LV14481B - Method of production of water soluble and non-soluble essential oils from plant origin raw material - Google Patents
Method of production of water soluble and non-soluble essential oils from plant origin raw material Download PDFInfo
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- LV14481B LV14481B LVP-11-158A LV110158A LV14481B LV 14481 B LV14481 B LV 14481B LV 110158 A LV110158 A LV 110158A LV 14481 B LV14481 B LV 14481B
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- water
- essential oils
- steam
- hydrosol
- raw material
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- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003845 household chemical Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000008124 Picea excelsa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000222 aromatherapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000379194 Abies sibirica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218631 Coniferophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000218652 Larix Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005590 Larix decidua Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000193463 Picea excelsa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000773 Pinus glabra Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001502813 Pinus glabra Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PYIHTIJNCRKDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-L trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C PYIHTIJNCRKDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
- A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
- A61K8/9755—Gymnosperms [Coniferophyta]
- A61K8/9767—Pinaceae [Pine family], e.g. pine or cedar
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
- A61K2236/331—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones using water, e.g. cold water, infusion, tea, steam distillation or decoction
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
IZGUDROJUMA APRAKSTSDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Izgudrojums attiecas uz mežsaimniecības nozari, pārtikas, farmaceitisko, medicīnas rūpniecību un sadzīves ķīmiju, kā arī skar jautājumu par augu valsts izejvielu kompleksas pārstrādes procesu ar tvaiku, izmantojot destilāciju, kā procesā iegūst bioloģiski aktīvus produktus ar plašu lietošanas spektru.The invention relates to the forestry, food, pharmaceutical, medical and household chemistry, and to the process of steam-distillation of a complex plant-based raw material to obtain biologically active products with a wide range of uses.
Tehnikas līmenisState of the art
Ēteriskās eļļas ir plaši izplatītas augu valstī. Tās ir aktīvi vielmaiņas procesu metabolīti. Ēterisko eļļu galvenie komponenti ir ūdenī nešķīstoši un daļēji ūdenī šķīstoši viegli gaistoši teipenoīdi un citi aromātiskie savienojumi. Ēterisko eļļu pielietošanas sfēru nosaka ēterisko eļļu parfimēriskās, farmakoloģiskās un garšas-aromātiskās īpašības. Ēteriskās eļļas izmanto pārtikas produktu, dzērienu, sadzīves ķīmijas izstrādājumu aromatizēšanai, kā ari farmaceitiskajā rūpniecībā, medicīnā un aromaterapijā. Ēteriskās eļļas tiek izmantotas ari kā šķīdinātāji [1,2,3].Essential oils are widespread in plant life. They are active metabolites of metabolic processes. The main components of essential oils are water-insoluble and semi-water-soluble volatile teipenoids and other aromatic compounds. The field of application of the essential oils is determined by the perfumery, pharmacological and taste-aromatic properties of the essential oils. Essential oils are used for flavoring foods, beverages, household chemicals, as well as in the pharmaceutical industry, medicine and aromatherapy. Essential oils are also used as solvents [1,2,3].
Ēteriskās eļļas ir caurspīdīgi bezkrāsaini vai krāsaini šķidrumi, kuriem piemīt gaistošas īpašības. To blīvums ir mazāks par 1 g/ml. Ēteriskās eļļas labi šķīst spirtā, taukos un citos organiskos savienojumos. Viena no ēterisko eļļu iegūšanas pamatmetodēm no augiem ir destilācija ar ūdens tvaiku. Destilācijas procesā izejvielas ievieto reaktorā un caurpūš ar ūdens tvaiku. Augu izejvielu gaistošie savienojumi (ēteriskās eļļas) kopā ar ūdens tvaiku veido aceotropu maisījumu, kuru novada uz dzesinātāju. Dzesinātajā tvaiki kondensējas un destilāta veidā nonāk speciālas konstrukcijas nostādinātajā, kurā par ūdeni vieglākās un ūdenī nešķīstošās ēteriskās eļļas veido augšējo slāni, kuru pašteces ceļā izvada no nostādinātajā augšas un apakšējo hidrosola (ūdens ar ūdenī šķīstošajiem savienojumiem) slāni, kuru parasti izvada no eļļu ieguves iekārtas, ari pašteces ceļā.Essential oils are translucent, colorless or colored liquids with volatile properties. They have a density of less than 1 g / ml. Essential oils are highly soluble in alcohol, fats and other organic compounds. One of the basic methods of extracting essential oils from plants is steam distillation. During the distillation process, the feedstock is placed in a reactor and blown with water vapor. Volatile compounds of plant raw materials (essential oils) together with water vapor form an aceotropic mixture which is discharged to the cooler. The cooled vapor condenses and the distillate enters a special design settler, in which the essential water-insoluble and water-insoluble essential oils form the upper layer, which is discharged by self-flow from the deposited top and bottom hydrosol (water with water soluble compounds) , also by self-flow.
