LV14048B - Battery charger - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention refers to battery chargers, especially to lead-acid, NiCD and NiMH battery chargers. The battery charger offered comprises a current inlet module 1 and a charging module 2 which is connected to the current inlet module 1 and comprises thyristors Q1 - Q12 arranged in line. Besides the driver cascade module 4 and output module 9 are connected to the charging module 2. Furthermore, the outlet switch 10 is connected to an outlet filter 9. Besides, current control and pre-processing modules 12 and 14 are connected to the outlet switch 10. The charger additionally comprises a discharging module 6 with its own driver cascade module 6 connected to the current inlet module 1. Charging and discharging modules 2 and 3 are provided with at least two thyristors Q1 - Q12 connected in parallel and opposite to each other current flow direction. Additionally, the charger comprises control module 15 with interface 16 for control of charging process.

Description

Description of the Invention

The present invention relates to battery chargers, in particular to lead-acid, LiON, NiCD and NiMH battery chargers, which use parallel, reverse-closed thyristors which provide a pulsed current charge and / or a pulse current of alternating polarity.

A number of scientific studies confirm the positive effect of pulsed current and / or alternating polarity pulse current on lead-acid and NiCD, NiMH batteries. Current equipment is complex and expensive, and ongoing research is under way to make it commercially viable.

U.S. Patent No. 4,394,423 is known to US, which describes a power supply circuit utilizing six control thyristors to control a single-polar current. This solution does not have the power of reversible current control, and there are always two active closed-circuit thyristors, which increases the losses.

US patent US3753044 is known, which describes a control circuit or device for switching 3 independent loads [three-phase load]. The device is not designed for phase regulation. The solution uses parallel, opposed closed thyristors as a power element.

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a battery charger (known in the art) comprising a power input module 1 and a charging module 2 comprising a series of closed thyristors connected to a power input module 1 to which the charging cascade module 4 is connected. , an output filter 9 and an output switch 10 coupled to an output filter 9, to which the output switch 10 is provided with power control and pretreatment modules 12 and 14. The charger also includes a control module 15 with an interface 16 to which the control module 15 is connected. with power input module 1, driver cascade module 4, output switch 10, and power control and pretreatment modules 12 and 14 to provide control. Said control module 15 can be controlled via interface 16. Such a construction describes the general state of the art for battery chargers.

The object of the invention is to optimize the design of the charger and increase the performance of the rechargeable batteries by providing two-way current. This is accomplished by creating a battery charger containing a power supply module; will charge a module comprising a series of closed thyristors connected to a power supply module, wherein the charging module is connected to a driver cascade module. Charges have an output filter attached to the module. The output switch is connected to the output filter. On the other hand, the output switch is equipped with power control and pretreatment modules. The battery charger also includes a control module with its interface, wherein the control module is connected to a power input module, a driver cascade module, an output switch and power control and preprocessor modules to provide control of the driver cascade module and the output switch. The battery charger differs from the analogs in that it additionally contains a discharge module connected to the power supply module with its own driver cascade module, which in turn is connected to the control module. In addition, each charge and discharge module separately has at least two thyristors, which are closed in parallel and opposite to each other in the direction of current flow. There is a series of closed protection cascades between the charging module and the output filter, and a series of closed protection cascades between the discharge module and the output filter respectively. There is a variant where a dumper is added to the output filter. It is this design, in particular, which includes both discharge and rechargeable modules with parallel and reverse transistors, which allow the batteries to be charged with pulsed current and / or pulsed alternating polarity, which significantly increases the efficiency of battery charging.

The embodiments of the invention are also as follows:

- a series of filter and amplifier are connected between the current control and pretreatment modules and the control module;

- the discharge and charge modules comprise two semiconductor reversible rectifiers, which receive phase-to-phase and reverse-phase transformed primary voltage from the power supply module;

- in the case of a three-phase current, the battery additionally contains three pairs of charge current and discharge modules and three pairs of driver cascade modules respectively;

The battery charger comprises a computer program containing instructions that can be executed through a control module, wherein the computer program is configured to ensure successful operation of the charger.

The invention is further explained by the following drawings:

Fig.2 - Flowchart of the proposed battery charger;

Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a proposed battery charger in the case of a three-phase current;

Fig.4 - detailed circuit diagram of thyristors in case of single-phase voltage;

Fig. 5 - detailed circuit diagram of thyristors in case of three-phase voltage;

Fig.6 - Operation diagrams of the proposed battery charger in case of three-phase voltage.

The present invention (see Fig. 2), in addition to the already known battery charger elements, comprises a discharge module 6 connected to the power supply module 1 with its driver cascade module 8 which in turn is connected to the control module 15, each charging a pair of modules 2 and discharge modules 6. have at least two thyristors Q1 - Q12 which are connected in parallel and opposite to each other in the direction of current flow. There is a series of closed protection cascades 3 between the charging module 2 and the output filter 9 and a series of closed protection cascades 7 between the discharge module 6 and the output filter 9. In addition, a demister 5 is connected to the output filter. the control module 15 comprises a series closed filter 11 and an amplifier 13.

