LU508559B1 - Powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity shaft components and forming method thereof - Google Patents

Powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity shaft components and forming method thereof Download PDF

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LU508559B1
LU508559B1 LU508559A LU508559A LU508559B1 LU 508559 B1 LU508559 B1 LU 508559B1 LU 508559 A LU508559 A LU 508559A LU 508559 A LU508559 A LU 508559A LU 508559 B1 LU508559 B1 LU 508559B1
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powder
wear
additive manufacturing
based alloy
toughness
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LU508559A
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German (de)
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Song Zhang
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Univ Shenyang Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
    • B22F1/065—Spherical particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
    • B22F1/142—Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity shaft components. The laser melting deposition technology and fiber laser processing system is adopted for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy. The prepared iron-based alloy have the characteristics of uniform structure, high surface strength and hardness, and high core toughness and are used to manufacture shaft parts with complex shapes, large sizes and high requirements for toughness and wear resistance, and provides powder for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy shaft components.

Description

DESCRIPTION LU508559
POWDER USED FOR LASER ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING INTERNAL
TOUGHNESS AND EXTERNAL RIGIDITY SHAFT COMPONENTS AND FORMING
METHOD THEREOF
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to the technical field of new materials for laser additive manufacturing, in particular to powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity shaft components and a forming method thereof.
BACKGROUND
Iron-based alloy is widely used in various fields of national economy due to the advantages of wide sources, low prices, and good comprehensive properties, and the requirements for the properties of iron-based alloy materials are ever-increasing with the development of society. Camshaft is an alloy component with high wear resistance and toughness, which is mainly made of iron-based alloy, and is widely used in diesel engines. Due to the need of energy saving and emission reduction, the weight and volume of the engine are gradually reduced, and the load on the camshaft is gradually increased. For example, the load on the camshaft of conventional vehicles is generally 100-120 MPa, but it reaches 180 MPa for the high-power diesel engine. The conventional carburizing and quenching process doesn’t meet its application needs, and failure forms such as adhesion and wear of carburized layer, fatigue pitting and surface peeling appear in a short period, thus affecting the service life of the engine. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to be solved to greatly improve the wear resistance of the cam surface carried by the camshaft.
In recent years, laser additive manufacturing technology to produce large metal parts becomes a research hotspot. Additive manufacturing technology is a technology of manufacturing solid parts by gradually accumulating materials, which is a “bottom-up” manufacturing method compared with the traditional material removal-cutting processing technology. Compared with traditional processing technology, laser additive manufacturing technology has the advantages of high flexibility in manufacturing process, short production cycle, fast processing speed, and the ability to produce parts with complex structures, and at the same time, it can realize functional design of parts.
This has a profound impact on the traditional processing and manufacturing industry.
Therefore, it is of great significance to design and develop alloy powders with different N1508559 and Cr contents according to the law that alloying elements V and Cr form carbide reinforcing phase in iron-based alloy to strengthen the matrix of iron-based alloy and the law that alloying elements V and Cr affect the microstructure and properties of iron- based alloy, which is used to laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy high-power bearing shaft components.
Laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy has the advantages of low cost, high hardness and good wear resistance, which is capable of replacing the extensive machining and subsequent carburizing and quenching processes of traditional camshafts, and is used to manufacture shaft components with complex shapes, large sizes and high requirements for toughness and wear resistance, such as engine camshafts, crankshafts and camshafts of nuclear power emergency diesel engine.
SUMMARY
Purpose of Invention
The purpose of the invention is to provide powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity shaft components. Laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy shaft components are carried out by using a laser melting deposition technology and a fiber laser processing system. The microstructure of the surface iron-based alloy prepared by the melting deposition method is uniform, and the surface iron-based alloy is well combined with the core laser additive manufacturing low-alloy steel, and has the characteristics of high surface strength, high hardness and excellent toughness in the core, thus providing available iron-based alloy powder for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy shaft components.