Kā augu materiāls tiek izmantots skujukoku zalenis (skujas, dzinumi): no parastās priedes (Pirtus sylvestris L.), Sibīrijas ciedru priedes (Pirtus sibirica Du. Tour), parastās egles (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Sibīrijas baltegles (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) un citiem skujukokiem.The plant material used is coniferous larch (needles, shoots): from pine (Pirtus sylvestris L.), Siberian cedar pine (Pirtus sibirica Du. Tour), spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Siberian larch ( Abies sibirica Ledeb.) And other conifers.
Pārstrādes procesā priedes zaleni sasmalcina. Sasmalcināto masu iekrauj reaktorā un caurpūš ar ūdens tvaiku, tvaika temperatūra 100 - 105 °C. Tvaiku iegūst tvaika ģeneratorā. Izejvielas apstrādi ar tvaiku veic 2 ± 0,2 stundas. Apstrādes intensitāte ir 4 kg tvaika stundā uz 100 kg zaleņa. Tvaika iegūšanai tvaika ģeneratorā tiek padots ūdens, tā temperatūra +8-12° C [6].During processing, pine lard is ground. The pulverized pulp is charged to the reactor and blown with water vapor at a temperature of 100 to 105 ° C. Steam is produced in a steam generator. The raw material shall be steam treated for 2 ± 0,2 hours. The treatment intensity is 4 kg of steam per hour per 100 kg of greenery. Steam generator is supplied with water at a temperature of + 8-12 ° C [6].
Ūdenī nešķīstošu un ūdenī šķīstošu ēterisko eļļu iegūšanas paņēmiens no augu izejvielām, kura realizācijas gaitā augu izejvielu - sasmalcinātu zaleni ievada reaktorā; tvaika ģeneratorā no ūdensapgādes sistēmas iepilda ūdeni ar 8 - 12° C temperatūru; tvaika ģeneratorā ūdeni iztvaicē; izejvielu caurpūš ar tvaiku (destilācija ar tvaiku); tvaiku atdzesē līdz kondensāta-destilāta stāvoklim; destilātu ievada nostādinātajā; destilātu, nostādinot, sadala ūdenī nešķīstošās ēteriskās eļļās un nostādinātajā ūdenī (hidrosolā).A process for obtaining water-insoluble and water-soluble essential oils from vegetable raw materials, wherein the vegetable raw material, chopped green grass, is introduced into the reactor; the steam generator is filled with water at a temperature of 8 to 12 ° C from the water supply system; evaporate the water in the steam generator; steam blasting of raw material (steam distillation); the steam is cooled to a condensate-distillate state; the distillate is introduced into the settler; the precipitate is partitioned between the water-insoluble essential oils and the precipitated water (hydrosol).
Tvaika ģeneratoriem vajadzētu būt ar nepieciešamajām tvaika ražošanas spējām un pēc iespējas zemāku energopatēriņu [4, 5, 6].Steam generators should have the necessary steam production capacity and energy consumption as low as possible [4, 5, 6].
Izgudrojuma mērķis ir samazināt energopatēriņu un palielināt mērķprodukta iegūšanas apjomu, iegūstot ēteriskās eļļas no augu materiāla destilācijas procesā ar tvaiku.The object of the invention is to reduce energy consumption and increase the yield of the target product by extracting essential oils from plant material by steam distillation.
Iegūtais mērķis tiek sasniegts tādējādi, ka hidrosolu, kura temperatūra ir +50-60° C atkārtoti iztvaicē tvaika ģeneratorā; ar atkārtoti iegūto tvaiku caurpūš izejvielu, tvaiku kondensē, kondensātu ievada nostādinātajā un sadala ēteriskajās eļļās un hidrosolā; hidrosolu vairākas reizes atkārtoti iztvaicējot, kondensējot un nostādinot, tas piesātinās ar ūdenī šķīstošajām eļļu sastāvdaļām un tās nostādinātajā izdalās kopā ar nešķīstošajam frakcijām.The objective is achieved by re-evaporating the hydrosol at a temperature of + 50-60 ° C in a steam generator; the re-obtained steam blows the raw material, condenses the vapor, introduces the condensate into the precipitated oil and distributes it in the essential oils and hydrosol; the hydrosol is repeatedly evaporated, condensed and precipitated several times and becomes saturated with water-soluble oil constituents and is precipitated in the precipitated fraction with insoluble fractions.
