LV14461B - Preparation that effectively reduces high glutamate level in blood - Google Patents

Preparation that effectively reduces high glutamate level in blood Download PDF

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LV14461B
LV14461B LVP-11-117A LV110117A LV14461B LV 14461 B LV14461 B LV 14461B LV 110117 A LV110117 A LV 110117A LV 14461 B LV14461 B LV 14461B
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glutamate
blood
selenium
levels
vitamin
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LVP-11-117A
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LV14461A (en
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Vladimirs Voicehovskis
Jūlija VOICEHOVSKA
Gunta ANCĀNE
Andrejs ŠĶESTERS
Grigorijs ORĻIKOVS
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Paula Stradiņa Klīniskā Universitātes Slimnīca, Vsia
Rīgas Stradiņa Universitāte
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Priority to LVP-11-117A priority Critical patent/LV14461B/en
Publication of LV14461A publication Critical patent/LV14461A/en
Priority to PCT/LV2012/000001 priority patent/WO2013039367A1/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/095Sulfur, selenium, or tellurium compounds, e.g. thiols
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/352Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
    • A61K31/3533,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
    • A61K31/355Tocopherols, e.g. vitamin E
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/04Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/4841Filling excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/4875Compounds of unknown constitution, e.g. material from plants or animals

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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of medicine, in particular, to the preparations that effectively reduce high glutamate level in blood. The preparations comprise selenium, preferably organic, in an amount of 0.1-0.2% wt., and vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) in an amount 5.0-10.0% wt. The preparation is well tolerated, has no side effects and contraindications.

Description

IZGUDROJUMA APRAKSTSDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Izgudrojums attiecināms uz medicīnas nozari, skar terapiju un parafarmācijas rūpniecību, proti, līdzekļa izstrādi, kas pazemina augstu glutamāta līmeni asinīs.The invention relates to the medical field, to the therapeutic and to the parapharmaceutical industry, namely to the development of an agent for lowering high blood glutamate levels.

Glutamāts ir aminoskābe, kuru satur CNS (centrālās nervu sistēma) struktūras. Glutamāts ir svarīgākais uzbudinošais neirotransmiters, kas nelielā daudzumā kairina muguras smadzeņu neironus, galvas smadzeņu garozu, smadzenītes un citas CNS struktūras [lļ.Glutamate is an amino acid that is found in the structures of the CNS (central nervous system). Glutamate is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter, which in small amounts irritates the spinal cord neurons, the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum and other CNS structures.

Ilgstoša stresa ietekmē neironu kairinājums nepāriet, glutamāta līmenis nepazeminās, sākas N-metil-D-aspartāta (NMDA) receptoru patoloģiska hiperaktivācija. Glutamāta bojājošā iedarbība izpaužas, kad tā līmenis asinīs paaugstinās 5-10 reizes [2]. Normai atbilstošs glutamāta līmenis ir no 2,32 līdz 3,14 mmol/l, bet augsts līmenis - no 15,7 mmol/l un augstāks.Prolonged stress does not relieve neuronal irritation, glutamate levels decrease, and pathological hyperactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors begins. The damaging effect of glutamate is manifested by a 5-10 fold increase in blood levels [2]. Normal glutamate levels range from 2.32 to 3.14 mmol / l and high levels from 15.7 mmol / l and above.

Tehnikas līmenisState of the art

Glutamāts izdalās specifiskās sinaptiskās struktūrās un savstarpēji mijiedarbojas ar glutamāta jutīgiem N-metil-D-aspartāta (NMDA) postsinaptisko membrānu receptoriem [1], Fizioloģiskos apstākļos NMDA receptori aktivējas ar milimolārām glutamāta koncentrācijām, kurš atrodas sinaptiskajā spraugā dažu milisekunžu laikā. Mediatora pārpalikums tiek izvadīts pēc 30 minūtēm.Glutamate is secreted into specific synaptic structures and interacts with glutamate-sensitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) postsynaptic membrane receptors [1]. Under physiological conditions, NMDA receptors are activated by millimolar concentrations of glutamate within a few milliseconds. Excess mediator is eliminated after 30 minutes.

Patoloģiskas impulsācijas gadījumā NMDA receptori hiperakti vizējas ar funkcijas traucējumiem, šajā gadījumā kairinošais neirotransmiters glutamāts var izraisīt neironu bojājumus vai bojāeju [3], šī iemesla dēļ paaugstināta glutamāta līmeņa bojājošā iedarbība uz neironiem tiek apzīmēta ar terminu “kairinošo aminoskābju toksitāte” vai “eksaitotoksitāte”.In case of abnormal impulse, NMDA receptors hyperactivate visually impaired function, in which case the irritant neurotransmitter glutamate can cause neuronal damage or death [3], which is why elevated glutamate neuronal damage is referred to as "irritant amino acid toxicity" or "eczema".

Eksaitotoksitāte - patoloģisks process, kurā nervu šķiedru Šūnas tiek bojātas pānnērigas glutamāta stimulācijas rezultātā [4], NMDA receptoru hiperaktivācija ar glutamātu, kuru pavada masīvu [Ca2+] ieplūde un vairākkārtīga [Ca2+] koncentrācijas paaugstināšanās šūnās, izraisa virkni šūnas iekšējo fermentu sistēmu (proteāžu, nukleāžu, lipāžu) aktivāciju, kas iniciē citodeģeneratīvu procesu kaskādi un šūnas līzi [5], Glutamāta atbrīvošanas mehānisms eksocitozes ceļā (iekššūnu satura izeja ārpus) piemīt ne tikai neironiem, bet ari gliālajām šūnām. Eksocitozes rezultātā notiek strauja ārpusšūnu glutamāta koncentrācijas paaugstināšanās, papildus glutamāta receptoru hiperaktivācija un tai sekojoša neirodeģeneratīvu šūnas reakciju sērija.Ectaitotoxicity - A pathological process in which nerve fiber cells are damaged by panic glutamate stimulation [4], hyperactivation of NMDA receptors by glutamate accompanied by massive [Ca 2+ ] influx and multiple [Ca 2+ ] concentration in cells, leading to a number of intracellular enzymes activation of systems (proteases, nucleases, lipases) that initiate a cascade of cytodegenerative processes and cell lysis [5], the mechanism of glutamate release by exocytosis (extracellular efflux outside) is found not only in neurons but also in glial cells. Exocytosis results in rapid increases in extracellular glutamate levels, hyperactivation of additional glutamate receptors, and a subsequent series of neurodegenerative cellular responses.

Paaugstināta glutamāta koncentrācija asinīs - virs 15,7 mmol/1 atspoguļo nervu šūnu kopējo kairināmību. Glutamāts efektīvi funkcionē kā neirotransmiters, kad tā ārpusšūnas koncentrācija ir zemāka par to (zem 15,7 mmol/1), kas izsauc neironu bojājumus [6]. Glutamāta līmenis asinīs tiek noteikts pēc Lund metodes [7].Elevated blood glutamate levels above 15.7 mmol / l reflect the overall irritability of nerve cells. Glutamate functions effectively as a neurotransmitter when its extracellular concentration is below (below 15.7 mmol / l), which causes neuronal damage [6]. Blood glutamate levels are determined by the Lund method [7].

