LV10559B - Phyto-preparation for combating the fungi - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to biological plants protection - abating infections caused by fungus on cultivated agricultural plants and its production long-term storage period by environment and human harmless preparations, subjacent of which are flora processing products. The invention recommends fungicide, in composition of which balsam paste of needles is included, surface active substance and lime. Balsam paste is natrium chlorophyllin producing side product, extracted by fresh fir and pine zaleua processing process. Phytopreparation is comparably cheap, economically viable, does not accumulate in the environment or plant products, is harmless to animals and humans. Until now in Latvia for plants fungous disease abatement mainly chemical preparations are used, for example, copper sulphate, fundazol, zineb, cuprozanum, copper oksihlorudu, etc., components of which accumulate in the environment, polluting it and are ecologically more or less harmless. Advised by authors phytopreparation is recommended to use for plants' fungous infection prevention in indoor and outdoor places, sprinkling them with 0,5-1,0% preparation water liquid 3-6 times with an interval of 7-10 days. Also the dry form of the preparation relating to sawdust can be used for diseases caused by fungus prevention in fruits, vegetables and decorative plants vegetative material long-term storage.

Description

Phytopreparation for controlling fungal diseases of plants

The invention relates to plant protection, in particular to combating fungal diseases in agriculture with environmental and human-friendly preparations based on plant products. The invention recommends a composition comprising a balsamic crushed needle, a surfactant and lime.

Fungicide preparation is known / EP Kr. 0253035 / containing algae paste and aluminum chloride. This preparation is prepared by: preparing a mass of algae by grinding it at a temperature of 20 to 50 ° C in a special homogenizer, decanting, filtering through an ultrafilter. The algae mass is mixed with aluminum chloride. The product contains 30 - 70 / mass of algae and 70 - 50 / aluminum chloride. Particle size 10 - 50 X. This concentrate is diluted with water before use. The main disadvantages of the preparation:

1 / Relatively sophisticated capture technology;

2 / Contains a high percentage of aluminum chloride which is a chemical.

Preparation containing extract of pine needle / Picea abies L. in organic solvents is known. 3629056 /. Preparation: Extract 200 g of pine needle at room temperature with 2 l of chloroform or other organic solvent. The chloroform extract is shaken with light petroleum and fractionated through a silica gel column. The fungicidal activity is for the fraction with Rf = 0.46 toluene: chloroform: acetone 46: 25: 35 / and Amax = 266mm. This emulsion is added to this fraction.

The use of water and alcohol extract of Peynoutria sachalinesis is also recommended for combating fungal plant diseases. 3731239 / · Disadvantages of the preparation:

1 / Complex extraction technology with expensive organic solvents;

2 / Low levels of active substance in the process;

5 / The preparation contains harmful organic solvents.

Preparation selected as prototype / Fr. No. 2599592 /, which contains finely divided sulfur and pine oil as active ingredients.

Preparation contains: 60-170 parts pine oil, 25 75 parts surfactant / tributylphenol polyglycol ester and monoethylene glycol /, 400-1000 parts finely divided sulfur, heteropolysaccharides, preservatives.

The formulation is prepared by dissolving the surfactants in water with rapid mixing, using a special mixer, dispersing the powder in the solution and grinding it to a level such that 40 parts by weight of the particles do not exceed 6 microns. The temperature must not exceed 50 ° C; optimal - 20-50 ° C; Slowly add pine oil to form an emulsion. If necessary, additional surfactants are added, then a preservative is added. Disadvantages of the preparation:

1 / Contains a chemical substance - sulfur, which decomposes slowly in the environment;

2 / Sophisticated preparation technology: the preparation contains pine oil, which in turn must be obtained.

The object of our invention is to make a new fungicide preparation which is free of chemicals harmful to the environment and man, obtainable by simple technology and effective in combating fungal diseases. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: A fungicidal paste, a surfactant which increases the effectiveness of the preparation and facilitates its spraying, and slaked lime, which also increases the fungicidal properties, are used in the manufacture of the fungicidal preparation.

Balzāmiskā needles paste is sodium chlorophyllin product manufacturing process, which in turn is obtained by processing the fresh oil and pine zaļeni A ^r for State Standard 21769-34 /. Balsamic needle paste contains 70 - 90 / organic matter and 10 - 50 / water. It consists of:

Sodium salts of higher fatty acids 50 - 55 / Sodium salts of resin acids 50 - 50 / Chlorophyll derivatives 2-5 / Unapplied substances 5 - 10 /

For better solubility add calcined soda to pH 8.9 - 9.2. Raw balsam has additional insecticidal properties against various sucking insects / white-leafed flea, aphids, thrips, etc./. WITH NO.1637196

The technology for making the fungicide is relatively simple: the balm is mixed at 40 - 50 ° C

3.

the surfactant Progress' (secondary aliphatic hydrocarbon alkyl sulphate sodium salis) and slaked lime. The color of the preparation - dark olive green, the smell - needle. The preparation is packaged in different volumes.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples:

Example I.