Paņēmiena realizācijas gaitaProgress of the method implementation
Izmēģinājums tika sākts, tvaika ģeneratorā ievadot aukstu ūdeni +10° C. Uzkrājoties hidrosolam, to 3 reizes pa 1 litram ievadīja tvaika ģeneratorā, un destilāciju turpināja līdz brīdim, kad ēterisko eļļu iznākums vairs nepalielinājās.The trial was started by adding cold water to the steam generator at + 10 ° C. After accumulation of hydrosol, it was injected into the steam generator 3 times in 1 liter, and distillation was continued until the yield of essential oils no longer increased.
Tādējādi enerģijas patēriņš samazinās par siltuma daudzumu, kas nepieciešams ūdensapgādes sistēmas vai dabiskā ūdens uzsildīšanai līdz temperatūrai, kāda ir hidrosolam, to lietojot atkārtoti (no +8 - 12° C līdz 40 - 50° C).As a result, energy consumption is reduced by the amount of heat needed to reheat the water supply system or natural water to the temperature of the hydrosol when re-used (from +8 - 12 ° C to 40 - 50 ° C).
Lai pārbaudītu piedāvātā paņēmiena efektivitāti, tika veikts eksperiments tradicionālā un ieteiktā paņēmiena salīdzināšanai izmantojot ēteriko eļļu ražošanas pilotiekārtu un pārstrādājot priedes skujas.To test the effectiveness of the proposed method, an experiment was carried out to compare the conventional and recommended method using a pilot plant for the production of essential oils and processing pine needles.
Par enerģijas avotu tika izmantota elektrība. Eksperimenta laikā tika noteikts elektroenerģijas patēriņš viena kilograma tvaika vai 1 litra hidrosolā ieguvei pēc abām tehnoloģijām; tika noteikta tvaika ģeneratorā ievadāmā ūdens (hidrosolā) temperatūra, eļļu iznākums uz 1 litru hidrosola. Rezultāti ir apkopoti 1. tabula. Darbs tika uzsākts, tvaika ģeneratorā ievadot 7 litrus ūdens ar +10° C temperatūru.Electricity was used as a source of energy. During the experiment, electricity consumption was determined to produce one kilogram of steam or 1 liter of hydrosol using both technologies; the temperature of the water introduced into the steam generator (hydrosol) was determined and the oil yield per liter of hydrosol was determined. The results are summarized in Table 1. The work was started by injecting 7 liters of water with a temperature of + 10 ° C into the steam generator.
1. tabulaTable 1
Tabulas dati apliecina, ka izmantojot izgudrojumā aprakstīto tehnoloģiju, enerģijas patēriņš eļļu ieguvei samazinās par 10,84 % un kopējais ēterisko eļļu iznākums palielinās par 0,16%.The data in the table show that, using the technology described in the invention, the energy consumption for oil extraction is reduced by 10.84% and the overall yield of essential oils increases by 0.16%.
Aprēķini veikti pieņemot, ka ņemti 10 kg egles zaleņa, kas nesasmalcināts ievietots tvaika destilācijas iekārtā. Iekārta uzsildīta līdz darba temperatūrai, tad iepildīti 71 ūdens ar temperatūru 10° C. Iekārtas jauda izvēlēta tā, lai iegūtā tvaika daudzums būtu 2 kg/h. Tālākās darbības veiktas atbilstoši aprakstam. Iegūtās eļļas blīvums ir 0,888 g/ml.The calculations are based on the assumption of 10 kg of spruce fir in a steam distillation unit. The unit was heated to operating temperature, then 71 water at 10 ° C was added. The unit was selected to produce steam of 2 kg / h. Follow the steps as described. The resulting oil has a density of 0.888 g / ml.
