LU500462A1 - Device for producing mechanical energy, electrical energy and method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The present description concerns an energy production device (1000) comprising: - at least one cylinder (100), said at least cylinder comprising a first fluid inlet section, called inlet (A), and a second outlet section of said fluid, called exhaust (E); - a rotation shaft (XX') of a divergence cone (110), said rotation shaft being substantially parallel to an axis of symmetry of the at least one cylinder; and - said divergence cone, arranged between the intake and the exhaust of the at least one cylinder, and in which a flow of fluid between the intake and the exhaust applies a torque to the rotation shaft, said applied torque producing rotational movement of the diverging cone around the rotating shaft.

Description

Device for producing mechanical energy, electrical energy and method for this purpose Field of the invention

This description relates to the field of fluid mechanics and energy production, in particular mechanical, electrical and electromechanical energy. Background of the invention

[0002] Liquids or fluids in flow have been the basis of many industrial applications which can be classified according to the following criteria: liquids or fluids in flow converge with speed amplification, liquids or fluids in flow converge with amplification of the pressure, and fluid or fluids in divergent flow with essentially an amplification of the speed.

[0003] Firstly, liquids or fluids in converging flow with speed amplification are known: for example syringes, high-pressure cleaners, fire hoses, water jets, hydraulic screwdrivers, etc.

[0004] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a corresponding energy production device D whose operation is based on the natural or artificial displacement of a liquid in this device.

The device D comprises a cylinder C which may have different sections S1, S2 and S3 different and through which a liquid flows. Cylinder C comprises an inlet zone called intake A which has a predefined inlet section and an outlet zone called exhaust E which has a predefined exhaust section. The outlet section is reduced compared to the inlet section. The difference between the cross section of the intake and that of the exhaust is obtained by the narrowing of the flow cross section at the outlet of the cylinder.

[0006] The flow of the liquid takes place in the cylinder C so that the circular section S1 is gradually reduced to a section S2 then to a section S3 with S1>S2>S3. It follows that the liquid will be forced to approach the axis XX of the cylinder C during its displacement, this displacement being defined as being a convergent flow.

[0007] The intake A and the exhaust E of the cylinder C are circular, so that the equation of continuity or conservation of mass is written: r1.51.V1 = r2.52.V2 = Qm with "r1" the density of the moving liquid at the inlet, "S1" the surface area of the inlet, V1 the flow velocity at the inlet, "r2" the density of the moving liquid at the exhaust , “S2” the area of the exhaust, “V2” the flow velocity at the exhaust and “Qm” the mass of the volume flow. The values of "r1" and "r2" are equal for the same incompressible fluid in flow, and in this case the relation S1.V1 = S2.V2 = Qv applies with Qm = r1.Qv = r2.Qv, where "Qv" is the volume flow. Therefore, it is known in the present case that the relation D12.V1 = D22.V2 holds, with V2 = V1(D1/D2)? where D1 is the diameter of the intake A and where D2 is the diameter of the exhaust E.

[0008] The increase in the speed of the liquid in convergent flow in the device D thus causes a reduction in the pressure according to Bernoulli's theorem. However, the mass of the liquid in motion is kept with a higher speed on its arrival at the exhaust, hence a higher force exerted on the blades of the exhaust propeller.

[0009] Secondly, liquids or fluids in convergent flow with pressure amplification are known: for example water jet cutting machines with or without the addition of abrasive powder, etc.

For example, Figure 2 illustrates the use of convergent flow for application in a hydraulic device. This hydraulic device comprises a cylinder C, a high pressure hydraulic pump P and a piston Pi which is aligned along the main axis XX of the cylinder C, as for the previous figure. The pump P supplies an intake zone C1 of the cylinder C with a fluid, this fluid exerting a pressure P1 on the surface S1 of the piston Pi. The fluid sent by the pump P then exerts a force "F" on the surface S1 which in turn transmits it into an exhaust zone C2 of cylinder C via its section S2. The fluid is thus pushed into C2 with a force "F" whose value is defined by the relation F = P1.S1 = P2.S2, with "P1" the pressure in the C1 zone and "P2" the pressure in the zone C2. It follows from this relationship that P2 = P1.(S1/S2), and therefore that a reduction in the section of the piston when using a convergent flow makes it possible to increase the pressure of the fluid at the outlet of the cylinder C .

[0011] Various industrial sectors use this technology to produce devices capable of applying significant pressure, for example in the automotive and agri-food sectors, where cutting machines are used. Based on the principle of a fluid or a liquid in converging flow, such machines can cut plastics, carpets, foams, sound-absorbing materials, rubber, composite materials, or even fabrics over a thickness ranging from up to 150 millimeters.

[0012] The addition of abrasive powders allows the cutting of more resistant materials such as steel, titanium, aluminum, marble, glass or composite materials such as carbon fiber or fiberglass. kevlar.

[0013] Thirdly, liquids or fluids in divergent flow are known, essentially with amplification of the speed: for example water vapor turbines in particular for power stations, water turbines in particular for hydraulic dams, or more air turbines, especially for aircraft engines.

[0014] A defect or disadvantage of power generation plants and/or devices using these types of flow is that polluting or dangerous products are often used.

[0015] Another defect or disadvantage is that such power stations and/or devices are generally fixed, which makes it impossible to produce energy where it is needed.

[0016] Yet another defect or disadvantage is that these power plants and/or these devices require the presence of a high-voltage electrical network to convey the electricity produced to the consumer.

[0017] Other defects or disadvantages also include the fact that high-voltage electrical networks are dependent on climatic hazards, and that the production costs of these power stations and/or these devices are high.

Subject matter and summary of the invention

In order to improve the situation and to respond to this or these drawbacks, a general object of the invention is to provide an energy production device.

[0019] A first object of the invention relates, in general, to an energy production device comprising: - at least one cylinder, said at least cylinder comprising a first fluid inlet section, called inlet, and a second outlet section of said fluid, called the exhaust; - a rotation shaft of a divergence cone, said rotation shaft being substantially parallel to an axis of symmetry of the at least one cylinder; and - said divergence cone, arranged between the inlet and the exhaust of the at least one cylinder, and in which a flow of the fluid between the inlet and the exhaust applies a torque to the rotation shaft, the said torque applied producing a rotational movement of the divergence cone around the rotating shaft.

[0020] In other words, the energy production device of the first object of the invention is adapted so that, when a fluid is flowing in Tat least one cylinder, the flow of the fluid causes the application of such a torque on the rotation shaft of the divergence cone, said divergence cone then being moved by a rotational movement around the rotation shaft of the cylinder.

This makes it possible to provide a device producing energy by means of the divergent flow of a fluid in a controlled system.

[0022] This also makes it possible to provide a device that corrects the defects of current techniques while providing numerous improvements combining economy, ease of use and protection of the planet's environment.

[0023] In the present, a couple is a set of forces applied to an element or a system comprising this element, and generating a non-zero total moment. A torque therefore tends to set the system in rotation, ie it causes a variation in its angular momentum, without necessarily modifying the movement of its center of gravity. We also call torque the moment of a force of such a torque, that is to say the physical quantity which translates the force in rotation applied to an axis. Unlike the moment of a force, the torque does not depend on the point relative to which it is evaluated.

[0024] Herein, two elements are considered to be substantially parallel when they are parallel with an accuracy of plus or minus 5 degrees.

[0025] In the present, the application of the torque to the rotation shaft of the divergence cone is considered equivalently as an application of this same torque to the axis of symmetry of the cylinder, and more generally to the length d an arm which would be disposed in a direction substantially parallel to a main axis of the device.

[0026] Herein, a cone of divergence is a solid bounded by a conical surface. This conical surface is defined by a straight line, called generatrix, passing through a fixed point, called vertex, and a variable point describing a curve, called directing curve.

[0027] Preferably, the divergence cone is a solid or hollow cone of revolution, the base of which is smaller in size than the exhaust section, having for example the shape of a right circular cone. The divergence cone can also be a truncated cone, a cone with an elliptical base or even a cone with a polygonal base.

Preferably, the apex of the divergence cone is located on the rotation shaft and on the axis of symmetry of the at least one cylinder. The apex of the divergence cone is located on the intake side and the base of the divergence cone is located on the exhaust side so that the passage section of the flowing fluid from the intake to the exhaust is gradually reduced in that Sens.

[0029] While in the case of a convergent flow, the narrowing of the cylinder section at the level of the exhaust can be represented by the installation of a funnel, a divergent flow can be represented by the installation of a inverted funnel or a cone with the same axis as the cylinder and whose tip is directed towards the intake, which has the effect of causing the flowing liquid to diverge towards the outer wall of the cylinder.

[0030] An example of divergent flow is a compressible flow, with the particularity that small variations in density, pressure and speed of the fluid will tend to propagate inside said fluid with a speed which is the celerity sound in the considered environment.

It is thus possible to obtain a torque and a speed that can be adapted or adapted to the production of a mechanical movement by rotation of the shaft, with or without its partial or total transformation by an alternator into electrical energy.

[0032] According to one embodiment, intake and exhaust are arranged so as to form a fluid flow circuit in the cylinder, said flow circuit being open or closed. Herein, the circuit of the device is then said to be of the open or closed type as the case may be.

[0033] When the circuit of the device is of the open type, the fluid flowing in the device is injected into the intake and completely evacuated by the exhaust, without immediate reinjection into the circuit.

[0034] When the circuit of the device is of the closed type, the fluid flowing in the device is enclosed in the device and reused in a loop by successive reinjections of the fluid into the intake via the exhaust, which can then merge.