Lund metode [7] apvieno glutamāta ekstrakciju ar organiskiem šķīdinātājiem un to turpmāku spektrofotometrisku noteikšanu ar fluometrisko detektoru. Heparinizētas asinis tiek centrifugētas 10 minūtes 4 C°, plazmas deproteinizācija tiek veikta ar sulfasalicilskābi (30 mg/ml plazmā). Tiek izmantoti reaktīvi: Tris-hidrazīna buferis - 1,0 ml, betaNicotinamīda adenīn-dinukleotīda šķīdums (NAD) - 0,1 ml, adenozīna-S'-difosfata šķīdums (ADP) - 0,01 ml un ūdens.The Lund method [7] combines the extraction of glutamate with organic solvents and their subsequent spectrophotometric detection with a fluometric detector. Heparinized blood is centrifuged for 10 minutes at 4 ° C and plasma deproteinization is performed with sulfasalicylic acid (30 mg / ml in plasma). The reagents used are: Tris-hydrazine buffer 1.0 ml, Beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide solution (NAD) 0.1 ml, Adenosine S'-diphosphate solution (ADP) 0.01 ml and water.

Reakcijas gaita:Reaction progress:

1. Glutamāts oksidējas ar glutamināzi ūdens klātbūtnē līdz atbrīvojas αΖ/ά-ketogIutarāts. Vienlaicīgi notiek NAD+ līdz NADH.1. Glutamate is oxidized by glutamine in the presence of water to release αΖ / ά-ketoglutarate. NAD + to NADH occurs simultaneously.

2. Konversijas intensitāte NAD+ NADH tiek mērīta spektrofotometriski un ir proporcionāla glutamāta daudzumam asinīs.2. The conversion rate for NAD + NADH is measured spectrophotometrically and is proportional to the amount of glutamate in the blood.

Glutamāta līmeni asinīs nosaka, lai objektīvi novērtētu un monitorētu eksaitotoksitāti, lai noteiktu likumsakarības starp kairinājuma procesiem, glutamāta līmeni un klīnikas attīstību. Eksaitotoksitāte klīniski izpaužas ar dažādām stresa reakcijām, veģetatīviem traucējumiem, neiroloģiskām patoloģijām, kuras tiek diagnosticētas, klīniski veicot objektīvus izmeklējumus (neiroloģiskais stāvoklis, psihiskais stāvoklis, patoloģiskie refleksi, psihisku un kognitīvu spēju traucējumi).Blood glutamate levels are determined to objectively evaluate and monitor ecxitotoxicity to determine the regularities between irritation processes, glutamate levels and clinical development. Ecxitotoxicity is clinically manifested by a variety of stress responses, vegetative disorders, neurological pathologies, which are diagnosed by objective clinical examination (neurological condition, mental state, pathological reflexes, mental and cognitive impairment).

Izmeklējumi liecina, ka glutamāta līmenis asinīs ir būtiski paaugstināts dažādu veidu depresiju gadījumos, sāpju stresa, posttraumatiskā stresa sindroma (PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder)), insulta u.c. gadījumos [8-9].Studies have shown that glutamate levels in the blood are significantly elevated in various types of depression, pain stress, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), stroke, and more. cases [8-9].

Konkrēti, PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) - simptomu komplekss, kas var attīstīties pēc viena vai vairākiem traumatiskiem notikumiem. PTSD patofizioloģija un patoģenēze saistītas ar pārkairinošo procesu ietekmes pārsvaru. Saskaņā ar diagnostikas standartu DSM-IV [10,11] PTSD pamatsimptomi attīstās kompleksā ar hipertrofetām psihofizioloģiskām reakcijām: uzmācīgas atmiņas, ilūzijas, halucinācijas, izvairīšanās vai nejūtīgums, pārlieks mundrums, kas izpaužas ne mazāk kā vienu mēnesi. PTSD klīniskā diagnostika atbilstoši DSM-IV, tiek veikta, izmantojot klīnisko novērtējumu skalu PCL-M.Specifically, PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder), a complex of symptoms that can develop after one or more traumatic events. The pathophysiology and pathogenesis of PTSD are related to the predominance of the effects of the iridescent processes. According to the diagnostic standard DSM-IV [10,11], the basic symptoms of PTSD develop in a complex with hypertrophic psychophysiological reactions: obsessive memory, illusions, hallucinations, avoidance or insensitivity, excessive wakefulness for at least one month. Clinical diagnosis of PTSD according to DSM-IV is performed using the PCL-M Clinical Rating Scale.

PCL-M skala iekļauj 17 jautājumus, tiek rekomendēta kā diagnostikas instruments, izmeklējot PTSD slimniekus un nosakot PTSD attīstības risku [11],The PCL-M scale includes 17 questions, is recommended as a diagnostic tool for examining PTSD patients and identifying the risk of developing PTSD [11],

Ar līdzekļa izpēti, kas pazemina augstu glutamāta līmeni asinīs, nodarbojas pētnieki Japānas zinātniskajos institūtos [12], Kanādā [13], ASV [14] un citās valstīs [15-19].Research into lowering high levels of glutamate in the blood has been carried out by researchers at Japan's Scientific Institutes [12], Canada [13], the United States [14] and other countries [15-19].

Eksperimentālos modeļos ar žurkām tika pētīta fermentu kompleksa pielietojamības iespēja (Glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases GOT, glutamate pyruvate transaminases u.c.), lai pazeminātu ārpusšūnu glutamāta līmeni smadzeņu audos [20]. Eksperimenta procesā tika noteikts reakcijas atgriezeniskais raksturs: fermenta GOT ietekmē glutamāts pārvērtās ηΖ/ίζ-ketoglutarātā, kura uzkrāšanās iniciēja atpakaļreakciju ar paaugstināta glutamāta daudzuma izveidošanos. Ketoglutarāts ari iekļaujas citronskābes ciklā, jebkuras ketoglutarāta koncentrācijas izmaiņas un transamināzes funkcionēšana nav savienojami ar organisma dzīvotspēju. [21], Šie pētījumi liecināja, ka smadzeņu audos saglabājās augsts glutamāta līmenis.In experimental models in rats, the applicability of an enzyme complex (Glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases GOT, glutamate pyruvate transaminases, etc.) to lower extracellular glutamate levels in brain tissue was investigated [20]. During the experiment, the reversibility of the reaction was determined: glutamate was converted to ηΖ / ίζ-ketoglutarate by the GOT enzyme, the accumulation of which triggered a back reaction with the formation of increased glutamate. Ketoglutarate is also involved in the citric acid cycle, any changes in ketoglutarate concentration and transaminase function are not compatible with viability. [21], These studies indicated that high levels of glutamate were retained in brain tissue.

