screened out, eg stones and various mechanical inclusions. The rotor-type apparatus, which operates on the principle of hydro-impact, is used as a mixer.

The weight ratio of organic raw material to water is 1: 5, resulting in low humic concentrations and low stability of the resulting humic acid solution.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is the process for preparing the humic-mineral reagent described in patent RU_2233293. The method involves crushing and sieving the organic raw material, processing it and obtaining the finished product. In the method described, the yield of humic acids is 4%, the maximum is 6%, but the resultant aqueous suspension of humic acids turns out to be unstable, which rapidly separates in aqueous solution and loses its activity. This makes it difficult to use the product in agriculture as a preparation for watering plants with the aim of accelerating plant growth.

A common disadvantage of the known techniques is the low concentration of humic substances in the finished product, as well as its complex production technology.

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention is the development of a simple humane product production technology which enables to obtain a humic product with increased humic concentration.

The technical result is an increased concentration of biologically active substances in the finished product and a simplified technology for obtaining the finished product.

This is achieved by using a known method for obtaining a biologically active humic product which comprises crushing and sieving an organic raw material, according to the invention, using a peat having a moisture content similar to that of natural moisture, wherein the peat processing is carried out by pre-granulating after 12 hours in closed containers. The chilled pellets are then re-granulated. This results in pellets having a diameter less than that of the pre-granulation. Thereafter, hot i

the granules are poured into the aqueous solution, mixed by immersion in a stirrer until a homogeneous viscous flowing paste is formed, the alkali is added to the resulting paste until the pH reaches 10 to 10,5. When the resulting paste has cooled to ambient temperature, the final product is ready. In addition, granulation with a diameter of 5 mm is obtained in pre-granulation, and granulation with a diameter of 3 mm in re-granulation.

The drawing (Fig. 1) depicts a technological line for the preparation of a humic-containing product according to the method claimed in the invention.

The process involves crushing and sieving the organic raw material, processing it and obtaining the finished product. Peat with a moisture content close to that of the natural peat is used as organic raw material. Peat treatment is carried out by grinding and sifting. The resulting screened peat is subjected to pre-granulation to obtain granules of 5 mm size and subsequently to hold the resulting granules in closed containers for 12 hours until cooled. The cooled pellets are then re-granulated to give pellets of smaller diameter than pre-granulation, i.e., 3 mm in diameter. The granules from the second granulation are then poured into a 6: 4 aqueous solution and mixed with a submersible mixer. Larger amounts of water result in a more fluid but less viscous paste, but if the amount of pellets is larger, the paste is more viscous but less fluid. In either of the latter two cases, there is some difficulty in filling the paste in the container. A viscous flowing paste forms at the said component ratio of 6: 4 and when mixed with a submersible mixer. Add the alkali, eg potassium hydroxide, in portions to the resulting paste until a pH of 10-10.5 is achieved. The final product is formed by the cooling of the paste to ambient temperature.

The proposed method can be implemented using the technological line shown in the drawing (Fig. 1). The technological line for the humane production of the product comprises: a loading conveyor (1); a pre-granulation granulator (2), such as an OMG-1.5 matrix granulator, to obtain 5 mm diameter peat granules; loading conveyors (3); a lockable container (4); a conveyor (5); loading conveyors (6); a granulator (7) for secondary granulation to obtain peat granules 3 mm in diameter; loading conveyors (8); a dispenser (9); a measuring volume (10) of an aqueous solution; a submersible mixer (11); a pump (12); filling line (13). Peat crushing and screening equipment is not shown in the drawing.

The technique is implemented as follows.

After extraction, peat of natural humidity is crushed and sieved. The screened fine peat, which has a slightly different humidity than the natural humidity due to a slight percentage loss of moisture in the peat crushing and sifting process, is loaded by a loading conveyor (1) into a granulator with a matrix (2). The peat particles in the granulator (2) are subjected to strong compression, deformation and destruction during the granulation process due to their transfer to the granulator matrix. As a result of this exposure to the raw material, the distance between the peat particles in the granule is greatly reduced, the peat dispersion indexes, i.e., the ratio of bound and free water, drastically changed, and the peat granule density increases 5 to 6 times At the same time as the peat is compressed, the pressure also spreads to the water contained in the peat. As a result, water molecules move from the higher saturation zone to the lower saturation zones, reorient in the pores of the peat, and evenly moisten. At the same time, a great deal of heat is released due to overcoming the frictional forces acting between the granules and the granulator matrix channels. As a result, peat pellets compact and warm to 70-80 ° C. After the first peat granulation, the granulator (2) releases hot granules with a diameter of 5 mm. Using the loading conveyor (3), the pellets are loaded into a sealable container (4) which cools slowly within 12 hours. Due to the elevated temperature, the acid hydrolysis processes in the peat are activated during the cooling of the granules, because the dissociation of free acids in the peat increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (dissociation of these acids occurs only at elevated temperatures). After the granules have been cooled for 12 hours, the container (4) is opened and the cooled granules are loaded onto the granulator (7) for re-granulation with the loading conveyor (6). The secondary granulator (7) has a diameter of 3 mm. As a result, the pre-granulation pellets are subjected to sliding, collapsing, and stronger compression. As a result, the pellets heat up to 80 ° C. Two-stage granulation contributes to the mechanochemical activation of peat, i.e., changes in the composition of the components as the length of the molecular strands, including the humic acid molecules, the number of hydrophilic components and the amount of physically chemically bound water increases. Granulation operations constitute the technological step of obtaining the finished product. The hot granules obtained from the secondary granulation are then fed to the measuring tank (10) filled with the aqueous solution by means of the metering unit (9) via the loading conveyor (8). After loading the hot pellets into the aqueous solution, the peat is subjected to mechanical-chemical activation by operating a submersible mixer (11) for 15 to 20 minutes. To the prepared homogeneous peat mixture, the alkali is slowly added with continuous stirring until a pH of 10 to 10.5 is reached. Stirring at 1500 rpm is continued for 30 to 45 min. At this stage, the activation of chemical processes occurs due to the cavitation effect and the high density of the peat mixture. Water is then added to the peat mixture at a rate of 10-15% of the total volume of the mixture, followed by stirring for 10 min.

Once the resulting paste has cooled to ambient temperature, the paste is vacuum packed using a vacuum pump (12)

The proposed method simplifies the technological process of obtaining a biologically active humic product and increases the content of humic acid in the finished product to 12-13% (120 to 130 mg / kg). This cannot be achieved by known techniques, where the concentration of humic acids does not normally exceed 4 to 6%.

Claims

Claims (3)

Claims 1. The process of obtaining a biologically active humic product comprising the crushing and sifting of organic raw materials, their processing, the preparation of the finished product, is characterized in that peat is used as organic raw material with a moisture content similar to that of natural moisture, followed by cooling the granules in sealable containers for 12 hours, then re-granulating the cooled granules to obtain granules having a diameter less than the granules obtained in the previous granulation, followed by grinding the hot granules obtained in the secondary granulation in an aqueous solution. for mixing with a submersible mixer until a homogeneous viscous flowing paste is formed, the resulting paste is added to a pH of 10-10,5 and the final product is obtained when the paste has been cooled to ambient temperature. The production process according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-granulation is carried out to obtain pellets having a diameter of 5 mm and granulation having a diameter of 3 mm. The production process according to claim 1, wherein after the addition of alkali, the submersible mixer is stirred at 1500 rpm for 30 to 40 min.