According to one embodiment, the fluid is chosen from air, water, glycol water, water combined with an antifreeze and oil.

[0036] Advantageously, air makes it possible to improve the output and efficiency of an open-type circuit such as an aircraft reactor or a wind turbine.

[0037] Advantageously, water makes it possible to improve the performance and efficiency of a device in natural admission, for example for a hydraulic dam or the exploitation of a sea current.

[0038] Advantageously, water in combination with an additional suitable material, for example bronze, makes it possible to reduce the power of corrosion and oxidation of ferrous metals, for example steels and cast irons, within the device. In these cases, it is preferred to use water combined with this material at a temperature below their boiling point.

[0039] According to certain embodiments, the fluid is water combined with an antifreeze.

This makes it possible to ensure proper operation of the device at low temperature, to withstand temperatures below -35° C., for example.

[0041] Advantageously, glycol water allows use in an internal combustion engine to provide a cooling circuit. This allows for controlled use in the case of a closed-type circuit. This use is facilitated when the device also comprises elements such as those of an internal combustion engine, for example a radiator, an expansion vessel, etc.

[0042] Advantageously, the fluid is mineral oil, possibly synthetic or vegetable oil. This makes it possible to have controlled use in the case of a closed-type circuit, as for glycol water. Mineral oil, in addition to its lubricating power, has the advantage of having a higher boiling point than water or glycol water. It is also more advantageous than water in the event of freezing conditions in or near the device.

[0043] According to certain embodiments, the fluid is 5W30 or 5W40 synthetic oil.

[0044] This makes it possible to use a cheap liquid whose viscosity index is low cold and hot and which are sold at low prices, in particular a winter viscosity index of 5 and a hot index of 30. or 40.

[0045] According to certain embodiments, the fluid is 10W40 semi-synthetic oil or 5W30 hydraulic oil.

According to certain embodiments, the fluid is in the form of steam to drive the turbines of power plants.

According to one embodiment, the admission is a natural admission, an artificial admission or a mixed admission.

[0048] Herein, a mixed admission is both a natural and an artificial admission.

In the case of a natural-type intake, the flow of fluid in the device results for example from the exploitation of wind by means of a device in static position such as a wind turbine, from the exploitation of the resistance of the air by a moving vehicle or the exploitation of the fall or the flow of water from a river or an ocean current.

[0050] In the case of an admission of the artificial type, the flow of the fluid in the device results for example from the exploitation of the thrust of air, glycol water or mineral oil, this thrust being generated by a high pressure hydraulic pump or by a system of propeller(s) or fan(s) driven by an electric motor, preferably an energy efficient electric motor.

[0051] Still in the case of an artificial-type intake, the fluid flow is caused by a propeller or a fan driven by a motor. At the exhaust, the flow of fluid spins a propeller or fan, transferring the energy of this rotation to the shaft of the device. This makes it possible to use it for mechanical operation, for example in a gearbox of a vehicle and/or, totally or partially, for driving a generator or an alternator. to generate electricity.

In the case of artificial intake, for example, the flow is caused by a propeller or a fan driven by an electric motor. In turn, at the exhaust, the flow of liquid will turn a propeller or a fan with transfer of this rotation to the shaft for mechanical operation (gearbox of a vehicle for example) and/or, totally or partially, driving an alternator to produce electricity.

In the case of a mixed type admission, the flow of fluid in the device results for example from the exploitation of the air thrust caused on the one hand naturally by the wind and by the movement of a vehicle such as an airplane in flight and on the other hand artificially by the reactivity of the engine(s) of the vehicle, for example its engines (reactors).

[0054] In the present, whether the admission is natural, artificial or mixed, the admission is at least partly at the origin of the initial movement of the fluid towards the exhaust, with the role of transforming the linear movement of the fluid in a circular motion of the rotating shaft.

[0055]According to one embodiment, the inlet and the exhaust are interconnected by a link, said link being chosen from among an independent link and an integrated link.

[0056] Herein, the type of connection between the intake and exhaust makes it possible to provide different modes of operation of the device.

When the connection is of the independent type, the inlet of the device is completely independent of the exhaust, which allows greater flexibility in the operation of the device. This is particularly the case when the admission is of a natural type.

[0058] When the connection is of the integrated type, also called integral, the intake is in this case generally artificial and integral with the exhaust, which makes it possible to make the system reactive.

According to certain embodiments, and advantageously, if the connection is of the integrated type, the device comprises elements for activating and/or deactivating the connection, for example a clutch or a coupling device.

[0060] In certain variants, provision is made to add artificial intakes and/or intermediate exhausts with one or more rows. This makes it possible to cause both a greater amplification of the escapement speed but also of the final torque resulting from the addition of the torques of each row of escapements.

[0061] In a variant, the intake is arranged close to the exhaust by adapting the structure of the device, of the cylinder and/or of the divergence cone.

[0062] In another variant, the intake and/or the exhaust are/is mounted on the divergent cone to form a single piece.

According to one embodiment, the inlet and/or the exhaust of the device comprises at least one propeller, said at least one propeller comprising a flat blade or a row of flat blades forming an angle with the rotation shaft of the cone of divergence, said angle having a value greater than 0° and less than 45°, the value of the angle being for example equal to 45°, 30°, 18°, 10°, 5° or 2°.

[0064] The presence of an intake propeller in the intake and/or an exhaust propeller in the exhaust makes it possible to adapt the flow of the fluid in the device, and possibly to act on the overall efficiency of the device. In addition, the presence of an intake helix

[0065] and/or an exhaust propeller in a closed-type circuit allows the flowing fluid to be in continuous motion, the fluid acting differently on each type of propeller.

[0066] According to one embodiment, the rotation shaft, the cylinder, the inlet and the outlet of the device are integral with each other.

This makes it possible to optimize the flow of a fluid in the device, since the losses are partially or totally eliminated in favor of an increased overall efficiency. The cone, the admission, the exhaust(s), the cylinder and the rotating shaft integral with each other is a preferred solution, but it is advisable to combine such a configuration with one or more additional means making it possible to prevent the device from racing when it is in operation.

[0068] According to certain embodiments, means may be provided for this purpose, for example means for ensuring the blocking of the device with a stop system to put the cylinder, intake and/or exhaust in the position of stop. Means can also be provided to brake the device if necessary, for example with a flywheel fitted with a magnetic brake or a system for switching the motor into an alternator to enable it to act as a brake for the device. .

According to certain embodiments, means may be provided for managing the rotational speed of the cylinder, for example using a speed variator aided by optional magnetic braking of the flywheel.

[0070] According to certain embodiments, means may be provided for starting the device using a starter configured to actuate a flywheel such as a toothed flywheel and to possibly transform itself into an alternator for increase braking on demand, etc.

[0071] According to certain embodiments, still other means may be provided to maintain the device at a selected temperature, for example by means of a suitable liquid as the fluid and/or a cooling system. This cooling system comprises for example a heating system to start the system at very low temperature, a radiator and expansion vessel to cool the system on command, etc.

According to one embodiment, at least one cylinder is included in a casing of the device, said casing being provided with fins and/or said casing having an outer surface which is formed of undulations.

[0073] This makes it possible to increase the effective surface of the device which is in contact with the outside, for example in contact with the outside air flowing along the casing, while providing a sealed envelope to protect the au less than one cylinder. This also makes it possible to increase the dissipation of heat by the casing, and in particular the heat produced by the fluid flowing in the device.

According to one embodiment, the device further comprises at least one generator/alternator mounted at the intake level and/or at the exhaust level, the energy of the rotational movement of the divergence cone around the rotating shaft being converted by said generator/alternator into electrical energy.

[0075] According to one embodiment, the device further comprises a high-pressure hydraulic pump configured to supply the admission with the flowing fluid.

According to certain embodiments, the high-pressure hydraulic pump is a high-pressure, high-flow hydraulic pump.

According to certain embodiments, the high-pressure hydraulic pump is actuated by an electric motor, for example a generator/alternator or a synchronous electric motor with permanent magnets and adjustable speed.

Advantageously, the performance of permanent magnet synchronous motors makes it possible to provide a device that is cleaner and that optimizes its overall efficiency.

According to one embodiment, the inlet and outlet of the device are separated by a wall integral with the cylinder, the high-pressure hydraulic pump comprising a reverser configured to reverse the direction of flow of the fluid from the exhaust to the inlet.

[0080] This allows the inlet and the exhaust to alternately serve as "receiver" and "injector" (or "emitter") compartments for the flowing fluid depending on the amount of fluid present in each compartment. It is therefore possible to adapt the pressure exerted by the flowing fluid at a particular location of the device, and at a given moment, as desired.

A second object of the invention relates to different types of mechanical and/or electrical energy production plants.

According to one embodiment, the energy production plant is called a category A1 plant, and comprises a device according to the first object of the invention, in which the intake and the exhaust are arranged so as to form a closed flow circuit, the fluid being oil or glycol water, the inlet being artificial and driven by an electric motor, the inlet and the exhaust being integral, the at least one cylinder being provided with a housing, one opening of which is adapted to fill the device with the fluid intended to flow into the device and of which another opening is adapted to evacuate the fluid from the device, the device further comprising at least one generator/alternator mounted at the level of the exhaust, the energy of the rotational movement of the divergence cone around the rotating shaft being converted by said generator/alternator into electrical energy.