Ja asinīs ir augsts glutamāta līmenis, tad eksaitotoksitāte tiek pamatota ar glutamātjutīgu NMDA receptoru hiperaktivāciju. Tika veikti glutamātjutīgu NMDA receptoru antagonistu pētījumi, kuri spēj bloķēt NMDA receptorus un normalizēt neirotransmisiju [16-18]. Eksperimentālos modeļos ar žurkām tika parādīts, ka NMDA antagonistu klīniskais pielietojums receptoros nav iespējams, jo šie preparāti pilnībā bloķē neirotransmisiju un izsauc smagas blaknes (psihomotoru kavēfibu, halucinācijas, pastiprina krampju gatavību epilepsijas gadījumā, komu) [22-23].In the presence of high levels of glutamate in the blood, exactotoxicity is based on hyperactivation of glutamate-sensitive NMDA receptors. Studies of glutamate-sensitive NMDA receptor antagonists capable of blocking NMDA receptors and normalizing neurotransmission have been performed [16-18]. In experimental models in rats, clinical applications of NMDA antagonists at receptors have been shown as they completely block neurotransmission and induce severe side effects (psychomotor inhibition, hallucinations, increased seizures in epilepsy, coma) [22 - 23].

Tika pētīta dažādu grupu antidepresantu izmantošana patoloģisko simptomu korekcijai, kurus izsauc paaugstināts glutamāta līmenis asinīs. Eksperimentālos modeļos ar žurkām tika parādīts, ka tricikliskais antidepresants (amitriptilms) [24], kuru izmanto ari pāruzbudinātības simptomu ārstēšanai (trauksme, bailes, uzmācīgas, sāpīgas atmiņas, murgaini sapņi), paaugstina glutamāterģisko neirotransmisiju ar transporta olbaltumu EAAT3. Amitriptilīns nesamazina augstu glutamāta līmeni asinīs [25-26]. Eksperimentālos modeļos ar žurkām tika parādīts, ka serotonīna atpakaļsaistes inhibitors tianeptīhs spēj bloķēt daudzu stresa izsauktu glutamāterģisko neirotransmisiju izmaiņas hipokampā [27]. Pie tam tianeptīns nepazemina augstu glutamāta līmeni asinīs.The use of different classes of antidepressants to correct pathological symptoms caused by increased blood glutamate levels has been studied. Experimental models in rats have shown that tricyclic antidepressant (amitriptyline) [24], which is also used to treat symptoms of arousal (anxiety, fear, distress, painful memory, delusional dreams), increases glutamatergic neurotransmission by transport protein EA3. Amitriptyline does not reduce high blood glutamate levels [25 - 26]. In experimental models in rats, the serotonin reuptake inhibitor tianeptic has been shown to be able to block many stress-induced changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus [27]. In addition, tianeptin does not lower the high levels of glutamate in the blood.

Antidepresanti neietekmē glutamāta līmeņa paaugstināšanos un nenovērš eksaitotoksiskos procesus (pārkairinājumu) [ 28,29].Antidepressants have no effect on glutamate elevation and do not prevent exaitotoxic processes (overheating) [28,29].

Ir zināms, ka selēns kā antioksidants, tiek izmantots grūtniecības patoloģiju profilaksē [30], aptaukošanās un dislipidēmiju gadījumos [31-32], deguna polipozes ārstēšanā [33].Selenium is known to be used as an antioxidant in the prevention of pregnancy pathologies [30], in obesity and dyslipidemias [31-32], in the treatment of nasal polyposis [33].

Ir zināma selēna kā antioksidanta un bioloģiski aktīvas piedevas izmantošana [34-36], Organiskais selēns Latvijā ir reģistrēts kā uztura bagātinātājs, kā ari tiek rekomendēts lietošanai kā antioksidants.The use of selenium as an antioxidant and biologically active additive is known [34-36], Organic selenium is registered in Latvia as a dietary supplement and is also recommended for use as an antioxidant.

Nav zināms līdzeklis augsta glutamāta līmeņa pazemināšanai asinīs.There is no known means of lowering high glutamate levels in the blood.

Izgudrojuma izklāstsDisclosure of the Invention

Paaugstināts glutamāta līmenis asinīs (augstāks par 15,7 mmol/1) noved pie hroniska neironu kairinājuma stāvokļa, kuru pavada NMDA receptoru hipofunkcija, un ir cēlonis dažādu saslimšanu attīstībai: piramidāliem traucējumiem, neiroloģiskam deficītam, deģenerativiem procesiem un neitronu bojājumiem.Elevated levels of glutamate in the blood (greater than 15.7 mmol / l) lead to a chronic neuronal excitement accompanied by NMDA receptor hypofunction and are responsible for the development of various diseases: pyramidal disorders, neurological deficits, degenerative processes and neutron lesions.

Izgudrojuma mērķis un tehniskais rezultāts:Objective and technical result of the invention:

• izstrādāt līdzekli, kas pazemina augstu glutamāta līmeni asinīs, • izstrādāt optimālu komponentu attiecību jaunā sastāva maksimālai efektivitātei, • izstrādāt zāļu formu jaunā sastāva pielietošanai, • saglabāt jaunā sastāva tehnoloģiskās īpašības un stabilitāti 36 mēnešu laikā.• Develop an agent that lowers high levels of glutamate in the blood. • Develop an optimal component ratio for maximum efficacy of the new formulation. • Develop a formulation for the new formulation. • Maintain the technological properties and stability of the new formulation for 36 months.

Izvirzītais mērķis tiek sasniegts, izstrādājot jaunu līdzekli augsta glutamāta līmeņa pazemināšanai asinīs, kas satur selēnu un E vitamīnu šādā komponentu masas attiecībā, mg:The objective is achieved by the development of a new agent for the reduction of high glutamate levels in the blood containing selenium and vitamin E in the following weight ratio of components:

selēns 0,l-0,2mgselenium 0.1-1.2 mg

E vitamīns (a^h-tokoferols) 5,0 - 10,0 mg.Vitamin E (α-h-tocopherol) 5.0 - 10.0 mg.

Pie tam līdzekļa sastāvā iekļauts organiskais selēns.In addition, the product contains organic selenium.

Izklāstītie dati, kas saistīti ar selēna un E vitamīna 1) optimālo attiecību noteikšanas un 2) selēna izmantošanas optimālās formas noteikšanas sarežģītību - labi zināma speciālistiem, kuri nodarbojas ar līdzekļa izstrādi, kas pazemina augstu glutamāta līmeni asinīs.The data presented relates to the difficulty of determining the optimal ratio of selenium to vitamin E and 2) determining the optimal form of selenium utilization - well known to those skilled in the art of developing a product that lowers high levels of glutamate in the blood.

Izpētes procesā un jaunajā sastāvā tika izmantots gan organiskais, gan neorganiskais selēns.Both organic and inorganic selenium were used in the research process and in the new composition.

