LU503913B1 - An Excavation Construction Method for Stable Face of Tunnel in Water-rich Strata - Google Patents
An Excavation Construction Method for Stable Face of Tunnel in Water-rich Strata Download PDFInfo
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- LU503913B1 LU503913B1 LU503913A LU503913A LU503913B1 LU 503913 B1 LU503913 B1 LU 503913B1 LU 503913 A LU503913 A LU 503913A LU 503913 A LU503913 A LU 503913A LU 503913 B1 LU503913 B1 LU 503913B1
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- tunnel
- strength
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011372 high-strength concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0642—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
- E21D9/0664—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end with means for applying a coating layer to the front face, e.g. by spraying
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0642—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
- E21D9/0671—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end with means for consolidating the rock in front of the shield by injection of consolidating substances through boreholes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Abstract
The invention discloses an excavation method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata, including Step S1: Vertically divide tunnel face into many sub-faces according to different water contents; Step S2: Determine number of water guide holes to be drilled for each undrilled sub-face; Step S3: Drain water from water guide holes on each sub-face for an appropriate period; Step S4: Excavate tunnel with tunneling equipment; Step S5: Repeat steps S2 to S4 until entire tunnel is excavated. According to different water contents of different positions, the invention divides the face into many different sub-faces with different water contents, then the number of undrilled water guide holes for each sub-face is calculated and determined. Thus sub-faces with different water contents can be under water drainage control, and the soil layer in front of the sub-face after drainage bears consistent pressure, avoiding the cracking caused by inconsistency of long-term pressure stress.
Description
An Excavation Construction Method for Stable Face of Tunnel in
Water-rich Strata
The invention relates to the field of excavation construction of tunnel face. More specifically, the invention relates to an excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata.
With the rapid development of railway transportation, tunnel excavation in different areas often encounters water-rich strata such as lakes and canals. Due to environmental factors, water-rich strata bear great water pressure. Once there are no appropriate measures taken, geological disasters, such as water gushing and mud outburst, may be easily caused during tunnel excavation, which further causes the instability of tunnel surrounding rock. In order to avoid such case, it is common in most methods to set drainage pipes to drain water, reduce water pressure, and then fill grouting materials. This method, with no doubt, 1s simple and practical, but the simple installation of drainage pipes may lead to different water pressure at different locations of the tunnel face, which will also cause a series of problems in the long run, such as cracking.
In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages of the invention, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides an excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata, including the following steps:
Step S1: Detect the water content and rock stratum in front of the tunnel face, vertically divide the tunnel face into many sub-faces according to different water contents and respectively mark each sub-face;
Step S2: According to the water content of each sub-face and the rock stratum, determine the number of water guide holes to be drilled on each sub-face, then use drilling equipment to drill water guide holes in each sub-face according to the required number to drain water. Moreover, water guide holes mentioned hereof should be inclined from top to bottom;
Step S3: Drain water from the water guide holes on each sub-face for a period of time;
Step S4: Excavate the tunnel with tunneling equipment and divide it into multiple sub-tunnel segments in length direction of the tunnel to be excavated. Above multiple sub-tunnel segments should be excavated by steps orderly from sub-faces on both sides to these sub-faces in the middle from each of the sub-tunnel segment. Besides, apply a concrete layer on each sub-face after excavation; LU503913
Step S5: Repeat the above steps S2 to S4 until the entire tunnel is excavated.
According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, there will be more water guide holes on sub-faces with higher water content in the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata.
According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, step S3 in the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata, after a period of water drainage via the water guide holes on each sub-face, also includes the following operations:
Measure the strength of the soil layer at a certain distance in front of each sub-face with the soil strength equipment, and calculate the amount of grouting material to be filled in each cubic meter of soil once reaching achieve the same strength according to the strength of the soil layer in front of each face. Besides, fill grouting material of corresponding amount into each sub-face according to the calculated amount, and then subsequent step S4 can be carried out after the grouting material 1s completely hardened.
According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, as required in step S3 in the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata, after filling grouting materials, measure the strength of the soil layer at a certain distance in front of each sub-face again with the soil strength equipment when the grouting material is hardened to the required hardness. In case that the corresponding strength of one of the sub-face is less than the average strength of all sub-faces within a certain range, continue to fill grouting materials into the sub-face, and when the grouting material of the face is hardened to the required hardness, continue to measure with the soil strength equipment and compare it with the strength of other faces when the grouting material is at the required hardness. Finally, repeat above operations until the strength of each low-strength area is within the average range;
The required hardness is less than that when the grouting material is completely hardened.