According to one embodiment, the energy production plant is called a category A2 plant, and comprises a device according to the first object of the invention, in which the intake and the exhaust are arranged so as to form a closed flow circuit, the fluid being mineral oil or glycol water, the inlet being artificial, the rotation shaft, the divergence cone and an exhaust propeller being integral, the device further comprising a high pressure hydraulic pump driven by an electric motor and connected, on the one hand, to an inlet of the cylinder and, on the other hand, to a radiator of the device adapted to cool the fluid, said radiator being connected to a exit from the cylinder at the level of the exhaust.

According to one embodiment, the energy production plant is called a category A3 plant, and comprises a device according to the first object of the invention, in which the intake and the exhaust are arranged so as to forming two closed flow circuits, the fluid being oil or glycol water, the device further comprising a high pressure hydraulic pump, the intake being artificial and driven by an electric motor of said high pressure hydraulic pump , said two closed flow circuits each comprising two compartments communicating with one another, connected to the exhaust and acting alternately as inlet and exhaust, said high-pressure hydraulic pump being provided with a fluid circulation direction inverter in the compartments of each circuit of the device, each compartment comprising at least one piston movable by the flow of the fluid and adapted to slide on the rotation shaft, the movement of said at least one piston producing mechanical energy.

According to one embodiment, the energy production plant is called a category A4 plant, and comprises a device according to the first object of the invention, in which the intake and exhaust are arranged so as to form a single closed circuit, the intake being artificial, the fluid being oil or glycol water, the device further comprising a high pressure hydraulic pump configured to transfer the fluid from said intake to said exhaust and vice versa, the device comprising furthermore a piston adapted to slide along the rotation shaft of the cylinder, the device further comprising a toothed wheel integral with the rotation shaft adapted to allow the flow of the fluid by driving a disengageable gear located at one side of the piston.

According to one embodiment, the energy production plant is called a category B plant, and comprises a device according to the first object of the invention, in which the intake and the exhaust are integral and arranged so to form an open circuit, the admission being natural and artificial, in which the fluid is air, the cylinder of the device further comprising an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder arranged around the rotation shaft, the inner cylinder comprising a furnace, for example a "honeycomb" furnace, said furnace being configured to inductively heat the flowing fluid, the inner cylinder further comprising a magnetic insulator such that the rotating shaft is isolated from the cylinder interior and/or the exterior cylinder, the device further comprising a generator/alternator configured to generate electrical energy from the relative rotation of the exterior and interior cylinders.

[0087] According to one embodiment, as soon as a sufficient level of temperature in the heating zone of the reactor is reached, the electric motor switches to an alternator and admission is then effected by reaction.

[0088] According to one embodiment, the furnace is an induction furnace suitable for heating an element by induction, the heating of which, in turn, makes it possible to heat the air flowing through the device with the effect of increasing its volume as it passes.

According to one embodiment, the energy production plant is called a category C plant, and comprises at least one category A1 plant according to a previous embodiment, a category A2 plant according to a previous embodiment , a central category A3 according to a previous embodiment or a central category A4 according to a previous embodiment, so as to comprise a device according to the first object of the invention, the admission being artificial or natural, [admission and the escapement being integral or unconnected, the escapement comprising a plurality of escapement propellers.

[0090] According to one embodiment, the energy production plant is called a category D plant, and comprises a device according to the first object of the invention, in which the fluid is water, the inlet being natural or artificial, the intake and the exhaust being unrelated and arranged in an open circuit, the exhaust comprising a plurality of exhaust propellers distributed along the cylinder.

[0091] Advantageously, the second object of the invention makes it possible to provide the market with mini-electric power stations calibrated to the required needs and endowed with a very great autonomy, for example mini-power stations of reduced dimensions.

The plants of the second object of the invention can be fixed to equip factories, buildings, individual houses.

[0093] These plants can also be on board to equip means of transport and/or production, for example cars, buses, trucks, planes, boats, trains, construction machinery, agricultural tractors, combine harvesters, etc.

[0094] Electricity can thus be produced where it is needed, which makes it possible to eliminate in the medium term dangerous and/or polluting power stations, low, medium and high voltage electrical networks, catenaries along roads iron, wind turbines that disfigure landscapes, means of transport or production equipped with polluting engines, pollution caused by heating in general, etc.

A third object of the invention relates, in general, to a method for producing electrical or mechanical energy, said method comprising: - injecting a fluid into at least one cylinder of a device according to the first object or the second object of the invention, and - converting into mechanical energy or into electrical energy the energy resulting from the rotational movement of the cone of divergence around the rotation shaft.

This makes it possible to provide a process for the production of clean mechanical and/or electrical energy, renewable at will and very economical, since the investment costs are moderate and the operating costs are practically zero. Brief description of the drawings

[0097] Other characteristics, details and advantages will appear on reading the detailed description below, and on analyzing the appended drawings, in which:

[0098] [Fig. 1], FIG. 1 already described, illustrates a cross-sectional view of a prior art power-generating device whose operation is based on the convergent flow of a liquid;

[0099] [Fig. 2], Figure 2 already described, shows a schematic view of a hydraulic device of the art of the prior art whose operation is based on the convergent flow of a liquid;

[0100] [Fig. 3], figure 3, represents a schematic view of an energy production device whose operation is based on the divergent flow of a fluid;

[0101] [Fig. 4], figure 4, represents a schematic view of another energy production device whose operation is based on the divergent flow of a fluid;

[0102] [Fig. 5], figure 5, represents a schematic view of another electrical and mechanical energy production device based on the principle of divergent flow of a fluid;

[0103] [Fig. 6], figure 6, represents a schematic view of another electrical and mechanical energy production device based on the principle of divergent flow of a fluid;

[0104] [Fig. 7], figure 7, represents different variants of the device of figure 6;

[0105] [Fig. 8], figure 8, represents a schematic view of a blade of a propeller of a device whose operation is based on the divergent flow of a fluid;

[0106] [Fig. 9], figure 9, represents a schematic view of another electrical and mechanical energy production device based on the principle of divergent flow of a fluid;

[0107] [Fig. 10], FIG. 10, represents a schematic view of a so-called “category D” electrical and mechanical power plant and according to a first example of the invention;

[0108] [Fig. 11], FIG. 11, represents a schematic view of a so-called “category A” electrical and mechanical power plant and according to a second example of the invention;

[0109] [Fig. 12], FIG. 12, represents a schematic view of a so-called “category A” electrical and mechanical power plant and according to a third example of the invention;

[0110] [Fig. 13], FIG. 13, represents a schematic view of a so-called “category A” electrical and mechanical power plant and according to a fourth example of the invention;

[0111] [Fig. 14], FIG. 14, represents a schematic view of a so-called “category A” electrical and mechanical power plant and according to a fifth example of the invention;

[0112] [Fig. 15], Figure 15, shows a schematic view of a link that can be implemented in an electrical and mechanical power plant;

[0113] [Fig. 16], Figure 16, shows a schematic view of a link mechanism that can be implemented in an electrical and mechanical power plant;

[0114] [Fig. 17], Figure 17, shows a schematic view of a drive mechanism of a connecting device that can be implemented in an electrical and mechanical power plant;

[0115] [Fig. 18], FIG. 18, represents a schematic view of a so-called “category B” electrical and mechanical power plant and according to a sixth example of the invention;

[0116] [Fig. 19], FIG. 19, represents a cross-sectional view of a so-called “category B” electrical and mechanical power plant according to the sixth example of the invention; and

[0117] [Fig. 20], FIG. 20, represents a schematic view of a so-called “category C” electrical and mechanical power plant and according to a seventh example of the invention;

Unless otherwise indicated, the elements common or similar to several figures bear the same reference signs and have identical or similar characteristics, so that these common elements are generally not described again for the sake of simplicity. Description of embodiments

The drawings and the description below contain, for the most part, certain elements. They may not only serve to better understand this disclosure, but also contribute to its definition, if necessary.

[0120] Reference is now made to FIG. 3, which illustrates the principle of operation of an energy production device 1000 based on the divergent flow of a fluid between a first zone of this device, called the inlet, and a second zone, called the exhaust.

As shown, the device 1000 comprises a cylinder 100 of sections S1, S2a, S2b, S3a and S3b in which a fluid flows. Cylinder 100 includes a diverging cone 110 such that fluid flowing through device 1000 moves away from the axis of the cylinder as it flows along diverging cone 110, and toward the outer wall cylinder 100. Such fluid flow in cylinder 100 is divergent flow.

The cylinder 100 comprises a main axis XX which is preferably an axis of symmetry of the cylinder 100, an intake A and an exhaust E. The area of the section of the cylinder 100 where the liquid flows gradually decreases between the intake and exhaust so that the section of the device 1000 at the level of the exhaust chamber is reduced compared to the section of the device at the level of the intake zone and so that the following relationships are verified: 51 > S2a = S2b > S3a = S3b

This allows a gradual increase in the force exerted by the fluid on the divergent cone 110 during its flow from the intake to the exhaust. The fluxes or the forces exerted by the fluid at the level of the sections S1, S2a (S2b) and S3a (S3b) thus increase progressively with F3 > F2 > F1 where "F1", "F2" and "F3" are the corresponding values of the forces exerted.

[0124] Advantageously, the presence of a divergent cone 110 in the cylinder 100' makes it possible to increase the torque applied to the axis XX" of the cylinder 100' at its output, and more generally along an arm which would be arranged perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly along the axis XX or in a direction substantially parallel thereto in the cylinder 100'.