Eksperimentā tika pētītas dažādas jaunā sastāva zāļu formas. Konkrēti, tika izmantota kapsulu forma, kuras sastāvā tika iekļauts selēns un E vitamīns: selēns 0,1-0,2 mg un E vitamīns - 5-10 mg. Tika izgatavota ari zāļu forma, kad vienlaikus tiek nozīmētas selēna tabletes un E vitamīna kapsulas tādās pašās attiecībās.The experiment investigated different formulations of the new formulation. Specifically, a capsule form was used containing selenium and vitamin E: selenium 0.1-0.2 mg and vitamin E 5-10 mg. A dosage form was also prepared whereby selenium tablets and vitamin E capsules were administered at the same ratio.

Izgudrojuma izpildes ieteicamie piemēriSuggested Examples for Executing the Invention

Selēns Latvijā ir reģistrēts kā uztura bagātinātājs, kā ari tiek rekomendēts plašai pielietošanai kā antioksidants. Saskaņā ar PVO (Pasaules Veselības organizācijas) ieteikumiem patiesi drošs un efektīvs selēna lietošanas līmenis ir tāds, kad selēna atkarīgā fermenta glutationperoksidāzes (GPX) aktivitāte ir 66% (2/3) no maksimālās.Selenium is registered in Latvia as a dietary supplement and is recommended for widespread use as an antioxidant. According to WHO (World Health Organization) recommendations, a truly safe and effective level of selenium use is that the selenium-dependent enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is 66% (2/3) of the maximum.

E vitamīnam (fl//ū-tokoferols) piemīt antioksidanta īpašības. Tas inhibē organismā tauku oksidāciju un pārskābju veidošanos. Ir zināma E vitamīna pielietošana aknu un grūtniecības patoloģiju gadījumos, kā ari neauglības ārstēšanā.Vitamin E (β-β-tocopherol) has antioxidant properties. It inhibits fat oxidation in the body and the formation of acid acids. The use of vitamin E in liver and pregnancy pathologies and in the treatment of infertility is known.

Lai jaunajam līdzeklim atrastu komponentu sastāvdaļas, izgudrojuma optimālās formas izstrādes procesā, tika pētīts organiskais un neorganiskais selēns. Organisma apgāde ar selēnu var notikt organiska savienojuma veidā, kas sastāv no aminoskābēm (selēnmetionīns, selēncisteīns u.c.), kā ari neorganisku sāļu veidā (nātrija selenīta vai selenāta) formā. Gan organiskais, gan neorganiskais selēns viegli uzsūcas kuņģa un zarnu traktā [38].Organic and inorganic selenium were studied in order to find the components of the new product in the process of developing the optimal form of the invention. Selenium can be supplied to the body in the form of an organic compound consisting of amino acids (selenomethionine, selenecysteine, etc.) as well as inorganic salts (sodium selenite or selenate). Both organic and inorganic selenium is readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract [38].

Slimnieki, jauno E vitamīnu un organisko selēnu saturošo līdzekli, uzņēma vienu reizi dienā per os, jaunā līdzekļa uzņemšana nebija atkarīga no ēdiena uzņemšanas laika. Kursa ilgums bija 2-4 mēnešus, jau pēc 2 jaunā līdzekļa uzņemšanas mēnešiem tika konstatēta efektīva glutamāta līmeņa samazināšanās asinīs (no 18,9 mmol/1 līdz 3,1 mmol/1, p<0,05). Pētījuma procesā netika konstatētas jaunā līdzekļa pielietošanas blaknes.The patients received the new vitamin E and organic selenium product once a day orally, and the new product was not dependent on food intake. The duration of the course was 2 to 4 months, with an effective reduction in blood glutamate levels (from 18.9 mmol / l to 3.1 mmol / l, p <0.05) after 2 months of dosing. No adverse reactions to the new agent were detected during the study.

Tika pētīts ari jaunais līdzeklis ar E vitamīnu un neorganisko selēnu (selenīta nātrija veidā), slimnieki to uzņēma vienu reizi dienā per os. Jaunā līdzekļa uzņemšana nebija atkarīga no ēdiena uzņemšanas laika. 6 nedēļas pēc ārstēšanas kursa sākuma 5 no 18 slimniekiem parādījās blaknes - kā selēna un/vai ķiploka piegarša mutē. Glutamāta līmenis asinīs pazeminājās līdz 4,1 mmol/1, p<0,05. Glutamāta līmeņa pazemināšanās efektivitāte asinīs jaunā līdzekļa sastāvā ar neorganisko selēnu vidēji bija par 10-12% zemāka, salīdzinot ar glutamāta līmeņa pazemināšanās efektivitāti asinīs, izmantojot jaunā līdzekļa sastāvā organisko selēnu.A new agent containing vitamin E and inorganic selenium (in the form of sodium selenite) was also studied and was taken orally once daily. The ingestion of the new product was not dependent on the time taken for the meal. Within 6 weeks of starting treatment, 5 of the 18 patients developed side effects such as selenium and / or garlic in the mouth. Blood glutamate decreased to 4.1 mmol / l, p <0.05. The effect of lowering the glutamate level in the blood with the new agent containing inorganic selenium was on average 10-12% lower than the effect of lowering the glutamate level in the blood with the new agent containing organic selenium.

Izklāstītie dati par sarežģītību, kas saistīta ar optimālo jaunā sastāva pielietošanas formu - labi zināma speciālistiem, kuri nodarbojas ar jaunu līdzekļu meklēšanu augsta glutamāta līmeņa pazemināšanai asinīs. Eksperimentāli tika atrasta optimālā selēna forma, kuras izmantošana līdzekļa sastāvā dod iespēju efektīvi pazemināt augstu glutamāta līmeni asinīs.The presented data on the complexity associated with the optimal application of the new formulation is well known to those skilled in the art of finding new means to lower high glutamate levels in the blood. Experimentally, the optimal form of selenium has been found, which, when used in the composition, enables to effectively lower high blood glutamate levels.

Lai izstrādātu optimālo devu un jaunā sastāva komponentu attiecību, tika mērīts selēna atkarigs ferments glutationperoksidāze (GPX). Saskaņā ar PVO (Pasaules Veselības organizācijas) ieteikumiem nepieciešamā un pietiekošā selēna deva ir tāda, kad GPX aktivitāte sastāda 66% (2/3) no maksimālās [37]. Jaunā sastāva izstrādes procesā tika izmantots organiskais selēns 0,1-0,2 mg dienā. Selēna pielietošanas efektivitāte tika kontrolēta ar glutationperoksidāzes aktivitāti [38].A selenium-dependent enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was measured to determine the optimal dose-to-component ratio. According to WHO (World Health Organization) recommendations, the necessary and sufficient dose of selenium is such that GPX activity is 66% (2/3) of the maximum [37]. Organic selenium 0.1-0.2 mg daily was used in the development of the new composition. The efficiency of selenium application was controlled by glutathione peroxidase activity [38].