According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, support devices may be arranged on the adjacent sub-face of the sub-face being excavated during excavation in the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata.
According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, grouting anchor bar is proposed to be used to fill grouting materials into the coating in front of the sub-face, and when grouting, anchor bolts are to be anchored into the soil layer for anchoring in the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata.
According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, many filling holes are arranged on the front end and side wall of the anchor bolt in the excavation construction method for stablelfd663913 of tunnel in water-rich strata.
According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, the concrete mentioned above is high-strength concrete in the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata.
According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, as specified in step S3 in the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata, after the grouting material is completely hardened, a thin layer of concrete is to be sprayed on the top of the sub-face, and such thin layer of concrete can be excavated and crushed after hardening.
According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, as specified in step S3 in the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata, the grouting holes of the grouting anchor bar are covered by sealing plates that are made of flexible materials. The shape and size of the sealing plates and the grouting holes are well-matched and circular, and the sealing plates mention above are divided into a plurality of triangle-like plates by many central axes.
The invention includes at least the following beneficial effects: The present invention does not adopt the conventional prevention for arranging drainage pipes and filling grouting materials without distinction. Instead, the face is divided into multiple faces with different water contents according to the different water contents in different positions. Besides, based on the water content of each face and the rock stratum, the number of water guide holes to be drilled on each sub-face is calculated, based on which holes are drilled on each sub-face to control the water drainage of sub-face with different water contents, so that the soil layer in front of the sub-face after drainage bears more consistent pressure, which can avoid the cracking caused by the inconsistency of long-term pressure stress.
Other advantages, objectives and characteristics of the invention will be partly explained below and partly understood by the technical personnel in the field through the research and practice of the invention.
Specific Embodiment Mode
A more detailed description for the invention is given below by combining with the embodiments to command the technical personnel in this field to implement by referring to the contents of the Specification.
The following description is intended to illustrate the invention to enable technicians of the field to embody the invention. The preferred embodiments described below are only examples, and technicians of the field can think of other obvious variations. The basic principles of the invention defined in the following descriptions may be applied to other embodiments, variations, improvements,
equivalents and other technical schemes that do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the inventid#03913
It also should be understood that the term "one" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element may be one, and in another embodiments, the number of the element may be multiple, so the term "one" should not be understood asa limitation of quantity.
During the construction for tunnels in water-rich strata, drainage pipes will be generally provided to drain water and reduce water pressure. The simple installation of drainage pipes may lead to different water pressure at different locations of the tunnel face, which will also cause a series of problems in the long run, such as cracking. To solve this technical problem, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides an excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata, including the following steps:
Step S1: Detect the water content and rock stratum in front of the tunnel face, vertically divide the tunnel face into many sub-faces according to different water contents and respectively mark each sub-face;
Step S2: According to the water content of each sub-face and the rock stratum, determine the number of water guide holes to be drilled on each sub-face, then use drilling equipment to drill water guide holes in each sub-face according to the required number to drain water. Moreover, water guide holes mentioned hereof should be inclined from top to bottom;
Step S3: Drain water from the water guide holes on each sub-face for a period of time;
Step S4: Excavate the tunnel with tunneling equipment and divide it into multiple sub-tunnel segments in length direction of the tunnel to be excavated. Above multiple sub-tunnel segments should be excavated by steps orderly from sub-faces on both sides to these sub-faces in the middle from each of the sub-tunnel segment. Besides, apply a concrete layer on each sub-face after excavation;
Step S5: Repeat the above steps S2 to S4 until the entire tunnel is excavated.
In above embodiments, the present invention does not adopt the conventional prevention for arranging drainage pipes and filling grouting materials without distinction. Instead, the face is divided into multiple faces with different water contents according to the different water contents in different positions. Besides, based on the water content of each face and the rock stratum, the number of water guide holes to be drilled on each sub-face is calculated, based on which holes are drilled on each sub-face to control the water drainage of sub-face with different water contents, so that the soil layer in front of the sub-face after drainage bears more consistent pressure, which can avoid the cracking caused by the inconsistency of long-term pressure stress.
Grouting material refers to the fluid material filled into the crevices and holes of strata, rockk/s@3913 structures under pressure to increase the bearing capacity, prevent leakage and improve the overall performance of structures, which is curable. There is no restriction on the type of grouting materials here, and conventional building grouting materials that be bought on the market are available. 5 In addition, the sub-face with higher water contents requires to drain more water and more water guide holes are also required on the sub-face. On the contrary, less water guide holes are required on the sub-face if the water content is low.