Technical Scheme
Powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity shaft components is characterized in that the basic composition mass percentage of powder used for internal low-alloy steel is C: 0.05-0.15%, Cr: 1.40-1.60%, Ni: 1.70-2.0%, Si: 1.00-1.20%, Mo: 0.50-0.60%, Mn: 0.10-0.50%, B: 0.40-0.70%, V: 0.50-0.60%, and the rest is Fe; the basic composition mass percentage of powder used for external wear-resistant iron-based alloy is C: 0.78-2.19%, Cr: 18.83-24.39%, Ni: 1.17-1.54%, Si: 1.11-1.14%,
Mo: 0.69-0.91%, Mn: 0.35-0.45%, B: 0.86-1.13%, Al: 0.08-0.24%, V: 2.0-8%, and the 508559 rest is Fe.
The particle sizes of the powder used for the internal low-alloy steel and the powder used for the external wear-resistant iron-based alloy are 53-140 microns.
A method for manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy by using the powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity shaft components is characterized in that the manufacturing method includes the following steps: 1) the powder used for the internal low-alloy steel and the powder used for the external wear-resistant iron-based alloy of the composition are respectively ordered by vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening, and spherical powder a and spherical powder b are prepared; 2) spherical powder a and spherical powder b obtained in 1) are dried in the oven for more than 3h at 80-120°C respectively to obtain spherical powder a' and spherical powder b'; 3) polish the surface of low-alloy steel substrate with 60*-600* sandpaper, clean and dry for later use, and melt and deposit alloy materials on the low-alloy steel substrate after the spherical powder a’ obtained in 2) is irradiated by the fiber laser processing system in a coaxial powder feeding mode; 4) the fiber laser processing system is used for multiple laser irradiation treatments, with the output power of the laser of 1.8-2.5 kW, the scanning speed of 6-8 mm/s, the powder feeding rate of 13-18 g/min, the spot diameter of 3.5-4.5 mm, the overlapping rate of 45-55%, and the flow rate of shielding gas argon of 400-500 L/h, so as to obtain laser additive manufacturing high-toughness low-alloy steel core materials with a-Fe as the matrix. 5) the spherical powder b’ obtained in the 2) is irradiated by the fiber laser processing system in a coaxial powder feeding mode, and external wear-resistant alloy materials are melted and deposited on the surface of the laser additive manufacturing high-toughness low-alloy steel core materials with x-Fe as the matrix obtained in the 4); 6) the fiber laser processing system is used for multiple laser irradiation treatments, with the output power of the laser of 1.8-2.5 kW, the scanning speed of 6-8 mm/s, the powder feeding rate of 13-18 g/min, the spot diameter of 3.5-4.5 mm, the overlapping rate of 45-55%, and the flow rate of shielding gas argon of 400-500 L/h, so as to obtain laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron- based alloy.
The spherical powder a and the spherical powder b prepared in 1) have a hollow 08559 sphere rate of <2%, an oxygen content of <250 ppm and an impurity content of <0.5%.
The fluidity of the spherical powder a and the spherical powder b prepared in 1) is <16s/50g.
The apparent density of the spherical powder a and the spherical powder b in 1) is 24.35 g/em°.
The scanning method of the laser in 4) and 6) is that the fiber laser continuously scans one layer back to the origin coordinate of the XY plane, and then scans the next layer, and the Z-axis movement distance of each layer is 0.6 mm; after multi-layer scanning, three-dimensional internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron- based alloy is formed.
Advantages and Effects
The additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy of the powder of the invention by laser melting deposition technology has good formability, high hardness and excellent wear resistance, and the external wear-resistant iron-based alloy is well combined with the core low-alloy steel material without defects, so that it is applied to working conditions with high requirements on the wear resistance and toughness of parts at the same time, and has good engineering application prospects. Laser additive manufacturing technology greatly shortens the production cycle, improves the manufacturing efficiency and accuracy of parts with large sizes and complex structures. At the same time, the laser additive manufacturing process is also a rapid solidification process, which inhibits the growth of the grain and refines the grain, so that the prepared iron-based alloy has the uniform and dense structure and good mechanical properties, which is especially suitable for the use needs of specific working conditions with high wear performance requirements, and greatly extends the service life of iron-based alloy rotating components manufactured by additive.