Nozīmējot organisko selēnu, kura deva dienā ir 0,5 - 0,75 mg, netika konstatēts selēna atkarīgās glutationperoksidāzes aktivitātes pieaugums un netika efektīvi pazemināts augstais glutamāta līmenis asinīs. Glutamāta līmenis asinīs nedaudz pazeminājās, tomēr salīdzinot ar normu, joprojām tas palika paaugstināts (18,9 mrnol/1). Selēna daudzuma samazināšanās, kas ir mazāka par 0,1 mg, izraisa jaunā preparāta aktivitātes samazināšanos un netiek pavadīta ar nepieciešamo selēna atkarīgās glutationperoksidāzes aktivitātes pieaugumu. Palielinot selēna daudzumu virs 0,2 mg, atsevišķos gadījumos tika izsauktas blaknes kā ķiploku un/vai rauga piegaršas parādīšanās. Tieši izgudrojumā norādītā selēna deva izraisīja selēna atkarīgās glutationperoksidāzes aktivitātes pieaugumu, tā sasniedza maksimumu, pārejot platofazē. Proti, palielinot selēna devu, selēna atkarīgās glutationperoksidāzes aktivitāte nepalielinās. Tas liecina, ka jaunā līdzekļa sastāvā iekļautā organiskā selēna deva - 0,1— 0,2 mg, no efektivitātes viedokļa ir optimāla.Organic selenium given at a daily dose of 0.5-0.75 mg did not increase selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity and did not effectively reduce high blood glutamate levels. Blood glutamate decreased slightly, but still remained elevated (18.9 mrnol / l) when compared to the norm. A decrease in selenium less than 0.1 mg results in a decrease in the activity of the new formulation and is not accompanied by the necessary increase in selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity. Increasing the amount of selenium to above 0.2 mg has led to occasional adverse reactions as garlic and / or yeast. It was the claimed dose of selenium that led to an increase in selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity, which peaked during the transition to platophase. Namely, increasing the selenium dose does not increase the activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase. This indicates that the dose of 0.1 to 0.2 mg of organic selenium in the new product is optimal in terms of efficacy.

Tika noskaidrots, ka selēna aktivitāte palielinās E vitamīna (u//h-tokoferols, deva 5-10 mg) klātbūtnē. E vitamīna pielietošana jaunajā sastāvā mazākā koncentrācijā (mazāk kā 5 mg) neizraisīja efektīvu augsta glutamāta līmeņa pazemināšanos asinīs. Devas palielināšana virs 10 mg sagādāja grūtības jaunā līdzekļa kapsulu formas ražošanā - bija vērojama jaunā līdzekļa sastāvdaļu noslāņošanās. Efektīva augsta glutamāta līmeņa pazemināšanās asinīs tika konstatēta, pielietojot jauno organisko selēnu saturošu līdzekli, kura deva - 0,1- 0,2 mg un E vitamīnu, kura deva - 5-10 mg. Iespējams, ka E vitamīns kā efektīvs antioksidants, daļēji pārņēma masīvos brīvos radikāļus, atbrīvojot selēnu glutamāta piesaistei un transportam. Tādējādi, izmantojot jauno līdzekli, tika sasniegta efektīva augsta glutamāta līmeņa pazemināšanās asinīs.Selenium activity was found to be increased in the presence of vitamin E (u-h-tocopherol, 5-10 mg). Use of vitamin E in the new formulation at lower concentrations (less than 5 mg) did not result in effective lowering of high glutamate levels in the blood. Increasing the dose above 10 mg made it difficult to manufacture the capsule formulation of the new agent, which was characterized by the delamination of the components of the new agent. Effective lowering of high glutamate levels in the blood was observed with the new organic selenium containing 0.1-0.2 mg and vitamin E 5-10 mg. It is possible that vitamin E, as an effective antioxidant, partially absorbed massive free radicals, releasing selenium for glutamate uptake and transport. Thus, the effective use of high levels of glutamate in the blood was achieved with the new agent.

Eksperimentāli tika atrasts jaunā līdzekļa sastāvs, kas satur organisko selēnu, kura deva - 0,1-0,2 mg dienā un E vitamīnu, kura deva - 50-100 mg. Šis jaunais līdzeklis tika izmantots augsta glutamāta līmeņa pazemināšanai asinīs.Experimentally, a new formulation was found containing organic selenium at a dose of 0.1-0.2 mg daily and vitamin E at a dose of 50-100 mg. This new agent was used to lower high levels of glutamate in the blood.

Eksperimentāli atrastā jaunā līdzekļa sastāva komponentu attiecība deva iespēju saglabāt jaunā līdzekļa tehnoloģiskās īpašības un stabilitāti 36 mēnešu laikā.The experimentally found ratio of the components of the new formulation allowed the technological properties and stability of the new formulation to be maintained for 36 months.

Piemērs I-IIExample I-II

Jaunā līdzekļa sastāvā ietilpst:The new product includes:

selēns 0,1-0,2 mgselenium 0.1-0.2 mg

E vitamīns (a//d-tokoferols) 5,0 -10,0 mg.Vitamin E (α / d-tocopherol) 5.0 -10.0 mg.

Sastāva sagatavošanas paņēmiens:Composition preparation method:

Lai sagatavotu sastāvu, laboratorijas glāzē tiek nosvērts selēns 1,0 - 2,0 mg. Atsevišķi tiek nosvērts aZ/b-tokoferols (E vitamīns) daudzumā 50,0 - 200,0 mg. Lai izveidotu vienveidīgu masu, abi komponenti tiek sajaukti. Ērtākas izmantošanas nolūkos, jaunais līdzeklis var būt izgatavots kapsulu veidā.To prepare the composition, weigh 1.0 to 2.0 mg of selenium in a laboratory glass. Weigh separately aZ / b-tocopherol (vitamin E) in an amount of 50.0 to 200.0 mg. The two components are mixed to form a uniform mass. For ease of use, the new agent may be in the form of capsules.

Jaunā līdzekļa izmantošanas procesā ir pieļaujama ari komponentu atsevišķa izmantošana, t.i., selēna tabletes (0,1 - 0,2 mg) un E vitamīna kapsulas (5,0 -10,0 mg).In the process of using the new agent, separate use of components is also allowed, i.e. selenium tablets (0.1 - 0.2 mg) and vitamin E capsules (5.0 - 10.0 mg).

Konkrēti piemēri, kas liecina, ka izmantojot jauno līdzekli, ir iespēja pazemināt augstu glutamāta līmeni asinīs.Concrete examples show that the new agent has the potential to lower high levels of glutamate in the blood.