According to different embodiments, the divergent cone 110 can have different dimensions and different shapes, such as cylindrical, truncated shapes, etc.

[0126] Figure 4 illustrates a schematic representation of a corresponding hydraulic device 1000' comprising a cylinder 100'. The device 1000' is adapted to implement a divergent flow of a given fluid. The cylinder 100' is connected to a pump P configured to supply an intake zone 120 of the cylinder 100' with a fluid. This fluid exerts a pressure "P10" on the surface S10 of a piston 160 which comprises the cylinder 100'.

The fluid sent by the pump P exerts a corresponding force "F" on the surface S10, which in turn transmits it to the surface S20 in an exhaust zone 130 of the cylinder 100° on the fluid, which it pushes with the relation F = P10.510 = P20.S20, with "F" the force exerted, "P10" the pressure in zone 120 and "P20" the pressure in zone 130. It follows from this relation that P20 = P10.(S10/S20).

In the case of a liquid circuit in divergent flow where P is a high pressure hydraulic pump, the piston 160 is a divergent piston. Since the relation F = P10.510 = P20.S20 is verified, P20 = P10.(S10/S20) and a reduction in the section of the piston makes it possible to increase the pressure of the fluid at the outlet of the cylinder.

The pump P is for example a high pressure hydraulic pump, advantageously adapted to fluids such as water or an incompressible liquid.

The various elements that the cylinder 100' comprises thus make it possible to implement the operation of an element equivalent to the divergent cone 110.

If the fluid is an incompressible liquid in flow, the equation of continuity and conservation of mass applies so that S10.V10 = (S10-S20).V20 = Qv, with "S10" the area intake, V10 the intake flow velocity, "S20" the neutralized exhaust area, "V20" the exhaust flow velocity and "Qv" the volume flow, that is - i.e. the volume of liquid displaced per unit of time, expressed in cubic meters per second. It follows that in the same lapse of time, the same mass of flowing fluid crosses the section S10 at the speed V10 and the section (S10-S20) at the speed V2. The difference "S10-S20" is therefore the area of the exhaust and for cylindrical sections, S10 = TT D1?/4, S20 = TT D2?/4 and S10-S20 = m (D1?-D2?)/ 4 with TT the constant Pi equal to 3.141595 and D1 the diameter of the admission as well as the outside diameter of the exhaust. Since D2 is the inside diameter of the exhaust, it follows that V20 = V10.D1?/((D1+D2)(D1-D2)).

[0132] The following examples implement the principle of divergent flow described previously, at the basis of the operation of the devices, power plants and method for producing mechanical energy and/or electrical energy which are the subject of the invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates a device 2000 for producing electrical and mechanical energy based on the principle of divergent flow of a fluid. The device 2000 comprises a cylinder 200 provided with a divergence cone 210 and is arranged in open circuit.

The arrangement of the device 2000 is represented along three sections of the cylinder 200, in three locations: at the intake along a section SA of the intake zone of the cylinder 200 along the section plane XA, between the intake and the exhaust along a section SI along the section plane XI and the exhaust along a section SE of the exhaust zone of the cylinder 200 along the section plane XE. The fluxes and the forces exerted by the fluid at the level of these sections increase during the flow from the section SA towards the sections SI and SE.

The cylinder 200 is provided with a divergence cone 210 in which the fluid flows. As shown, fluid enters cylinder 200 through an inlet section including an inlet propeller 240 and exits cylinder 200 through an outlet section including an exhaust propeller 250 by rotating propellers 240 and/or 250 via the applied torque. The arrows VA and VE indicate, respectively, the inlet and outlet velocities of the fluid during its divergent flow in the cylinder 200 of the device 2000.

The sections SA, SI and SE show an implementation for connecting the divergence cone 210 to the cylinder 200. The sections SE and SI include a connecting element 270 of the divergence cone 210 to the cylinder 200. The section of exhaust SE is defined by means of an external radius RA corresponding to the radius of the intake section of the cylinder 200 and an internal radius RE corresponding to the radius of the cone of divergence at the exhaust.

The cylinder 200 also includes an arm or an axis of rotation 260 configured to rotate around the axis of symmetry XX' of the cylinder 200. A motor 220 is connected to the axis of rotation 260 and is mounted at the level of intake of cylinder 200, the intake comprising an intake propeller 240. A generator/alternator 230 is mounted at the exhaust of cylinder 200, the exhaust comprising an exhaust propeller 250. The divergent flow of the fluid in cylinder 200 thus applies torque to arm or rotation shaft 260, the rotation of which then rotates exhaust propeller 250 and generates power in combination with generator/alternator 230.

FIG. 6 illustrates a device 3000 for producing electrical and mechanical energy based on the principle of divergent flow of a fluid. The device 3000 comprises a closed casing 3100 and a cylinder 300 provided with a divergence cone 310 whose geometry is that of a truncated cone and located between the intake zone and the exhaust zone of the cylinder 300.

The device 3000 is therefore arranged in a closed circuit, and the fluid flows repeatedly from the inlet zone to the exhaust zone then from the exhaust zone to the inlet zone. The fluid present in the housing 3100 is injected into the cylinder 300 by an inlet section comprising an inlet propeller 340 and leaves it by an outlet section comprising an exhaust propeller 350. The flow of the fluid thus rotates the 340 and/or 350 propellers via the applied torque.

The cylinder 300 comprises a rotation arm 360 adapted to rotate around the axis of symmetry XX of the cylinder 300. To produce energy, a motor 320 is mounted at the intake of the cylinder 300 and is connected to the axis of rotation 360. In addition, the intake comprising an intake propeller 340 and a generator/alternator 330 is mounted at the level of the exhaust of the cylinder 300, the exhaust comprising an exhaust propeller 350.

According to one embodiment, it is possible to swap the location of the motor 320 and the alternator/generator 330, or even place them side by side on the intake side 340 or on the exhaust side. 350.

[0142] The divergent flow of the fluid in the cylinder 300 thus applies a torque to the axis of rotation 360, the rotation of which then rotates the exhaust propeller 350 and generates energy in combination with the generator/ 330 alternator.

This makes it possible to generate a torque whose value is equal to the product of the force applied by the flowing fluid and the distance from the point of support of this force to the axis of rotation of the cylinder 310. The corresponding force being equal to the product of the mass by the velocity of the fluid at a given point, it follows that the value of the torque at the exhaust is equal to the product of the mass of the fluid in flow, of its velocity at the exhaust, of the distance of the exhaust section at the axis 360 of the cylinder and the rate of efficiency of the transformation of the linear movement of the fluid into the circular movement of the exhaust propeller 350.

On the basis of the preceding definitions, the mass of the moving fluid is equal to the product r V10.510, which is equal to the product r. V20.(S10-S20), this product being equal to the mass of the volume flow "Qm", with "r" the density of the liquid in motion at the exhaust, which is greater than (R1+R2)/2 and less than R1, with R1 the radius of the intake and the outer radius of the exhaust and R2 the inner radius of the exhaust.

[0145] Defining "Rte" the theoretical distance to the axis 360 of the cylinder 300 at the exhaust, "Ca" the torque at the inlet, "Ce" the torque at the exhaust and "U" the efficiency rate of the transformation of the force of the liquid in linear motion into the lift force exerted on the blades of the exhaust propeller to make it rotate, the following relations result

[0146] R1+R2 HM. r.V10.510.V20.—— < This

[0147] Ce = u.r.V10.S10.V20.Rte

[0148] u.r.V10.S10.V20.Rte < ju.r. V10.5S10.V20.R1

The last relation can be expressed as a function of the escapement, that is to say as a function of the quantities V20, (S10 — S20) and Rte so that:

[0150] Ce = u.r.V20°.(S10 — S20). Rte + Ce = u.Qm.V20.Rte

It follows that the theoretical radius "Rte" of the escapement is such that the torque at the escapement is equal to Ce = urV2?.(S1-S2).Rte, and therefore that Rte = Ce/ ju.r.V20°.(S10-S20).

It also follows that the theoretical radius "Rta" on admission is such that the torque on admission is equal to Ca = u.r.V10?.S10.Rta, and therefore that Rta = Ca/u.r.V102.510

[0153] Consequently, the torque is proportional to the density of the liquid, to the exhaust surface area, to the theoretical radius of the exhaust, to the transfer rate "U" and is doubly proportional to the exhaust speed with This _ [urV20?.(S10 — S20). Road] Ca 7.102.510. Rta

We obtain that te _ (R1%/(R1% — R22). LE Ca Rta

In other words, this makes it possible to obtain an exhaust torque much greater than the intake torque when the theoretical radius "Rte" at the exhaust is much greater than the theoretical radius "Rta" at intake, and in the same report. It is thus possible to fix the value of the increase in the torque between the intake and the exhaust.

If the device 3000 comprises a cylinder 300 of dimensions such that R1 corresponds to the outer radius of the exhaust and R2 corresponds to the inner radius of the exhaust, the values of R1 and R2 being respectively 40 centimeters and 35 centimeters, the order of magnitude of the Ce/Ca ratio will be greater than 4.27. Values R1 = 40 cm and R2 = 38 cm make it possible to fix a Ce/Ca ratio whose order of magnitude is greater than 10.26. It should be noted that to determine the precise value of the Ce/Ca ratio, it is necessary to include in the preceding relations the section of the rotation arm 360 which also serves as a drive shaft.