In another embodiment (Fig. 3), the battery charger comprises three pairs of charge current and discharge modules 2 and 6 and three pairs of driver cascade modules 4 and 8 respectively. The following circuitry ensures that the battery charger operates when it is connected to a three-phase power supply.

The circuit diagram of the thyristors in the case of a single-phase voltage is illustrated in detail in Fig. 4, where the current supply module 1 or the input transformer comprises a primary winding I connected to the primary mains and secondary windings IA and IB. Secondary windings IA and IB are bipolar windings, their phase (beginning of winding) is shown in the figure with *. One output of each secondary winding IA and IB is grounded and the other output is connected to thyristors Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 of modules 2 and 6. Thyristors Q1 and Q2 are used to maintain positive current, whereas thyristors Q3 and Q4 are reversed and designed to maintain reverse current. The free outputs of thyristors Q1 to Q4 are applied to modules 3 and 7, respectively. Secondary winding pair IA and IB and thyristors Q1, Q2 and Q3, Q4 connected thereto form a reversible rectifier of two half-lives.

A detailed circuit diagram of thyristors in the case of a three-phase voltage is shown in detail in FIG. 5, in which module 1 is a power supply module or an input transformer containing the primary windings I, II and III connected to the primary mains (star or triangle). secondary windings ΙΑ, IB, second phase secondary windings IIA, IIB, and third phase secondary windings ΠΙΑ, ΙΠΒ. The said secondary windings in pairs (IA and IB, IIA and IIB; IIIA and IIIB, respectively) are coiled biphillar, their phase (start of winding) is shown in the figure with *. One output of each secondary winding is grounded and the other output is supplied to the thyristors 2 and 6 of the modules (designated Q1 to Q12). Thyristors Q1 through Q6 are used to maintain positive current, but thyristors Q7 to Q12 are closed in reverse and are designed to maintain reverse current. The free outputs of thyristors Q1 to Q12 are led to modules 3 and 7. Each pair of phase windings (eg IA; IB) and the connected thyristors (e.g. Q1; Q2 and Q7; Q8) form two phases of each phase (I; II or III). half-life reversible rectifier.

The operation diagrams of the proposed battery charger in case of three-phase voltage are shown in Fig.6. The top graph of the drawing is an input voltage representation (three phases with a 120 degree offset between them) where Uin1 is a phase I voltage representation, Uin2 is a phase II voltage representation, and Uin3 is a phase III voltage representation. Uout, on the other hand, is the output voltage of the unit, or voltage applied to the battery terminals. While Uonch is the voltage at which the charge (positive current) thyristors are opened and Uondh is the voltage at which the discharge (reverse current) thyristors are opened. T1, T2, T3 are the moments when the unit control unit 15 opens thyristors Q1 through Q12 through drivers 4 and 8, providing current flow (areas shaded in black). The bottom graph of the diagram shows the machine output current Iout (shaded area). The device output filter 9 smooths out the current ripple, providing a continuous current load (black area in the bottom graph).

In designing the battery charger described above, it has been surprisingly found that it can provide bidirectional power without the negative effects of increased heat release. Batteries charge much faster and have significantly higher efficiency compared to existing prototypes. It is to be noted that the invention is not limited to the examples of the invention described herein, and that a particular embodiment of the invention may be altered and modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. Battery charger comprising: - power supply module (1), - charging a module (2) comprising thyristors connected to a power supply module (1), to which the driver module (4) is connected to the charging module (2), charging the output filter (9) connected to the module (2) and the discharge module (6), the output switch (10) connected to the output filter (9), and the current control and pretreatment modules (12) connected to the output switch (10). ; 14), - a control module (15) with its interface (16), wherein the control module (15) is connected to the power input module (1), the driver cascade module (4), the output switch (10) and the power control and pretreatment modules (12). 14) to provide control, characterized in that the charger additionally comprises a discharge module (6) connected to the power supply module (1) with thyristors (Q1 - Q12), its driver cascade module (8), which in turn is connected to the control unit; module (15), wherein each charge and discharge module (2; 3) separately has at least two thyristors (Q1-Q12), which are closed in parallel and opposite to each other in the direction of current supply. Battery charger according to Claim 1, characterized in that a protective cascade (3) is connected in series between the charging module (2) and the output filter (9) and between the discharge module (6) and the output filter (9) respectively. the protection cascade is in series (7). Battery charger according to claim 1, characterized in that a dampers (5) are connected to the output filter. Battery charger according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a filter (11) and an amplifier (13) are connected in series between the current control and pretreatment modules (12; 14) and the control module (15). . Battery charger according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the discharge (6) and charge (2) modules comprise two semiconductor reversible rectifiers (Q1 - Q12), which receive a transformed phase and a reverse phase. the primary voltage from the power supply module (1). Battery charger according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it further comprises three pairs (2A; 2B; 2C and 6A; 6B; 6C) of the charging and discharge modules (2, 6) and respectively three pairs of driver cascade modules (4, 8). A computer program comprising instructions that can be executed through the control module (15) and configured according to any one of claims 1 to 5.