Piemērs 1. Slimnieks P„ diagnoze - PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder), posttraumatisks stresa sindroms, tas ir hipertrofetu psihofirioloģisku reakciju komplekss, kas var attīstīties pēc traumatiska stresa izraisītiem pārdzīvojumiem: ilūzijas, halucinācijas, izvairīšanās vai nejūtīgums, kas ilgst ne mazāk kā vienu mēnesi. Izmeklējot slimnieku, konstatēja augstu glutamāta līmeni asinīs (24,6 mmol/1). Pacients jauno selēnu un E vitamīnu saturošu līdzekli saņēma sastāva veidā, 2 mēnešu laikā per os 1 reizi dienā. Tika izmeklēts atkārtoti, glutamāta līmenis asinīs ticami (p<0,05) pazeminājās un pēc 2 mēnešiem bija 3,1 mmol/1. Statistiski ticams glutationperoksidāzes aktivitātes pieaugums bija 19,93±12,48 U/g Hb (p<0,05 Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Tēst): pirms jaunā sastāva izmantošanas glutationperoksidāzes aktivitāte bija 38,64 ± 10,72 U/g Hb, pēc 2 mēnešiem pēc jaunā līdzekļa pielietošanas aktivitāte bija 58,57±14,64 U/g Hb. Klīniskie izmeklējumi, izmantojot vērtēšanas skalu PCZ-Af [10-11], apstiprināja PTSD simptomu izzušanu.Example 1. Patient P "diagnosis - Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a post-traumatic stress syndrome, a complex of hypertrophic psycho-physiological reactions that can develop after traumatic stress-related experiences: illusion, hallucination, avoidance, or numbness for at least one month. . High levels of glutamate in the blood (24.6 mmol / l) were found in the patient. The patient received the new selenium and vitamin E containing formulation once daily for 2 months. Re-examined, blood glutamate levels were reliably (p <0.05) lowered to 3.1 mmol / l after 2 months. The statistically significant increase in glutathione peroxidase activity was 19.93 ± 12.48 U / g Hb (p <0.05 Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test): before using the new formulation, glutathione peroxidase activity was 38.64 ± 10.72 U / g Hb, months after application of the new agent, the activity was 58.57 ± 14.64 U / g Hb. Clinical trials using the PCZ-Af scoring scale [10-11] confirmed the resolution of PTSD symptoms.

Pielietojot jauno selēnu un E vitamīnu saturošu līdzekli sastāva veidā, konstatēja augsta glutamāta līmeņa pazemināšanos asinīs (no 24,6 mmol/1 līdz 3,1 mmol/1, p<0,05) un pāruzbudinājuma izpausmju korekciju, kas izpaudās kā slimnieka klīniskā stāvokļa uzlabošanās. PTSD sindroms netika konstatēts (nebija trauksmes un veģetatīvu traucējumu).During the application of the new formulation containing selenium and vitamin E, high levels of glutamate in the blood (24.6 mmol / l to 3.1 mmol / l, p <0.05) and correction of agitation were manifested as the patient's clinical status. improvement. No PTSD syndrome (no anxiety and vegetative disorders).

Piemērs 2. Slimnieks M.. diagnoze - PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder), posttraumatisks stresa sindroms. Izmeklējot slimnieku, konstatēja augstu glutamāta līmeni asinīs (26,7 mmol/1), 4 mēnešus pacients saņēma jauno līdzekli kapsulu veidā ar E vitamīnu, vienlaicīgi uzņemot tabletes ar selēnu. Pēc 4 mēnešiem tika izmeklēts atkārtoti, glutamāta līmenis asinīs ticami pazeminājās un bija 2,8 mmol/1. Klīniskie izmeklējumi, izmantojot vērtēšanas skalu PCL-M [10-11J, apstiprināja PTSD simptomu izzušanu.Example 2: Diagnosis of PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder), Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome. The patient's blood levels of glutamate were high (26.7 mmol / l), and the patient received the new product in the form of vitamin E capsules for 4 months while taking selenium tablets. After a 4-month follow-up, blood glutamate levels were reliably lowered to 2.8 mmol / l. Clinical examinations using the PCL-M [10-11J] scale confirmed the resolution of PTSD symptoms.

Pielietojot jauno līdzekli kapsulu veidā ar E vitamīnu, vienlaicīgi uzņemot tabletes ar selēnu, konstatēja augsta glutamāta līmeņa pazemināšanos asinīs (no 26,7 mmol/1 līdz 2,8 mmol/1) un pāruzbudinājuma izpausmju korekciju, kas izpaudās kā slimnieka klīniskā stāvokļa uzlabošanās. PTSD sindroms pēc jaunā līdzekļa pielietošanas netika konstatēts (nebija trauksmes un veģetatīvu traucējumu).Administration of the new agent in the form of capsules containing vitamin E, concomitant administration of selenium tablets, resulted in high blood glutamate lowering (from 26.7 mmol / l to 2.8 mmol / l) and correction of agitation, which resulted in improvement of the patient's clinical condition. PTSD syndrome was not detected after the application of the new agent (no anxiety and vegetative disorders).

Visi laboratorijas testi tika veikti Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes bioķīmijas laboratorijā. Par līdzekli, kas pazemina augstu glutamāta līmeni asinīs tika izmantots jaunais organisko selēnu un E vitamīnu saturošs līdzeklis. Pētījumi tika veikti ar Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Ētikas komisijas atļauju. Izmeklējumu protokols, piekrišanas protokols un dalības anketa atbilst Eiropas Direktīvai «Teicama klīniskā prakse” un Helsinku Deklarācijai. Interešu konflikts nepastāv.All laboratory tests were performed at Riga Stradins University Biochemistry Laboratory. The new agent containing organic selenium and vitamin E was used as a means to lower high blood glutamate levels. The research was carried out with the permission of the Ethics Commission of Riga Stradins University. The study protocol, consent protocol, and membership form comply with the European Directive on Good Clinical Practice and the Helsinki Declaration. There is no conflict of interest.

Lai izpētītu jaunā līdzekļa iedarbības efektivitāti saistībā ar augsta glutamāta līmeņa pazemināšanos asinīs, tika izmeklēti 18 pacienti, 9 no tiem saņēma jauno līdzekli 2-4 mēnešus, bet cita grupa - 9 slimnieki to nesaņēma. Pacientu diagnoze — PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) - posttraumatisks stresa sindroms.To investigate the effectiveness of the new agent in reducing high glutamate levels in the blood, 18 patients were studied, 9 of whom received the new agent for 2 to 4 months, while the other group did not receive 9. Patient diagnosis - PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) - Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome.

Lai monitorētu kairināmības procesus un noteiktu atkarību starp kairināmības procesu, glutamāta līmeni un PTSD attīstību, visu 18 pacientu asinīs tika noteikts glutamāta līmenis. Glutamāta līmenis asinīs tika noteikts pēc Lund metodes [7]. Metode apvieno glutamāta ekstrakciju ar organiskiem šķīdinātājiem un to turpmāku spektrofotometrisku noteikšanu ar fhiometrisko detektoru Schoeffel GM 970. Tika izmantotas kolonas Nucleosil 120-508; 4,6S250 mm ar daļiņu izmēru 5 mkm. Lai iegūtu plazmu, heparinizētas asinis tika centrifugētas 10 minūtes 4° C, plazmas deproteinizācija tika veikta ar sulfasalicilskābi (30 mg/ml plazmā).Blood glutamate levels were measured in all 18 patients to monitor the irritation processes and determine the relationship between the irritation process, glutamate levels and PTSD development. Blood glutamate levels were determined by the Lund method [7]. The method combines glutamate extraction with organic solvents and their subsequent spectrophotometric detection with a Schoeffel GM 970 phiometric detector. Nucleosil 120-508 columns were used; 4.6S250 mm with a particle size of 5 mkm. To obtain plasma, the heparinized blood was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 4 ° C, and plasma deproteinization was performed with sulfasalicylic acid (30 mg / ml in plasma).