According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, step S3 in the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata, after a period of water drainage via the water guide holes on each sub-face, also includes the following operations:
Measure the strength of the soil layer at a certain distance in front of each sub-face with the soil strength equipment, and calculate the amount of grouting material to be filled in each cubic meter of soil once reaching achieve the same strength according to the strength of the soil layer in front of each face. Besides, fill grouting material of corresponding amount into each sub-face according to the calculated amount, and then subsequent step S4 can be carried out after the grouting material is completely hardened.
Considering that after drainage, the strength of different sub-faces will also change, it is impracticable to fill grouting concrete into all sub-faces in a conventional and uniform way. In the above embodiments, the soil layer at a certain distance in front of each sub-face is measured with the soil strength equipment. The amount of grouting material to be filled in each cubic meter of soil once reaching achieve the same strength is also calculated according to the strength of the soil layer in front of each face. In this way, the soil layer in front of the different sub-faces can be subject to grouting treatment in a targeted way, so that the strength of all the sub-faces can be relatively consistent, avoiding subsequent problems caused by long-term inconsistency.
According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, as required in step S3 in the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata, after filling grouting materials, measure the strength of the soil layer at a certain distance in front of each sub-face again with the soil strength equipment when the grouting material is hardened to the required hardness. In case that the corresponding strength of one of the sub-face is less than the average strength of all sub-faces within a certain range, continue to fill grouting materials into the sub-face, and when the grouting material of the face is hardened to the required hardness, continue to measure with the soil strength equipment and compare it with the strength of other faces when the grouting material is at the required hardness. Finally, repeat above operations until the strength of each low-strength area is within the average range;
The required hardness is less than that when the grouting material is completely hardened. LU503913
After filling grouting materials, the strength of the soil after grouting is tested as required in embodiment above. If it fails to reach the standard, corresponding measures should be taken to ensure the consistency of subsequent strength.
According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, support devices may be arranged on the adjacent sub-face of the sub-face being excavated during excavation in the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata, so as to further improve the overall stability.
According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, grouting anchor bar is proposed to be used to fill grouting materials into the coating in front of the sub-face, and when grouting, anchor bolts are to be anchored into the soil layer for anchoring in the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata, so as to further improve the overall stability.
According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, many filling holes are arranged onthe front end and side wall of the anchor bolt in the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata. Compared with conventional anchor bolt only requiring grouting for front end, many filling holes are arranged on the front end and side wall of the anchor bolt of the application , which can greatly improve the grouting efficiency and achieve uniform grouting.
According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, the concrete mentioned above is high-strength concrete in the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata.
High-strength concrete refers to the concrete with a strength grade of C60 or above, and the concrete with a strength grade of C100 or above is called ultra-high strength concrete. It is high-strength concrete made of raw materials such as cement, sand and stone and mixed with water reducer and fly ash, F mineral powder, slag and silicon powder via conventional process production.
According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, as specified in step S3 in the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata, after the grouting material is completely hardened, a thin layer of concrete is to be sprayed on the top of the sub-face, and such thin layer of concrete can be excavated and crushed after hardening. Besides, it can also play a supporting role, but based on its strength, it can be easily crushed by excavating equipment.
According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, as specified in step S3 in the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata, the grouting holes of the grouting anchor bar are covered by sealing plates that are made of flexible materials. The shape and size of the sealing plates and the grouting holes are well-matched and circular, and the sealing plat883913 mention above are divided into a plurality of triangle-like plates by many central axes. The triangle-like plate is an acute triangle with two straight adjacent sides and the other adjacent side being an arc, and the arc adjacent sides of the triangle-like plate form a circle together.
In the above embodiment, the significance of the sealing plate is to prevent the grouting hole from being blocked by rock or soil, resulting in failure of subsequent normal grouting and use. When no grouting is carried out, the flexible sealing plate can play a temporary sealing effect. When grouting is required, the grouting thrust can open the triangle-like plate in the triangular plate of the flexible sealing plate to form a grouting channel.
The implementation plan of the invention has been disclosed as above, but it is not limited to the application listed in the specification and embodiment mode. It can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the invention. For those who are familiar with the field, additional modifications can be easily realized. So, the invention is not limited to specific details and illustrations shown and described here without departing from the general concept defined by the claim and the equivalent range.