The choice of an adequate Ce/Ca ratio as a function of values of R1 and R2 makes it possible to amplify as desired the speed of the fluid in divergent flow in the device 3000, which is also accentuated by the size of the theoretical radius exhaust. This therefore induces an amplification of the torque.

In addition, the amplification of both the speed of the flowing fluid and the torque makes it possible to amplify the power of the generator/alternator 330 which is driven by the axis of rotation 360 since the corresponding generated power, expressed in Watts, is equal to the product of the torque, expressed in Newton meters, and the speed of rotation of the axis of rotation 360, expressed in radians per second. The power generated is therefore proportional to the exhaust velocity V20 of the flowing fluid.

[0159] Variants are implemented so as to choose different types of admission, different types of circuits, different types of fluids used and/or different types of connections between the admission and the exhaust for the device for producing energy implemented.

[0160] Variants are implemented so as to optimize the efficiency of the device by choosing a predetermined value for an angle of orientation of at least one blade of the exhaust propeller and/or of the propeller. 'intake with respect to the axis of rotation XX' of the cylinder which the device comprises, by integrating the intake zone and/or the exhaust zone with the cone of divergence which the cylinder of the device comprises, by integrating a plurality of inlet zones and/or exhaust zones to the device or by making the rotating shaft, the cylinder, the inlet and exhaust of the device integral with each other.

[0161] Figure 7 illustrates two distinct embodiments of the device 3000 in which the device 3000, the cylinder 300 and the divergence cone 310 are represented in the section plane AA' shown in Figure 6.

In these two embodiments, the device 3000 is provided with heat dissipation means 380. For the embodiment illustrated in the upper part of Figure 7, the cylinder 300 comprises a casing 3100 provided with straight fins 390. For the embodiment illustrated in the lower part of Figure 7, the housing 3100 which includes the cylinder 300 has an outer surface which is itself provided with undulations 380.

According to different embodiments, a value of an angle of orientation of at least one blade of the exhaust propeller is predetermined with respect to the axis of rotation of the cylinder.

[0164] Figure 8 illustrates the effect of the orientation of a blade of an exhaust propeller of the device on the performance of this device when a fluid flows therein.

As shown, the fluid F flowing through the device impacts a blade Pa of an exhaust propeller that comprises the exhaust zone, the blade Pa preferably being planar.

When air blows on the blade Pa which is oriented with a given angle of incidence ANG with respect to axis XX', the air pushes Pa on the one hand with a drag force FT and on the other leaves, he lifts it with a lifting force FP.

The resultant of the drag forces and lift is denoted FR. Similar results would be obtained if the air were replaced by a flowing incompressible liquid.

If XX defines the direction of circulation of the flowing fluid, the drag force FT is oriented along XX and the lift force FP is oriented along the transverse direction YY' which here defines the median plane of the propeller. exhaust. While the drag force FT has no effect on the operation of the exhaust propeller which is attached to the rotating shaft, the lift force FP acts directly on the propeller in the direction of its rotation.

FR being the force resulting from the action of the flowing fluid on the blades of the propeller, it follows that FP = FR.cos(ANG). Therefore, the lift FP is all the greater as the angle ANG is small. A predetermination of the angle ANG therefore makes it possible to adjust the efficiency of the transformation of the linear flow of the liquid into the circular movement of the exhaust propeller, since this is inversely proportional to the angle of incidence ANG.

According to different embodiments, the value of the angle ANG is greater than 0° and less than 45°.

For an angle of 45°, 30°, 18° or 10°, the rate of return will be equal to 0.707, 0.866, 0.951 or 0.985 respectively, since they are equal to the cosines of these angles. Advantageously, different rates of efficiency of the device can be selected, and the value of the angle ANG can also be modified over time.

In a similar manner and not shown in the figures, the orientation of a blade of an inlet propeller of the device impacts the efficiency of the latter when a fluid F flows therein.

When a blade of the intake propeller (not shown) has an angle ANG' with respect to the axis XX, and unlike the exhaust propeller, the drag force FT' exerted has the effect of pushing the flowing fluid towards the exhaust zone and the lift force FP' makes it possible to rotate the intake propeller. In this case, the relations FT = FR.sin(ANG') and FP=FR.cos(ANG')

are checked with FR' the corresponding resultant force, and the drag force is proportional to the angle ANG' formed by the blade of the intake propeller with the axis XX while the lift force is inversely proportional to this angle.

[0173] Adapting the angle of a blade of the intake propeller makes it possible to increase the thrust exerted on the fluid while reducing the force which causes the intake propeller to rotate. This reduces the energy necessary for its rotation and the maintenance of this rotation over time.

Since passing through numerous intermediate states degrades the overall efficiency of the system, it is advantageous to reduce them to achieve optimum efficiency. To do this, it is necessary to bring the intake closer to the exhaust. The solution consists in fixing them on the cone which can be in a single part (intake and exhaust united) or in two parts (intake and independent exhaust). Doing so, the overall performance will be optimized.

[0175] Figure 9 illustrates a device 4000 comprising a cylinder 400 provided with a divergence cone 410 adapted to rotate around the axis XX, and arranged in open circuit.

According to one embodiment, the divergence cone 410 is provided with a disengageable connection 470 between the intake (or the intake propeller) 440 and the exhaust (or the exhaust propeller) 450 .

This makes it possible to optimize the overall efficiency of the device 4000. Indeed, the presence of several intermediate states between the intake and the exhaust degrades the overall efficiency of the system. Advantageously, reducing the number of intermediate states makes it possible to obtain a better yield.

[0178] One embodiment making it possible to obtain this result is to bring the intake closer to the exhaust by modifying the structure of the device and/or of the cylinder.

[0179] Another embodiment making it possible to obtain this result is to fix the intake and/or the exhaust to the divergent cone to form a single piece.

[0180] Yet another embodiment making it possible to obtain this result is to integrate the intake and the exhaust into the divergence cone in a modular manner thanks to the disengageable link 470.

According to different possible variants, the device incorporates a plurality of intake zones and/or exhaust zones.

The following seven examples relate to mechanical or electrical power generation plants for large-scale use and with high efficiency.

In particular, these seven examples relate to four categories of devices and power stations, called "category A", "category B", "category C" and "category D". These categories are presented in Table 1 below according to their characteristics. In table 1, the water is for example glycol water and the oil is for example mineral oil or synthetic oil.

[0184] [Table 1] PE ype of Type of Type Type of Figure Category Circuit luid admission link illustrative Admission and| Figures 11, Closed Oil or water| Artificial exhaust 12, 13, 14 interdependent Natural and Admission and, Figure 18 Open Air vas artificial exhaust Mr interdependent Admission and| Figure 20 . Natural or exhaust C Open Artificial air |with or without connection Natural or Intake and, Figure 10 Open Artificial water Exhaust without connection

A first example corresponding to a category D plant is shown in Figure 10.

A second, third, fourth and respectively fifth example corresponding to a category A plant is shown in Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13 and Figure 14 respectively.

A sixth example corresponding to a category B plant is shown in Figure 18.

A seventh example corresponding to a category C plant is shown in Figure 20.

[0189] Figure 10 illustrates the first example corresponding to a category D plant that includes a 5000 device.

[0190] The device 5000 comprises a cylinder 500 provided with a rotation shaft 560 and a divergence cone 510 adapted to rotate around the axis XX. The device 5000 is arranged in an open circuit so that the fluid flows from the inlet 540 to a plurality of exhausts 551, 552, 553, 554, 555 and 556, successively. The plurality of exhausts 551, 552, 553, 554, 555 and 556 can be represented as being an exhaust 550 separated into different parts along the cylinder 500.

This makes it possible to accentuate the amplification of the exhaust torque, since the plurality of exhausts 551, 552, 553, 554, 555 and 556 makes it possible to increase the overall torque at the output of the device.

In particular, a so-called "category D" energy production plant can be used advantageously in a ship or a hydroelectric dam.

[0193] If the inlet of a "category D" plant is natural, this inlet is supplied by a fresh water current, a fresh waterfall, a sea current, etc.

[0194] If the intake of a "category D" power plant is artificial, this intake is supplied by a moving vehicle, such as a ship.

[0195] In addition, a "category D" plant is preferably equipped with a water filtration and debris removal device, mounted in front of the intake to protect the plant from possible damage.

[0296] According to different embodiments, a ship is equipped with several power plants, including at least one “category D”.

[0197] In a particular embodiment, a ship can be equipped with at least one "category A" power plant in its holds, on its deck or immersed in the sea to resolve possible heating caused by a liquid in forced flow. .

[0198] In a particular embodiment, a ship can be equipped with at least one "category B" power plant on its sides housed in ducts to isolate the deck from the very high speed air inlets and outlets ship's thrusters.

[0199] In a particular embodiment, a ship can be equipped with at least one "category C" power plant on its deck.

[0200] In a particular embodiment, a ship can be equipped with at least one "category D" power plant immersed in the water on or in which the ship is moving, to exploit the resistance to water, similarly resistance to flowing air ahead and/or to the sides and/or to the rear of the vessel.

[0201] For this "category D" power plant, the source being natural or artificial, its flow velocity and especially that of the boat in motion which can be jointly considered as the initial source, greatly impact the overall efficiency of the power plant.

[0202] The first example thus provides a plant with speed amplification. This power plant has a single open circuit, a divergence cone allowing speed amplification and using fresh or salt water. It is estimated that it is possible to obtain an overall efficiency of up to about 900%.

[0203] Figure 11 illustrates the second example corresponding to a so-called “category A” energy production plant, which includes a 6000 device.

