LU82199A1 - METHOD FOR OBTAINING A NITRATE-FREE SOLUTION FROM A NITRATE-CONTAINING PRODUCT SOLUTION USING PROCAROTIC MICROORGANISMS - Google Patents

Description

. . · - 1 - A 28 228 4 l -Ju METHOD FOR OBTAINING A NITRATE-FREE SOLUTION FROM A NITRATE-CONTAINING PRODUCT SOLUTION USING FROCARPTIC MICROORGANISMS__J_

The invention relates to a process for obtaining a target solution which is essentially free of nitrates, nitrites and ammonium compounds from an aqueous product solution 5 obtained by washing out tobacco plants as parts of tobacco extract by eliminating the nitrates, nitrites and ammonium compounds by means of prokarotischen microorganisms (bacteria). evoked, metabolic, aerobic assimilation with largely gentle transfer of the remaining solution components of the product solution into the target solution.

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In some cases, nitrates, which are contained in tobacco, lead to undesirable effects for human consumption:

Substances, for example nitrogen oxides in tobacco smoke. This can be avoided if the nitrates are removed before they can develop their undesired effect. For this purpose, the. * ~ Unwanted compounds are washed out and in the aqueous

Product solution eliminated. The water-soluble substances which pass into the aqueous solution when washed out can then be added back to the washed-out starting substances after the nitrates are no longer present in the aqueous solution. The nitrates should be removed as completely as possible.

What applies to nitrates also largely applies to nitrites and ammonium compounds, and it is therefore desirable that, in addition to the nitrates, the nitrites and ammonium compounds are also removed. In contrast, however, other substances contained in the aqueous product solution should not be degraded or / rebuilt if possible.

I * '’- 2 - A 28 228 * x The object of the invention is to design a method of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that it can be operated economically under these conditions - in particular with the lowest possible consumption of additives and energy ·

The invention is characterized in that a predetermined working mixture portion of a working mixture obtained from product solution and additives and mixed with the microorganisms decompose into a nitrate, nitrite and ammonium compounds-10 the assimilation state is maintained by this working mixture portion with one from which to a kitrate concentration of 0.1 to 7.5 g. l-1 (grams of nitrate per liter of additional solution), a phosphate concentration of 1.0 to 10 g. 1 (gram of phosphate per liter of additional solution) as well as a carbon source 15 in a concentration of 16.5 - 10 assimilable carbon atoms each on a nitrate molecule adjusted from the product solution and additives obtained from the product solution and additives continuously while maintaining a dilution rate of 0.1 to 0.25 1 - l “1 · h ~ 1 (liter of additional solution per liter of working mixture portion per 2o hour) and in the ventilation area from 1Ί 5 to 3.0 1. I “1. min. “1 (liters of air per liter of working mixture portion per minute), in the pH range from 5.5 to 8 and in the temperature range from 30 C (degrees Celsius) to 40 C, each is kept on a triplet of values that is large Ratio of degraded nitrate to carbon used is »favorable, and by continuously removing the treated mixture from the working mixture portion at such a decrease rate that the volume of the working mixture portion remains constant; and that the target solution is obtained by withdrawing the biomass from the treated mixture.

* s »-’ - 2 - A 26 228 «* s Experience has shown that when two sizes are optimized in the triplet of values, you are very variable with the third size. So spell it. For example, a ventilation with 2.0 1 · 1 · mm.

and a pH of 7.0 the temperature between 30 ° C and 40 '° C

Select 5 and you can, for example, with a ventilation of 2.0 • “1 · —1 o 1.1. mm. and a temperature of 37 C choose the pH between 5.5 and 8.0 and, as another example, the aeration at pH 7.0 and a temperature of 37 ° C. * - n 4- n tion in the range ·], 5 to 3.0 1. 1 . min. choose and is still in the range of very favorable operating conditions.

# The invention comes to a continuous process and only this makes it possible (apart from the one-off start-up phase, 15 whose products can be discarded if necessary) to maintain and, if necessary, readjust the operating conditions that are recognized as optimal, within a certain tolerance. In contrast, in a discontinuous, batch-wise, so-called batch process, the most varied treatment stages are run through and the entire batch must be discarded if an error is made. In the batch process, the assimilation conditions have to be re-established for each batch and this takes hours. As a result, the throughput is limited and a higher outlay in terms of investment and personnel is required than in the inventive method.