Claims (10)
1. An excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata, with the characteristics of including following steps: Step S1: Detect the water content and rock stratum in front of the tunnel face, vertically divide the tunnel face into many sub-faces according to different water contents and respectively mark each sub-face; Step S2: According to the water content of each sub-face and the rock stratum, determine the number of water guide holes to be drilled on each sub-face, then use drilling equipment to drill water guide holes in each sub-face according to the required number to drain water. Moreover, water guide holes mentioned hereof should be inclined from top to bottom; Step S3: Drain water from the water guide holes on each sub-face for a period of time; Step S4: Excavate the tunnel with tunneling equipment and divide it into multiple sub-tunnel segments in length direction of the tunnel to be excavated. Above multiple sub-tunnel segments should be excavated by steps orderly from sub-faces on both sides to these sub-faces in the middle from each of the sub-tunnel segment. Besides, apply a concrete layer on each sub-face after excavation; Step S5: Repeat the above steps S2 to S4 until the entire tunnel is excavated.
2. As described in Claim 1, the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata hereof has the characteristics that there will be more water guide holes on sub-faces with higher water content.
3. As described in Claim 1, the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata hereof has the characteristics that step S3, after a period of water drainage via the water guide holes on each sub-face, also includes the following operations: Measure the strength of the soil layer at a certain distance in front of each sub-face with the soil strength equipment, and calculate the amount of grouting material to be filled in each cubic meter of soil once reaching achieve the same strength according to the strength of the soil layer in front of each face. Besides, fill grouting material of corresponding amount into each sub-face according to the calculated amount, and then LU503913 subsequent step S4 can be carried out after the grouting material is completely hardened.
4. As described in Claim 3, the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata hereof has the characteristics that in step S3, after filling grouting materials, it is required to measure the strength of the soil layer at a certain distance in front of each sub-face again with the soil strength equipment when the grouting material is hardened to the required hardness. In case that the corresponding strength of one of the sub-face is less than the average strength of all sub-faces within a certain range, it is required to continue to fill grouting materials into the sub-face, and when the grouting material of the face is hardened to the required hardness, continue to measure with the soil strength equipment and compare it with the strength of other faces when the grouting material is at the required hardness. Finally, it is necessary to repeat above operations until the strength of each low-strength area is within the average range; The required hardness is less than that when the grouting material is completely hardened.
5. As described in Claim 1, the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata hereof has the characteristics that support devices may be arranged on the adjacent sub-face of the sub-face being excavated during excavation.
6. As described in Claim 3, the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata hereof has the characteristics that grouting anchor bar is proposed to be used to fill grouting materials into the coating in front of the sub-face, and when grouting, anchor bolts are to be anchored into the soil layer for anchoring.
7. As described in Claim 6, the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata hereof has the characteristics that many filling holes are arranged on the front end and side wall of the anchor bolt.
8. As described in Claim 3, the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata hereof has the characteristics that, as specified in step S3, after the grouting material is completely hardened, a thin layer of concrete is to be sprayed on the top of the sub-face, and such thin layer of concrete can be excavated and crushed after hardening.
9. As described in Claim 7, the excavation construction method for stable face of LUS03913 tunnel in water-rich strata hereof has the characteristics that, as specified in step S3, the grouting holes of the grouting anchor bar are covered by sealing plates that are made of flexible materials. The shape and size of the sealing plates and the grouting holes are well-matched and circular, and the sealing plates mention above are divided into a plurality of triangle-like plates by many central axes.
10. As described in Claim 7, the excavation construction method for stable face of tunnel in water-rich strata hereof has the characteristics that the concrete mentioned above is high-strength concrete.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210976373.7A CN115680672A (en) | 2022-08-15 | 2022-08-15 | Excavation construction method for water-rich stratum tunnel stabilization tunnel face |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| LU503913B1 true LU503913B1 (en) | 2023-10-16 |
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ID=85060766
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU503913A LU503913B1 (en) | 2022-08-15 | 2023-04-11 | An Excavation Construction Method for Stable Face of Tunnel in Water-rich Strata |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115680672A (en) |
| LU (1) | LU503913B1 (en) |
-
2022
- 2022-08-15 CN CN202210976373.7A patent/CN115680672A/en active Pending
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2023
- 2023-04-11 LU LU503913A patent/LU503913B1/en active IP Right Grant
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115680672A (en) | 2023-02-03 |
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Effective date: 20231016 |