Adding Cr to steel improves the mechanical properties of materials, and also improves the oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of steel. Cr is infinitely solid- soluble in a-Fe, reducing y-Fe phase region, improving the corrosion resistance of the material, and is dissolved in cementite to form the alloy cementite to increase the hardness of the material. In addition, vanadium (V) has many excellent physical and chemical properties, so it is widely used in the development of modern industry, modern national defense and modern science and technology. It is known as the metal “vitamin” and is one of the indispensable important industrial raw materials. Adding a few percent vanadium to steel refines the structure and grain of steel and increase the grain, 508559 coarsening temperature, thus increasing the strength, toughness and wear resistance of steel. Furthermore, vanadium has stronger binding capacity with carbon atoms, which forms more stable high-hardness carbides (such as VsC7), thus increasing the hardness of materials. On the other hand, the combination of vanadium and carbon atoms makes more solid solution of Cr atoms in a-Fe, which increases the corrosion resistance of the material.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Fig. 1 is the X-ray diffraction pattern of laser additive manufacturing core low alloy steel;
Fig. 2 is the X-ray diffraction pattern of laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy (V = 2.0, 8.0 wt.%);
Fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the microstructure and morphology of toughness-rigidity material combination zone of laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy V =2.0wt.%;
Fig. 4 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the microstructure and morphology of toughness-rigidity material combination zone of laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy V = 8.0wt.%;
Fig. 5 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the microstructure and morphology of toughness materials of laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy V = 2.0wt. %;
Fig. 6 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the microstructure and morphology of toughness materials of laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy V = 8.0wt.%;
Fig. 7 shows the microhardness distribution curve near the interface of laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron- based alloy (V = 2.0, 8.0 wt.%);
Fig. 8 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the morphology of wear marks on the surface of rigidity materials of laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy V = 2.0wt. %;
Fig. 9 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the morphology of WER 508559 marks on the surface of rigidity materials of laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy V = 8.0 wt.%;
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity shaft components and a method for manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy. À fiber laser processing system is used to feed powder coaxially on the surface of a low-alloy steel substrate, and the low-alloy steel powder material and the wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder are rapidly melted and deposited under the irradiation of a high-energy beam laser. Under the condition of rapid condensation, the laser additive manufacturing wear-resistant iron-based alloy is combined with the low-alloy steel to form internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy.
According to powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity shaft components, the basic composition mass percentage of powder used for internal low-alloy steel is C: 0.05-0.15%, Cr: 1.40-1.60%, Ni: 1.70-2.0%, Si: 1.00-1.20%, Mo: 0.50-0.60%, Mn: 0.10-0.50%, B: 0.40-0.70%, V: 0.50-0.60%, and the rest is Fe; and the basic composition mass percentage of powder used for external wear-resistant iron-based alloy is C: 0.78-2.19%, Cr: 18.83-24.39%, Ni: 1.17-1.54%, Si: 1.11-1.14%, Mo: 0.69-0.91%, Mn: 0.35--0.45%, B: 0.86-1.13%, Al: 0.08-0.24%, V: 2.0- 8%, and the rest is Fe. The particle sizes of the powder used for the internal low-alloy steel and the powder used for the external wear-resistant iron-based alloy are 53-140 microns.
According to a method for manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy by using the above powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy, the manufacturing method includes the following steps: 1) the powder used for the internal low-alloy steel and the powder used for the external wear-resistant iron-based alloy of the composition are respectively ordered by vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening, and spherical powder a and spherical powder b are prepared; the spherical powder a and the spherical powder b have an a hollow sphere rate of <2%, an oxygen content of <250 ppm and an impurity content of <0.5%, a fluidity of <16s/50g, an apparent density of 24.35 g/cm?.