The prescribed hitrate concentration, if it is not present in the product solution from the outset, is adjusted by concentration or dilution. Carbon and phosphate are added in the required amount. If there is a higher concentration of phosphate and / or carbon in the product solution from the outset, this can be safely accepted. The concentrations are matched to one another in such a way that the carbon and the phosphate are used up by the microorganisms when the nitrate is assimilated, so that as far as possible no residues of these additives get into the target solution j.

i - 4 - A 28 228 »ί v The pH value is preferably related to orthophosphoric acid! wise potassium hydroxide adjusted.

Since the product solutions to be treated are solutions obtained from natural products, the other components of which differ from case to case, the optimal operating conditions are not always the same under all circumstances, but within the scope of the stated Tighten.

The invention is preferably applicable to tobacco, but is not limited to this application. Foodstuffs and other luxury foods are also known which contain nitrates, nitrites and / or ammonium compounds which, by reaction, lead to substances which are undesirable for human consumption, for example nitrosamines. You can do this, as in ·. Counteract tobacco by eliminating the unwanted compounds. If these are present in an aqueous solution from the outset, this aqueous solution is used as a product solution, otherwise, as with tobacco, washing out results in a product solution in which the undesired compounds are eliminated and which can then be added to the starting product again .

In the case of tobacco, the operating conditions 25 can be based on the nitrate concentration of the product solution, because * the percentage of nitrites and ammonium compounds accompanying the nitrates in the essential types of tobacco is approximately the same within the scope of the accuracy required here. This is by no means the case with food and other luxury foods.

3o That is why the operating conditions are used instead of one. Nitrate concentration from the concentration of the compounds to be eliminated altogether, i.e. the concentration of the sum of nitrates, nitrites and ammonium compounds, the Indian solution -0.1 to 7.5 g. Should be 1. All other parameters can be the same as for the tobacco treatment! lung. 1 * »•’ - - 5 - A 28 228 \ The following explanations relate to the application of the invention to tobacco but are applicable analogously with the restrictions just made to the treatment of relevant foods and other stimulants.

The assimilation caused by the preparation is preferably carried out using an inoculum of 30 to 100 g. 1 (grams of culture volume per liter of working mix portion). The assimilation is preferably carried out using a microorganism culture of the Enterobacter aerogenes DSM 3ΟΟ53. This strain is stored and available in the German Collection of Microorganisms in the form required for patent law disclosure.

* The description of the strain follows from the following

List I. In this list means: good; "" weak; ,, - n absent. ~ 'POSITION I; Characterization of the DSM 3ΟΟ53

Short chopsticks; Flagellation peritrich; Agility +; Spore formation pigment gram reaction '; 0 ^ behavior aerobic +; anaerobic +; Catalase +; Oxidase -; Nitrite formation from nitrate +; Indole -; Methyl red -; Vosges-Proskauer +;

Citrate +; H ^ S -; Urease -; Gelatin -; Lysine decarboxylase +; , Arginine dihydrolase -; Ornithine decarboylase +; Phenylalanine deaminase -; Malonate +; Gas from glucose +;

Lactose +; Sucrose +; Mannitol +; Dulcit salicin +;

Adonit +; Inositol +; Sorbitol +; Arabinose +; Raffinose +; Rhamnöse +.

r \ «Ι-J - 6 - A 28 228

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing and * some examples.

The drawing shows, for example, a generalized flow scheme for the inventive method. The reference numerals used in the drawing have the meaning shown in the following list ii; POSITION II: Product stock 1; Water tank 2; Stock for • jo accessories 3; Washer with separator 4; Mixer 5; Treatment branch 6; Treatment branch 7; Mixer 8; Dosing pump S; Working container 10; Centrifuge 13; Treatment branch 14; Playback device 15; Control device 16; pH regulator 17; Temperature controller 18; Aerator 19; Stirrer 20; Anti-foam dispenser £ 1; Reconstitution facility 22 and dryer 23.

From the product supply '1, product, for example tobacco ribs, reaches the washer 4 with water from the water tank 2, where the soluble constituents are washed out and reach the treatment branch 6 as a 2o product solution. In the treatment branch, sterilization is carried out by heating and then again chilled-

The necessary additives, primarily phosphates and glucose, 25 get from the supply 3 with water into the mixer 5 and as a solution in the treatment branch 7, where they can be sterilized by heating and then cooled. 1

The solutions from the two treatment branches 6 and 7 are then mixed in the mixer 8 and now pass into the working container 10 via the metering pump 9. The working mixture portion in the working container 10 in terms of pH value and temperature is transferred through the devices 17 to 20 continuously adjusted, dosed, aerated and stirred intensively.