Sākumā visiem 18 slimniekiem ar PTSD tika konstatēts augsts (no 15,8 līdzAt baseline, all 18 patients with PTSD were found to be high (range 15.8 to

30,2 mmol/1) glutamāta līmenis asinīs. Lai slimniekiem ar PTSD (PTSD slimnieku grupa, n=9) pazeminātu glutamāta līmeni asinīs, tika nozīmēts jaunā līdzekļa ārstniecības kurss 1 reizi dienā 2-4 mēnešus. Jaunais līdzeklis bija labi panesams, kā ari tam netika novērotas blaknes un kontrindikācijas. Jaunā līdzekļa sastāvā bija organiskais selēns un E vitamīns. Kontroles grupa (PTSD slimnieku kontroles grupa n=9) jauno līdzekli nesaņēma. Ticams (p<0,05) pazeminājums (no 2,8 līdz 4,0 mmol/1) glutamata līmenim asinīs (norma no 2,32 līdz 3,14 mmol/1) tika konstatēts slimniekiem, kuri uzņēma jauno līdzekli (n=9). Slimniekiem, kuri neuzņēma jauno līdzekli (kontroles grupa, n=9), saglabājās paaugstināts glutamata līmenis asinīs (no 16,2 līdz 28,9 mmol/1).30.2 mmol / l) blood glutamate. In order to lower blood glutamate levels in patients with PTSD (PTSD population, n = 9), the treatment was given once daily for 2 to 4 months. The new agent was well tolerated and there were no side effects and contraindications. The new product contained organic selenium and vitamin E. The control group (PTSD patient control group n = 9) did not receive the new agent. A reliable (p <0.05) decrease (2.8 to 4.0 mmol / L) in blood glutamate levels (range 2.32 to 3.14 mmol / L) was observed in patients receiving the new agent (n = 9). Patients who did not receive the new agent (control group, n = 9) maintained elevated glutamate levels in the blood (16.2 to 28.9 mmol / l).

Pētījuma rezultātu statistiskā apstrāde tika veikta, izmantojot SPSS 16,0 datorprogrammu. Tika izmantotas variāciju statistikas metodes, izmantojot pāra un neatkarīgo Stjūdenta t-kritēriju, korelācijas analīzē. Par ticamības kritēriju tika uzskatīts līmenis p<0,05. Salīdzinot variāciju rindas, tika ņemtas vērā ticamas atšķirības (p<0,05).Statistical treatment of the study results was performed using SPSS 16.0 software. Variance statistics methods using paired and independent Student's t-criteria were used for correlation analysis. A p <0.05 level was considered as a confidence criterion. Reliable differences (p <0.05) were considered when comparing the series of variations.

Rūpnieciskais pielietojumsIndustrial application

Par līdzekli, kas pazemina paaugstinātu glutamata līmeni asinīs var tikt izmantots jaunais līdzeklis, kas satur organisko selēnu un E vitamīnu. Jaunā līdzekļa uzņemšanas laiks nav atkarigs no ēdiena uzņemšanas laika. Jaunā līdzekļa uzņemšanas kurss, lai pazeminātu augstu glutamata līmeni asinīs, ilgst 2-4 mēnešus, nepieciešamības gadījumā var tikt pagarināts līdz 6 mēnešiem.A new agent containing organic selenium and vitamin E may be used as a means to lower the high glutamate levels in the blood. The timing of the new product does not depend on the timing of the food. The uptake of the new agent to lower high levels of glutamate in the blood lasts for 2-4 months and can be extended to 6 months if needed.

Jaunais līdzeklis ir labi panesams, tam nepiemīt blaknes un kontrindikācijas. Jaunais līdzeklis satur organisko selēnu un E vitamīnu.The new agent is well tolerated and has no side effects or contraindications. The new product contains organic selenium and vitamin E.

Rūpnieciskās formas sastāvam, kurš pazemina augstu glutamata līmeni asinīs:For an industrial formulation that lowers high levels of glutamate in the blood:

• jaunais līdzeklis var tikt izmantots sastāva veidā, kas satur organisko selēnu 0,1-0,2 mg un E vitamīnu (αΖ/α-tokoferols) - 5,0-10,0 mg; lai pielietošana būtu ērtāka, jaunais līdzeklis var būt izgatavots kapsulu veidā, • iespējams vienlaicīgi uzņemt tabletes, kuras satur 0,1 mg selēna un kapsulas ar E vitamīnu devā 5,0-10,0 mg.• the new agent can be used in the form of a composition containing 0.1-0.2 mg of organic selenium and 5.0-10.0 mg of vitamin E (αΖ / α-tocopherol); for ease of use, the new agent may be in the form of capsules, • it is possible to take tablets containing 0.1 mg selenium and capsules containing vitamin E in a dose of 5.0-10.0 mg at the same time.

Informācijas avotiSources of information

1. Hediger MA, Welboume TC (1999) Introduction: glutamate transport, metabolism, and physiological responses. Am J Physiol.; 277(4 Pt 2):F477-80.1. Hediger MA, Welboume TC (1999) Introduction: glutamate transport, metabolism, and physiological responses. Am J Physiol .; 277 (4 Pt 2): F477-80.

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Biochemistry and Physiology (Filer, L. J., Jr., Garattini, S., Kāre, M. R., Reynolds, W. A. & Wurtman, R. J., eds.), pp. 255-275, Raven Press, New York.Biochemistry and Physiology (Filer, L. J., Jr., Garattini, S., Kare, M. R., Reynolds, W. A. & Wurtman, R. J., eds.), P. 255-275, Raven Press, New York.

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5. Anwyl R. Modulation of vertebrate neuronal calcium channels by transmitters // Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 1991. V.16. Ne 3. P. 265-2817.5. Anwyl R. Modulation of vertebrate neuronal calcium channels by transmitters // Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 1991. V.16. No. 3. P. 265-2817.

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7. Lund, P., (1986) L-Glutamine and L-Glutamate: UV-Method with Glutaminase and Glutamate Dehydrogenase. In Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Volume 8, H. U. Bergmeyer, (ed). VCH, Verlagsgesellschafl, Weinheim, pp 357-363.7. Lund, P., (1986) L-Glutamine and L-Glutamate: UV-Method with Glutaminase and Glutamate Dehydrogenase. In Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Volume 8, H. U. Bergmeyer, (ed). VCH, Verlagsgesellschafl, Weinheim, pp 357-363.

8. F Wesseldijk, D Fekkes, FJ Huygen, M van de Heide-Mulder, FJ Zijlstra Increased plasma glutamate, glycine, and arginine Ievels in complex regional pain syndrome type8. F Wesseldijk, D Fekkes, FJ Huygen, M van de Heide-Mulder, FJ Zijlstra Increased plasma glutamate, glycine, and arginine Ievels in complex regional pain syndrome type

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9. J. S. Kim, W. Schmid-Burgk, D. Claus and Η. H. Increased seram glutamate in depressed patients Komhuber EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE Volume 232, Number 4, 299-304, DOI:9. J. S. Kim, W. Schmid-Burgk, D. Claus and Η. H. Increased Serum Glutamate in Depressed Patients Komhuber EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE Volume 232, Number 4, 299-304, DOI:

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10. American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Revised 4th ed.) 309.81. Washington, DC: Author.10. American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Revised 4th ed.) 309.81. Washington, DC: Author.