2) spherical powder a and spherical powder b obtained in 1) are dried in the OVEN 508559 for more than 3h at 80-120°C respectively to obtain spherical powder a' and spherical powder b'; 3) polish the surface of low-alloy steel substrate with 60*-600* sandpaper, clean and dry for later use, and melt and deposit alloy materials on the low-alloy steel substrate after the spherical powder a’ obtained in 2) is irradiated by the fiber laser processing system in a coaxial powder feeding mode; 4) the fiber laser processing system is used for multiple laser irradiation treatments, with the output power of the laser of 1.8-2.5 kW, the scanning speed of 6-8 mm/s, the powder feeding rate of 13-18 g/min, the spot diameter of 3.5-4.5 mm, the overlapping rate of 45-55%, and the flow rate of shielding gas argon of 400-500 L/h, so as to obtain laser additive manufacturing high-toughness low-alloy steel core materials with a-Fe as the matrix; 5) the spherical powder b’ obtained in the 2) is irradiated by the fiber laser processing system in a coaxial powder feeding mode, and external wear-resistant alloy materials are melted and deposited on the surface of the laser additive manufacturing high-toughness low-alloy steel core materials with x-Fe as the matrix obtained in the 4); 6) the fiber laser processing system is used for multiple laser irradiation treatments, with the output power of the laser of 1.8-2.5 kW, the scanning speed of 6-8 mm/s, the powder feeding rate of 13-18 g/min, the spot diameter of 3.5-4.5 mm, the overlapping rate of 45-55%, and the flow rate of shielding gas argon of 400-500 L/h, so as to obtain laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron- based alloy.
The scanning method of the laser in above 4) and 6) is that the fiber laser continuously scans one layer back to the origin coordinate of the XY plane, and then scans the next layer, and the Z-axis movement distance of each layer is 0.6 mm; after multi-layer scanning, three-dimensional internal toughness and external rigidity wear- resistant iron-based alloy is formed.
Using MFT-4000 multifunctional material surface performance tester, the wear property of internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy is evaluated by ball-counting contact method. The size of wire cutting test block is 10 mmx10 mmx10 mm. The sample are polished by sandpaper No. 600, No. 1000, No. 1400 and No. 2000 in turn, and the mirror surface is obtained by mechanical polishing, so as to eliminate the influence of surface roughness of additive manufacturing iron- based alloy on friction and wear properties. The normal load of friction and wear test is
N; wear time 60min; reciprocating speed 120 mm/min; the displacement amplitude 1$)508559 7 mm, the upper friction pair is a SisN4 ball with a diameter of 5 mm, and the lower friction pair is a deposited wear-resistant iron-based alloy test block, and the test temperature is 20°C. The wear volume of the test block is tested by the white light interference experiment.
The invention is described in detail with reference to the following embodiments, but the invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Embodiment 1
The composition mass percentage of powder is C: 0.05%, Cr: 1.40%, Ni: 1.70%, Si: 1.00%, Mo: 0.50%, Mn: 0.10%, B: 0.40%, V: 0.50%, and the rest is Fe. The particle sizes of the powder are 53-140 microns.
The laser melting deposition technology is adopted to prepare the core high- toughness low-alloy steel, and the specific preparation process steps are as follows: 1) the alloy raw materials of the above composition are respectively ordered by vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening, and spherical powder is prepared; the prepared spherical powder has an a hollow sphere rate of <2%, an oxygen content of <250 ppm and an impurity content of <0.5%, a fluidity of <16s/50g; and the apparent density of the spherical powder is 24.35 g/cm?; 2) the powder obtained in the 1) is dried in an oven at 80°C for more than 3h; 3) polish the surface of low-alloy steel substrate with 60*-600* sandpaper, clean and dry for later use, and melt and deposit toughness alloy materials on the surface of alloy steel substrate after the low-alloy steel powder obtained in 2) is irradiated by the fiber laser processing system in a coaxial powder feeding mode; 4) the fiber laser processing system is used for multiple laser irradiation treatments, with the output power of the laser of 2.2 kW, the scanning speed of 8 mm/s, the powder feeding rate of 18 g/min, the spot diameter of 4 mm, the overlapping rate of 50%, and the flow rate of shielding gas argon of 400 L/h, so as to obtain laser additive manufacturing low-alloy steel toughness materials with a-Fe as the matrix;. the scanning method of the laser in above 4) is that the fiber laser continuously scans one layer back to the origin coordinate of the XY plane, and then scans the next layer, and the Z-axis movement distance of each layer is 0.6 mm; after multi-layer printing, three-dimensional low-alloy steel materials are formed.