Veiktie izmēģinājumi saistībā ar jauno metodi (saskaņā ar izgudrojuma tehnoloģiju) - ”Ūdenī nešķīstošu un ūdenī šķīstošu ēterisko eļļu iegūšanas paņēmiens no augu izejvielām”, kurā hidrosolu, kura temperatūra ir +50-60° C atkārtoti iztvaicē tvaika ģeneratorā; ar atkārtoti iegūto tvaiku caurpūš izejvielu, tvaiku kondensē, kondensātu ievada nostādinātājā un sadala ēteriskajās eļļās un hidrosolā; hidrosolu vairākas reizes atkārtoti iztvaicējot, kondensējot un nostādinot, tas piesātinās ar ūdenī šķīstošajām eļļu sastāvdaļām un tās nostādinātājā izdalās kopā ar nešķīstošajam frakcijām - deva iespēju, pārstrādājot 10 kg egles zaleņa, panākt ievērojamu energopatēriņa samazināšanu, vienlaicīgi palielinot ēterisko eļļu iznākuma daudzumu. Šo divu mērķu sasniegšana ir ļoti svarīga lauksaimniecībā, jo ēteriskās eļļas tiek plaši pielietotas pārtikas produktu aromatizēšanā, sadzīves ķīmijā, farmaceitiskajā rūpniecībā, medicīnā un aromaterapijā.Experiments carried out in connection with the new method (according to the inventive technology) - "Method for obtaining water-insoluble and water-soluble essential oils from vegetable raw materials", in which the hydrosol at + 50-60 ° C is re-evaporated in a steam generator; with the recycled steam blowing the raw material, condensing the vapor, introducing the condensate into a settler and dividing it into essential oils and hydrosol; The hydrosol is repeatedly evaporated, condensed and precipitated, saturated with water-soluble oil constituents and released in the precipitator along with the insoluble fractions - allowing a significant reduction in energy consumption through the processing of 10 kg of spruce greenery, while increasing the amount of essential oils. Achieving these two goals is very important in agriculture, as essential oils are widely used in food flavoring, household chemistry, pharmaceuticals, medicine and aromatherapy.
Informācijas avotiSources of information
1. Pat WO 94/28895, A, 1994, A61 K3 1/101. Pat. WO 94/28895, A, 1994, A61 K3 1/10
2. Pat. EP 94/01900, A, 1994, A61 Kl/122. Pat. EP 94/01900, A, 1994, A61 K1 / 12
3. Pat. RU 2126433, Cl, 1999, C09F 3/02.3. Pat. RU 2126433, Cl 1999 C09F 3/02.
4. MeToņ+i ποπγπεΗΗΜ θφκρΗΒΐχ Macen. http:// naturelab.ru/m/20/, 27.09.20114. MeTon + i ποπγπεΗΗΜ θφκρΗΒΐχ Macen. http: // naturelab.ru/m/20/, 9/27/2011
5. IlaporeHepaTop TexHOJiorHuecKHx jihhhh http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki, 27.09.2011.5. IlaporeHepaTop TexHOJiorHuecKHx jihhhh http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki, 9/27/2011.
6. Pat. LV 14276, B, 2011, C09 F 1/00; C 11 B 1/10.6. Pat. LV 14276, B, 2011, C09 F 1/00; C 11 B 1/10.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LVP-11-158A LV14481B (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2011-11-21 | Method of production of water soluble and non-soluble essential oils from plant origin raw material |
| PCT/LV2012/000012 WO2013077716A1 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2012-07-23 | Method for obtaining water-insoluble and water-soluble essential oils from plant materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LVP-11-158A LV14481B (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2011-11-21 | Method of production of water soluble and non-soluble essential oils from plant origin raw material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| LV14481A LV14481A (en) | 2012-02-20 |
| LV14481B true LV14481B (en) | 2012-06-20 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| LVP-11-158A LV14481B (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2011-11-21 | Method of production of water soluble and non-soluble essential oils from plant origin raw material |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
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| LV (1) | LV14481B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013077716A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2033802C1 (en) * | 1992-04-07 | 1995-04-30 | Ханина Миниса Абдуллаевна | Method for producing of essential oil |
| FR2705035B1 (en) * | 1993-05-11 | 1995-08-04 | Archimex Pibs | Process and installation for solvent-free extraction of natural products by microwave. |
| US5582694A (en) * | 1994-09-21 | 1996-12-10 | Idaho Mint Distiller, Inc. | Hydrodistillation process for essential mint oils |
| US7438129B2 (en) * | 1999-05-07 | 2008-10-21 | Ge Ionics, Inc. | Water treatment method for heavy oil production using calcium sulfate seed slurry evaporation |
| RU2238291C1 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2004-10-20 | Рощин Виктор Иванович | Method of processing vegetable matter |
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2011
- 2011-11-21 LV LVP-11-158A patent/LV14481B/en unknown
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- 2012-07-23 WO PCT/LV2012/000012 patent/WO2013077716A1/en active Application Filing
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| LV14481A (en) | 2012-02-20 |
| WO2013077716A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
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