[0204] In the present, a "category A" plant is a plant whose device comprises a closed-type circuit, in which the fluid is oil (mineral, synthetic or vegetable) or glycol water. , in which the admission is artificial, and in which the admission and the exhaust are integral.

The device 6000 includes a divergence cone 610 acting as an amplification cone. The device 600 further comprises a rotation shaft 660 aligned along the axis of symmetry XX" around which the cylinder 600 rotates, an intake propeller 640 and a plurality of exhaust propellers 650, 651, 652.

The cylinder 600 is provided with a casing 601 with an opening adapted for filling the fluid intended to flow into the device and another opening for emptying the fluid out of the device 6000. A generator (or alternator) 655 is disposed around rotating shaft 660 to generate electrical power when shaft 660 is in relative rotational motion.

[0207] In addition, the control unit provided by the 6000 device is equipped with a single closed circuit and an amplification cone. A 675 expansion vessel is connected to the device

6000. The artificial intake is driven by an electric motor 645, preferably a synchronous electric motor with permanent magnets and variable speed. In addition, the connection of the intake and the exhaust is automatically managed by a device making it possible to make them independent or united at will.

[0208] In addition, the control unit provided by the device 6000 is provided with a starter 680 connected to a flywheel 690 which is itself connected to a magnetic brake 692, the starter 680 being electrically connected to a battery 685 suitable for feed it.

[0209] Optionally, to the casing 601 is connected a radiator 602 making it possible to modify the temperature inside the latter.

The battery 685, the flywheel 690, the electric generator 655 and the motor 645 are all electrically connected to a variable frequency drive 695. The variable frequency drive 695 is, equivalently, a variable speed drive and can be used to accommodate any electrical element of the device 6000. The frequency or speed variator 695 is itself connected to an electrical network R, which is a private or public electrical network configured to be powered by the energy produced totally or partially by the central .

[0211] The speed of rotation of the shaft 660 is adjustable by means of the variable speed drive 695 which acts on the motor 645. The gearbox 615 allows the exploitation of mechanical energy to operate a vehicle for example.

[0212] This makes it possible to provide a high-yield, so-called “A-category” power plant for the production of electrical or mechanical energy.

[0213] In particular, the second example provides a plant with speed amplification. This unit has a single closed circuit, a divergence cone allowing the amplification of the speed and using a liquid (mineral oil or glycol water). It is estimated that it is possible to obtain an overall efficiency of up to approximately 815%.

[0214] Indeed, it is estimated that the line of efficiencies is formed globally by the efficiencies of the engine (approximately 95%), of the intake propeller (approximately 95% since acting on a fluid already in motion), of the divergence cone (approximately 1000%), of the exhaust propeller (approximately 95% since acting on a liquid drawn in and pushed by the intake), and of the generator or alternator (approximately 95%), i.e. approximately an efficiency overall of 95%x95%x1,000%x95%x95%, so around 815%.

[0215] FIG. 12 illustrates the third example corresponding to a so-called “category A” energy production plant, and which comprises a device 7000 for preferred large-scale use.

[0216] In particular, FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment comprising a single closed-type circuit, in which the flowing fluid is mineral oil or glycol water, and the inlet is of the artificial type.

The device 7000 comprises a cylinder 700, an exhaust propeller 750 as well as a divergence cone 710 capable of rotating around the rotation shaft 760 of the cylinder 700, this rotation shaft being aligned in the direction of the axis of symmetry XX" of the device. The divergence cone 710 can be reduced in length until it is flat.

[0218] The rotation shaft 749, the divergence cone 710 and the exhaust propeller 750 are integral.

[0219] In addition, the device 7000 is provided with a high pressure and high flow rate hydraulic pump 702. This pump 702 is preferably driven by a synchronous motor with permanent magnets, preferably a motor pump, to circulate the fluid within of the device as indicated by the arrows in the figure. The pump 702 is connected, on the one hand, to an inlet of the cylinder 700 and, on the other hand, to a radiator 770 which is intended to cool the liquid used. Radiator 770 is connected to an outlet of cylinder 700 located behind exhaust propeller 750 in the direction of fluid flow.

[0220] Optionally, the radiator 770 is connected to an expansion vessel 775 making it possible to compensate for any modification in the volume of the fluid used, preferably linked to the thermal expansion of the fluid in the event of heating.

[0221] This makes it possible to provide another power plant for the production of electrical or mechanical energy with high efficiency, referred to as “category A”, but which is less bulky than previously.

[0222] In particular, the third example provides a plant with speed amplification. This unit is equipped with a single closed circuit, a divergence cone allowing the amplification of the speed, a hydraulic motor pump and using a liquid (mineral oil or glycol water). It is estimated that it is possible to obtain an overall efficiency of up to around 815%, even 851%.

FIG. 13 illustrates the fourth example corresponding to a so-called “category A” energy production plant, and which comprises a device 8000 also for large-scale use.

[0224] In particular, the fourth example is an embodiment adapted to operate with two closed circuits. Each circuit is a hydraulic circuit composed of two compartments communicating with each other, and each of these compartments acts, alternately, as transmitter and receiver. In particular, when the first compartment acts as issuer, the second compartment acts as receiver and vice versa. The separation of the compartments of the intake circuit is ensured by a wall integral with the cylinder.

In addition, the intake and exhaust of device 8000 in Figure 13 are equipped with propellers which use oil as fluid (mineral, synthetic or vegetable). This fluid is transferred alternately from one compartment to the other by a high-pressure, high-flow hydraulic pump 885. The high-pressure, high-flow hydraulic pump 885 is provided with a fluid circulation direction reverser in the device 8000, as described below.

[0226] Furthermore, the device 8000 comprises a piston end-of-travel detector which is configured to actuate the inverter or the distributor of the pump.

This makes it possible to alternately transfer the pressure in the compartments by two pistons, from the intake circuit to the exhaust circuit. The difference in surface of the piston in contact with the liquid on the intake side then makes it possible to amplify the pressure on the blades of the exhaust propeller on the basis of the relationship P1.51 = P2.52 where P1 and S1 are respectively the pressure and the area to which this pressure is applied in the intake compartments, S1 being equal to the area of the piston in contact with the fluid on the side of the intake circuit and where P2 and S2 are respectively the pressure and the area at which this pressure is applied in the exhaust compartments, S2 being equal to the surface of the piston in contact with the fluid on the side of the exhaust circuit.

The 8000 device is provided with an artificial inlet driven by the high-pressure hydraulic pump, the latter being preferably actuated by a synchronous electric motor with permanent magnets and variable speed.

[0229] Preferably, each compartment of the exhaust circuit has a propeller fixed to the central shaft and with inverted orientation of the respective blades of the propeller. This configuration makes it possible to alternately rotate the shaft in the same direction.

[0230] As illustrated, the device 8000 includes elements similar to the previous examples and intended to operate in a similar manner.

The casing 801 of the cylinder 800 is formed of two side faces in the middle of which a rotation shaft 860 is actuated. The cylinder 800 comprises two high pressure compartments 8100 and 8200 in which two pistons 8150 and 8250 can move, called the first and second piston, respectively.

The first piston 8150 and the second piston 8250 can be independent. According to a preferred variant, the second piston 8250 is integral with the first piston 8150, the two pistons sliding on the rotation shaft 860 in the same direction and with the same speed,

[0233] The high pressure compartments 8100 and 8200 are connected to the high pressure hydraulic pump 885 by two respective connections 8001 and 8002.

[0234] The device 8000 is also arranged so that the fluid can circulate through an expansion tank 875 connected to the housing 801 of the cylinder 800.

[0235] The hollow rotation shaft 860 ensures the connection between two holes 802 and 803. The hole 802 is a hole located on the left side of the shaft 860 and is linked to the hollow of the rotation shaft 860, which allows the entry and evacuation of air from the pocket formed by the first piston 8150 and the exhaust propeller located close to the latter. The hole 803 is a hole located on the right side and is linked to the hollow of the rotation shaft allowing the entry and evacuation of air from the pocket formed by the second piston 8250 and the exhaust propeller located at proximity to the latter.

[0236] The high pressure compartments 8100 and 8200 further each comprise an exhaust propeller, respectively 851 and 850, valves 8102 and 8104 to allow expansion of the fluid in the compartment 8100 and valves 8106 and 8108 to allow expansion. fluid in compartment 8200. Valves 8102, 8104, 8106 and 8108 are preferably valves.

In FIG. 13, the fluids flowing in the two circuits represented move at the same speed. This speed is also that of the lateral displacement of the two pistons 8150 and 8250. In addition, the renewal of air allowed by the holes 802 and 803 which are connected to the hollow shaft 860 allows the cooling of the unit from the inside while eliminating the compression of the air which may possibly impede the operation of the plant.

[0238] The 885 high-pressure hydraulic pump is fitted with an inverter suitable for inverting the direction of fluid circulation. The ability of the high-pressure hydraulic pump to reverse the direction of fluid flow allows the 8100 and 8200 compartments to serve as “receiver” and “donor” compartments, alternately and reciprocally. The distribution of fluid is then activated at the end of the stroke of each respective piston.

According to a first variant, the high pressure hydraulic pump inverter 885 is formed by two three-position valves, a first valve was located at the inlet and the second valve being located at the outlet. The two valves are activated simultaneously by an electromagnet at each end of travel of the corresponding piston, 8150 or 8250, to switch from a state where the fluid circulates from compartment 8100 to compartment 8200 to a state where the fluid circulates from compartment 8200 to compartment 8100.