Embodiment 2
The composition mass percentage of low-alloy steel powder is C: 0.05%, Cr: 1.40%, Ni: 1.70%, Si: 1.00%, Mo: 0.50%, Mn: 0.10%, B: 0.40%, V: 0.50%, and the rest is Fe. The composition mass percentage of wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder is Cls0s559 0.78%, Cr: 18.83%, Ni: 1.54%, Si: 1.14%, Mo: 0.91%, Mn: 0.45%, B: 1.13%, Al: 0.08%,
V: 2.00%, and the rest is Fe. The particle sizes of the powder are 53-140 microns.
The laser melting deposition technology is adopted to prepare internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy, and the specific preparation process steps are as follows: 1) the alloy raw materials of the above composition are respectively ordered by vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening, and spherical powder is prepared; the prepared spherical powder has an a hollow sphere rate of <2%, an oxygen content of <250 ppm and an impurity content of <0.5%, a fluidity of <16s/50g; and the apparent density of the spherical powder is 24.35 g/cm?; 2) the powder obtained in the 1) is dried in an oven at 80°C for more than 3h; 3) polish the surface of low-alloy steel substrate with 60*-600* sandpaper, clean and dry for later use, and melt and deposit on the surface of the alloy steel substrate after the low-alloy steel powder obtained in 2) is irradiated by the fiber laser processing system in a coaxial powder feeding mode; 4) the fiber laser processing system is used for multiple laser irradiation treatments, with the output power of the laser of 1.8 kW, the scanning speed of 6 mm/s, the powder feeding rate of 13 g/min, the spot diameter of 3.5 mm, the overlapping rate of 45%, and the flow rate of shielding gas argon of 400 L/h, so as to obtain laser additive manufacturing low-alloy steel materials with a-Fe as the matrix;. 5) the wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder obtained in the 2) is irradiated by the fiber laser processing system in a coaxial powder feeding mode, and external wear- resistant alloy materials are melted and deposited on the surface of the laser additive manufacturing low-alloy steel components with a-Fe as the matrix obtained in the 4); 6) the fiber laser processing system is used for multiple laser irradiation treatments, with the output power of the laser of 1.8 kW, the scanning speed of 6 mm/s, the powder feeding rate of 13 g/min, the spot diameter of 3.5 mm, the overlapping rate of 45%, and the flow rate of shielding gas argon of 400 L/h, so as to obtain laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy, which are mainly composed of a-Fe and Cr23Cs phase structure. the scanning method of the laser in above 4) and 6) is that the fiber laser continuously scans one layer back to the origin coordinate of the XY plane, and then scans the next layer, and the Z-axis movement distance of each layer is 0.6 mm; after multi-layer printing, three-dimensional internal toughness and external rigidity Wea 508559 resistant iron-based alloy is formed.
Embodiment 3
The composition mass percentage of low-alloy steel powder is C: 0.15%, Cr: 1.60%, Ni: 2.0%, Si: 1.20%, Mo: 0.60%, Mn: 0.50%, B: 0.70%, V: 0.60%, and the rest is Fe. The composition mass percentage of wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder is C: 2.19%, Cr: 24.39%, Ni: 1.17%, Si: 1.11%, Mo: 0.69%, Mn: 0.35%, B: 0.86%, Al: 0.24%,
V: 8.00%, and the rest is Fe. The particle sizes of the powder are 53-140 microns.