35 Dosed treated working mixture is withdrawn from the working container 10, optionally pasteurized, which in the

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Drawing is not shown, and then arrives at the Zen-U trifuge 13. There the biomass is withdrawn and further ver »*. '- 7 - A 28 228

Turned supplied, while the remaining liquid as * target solution in the treatment branch 14, where it is concentrated. This target solution, which contains essentially all components of the product solution, with the exception of the nitrates, Ni-5 trite and ammonium compound, which have been completely removed, can now be used as required, for example according to the flow diagram, washed out in the dryer 23 to the original moisture content of the product from the product supply 1 dried or, alternatively, in the reconstitution device 22, added to the product reconstituted into tobacco leaf-like pieces of film in the replay device 15 by spraying or in some other way.

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To start up, a working portion is added to the working container 10 from the product solution with the necessary additives and an inoculum of the microorganism concerned. After about 8 to 20 hours, all nitrates, nitrites and ammonium compounds are broken down in this working mixture portion and the continuous operation can begin by switching on the metering pump 9 according to the desired dilution rate and controlled so that the volume of the filling of the working container 10, that is, the working mix portion remains constant.

25 Treatment in treatment two genes 6 and 7 is carried out by preheating to 100 ° C, sterilizing at 110 ° C for <40 minutes and then cooling to 30 ° C. Vacuum evaporation takes place in the treatment branch 14. The metering pump 9 has a delivery capacity of 50 to 200 l.l "* 1 .h" -1. The working container 10 has a capacity of 750 1 and is 2/3 full during operation. Accordingly, the volume of a working mixture portion is 500 1.

The operating conditions are set, depending on the products to be processed and the microorganisms used, in such a way that the nitrates, nitrites and ammonium compounds contained in the product solution are completely eliminated and the additives 5 added in the mixer are just used for this assimilation y .

! · · * 1. - 8 - A 28 228 l | , I «Favorable operating conditions result from the in the! j List III below. In ® these examples it is started from Täbakrippen and

Enterobacter aerogenes DSM 30053 used as a microorganism. In the case of parts of tobacco plants other than the starting product and / or other microorganisms, the operating conditions must be modified within the scope of the information given at the beginning.

when presented as a concentration, a content which is no longer perceptible chemically under normal analytical conditions means less than 10 ppm each for carbon and Phosphate and is less than 1 ppm each for nitrate, nitrite and ammonium compounds.

List III:. - ’’ *

Example 12345 6 7 8 ..... __ ^ I. I -1 --- -1

Concentration of the additional solution in g.l to:

Nitrate 5 1 7.5 4.5 5 7.5 5 5

Nitrite 00 00.50 0 0 0

Ammonium compounds 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05

Phosphate 1.2 0.5 1.5 1.2 10 1.2 1.2 1.2: 40 10 60 40 40 50 40 40

Operating conditions of assimilation:

Temperature (° c) 37 37 37 37 37 37 33 40 pH 77 7 7 77 7 7

Degree of ventilation 22222222 <l.i ~ 1.min. ~ 1)

Dilution rate 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15-1

Concentration of the target solution m g.l to:

Nitrate 0 0 0 0 O0.6 0 0

Nitrite 00 0 0 00 0 0

Ammonium ver- 0000 00 00 | bonds j phosphate 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 8.6 0.1 0.1 0.1

Glucose_ 0 0 0 '0__0 0__0 0 ». . · - 9 - A 28 228 N.

Lineup III: continued

Example 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Concentration of the additional solution in g.l-1:

Nitrate 5 5! 5 5 5 5 5

Nitrite 0000000

Ammonium compounds 4 0.05 0.05 0.05 0 0 0.05 0.05

Phosphate 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Glucose 40 40 40 40 40 404 40

Operating conditions of assimilation:

Temperature (° c) 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 pH 8 6 7 77 7.5.6 2 2 31.5 2 2 2 (l. L .mm.)