11. Weathers, F. W., Keane, Τ. M., & Davidson, J. Clinician-administered PTSD scale: A review of the first ten years of research. Depression and Anxiety 2001; 13:132-156.11. Weathers, F. W., Keane, Τ. M., & Davidson, J. Clinician-administered PTSD scale: A review of the first ten years of research. Depression and Anxiety 2001; 13: 132-156.

12. Nakayama R., Yano T, Ushijima K., Abe E., Terasaki H. Effects of dantrolene on extracellular glutamate concentration and neuronal death in the rat hippocampal CA1 region subjected to transient ischemia. Anesthesiology. 2002 Mar;96(3):705-10.12. Nakayama R., Yano T, Ushijima K., Abe E., Terasaki H. Effects of dantrolene on extracellular glutamate concentration and neuronal death in rat CA hippocampal subject to transient ischemia. Anesthesiology. 2002 Mar; 96 (3): 705-10.

13. Tauskela JS, Brunette F, O'Reilly N, Mealing G, Comas T, Gendron TF, Monette R, Morley P. An alternative Ca2+-dependent mechanism of neuroprotection by the metalloporphyrin class of superoxide dismutase mimetics. FASEB J. 2005 Oct; 19(12): 1734-6. Epub 2005 Aug 4.13. Tauskela JS, Brunette F, O'Reilly N, Mealing G, Comas T, Gendron TF, Monette R, Morley P. An alternative Ca 2+ -dependent mechanism of neuroprotection by the metalloporphyrin class of superoxide dismutase mimetics. FASEB J. 2005 Oct; 19 (12): 1734-6. Epub 2005 Aug 4.

14. Baker, A.J., Moulton, R.J., MacMillan, V.H., Shedden, P.M., 1993. Excitatory amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid following traumatic brain injury in humāns. J. Neurosurg. 79, 369-372.14. Baker, A.J., Moulton, R.J., MacMillan, V.H., and Shedden, P.M., 1993. Excitatory amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid following traumatic brain injury in human. J. Neurosurg. 79, 369-372.

15. Waggas AM. Neuroprotective evaluation of extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) root in monosodium glutamate-induced toxicity in different brain areas male albino rats. Pak J Biol Sci. 2009 Feb 1; 12(3):201-12.15. Waggs AM. Neuroprotective evaluation of extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) root in monosodium glutamate-induced toxicity in different brain areas male albino rat. Pak J Biol Sci. Feb 1, 2009; 12 (3): 201-12.

16. Pauwels PJ, Leysen JE. Blockade of nitric oxide formation does not prevent glutamateinduced neurotoxicity in neuronal cultures from rat hippocampus. Neurosci Lett. 1992;143(l-2):27-30.16. Pauwels PJ, Leysen JE. Blockade of nitric oxide formation does not prevent glutamateinduced neurotoxicity in neuronal cultures from rat hippocampus. Neurosci Lett. 1992; 143 (1-2): 27-30.

17. Pittenger C, Sanacora G, Krystal JH. The NMDA receptor as a therapeutic target in major depressive disorder. GNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2007;6(2): 101-15.17. Pittenger C, Sanacora G, Krystal JH. The NMDA receptor is a therapeutic target in major depressive disorder. GNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2007; 6 (2): 101-15.

18. Gottlieb, M., Wang, Y., Teichberg, V.I., 2003. Blood-mediated scavenging of cerebrospinal fluid glutamate. J. Neurochem. 87, 119-126 Experimental Neurology 203(2007)213-220.18. Gottlieb, M., Wang, Y., and Teichberg, V.I., 2003. Blood-mediated scavenging of cerebrospinal fluid glutamate. J. Neurochem. 87, 119-126 Experimental Neurology 203 (2007) 213-220.

19. Parsons C.G., Danysz W., Quack G. Memantine is a clinically well tolerated N-methylD-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist — a rev iew of preciinical data. Neuropharmacology 1999; 38: 3: 735-767.19. Parsons C.G., Danysz W., Quack G. Memantine is a clinically well tolerated N-methylD-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist - a rev iew of preclinical data. Neuropharmacology 1999; 38: 3: 735-767.

20. Pat. WO 99/21565, Al, A61K38/00.20. Pat. WO 99/21565, A1, A61K38 / 00.

21. Haiper's fllustrated Biochemistry, 28th Edition By Robert K. Murray, Victor W. Rodwell, Dāvid Bender, Kathleen M. Botham, P. Antbony Weil, Peter J. Kennelly Publisher: McGraw-Hill Medical 2009; chapter 29.21. Haiper's Fllustrated Biochemistry, 28th Edition By Robert K. Murray, Victor W. Rodwell, David Bender, Kathleen M. Botham, P. Antbony Weil, Peter J. Kennelly Publisher: McGraw-Hill Medical 2009; chapter 29.

22. Chrysanthy Ikonomidou and Prof Lechoslaw Tursk Why did NMDA receptor antagonists fail clinical trials for stroke and traumatic brain injury? The LancetNeurology Volume 1, Issue 6, October 2002, Pages 383-386.22. Chrysanthy Ikonomidou and Prof Lechoslaw Cod Why did NMDA receptor antagonists fail clinical trials for stroke and traumatic brain injury? The LancetNeurology Volume 1, Issue 6, October 2002, Pages 383-386.

23. Palmer GC. Neuroprotection by NMDA receptor antagonists in a variety of neuropathologies. Curr Drug Targ 2: 241-271,2001.23. Palmer GC. Neuroprotection by NMDA receptor antagonists in a variety of neuropathologies. Curr Drug Targ 2: 241-271,2001.

24. Baik HJ, Lee SA, Washington JM, Zuo ZY. Amitriptyline inhibits the activity of the rat glutamate transporter EAAT3 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2009 May;61(5):577-81.24. Baik HJ, Lee SA, Washington JM, Zuo ZY. Amitriptyline inhibits activity of the rat glutamate transporter EAAT3 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2009 May; 61 (5): 577-81.

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Claims (2)

PRETENZIJATHE CLAIM 1. Līdzeklis augsta glutamāta līmeņa pazemināšanai asinīs raksturīgs ar to, ka satur selēnu un E vitamīnu šādā komponentu masas attiecībā, mg:1. An agent for lowering high glutamate levels in the blood, characterized in that it contains selenium and vitamin E in the following weight ratio of components: selēns 0,1 - 0,2 mgselenium 0.1 - 0.2 mg E vitamīns (aZ/ū-tokoferols) 5,0 -10,0 mg.Vitamin E (α / β-tocopherol) 5.0 -10.0 mg. 2. Līdzeklis saskaņā ar 1. pretenziju raksturīgs ar to, ka satur organisko selēnu.The agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains organic selenium.
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