The laser melting deposition technology is adopted to prepare internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy, and the specific preparation process steps are as follows: 1) the alloy raw materials of the above composition are respectively ordered by vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening, and spherical powder is prepared; the prepared spherical powder has an a hollow sphere rate of <2%, an oxygen content of <250 ppm and an impurity content of <0.5%, a fluidity of <16s/50g; and the apparent density of the spherical powder is 24.35 g/cm?; 2) the powder obtained in the 1) is dried in an oven at 80°C for more than 3h; 3) polish the surface of low-alloy steel substrate with 60*-600* sandpaper, clean and dry for later use, and melt and deposit alloy materials on the surface of the alloy steel substrate after the low-alloy steel powder obtained in 2) is irradiated by the fiber laser processing system in a coaxial powder feeding mode; 4) the fiber laser processing system is used for multiple laser irradiation treatments, with the output power of the laser of 2.5 kW, the scanning speed of 8 mm/s, the powder feeding rate of 18 g/min, the spot diameter of 4.5 mm, the overlapping rate of 55%, and the flow rate of shielding gas argon of 500 L/h, so as to obtain laser additive manufacturing high toughness low-alloy steel core materials with a-Fe as the matrix; 5) the wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder obtained in the 2) is irradiated by the fiber laser processing system in a coaxial powder feeding mode, and external wear- resistant alloy materials are melted and deposited on the surface of the laser additive manufacturing high toughness low-alloy steel components with o-Fe as the matrix obtained in the 4); 6) the fiber laser processing system is used for multiple laser irradiation treatments, with the output power of the laser of 2.5 kW, the scanning speed of 8 mm/s, the powder feeding rate of 18 g/min, the spot diameter of 4.5 mm, the overlapping rate of 55%, and the flow rate of shielding gas argon of 500 L/h, so as to obtain laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy 508559 components, which are mainly composed of a-Fe, Cr23Ces and VsC7 phase structure.
The scanning method of the laser in above 4) and 6) is that the fiber laser continuously scans one layer back to the origin coordinate of the XY plane, and then scans the next layer, and the Z-axis movement distance of each layer is 0.6 mm; after multi-layer printing, three-dimensional internal toughness and external rigidity wear- resistant iron-based alloy is formed.
The embodiments show that the wear-resistant iron-based alloy is well combined with the laser additive manufacturing low alloy steel, and there are no defects such as air holes and cracks in the combination zone, thus avoiding the defects in the combination zone of alloy with different components. V element refines the structure and grain of iron-based alloy, increases the grain coarsening temperature, and thus increases the strength, toughness and wear resistance of steel; Cr and C elements increases the hardness of iron-based alloy. With the increase of C, V and Cr contents in alloy powder, the microstructure of wear-resistant iron-based alloy is obviously refined, and hard phases such as Cr23Cs, V2C and VsC7 are formed in iron-based alloy, which is beneficial to improve the hardness and wear resistance of wear-resistant iron-based alloy. Internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy is used for laser additive manufacturing of shaft parts with high requirements on hardness, wear resistance and toughness.
The invention is further described with reference to the figures:
Fig. 1 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the core laser additive manufacturing low alloy steel as shown in Embodiment 1. It can be seen that the core laser additive manufacturing low-alloy steel consists of an a-Fe phase with a lower hardness of about 310HV and a elongation of 18%.
Fig. 2 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of laser additive manufacturing wear- resistant stainless steel internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron- based alloy (V = 2.0, 8.0 wt.%) with the same laser irradiation process parameters. The increase of C, Cr and V content in alloy powder leads to the change of phase structure of wear-resistant iron-based alloy. When V=2.0 wt.%, the corresponding elements of C and Cr in the iron-based alloy powder are 0.78 wt.% and 18.83 wt.% respectively, and the contents of C, Cr and V in the powder are relatively small. As-deposited wear- resistant iron-based alloy is composed of a-Fe matrix phase and Cr23Ce hard phase.