Heat the balsamic needle paste to 50 ° C, add 10 / Progress surfactant at a ratio of 10: I. Stir for 10 to 15 minutes.

a / Potato tubers / variety Madara / washed, disinfected with alcohol, flushed, cut into slices. Dip the potato slices in a 0.5 / solution solution, place on a Petri plate on damp, sterile filter paper, dry and pipette with a drop of I drop of potato sprout suspension of spore conidia of Ph.ytophtliora infestans. Incubate for 5-4 days. Control - Potato slices, untreated, where spore-conidia suspension is applied.

Table Kr.I

Pitofungicide activity in Fhytophthora infestans infection prevention in potato tubers

Variants Infected days, square / area pa 5d. 4d 7d 10d Balsamic coniferous paste + Progress 0.5 / 0 ' 0 0 5-10 Progress 0.1 / 0 0 2-5 6-15 Control / preparation without mushroom / 0 0 0 0 Controls / dest. water/ 50 i 5 90 i 5 100 100

It can be seen from the table that the fungus infection / phytophthora / development of the potato tubers treated with the phytopreparation is delayed by 7 to 10 days. The treatment should then be repeated. The pungicidal properties are further demonstrated by the surfactant Progress / contained in the preparation. In conclusion, the phytoproduct has fungicidal properties.

4.

b / Carnations / Xi'an / grown in vegetation pots in a greenhouse until the stump reaches 10 cm in length. Divides into 3 groups:

Group 1: control / raw carnations /,

Group 2: Infected with Fusarium oxysporum,

Group 5: Infect plants with conidia spore suspension of F. oxysporum fungus after treatment of carnations with 10 ml 2 / preparation solution. The treatment is repeated after I, 1.5 and 2 months. Pegularly determines the degree of infestation of plants and measures the length of shoots.

Table 2

Effect of phytofungicide on carnations infected with Fusarium oxysporum.

Plant Avg. length cm in 2 months after 5 niyen. Plants infected with fungi after their working with phytopreparation 55.5 72.5 Side-infected plants without ap- working with phytopreparation 50.0 55.5 Controls / uninfected plants / 40.0 91.5

It can be seen from the table that the growth of fungal-infected carnation shoots is psr · vid. 51 cm / 45 // smaller than healthy plants. With the use of the phytopreparation, the development of the fungal infection is delayed, which ensures the growth of the plants by a medium.

cm / 53 / / larger compared to untreated fungal infected plants.

Example 2.

Balsamic needle paste is heated to 50 ° C, add 10 / surfactant Progress or PFG-400, plant lecithin, mustard powder, green soap. Stir for 10 - 15 min.

The fungicidal properties of the preparation are tested on a chapeck bacr rat by adding I - 10 ° / ml of the preparation. Inoculated fungi Fusarium oxysporum, or F. semitectum, are incubated for 5 days at 25 ° G.

Table 3

Phytofungicide / 0.5 // activity of fungi. Inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium semitectum infections / Laboratory experiment on Chapeck's medium /

Variants Infections are inhibited eating 3.  day Day 5 Day 8 Fusarium ozysporum Balsamic Coniferous Paste + ⁿ Progress ”0, I / 96.0 90.4 - 3alcoholic coniferous paste + mustard powder 0.1 / 80.0 69.2 - Balsamic Coniferous Paste + Thyme Essential Oil 0,1 / 95.0 85.2 - Surfactant Progress 0.1 / 80.5 90.0 - Copper sulphate 0,1 / 100 96.4 - Fusarium semitectum Balsamic Coniferous Paste + Progress'O, / 100 90.8 ' 84.5 Balsamic needle paste + mustard powder 0,1 / 89 75.0 66.7 Balsam Coniferous Paste + PSG-400 82 62.5 57.7 Balsamic Coniferous Paste + Lecithin 0.1 / 90 32.0 75.0

Experiments have shown that the / dose of the preparation that provides 50 / inhibition of the development of fungal infections / crude balsamic paste is 0.4. The addition of surfactants can enhance the fungicidal properties. The fungicidal properties of the phytopreparation / balsam cone + Progress / are not significantly different from the well-established chemical antifungal agent Bordeaux copper. Of the ingredients added, Progress is the most effective, slightly lower thuja essential oil, but it must be obtained additionally.

Example 5.

The balsamic needle paste is dried in a warm air stream in a chamber or lyophilized, mixed in a slaked lime mixer at a ratio of 5: I.

The phytopreparation in dry form is tested to prevent the development of fungal infections on the fruit during its long-term storage.