According to a second variant, the high pressure hydraulic pump inverter 885 is formed by two pumps activated alternately at the end of the stroke of the pistons 8150 and 8250. A pump ensures the transfer of the fluid from the compartment 8100 to the compartment 8200. The other pump then takes over and ensures the reverse transfer of fluid from compartment 8200 to compartment 8100, and so on.

The device 8000 is further provided with a generator 870, preferably an alternator, the latter being dimensioned according to the needs, and which is configured to supply a motor actuating the high pressure hydraulic pump 885. This alternator is of preferably also suitable for powering one or more measuring instruments that the device 8000 comprises, in particular a pressure sensor, a speed sensor, a temperature sensor, a torque sensor, etc.

[0242] According to one embodiment, the device 8000 comprises a gearbox 815 configured to use the rotational speed of shaft 880 for moving a car, for example. Device 8000 further comprises a variable speed drive (not shown) which acts on the power supply to pump(s) 885 to vary their speed as required.

[0243] It can be determined that a pressure of approximately 100 bars applied to the blades of the exhaust propeller with a radius of approximately 0.50 meters is sufficient for the torque resulting from the rotation shaft to be exploited. as a mechanical movement or transformed partially or totally into electricity via an alternator.

[0244] This makes it possible to provide another high-efficiency electrical or mechanical power plant called "category A", and in which the amplification rate is greater than the previous examples, thus providing a preferred use in when high power is needed.

[0245] According to different variants not shown, all of the examples described herein always include at least one intake, also called the intake chamber, or even the intake circuit.

Preferably, said at least one inlet is connected to a hydraulic distributor with two inputs and two outputs, this hydraulic distributor possibly comprising an inverter. In the case of device 8000, a first inlet of the hydraulic distributor is connected to compartment 8100 and the second inlet of the hydraulic distributor is connected to compartment 8200.

[0247] Preferably, at least one inlet further comprises a flow controller connected to one of the outlets of the hydraulic distributor, a fluid filter connected to the flow controller, a pressure limiter connected to the filter and a high hydraulic pump pressure connected to the filter as well as to the pressure limiter. The flow controller, the fluid filter, the pressure relief valve and the high pressure hydraulic pump thus form a fluid inlet module in the 8100 compartment.

[0248] In addition, the other output of the hydraulic distributor is also connected to the filter and to the high pressure hydraulic pump in order to allow the circulation of the fluid between the compartments 8100 and 8200. Advantageously, an electric motor, preferably an electric motor synchronous motor with permanent magnets, is connected to the high pressure hydraulic pump, the electric motor being operated by the circulation of the fluid through the circuit formed by the hydraulic distributor and the elements connected to it.

The fourth example provides a plant with pressure amplification. This unit is equipped with two closed hydraulic circuits, two integral pistons (or not), a hydraulic pump and using oil, preferably hydraulic mineral oil. It is estimated that it is possible to achieve an overall efficiency of up to around 1218%.

FIG. 14 illustrates the fifth example corresponding to a so-called “category A” energy production plant, and which includes a device 9000 for another large-scale use.

The device 9000 is similar to the device 8000 except that it only comprises a single piston 9050 adapted to slide along the rotation shaft 960 of the cylinder 900 of the device 9000. In addition, instead of Instead of a second circuit in which the fluid would flow, a mechanical element, and more specifically, a toothed wheel 990 integral with the rotation shaft 960 allows the flow of the fluid by driving a disengageable gear not shown and located on the outer side of the 9050 piston.

[0252] As in the device 8000, the fluid can be transferred alternately from one compartment to another by a high pressure hydraulic pump 985.

The fifth example therefore provides a plant with pressure amplification. This unit is equipped with a single closed hydraulic circuit, at least one piston allowing the amplification of the pressure, a hydraulic pump, a mechanical mechanism for transmitting movement and using oil, preferably hydraulic mineral oil. As in the previous example, it is estimated that it is possible to obtain an overall efficiency of up to approximately 1218%.

[0254] Figure 15 shows the connection of the cylinder 900 with the piston 9050 which moves according to a linear movement only. The grooves are adapted to allow the assembly of the cylinder 900 and the piston 9050 so that the piston slides linearly without circular movement. The 9050 piston is optionally equipped with a gear wheel.

[0255] Figure 16 shows a disengageable connecting device 9070 adapted to implement the connection of the piston 9050 with the toothed wheel 9080, this toothed wheel 9080 being integral with the rotation shaft 960. In particular, the connecting device disengageable 9070 is suitable for integrally linking the piston 9050 and the toothed wheel 9080. A conical bearing 9090 is also provided which acts as a stop to keep the connecting device 9070 from the toothed wheel 9080 at a determined distance.

[0256] Figure 17 shows the connection of the toothed wheel 9080 with the release device 9070. Several teeth of the device 9070 arranged circularly and in sufficient number on its side opposite the toothed wheel 9080 come to fit into the notches provided for this purpose in the face of the cogwheel

9080. This connection makes the device 9070 and the toothed wheel 9080 integral as long as the piston 9050 advances in the direction of the toothed wheel 9080.

[0257] When the stroke of the piston 9050 is reversed, the direction of rotation of the device 9070 is reversed under the effect of the recoil of the piston 9050 causing the separation of the toothed wheel 9080 from the device 9070 that the stop / bearing conical 9090 keeping it close to the toothed wheel 9080 for a new connection at the start of the next cycle.

When the piston 9050 reverses the direction of its movement, its gear presses on the teeth of the drive mechanism of the disengageable link device 9070 and pushes it to fit into the toothed wheel 9080 to keep it moving. When the piston reaches the end of its travel, it reverses its movement and its gear presses on the teeth of the mechanism to move it away from the 9080 toothed wheel. Unlike the link mechanism, the wheel retains its speed which allows it to disengage of the binding mechanism. Once this separation has been carried out, it will begin to rotate in a vacuum against the tapered bearing 9090 while waiting for the next reversal of the direction of movement of the piston.

Figure 18 illustrates the sixth example corresponding to a so-called "category B" energy production plant, and which includes a device 10000. Figure 19 illustrates the device 10000 according to the section plane NN'.

[0260] In the present, a "category B" plant is a plant whose device comprises an open type circuit, in which the fluid is air, in which the inlet is artificial and natural, and in which the inlet and the exhaust are integral.

In particular, a so-called “category B” energy production plant is provided for use in an aircraft engine.

[0262] In this case, the device 10000 is an airplane engine comprising an outer cylinder 1100 and an inner cylinder 1200 arranged around a rotation shaft 1060, rotation shaft 1060 being preferably aligned along the axis main symmetry XX of the reactor.

When the reactor is started, an electric motor 1080, preferably a synchronous electric motor with permanent magnets and variable speed, gives the reactor an artificial intake by means of an intake propeller 1040.

The motor 1080 is arranged inside a first housing 1800 of the device 10000, this first housing acting as housing for the motor at the inlet.

[0265] In the inner cylinder 1200, a "honeycomb" device can be housed in the compartment 1300, this "honeycomb" device being adapted to be heated by induction.

[0266] The device 10000 further comprises a magnetic insulator 1010 to isolate the rotation shaft 1060 from the inner cylinder 1200 and/or from the outer cylinder

1100.

The electrical or mechanical energy produced by the device 10000 is then supplied thanks to the rotation of the outer and inner cylinders. A generator/alternator 1030 placed inside a second housing 1900 of the device 10000 generates this electrical energy as described in the previous examples, this second housing acting as the exhaust motor housing.

[0268] Preferably, the connection of the inlet and the exhaust of the device 10000 is automatically managed by a device (not shown) to make them independent or integral according to need.

[0269] In the device 10000, the air is pushed by an intake propeller 1060, in particular blowers, uses an induction furnace like those used by foundries.

[0270] Outside the compartment 1300, in the inner cylinder 1200, the device 10000 further comprises a furnace 1400 to heat the flowing fluid. Since the fluid used is air, it can be heated effectively as it flows through the 10000 device. The air can also be humidified if necessary.

As soon as a sufficient level of temperature in the reactor heating zone is reached, the electric motor 1080 switches to alternator and admission is then done by reaction.

[0272] According to one embodiment, the oven 1400 is an induction oven suitable for heating by induction an element 1450, the heating of which, in turn, makes it possible to heat the air flowing in the device 10000 with the effect of increasing its volume during its passage.

[0273] This advantageously provides a reactor which offers sufficient thrust to meet the take-off, in-flight and landing needs of an aircraft carrying a reactor corresponding to the 10000 device.

For a category B plant, a high overall efficiency can be obtained by increasing the ratio of reactor thrust to energy produced and consumed by the reactor. The external energy supplied to the reactor can be produced by several other category A power plants, in particular category A power plants housed in the hold of the aircraft and/or in its wings. The conversion rate of energy into thrust can be increased by multiplying the reactors and increasing their size.

[0275] The sixth example provides an electric jet engine with speed amplification. Like foundries, such an aircraft reactor is equipped with an induction furnace to sufficiently and indirectly heat the air used,

with the added bonus of electricity production. It is estimated that it is possible to obtain an overall efficiency of up to approximately 1222%.

FIG. 20 illustrates the seventh example corresponding to a so-called “category C” energy production plant, and which comprises a device 20000

[0277] In the present, a "category C" plant is a plant whose device comprises an open type circuit, in which the fluid is air, in which the inlet is artificial or natural, and in which the inlet and the exhaust are connected or unconnected.