With the increase of C, Cr and V in the alloy powder, V2C and VsC7 diffraction peaks appear one after another. V and Cr are strong carbide forming elements, and the increase of C and V elements enhances the driving force of vanadium carbide formation 508559 resulting in the formation of V2C and relatively stable VaC7 phase in the powder. The core low alloy steel with a-Fe phase structure as the matrix and the a-Fe phase wear- resistant alloy steel with carbide hard phase outside together form internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy. Compared with the traditional carburizing and quenching process, the formation of in-situ autogenous hard phase has a better effect on improving the wear resistance of alloy materials.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are photos of microstructure and morphology of the joint area of laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron- based alloy (V = 2.0, 8.0 wt.%). From the figures, it can be seen that the wear-resistant iron-based alloy is well combined with the core laser additive manufacturing low-alloy steel, and the joint is uniform and dense, without defects such as air holes and cracks.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are photos of microstructure and morphology of laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy (V = 2.0, 8.0 wt.%); as can be seen from the figures, with the increase of C, Cr and V content, the crystal size of cellular dendrites first decreases and then increases, while the fine white and black carbide particles distributed in the tissue gradually increase.
This is because V element can refine grains in iron-based alloy, and with the increase of
C and V content, the driving force of vanadium carbide formation is enhanced, and most of C and V elements are combined to produce V»C and VsC7, which reduces the content of elements distributed in intergranular structure and weakens the effect of V element on grain refinement. With the increase of Cr content, the binding rate with C element increases, which promotes the formation of Cr23Ce in iron-based alloy. The laser additive manufacturing process is a rapid melting process. In this process, the temperature gradient at the solidification interface is large and the solidification speed is high, which leads to the abnormal growth of grains and further refinement of the iron- based alloy structure. The uniform and dense microstructure is conducive to improving the hardness of iron-based alloy materials, thus further improving the wear resistance of iron-based alloy materials.
Fig. 7 shows the microhardness distribution curve of laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy (V = 2.0, 8.0 wt.%) . The microhardness of wear-resistant iron-based alloy (V = 2.0, 8.0 wt.%) outside the component is 815HV and 667HV, respectively. With the increase of the contents of
C, Cr and V in the alloy powder, the microhardness of wear-resistant iron-based alloy first increases and then decreases. This is because the increase of the contents of C,
Cr and V in the deposited samples aggravates the lattice distortion in the microstructure 508559 of iron-based alloy, promotes the solid solution strengthening effect, and thus increases the hardness of iron-based alloy. The formation of carbides also improves the hardness of iron-based alloy to a certain extent, but the increasing carbides reduce the content of solid solution alloy elements in grains and intergranular structures, weaken the lattice distortion of iron-based alloy, reduce the effect of solid solution strengthening and reduce the hardness. The surface hardness of the laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy is generally higher than that of the camshaft made by traditional carburizing and quenching process.
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are scanning electron microscope photos of the morphology of wear marks on the surface of the wear test block of laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy (V = 2.0, 8.0 wt.%). In the process of friction and wear, the surface of low V powder laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy is obviously peeled off, and obvious pits can be seen from the scanning morphology. With the increase of the contents of V and Cr in the external wear-resistant alloy powder, the wear surface pits of the laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy are obviously reduced, the surface wear spalling is weakened, and the wear resistance is enhanced. However, in V=8.0 wt.% powder, because the surface hardness and wear resistance of laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity external wear-resistant iron-based alloy are reduced, and the surface wear and spalling are aggravated again. The experimental results show that the relative wear resistance of laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy (V = 2.0, and 8.0 wt.%) (wear volume of core toughness low-alloy steel/wear volume of external wear-resistant iron-based alloy) is 19.6 and 17.8 respectively.