Dilution rate 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.22 0.15 (l.l “1.h ~ 1)

Concentration of the target solution in g.l. “1an:

Nitrate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nitrite 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • Ammonium compounds _ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Phosphate 3.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Glucose η n u 0 0 0 0 0 0 Λ / i

Claims (6)

1t * '' - 10 - A 28 228 • 1 £ \ Claims: ί *. '. ,, j 1, Process for obtaining a target solution essentially free of nitrates, nitrites and ammonium compounds from an aqueous product solution obtained by washing out tobacco plant parts as tobacco extract j by eliminating the nitrates, nitrites and ammonium compounds with those caused by procarotene microorganisms (bacteria), Metabolic, aerobic assimilation with a largely gentle transfer of the remaining solution components of the product solution into the target solution, characterized in that a predetermined working mixture portion of a working mixture obtained from product solution and additives and mixed with the microorganisms is kept in a nitrate, nitrite "and ammonium compounds degrading assimilation state by this working mixture * portion with one of a nitrate concentration of -1 0.1 to 7.5 g. 1, a phosphate concentration of 1.0 to 10 g. 1 and a carbon source in a concentration of 16.5 - 10 assimilable carbon atoms per nitrate molecule adjusted from the product solution and additives obtained from the additional solution continuously while maintaining a dilution rate of 0.1 to 0.25 1. 1 . h and -1-1 in the ventilation range from 1.5 to 3.0 1 .1. min. , in the pH range from 5.5 to 8 and in the temperature range from 30 ° C to 40 ° C each is kept on a triplet of values which is favorable with regard to a large ratio of degraded nitrate to carbon used, and in the mixture which is continuously treated the working mix portion is removed at such a decrease rate that the volume of the working mixture portion remains constant; and that the target solution is obtained by withdrawing the biomass from the abnormal, treated mixture. 1 _ - s «- π - A 28 228 à A * 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the * working mixture portion with a to a nitrate concentration of 4 to 6 g. 1 and a phosphate concentration of 1.1 to -1 1.5 g. 1 set additional solution continuously while maintaining a dilution rate of 0.18 to 0.22 1 .1. h loaded, continuously with 1.8 to 2.2 1. 1 ~ 1. min. "" 1 aerated and maintained at a pH between 6.5 to 7 * 5 and a temperature between 35 ° C and 39 ° C. »3 · Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the working mixture portion with one from the on a nitrate. —1 * concentration of 5.0 g. 1 and to a phosphate concentration - From 1.2 g. 1 and a glucose concentration of 40 g. 1 ~ 1 additional solution set continuously while maintaining a dilution rate of 0.2 1. 1 . h loaded, running with -1. —1 2 1.1. mm. ventilated and kept at a pH of 7 * 0 and a temperature of 37 ° C. 4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the assimilation is carried out by using the Enterobacter aerogenes DSM 30053. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a carbon is used as carbon source from the group consisting of glucose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, ethanol, glycerol, citrate and lactose. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional solution has a phosphate concentration -1 of 1.2 g. 1 has. 1 process for obtaining a target solution essentially free of nitrates, nitrites and ammonium compounds from a product solution containing nitrates, nitrites and / or ammonium compounds by eliminating the nitrates, nitrites and 1 ammonium compounds with by procractical microorganisms - 12 · - A 28 228 * m (bacteria ) induced, metabolic, aerobic assimilation with largely gentle transfer of the remaining solution components of the product solution into the target solution, characterized in that, based on claim 1, a predetermined working mixture portion of a working mixture obtained from product solution and additives and mixed with the microorganisms into one Nitrate, nitrite and ammonium decomposition assimilation state is maintained by adding this working mixture portion to a concentration of too. . . —1 * eliminating compounds from 0.1 to 7.5 g · 1, a phosphate concentration from 1.0 to 10 g. 1 as well as a carbon source in a concentration of 16.5 and 10 assimilable * carbon atoms for each molecule of the compound to be eliminated adjusted additional solution obtained from the product solution and additives, while maintaining a dilution rate of 0-1 , 1 to 0.25 1 · 1. h charged with —1 —1 in the ventilation range from 1.5 to 3 1.1. min. , in the pH range from 5 »5 to 8 and in the temperature range from 30 ° C to 40 ° C each is kept on a triplet of values which is favorable with regard to a large ratio of degraded compound to be eliminated to carbon used, and by continuously treating the mixture of Working mix portion is removed with such an acceptance file that the volume of the working mixture portion remains constant; and that the target solution by removing the biomass from the removed, loading. traded mixture is obtained. ____ t »1