Apples / varieties Antonovka, Trebu, Onion are placed in boxes of 200 each and applied to the fruit surface sponge mycelium and spore water suspension / gray rot Botrytis cinerea, common rot - Monilia fructigena, bitter rot Gloeosporium fructigenum /. The fruit is sprinkled with phytopreparation and stored at 8 - I2 ° C and relative humidity 80 - 90 /. Observations are carried out for 2 months.

Table 4

Activity of the phytopreparation in inhibiting the development of fungal infections in apples / variety Antonovka / during a storage period of two months.

Degree of fruit surface damage /

V ari on i - ------ psc I5d. psc 50d. psc 45d pec 60d.

Phytoprepar + lime 5: I 0 10.0 50.5 43.0 Lime 0 25.5 41.0 57.0 Copper sulphate / Bordeaux / 0 5.5 27.5 51.5 Control - unprocessed fruit 20.0 47.5 78.0 85.5

The phytopreparation showed good adherence to apples. The results obtained show that the phytopreparation has sufficiently good fungicidal properties / does not significantly lag behind the efficacy of the chemical preparation Bordeaux / in preventing the development of fungal infections on the fruit during its storage period. The product is easily rinsed in water before use.

Example 4.

Balsamic needle paste is mixed with lime and coarse sawdust in a ratio of 1: 1: 3 or 2: 1: 7. Packaged in plastic bags of 10 kg each.

The product is tested at long-term storage of the fruit to prevent the development of infections in dogs.

Apples (Antonovka variety) are placed in boxes of 200 fruits each, sprinkled with preparation and stored for up to 3 months at 3 - I2 ° C and relative humidity 80 - 90 /.

The table is rented.5

Activity of phytopreparation and sawdust mixture in inhibiting the development of fungal infections on apples / Antonovka variety for three months storage period.

Variants Degree of damage to the fruit surface / after I5d 30d 45b 60b 75b 90b Balz.sk, pasta + lime + sawdust 1: 1: 8 0 18.3 40.0 58.3 72.5 73.0

Balz paste + lime +

2: 1: 7 snags 0 12.0 27.2 45.5 80.3 67.0 Control - sawdust 20.0 38.7 80.0 74.3 85.5 100

It can be seen from the tables that the phytopreparation can be mixed with sawdust, which, by sprinkling the fruits before being stored for long-term storage, can prevent the development of fungal infections on apples by 22 - 33 /.

Example 5.

The phytopreparation is mixed with lime in a ratio of 3: 1. Dip the tomato fruit / variety / in the aqueous suspension of the preparation, dry it at room temperature and place it in two boxes for storage. Storage Conditions - 8 - IO ^U G, Humidity 89 93 /, which is optimal for the development of fungal infections. Observations were made over a storage period of 2.5 months.

. Table Kr.6

Activity of the phytopreparation in preventing the development of fungal infections in tomato fruits under long-term storage conditions.

Fruit damage grade / after Imsn I, 5 months 2m en. 2.5 months I / Phytofungicide + lime 3: 1 / water / 0 0 8.0 12.5 Phytopreparation / dry form / 0 0 10.5 25.0 Copper sulphate / Bordeaux liquid / 0 0 9.7 10.0 Control - unprocessed fruit 33.4 53.3 59.0 6i, 5

The results of the trial show that the phytoproduct exhibits fungicidal properties in both dry and aqueous solution, protecting the toned ones from infection by fungal diseases for 1.5 2 months. / in suitable storage facilities / and does not differ significantly in efficacy from the well-established chemical solution of Bordeaux. When stored for more than 2 months, activation of fungal infections is observed but is reduced by 55-50 / l compared to controls.

The results of a series of experiments carried out show that the phytopreparation consisting of balsamic needle paste, surfactant and lime exhibits fungicidal properties, is characterized by sufficiently high activity.and has several advantages:

- It contains only 2-5 components which are easy to obtain and relatively inexpensive;

- the preparation technology of the preparation is relatively simple and does not require complicated equipment, the basic element of the preparation - the needle balm paste is a by-product of the needle processing, which is produced in the process of production of Chlorophyllin;

- the preparation is rapidly degradable in the environment, is ecological. harmless;

- the preparation may be made into a paste or dry form and stored for long periods;

- its application is very wide / open and closed to limit the development of fungal infections on crops;

- prevention of fungal infections on fruits, vegetables and ornamental plant vegetative material under long-term storage conditions;

- for partial control of sucker / pest, white aphids, aphids, thrips a.c./ in enclosed and open areas.

Claims (2)

Inventive formula 1. A fungicide with a fungicide effect consisting of a by-product of needle processing - balsamic needle paste, surfactant and slaked lime, characterized by increased activity, ecological safety and economic profitability. 2. When added to sawdust, the preparation shall be used for the long-term storage of vegetative material of fruit, vegetables and ornamental crops.