Claims (7)

CLAIMS LU508559
1. Powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity shaft components, characterized in that the basic composition mass percentage of powder used for internal low-alloy steel is C: 0.05-0.15%, Cr: 1.40-1.60%, Ni: 1.70-
2.0%, Si: 1.00-1.20%, Mo: 0.50-0.60%, Mn: 0.10-0.50%, B: 0.40-0.70%, V: 0.50-0.60%, and the rest is Fe; the basic composition mass percentage of powder used for external wear-resistant iron-based alloy is C: 0.78-2.19%, Cr: 18.83-24.39%, Ni: 1.17-1.54%, Si: 1.11-1.14%, Mo: 0.69-0.91%, Mn: 0.35-0.45%, B: 0.86-1.13%, Al: 0.08-0.24%, V: 2.0-8%, and the rest is Fe.
2. The powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity shaft components according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle sizes of the powder used for the internal low-alloy steel and the powder used for the external wear-resistant iron-based alloy are 53-140 microns.
3. A method for manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear- resistant iron-based alloy by using the powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity shaft components according to claim 1, characterized in that: the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: 1) the powder used for the internal low-alloy steel and the powder used for the external wear-resistant iron-based alloy of the composition of claim 1 are respectively ordered by vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening, and spherical powder a and spherical powder b are prepared; 2) spherical powder a and spherical powder b obtained in 1) are dried in the oven for more than 3h at 80-120°C respectively to prepare spherical powder a' and spherical powder b'; 3) polish the surface of low-alloy steel substrate with 60*-600* sandpaper, clean and dry for later use, and melt and deposit alloy materials on the low-alloy steel substrate after the spherical powder a’ obtained in 2) is irradiated by the fiber laser processing system in a coaxial powder feeding mode; 4) the fiber laser processing system is used for multiple laser irradiation treatments, with the output power of the laser of 1.8-2.5 kW, the scanning speed of 6-8 mm/s, the powder feeding rate of 13-18 g/min, the spot diameter of 3.5-4.5 mm, the overlapping rate of 45-55%, and the flow rate of shielding gas argon of 400-500 L/h, so as to obtain laser additive manufacturing high-toughness low-alloy steel core materials with a-Fe 831508559 the matrix; 5) the spherical powder b’ obtained in the 2) is irradiated by the fiber laser processing system in a coaxial powder feeding mode, and external wear-resistant alloy materials are melted and deposited on the surface of the laser additive manufacturing high-toughness low-alloy steel core materials with x-Fe as the matrix obtained in the 4); 6) the fiber laser processing system is used for multiple laser irradiation treatments, with the output power of the laser of 1.8-2.5 kW, the scanning speed of 6-8 mm/s, the powder feeding rate of 13-18 g/min, the spot diameter of 3.5-4.5 mm, the overlapping rate of 45-55%, and the flow rate of shielding gas argon of 400-500 L/h, so as to obtain laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear-resistant iron- based alloy.
4. The method for manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear- resistant iron-based alloy by using the powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity shaft components according to claim 3, characterized in that the spherical powder a and the spherical powder b prepared in 1) have a hollow sphere rate of <2%, an oxygen content of <250 ppm and an impurity content of <0.5%.
5. The method for manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear- resistant iron-based alloy by using the powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity shaft components according to claim 3, characterized in that the fluidity of the spherical powder a and the spherical powder b prepared in 1) is <16s/500.
6. The method for manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity wear- resistant iron-based alloy by using the powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity shaft components according to claim 3, characterized in that the apparent density of the spherical powder a and the spherical powder b in 1) is 24.35 g/cm?
7. The method for manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity Wea 508559 resistant iron-based alloy by using the powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity shaft components according to claim 3, characterized in that the scanning method of the laser in 4) and 6) is that the fiber laser continuously scans one layer back to the origin coordinate of the XY plane, and then scans the next layer, and the Z-axis movement distance of each layer is 0.6 mm; after multi-layer scanning, three-dimensional internal toughness and external rigidity wear- resistant iron-based alloy is formed.
LU508559A 2024-10-15 2024-10-15 Powder used for laser additive manufacturing internal toughness and external rigidity shaft components and forming method thereof LU508559B1 (en)

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