[0278] In addition, a “category C” plant is equipped with several rows of exhausts, in particular a plurality of exhaust propellers.

This makes it possible to provide a set of control units arranged in a loop and such that the control units are arranged one after the other. The exhaust from each unit feeds the intake of the next.

According to different embodiments, several “category C” power stations whose elements are similar can be used in combination. These units are preferably arranged in series, one after the other, so that the exhaust from each unit feeds the intake of another unit.

[0281] Each of the power units of the device 20000 comprises at least one cylinder 200', said cylinder comprising at least one divergence cone 210', at least one motor 220', at least one generator 230', at least one intake propeller 240', at least one exhaust propeller 250', these elements being aligned along the axis XX.

According to different embodiments, a "category C" plant is formed of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25 or 50 "category C" plants. .

[0283] Advantageously, a “category C” plant makes it possible to increase the energy performance of the device with constant energy production. The device is also easy to assemble and disassemble, with reduced size and therefore bulk, regardless of external climatic phenomena.

Since the fluid is air and since air has a much lower density than that of water, the efficiency of the divergence cone is reduced. However, the combination of several rows of exhaust propellers significantly improves the overall efficiency of the assembly.

The seventh example provides a unit with a single open circuit, a divergence cone allowing the amplification of the speed and preferably using ambient air. It is estimated that it is possible to achieve an overall efficiency of up to around 326%.

For the implementation of each of the examples and power plant categories described, it is preferable to ensure that the corresponding Reynolds number is as small as possible, this making it possible to avoid the appearance of cavitation phenomena. and, in the long term, the risk of damage caused to the elements of the plant, in particular the intake and exhaust propellers that it comprises.

For the implementation of each of these examples, it is preferably ensured that the dimensions of the elements make it possible to increase the overall efficiency rate. It is important to limit the pressure drops of the fluid flowing within the device, which negatively affect this rate, for example due to friction or bends in the ducts inside the device, which must be avoided.

Claims (1)

Claims [Claim 1] Energy production device (1000; 1000'; 2000; 3000; 4000; 5000; 6000; 7000; 8000; 9000; 10000; 20000) comprising: - at least one cylinder (100; 100'; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900; 1100; 1200; 200'), said at least cylinder comprising a first fluid inlet section, called intake (A; 120; 240; 340 ; 440; 540; 640; 740; 940; 1040; 240), and a second outlet section of said fluid, called exhaust (E; 150; 250; 350; 450; 550; 650; 651; 652; 750; 850; 990; 1050; 250°); - a rotation shaft (XX; 260; 360; 460; 560; 660; 760; 860; 960; 1060; 2060) of a divergence cone (110; 210; 310; 410; 510; 610; 710; 1010 210), said rotation shaft being substantially parallel to an axis of symmetry of the at least one cylinder; and - said divergence cone, placed between the intake and the exhaust of the at least one cylinder, and in which a flow of the fluid between the intake and the exhaust applies a torque to the rotation shaft, said applied torque producing a rotational movement of the divergence cone around the rotating shaft. [Claim 2] Device according to claim 1, in which the inlet (A; 120; 240; 340; 440; 540; 640; 740; 940; 1040; 240') and the exhaust (E; 150; 250; 350 ; 450; 550; 650; 651; 652; 750; 850; 990; 1050; 250') are arranged so as to form a fluid flow circuit in the cylinder, said flow circuit being open or closed. [Claim 3] A device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fluid is selected from air, water, brine, water combined with antifreeze and oil. [Claim 4] A device according to [any preceding claim, wherein the inlet (A; 120; 240; 340; 440; 540; 640; 740; 940; 1040; 240') is a natural admission, an artificial admission or a mixed admission. [Claim 5] Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the inlet (A; 120; 240; 340; 440; 540; 640; 740; 940; 1040; 240') and the exhaust (E; 150; 250; 350; 450; 550; 650; 651; 652; 750; 850; 990; 1050; 250) are interconnected by a link, said link being chosen from an independent link and an integrated link. [Claim 6] Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the inlet (240; 340; 440; 540; 640; 740; 940; 1040; 240') and/or the exhaust (150; 250; 350; 450; 550; 650; 651; 652; 750; 850; 990; 1050; 250') comprises at least one propeller, said at least one propeller comprising a flat blade or a row of flat blades forming an angle (ANG; ANG' ) with the rotation shaft (XX; 260; 360; 460; 560; 660; 760; 860; 960; 1060; 2060) of the divergence cone (110; 210; 310; 410; 510; 610; 710; 1010 210), said angle having a value greater than 0° and less than 45°, the value of the angle being for example equal to 45°, 30°, 18°, 10°, 5° or 2°. [Claim 7] Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the rotating shaft, the cylinder, the inlet and the outlet of the device are integral with each other. [Claim 8] Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the at least one cylinder (300) is included in a casing (3100) of the device, said casing being provided with fins (390) and/or said housing having an outer surface which is formed of corrugations (380). [Claim 9] Apparatus according to [any preceding claim, further comprising at least one generator/alternator (230; 330; 665; 1080; 1030) mounted at the intake level (A; 120; 240; 340; 440; 540; 640; 740; 940; 1040; 240') and/or at the exhaust level (E; 150; 250; 350; 450 ; 550; 650; 651; 652; 750; 850; 990; 1050; 250'), the energy of the rotational movement of the divergence cone around the rotation shaft being converted by said generator/alternator (230; 330; 1080 ; 1030) into electrical energy. [Claim 10] A device according to any preceding claim, said device further comprising a high pressure hydraulic pump (P; 702; 885; 985) configured to supply the inlet (A; 120; 240; 340; 440; 540; 740; 940; 1040; 240') with the fluid flowing. [Claim 11] Device according to the preceding claim, in which the inlet and outlet are separated by a wall integral with the cylinder, the high-pressure hydraulic pump (885; 985) comprising an inverter configured to invert the direction of flow of the exhaust to intake. [Claim 12] Power generation plant, referred to as a category A1 plant, comprising a device (6000) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the intake (640) and the exhaust (650) are arranged in so as to form a closed flow circuit, the fluid being oil or glycol water, the inlet (640) being artificial and driven by an electric motor (645), the inlet (640) and exhaust (650) being integral, the at least one cylinder (600) being provided with a casing (601), one opening of which is adapted to fill the device (6000) with the fluid intended to flow in the device and one of which another opening is adapted to evacuate fluid from the device, the device (6000) further comprising at least one generator/alternator (665) mounted at the exhaust (650; 651; 652), the energy of the movement of rotation of the divergence cone (610) around the rotation shaft (660) being converted by said gene generator/alternator (665) into electrical energy. [Claim 13] A power plant, referred to as a category A2 plant, comprising a device (7000) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, in which the intake and the exhaust (750) are arranged so to form a closed flow circuit, the fluid being mineral oil or glycol water, the inlet being artificial, the rotation shaft (749), the divergence cone (710) and a propeller of the exhaust (750) being integral, the device (7000) further comprising a high pressure hydraulic pump (702) driven by an electric motor and connected, on the one hand, to an inlet of the cylinder (700) and, on the other hand to a radiator (770) of the device (7000) suitable for cooling the fluid, said radiator (770) being connected to an outlet of the cylinder (700) at the level of the exhaust (750). [Claim 14] A power plant, referred to as a category A3 plant, comprising a device (8000) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, in which the intake and the exhaust (850) are arranged so forming two closed flow circuits, the fluid being oil or glycol water, the device (8000) further comprising a high pressure hydraulic pump (885), the intake being artificial and driven by a motor (870) of said high pressure hydraulic pump (885), said two closed flow circuits each comprising two compartments (8100, 8200) communicating with each other, connected to the exhaust (850) and acting alternately as emitter and of receiver, said high-pressure hydraulic pump (885) being provided with a fluid circulation direction inverter in the compartments of each circuit of the device (8000), each compartment (8100, 8200) comprising at least one piston (8150, 8250) movable by the flow of the fluid and adapted to slide on the rotating shaft (860), the movement of said at least one piston producing mechanical energy. [Claim 15] A power plant, referred to as a category A4 plant, comprising a device (9000) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, in which the intake (940) and the exhaust (990) are arranged so as to form a single closed circuit, the inlet being artificial, the fluid being oil or glycol water, the device (9000) further comprising a high pressure hydraulic pump (985) configured to transfer the fluid from said inlet (940) to said exhaust (990) and vice versa, the device (9000) further comprising a piston (9050) adapted to slide along the rotating shaft (960) of the cylinder (900), the device (9000) further comprising a toothed wheel (990) secured to the rotation shaft (960) adapted to allow the flow of fluid by driving a disengageable gear located on one side of the piston (9050). [Claim 16] Energy production plant, called a category B plant, comprising a device (10000) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, in which the intake (1060) and the exhaust are integral and arranged so as to form an open circuit, admission being natural and artificial, in which the fluid is air, the cylinder of the device (10000) further comprising an outer cylinder (1100) and an inner cylinder (1200) disposed around the rotating shaft (1060), the inner cylinder (1200) comprising a furnace (1400), for example a "honeycomb" furnace, said furnace (1400) being configured to inductively heat the flowing fluid, the inner cylinder (1200) further comprising a magnetic insulator (1010) such that the rotation shaft (1060) is insulated from the inner cylinder (1200) and/or the outer cylinder (1100), the device (10000) comprising further a generator/alternator (1030) configured to generate e electrical energy from the relative rotation of the outer (1100) and inner (1200) cylinders. [Claim 17] A power generation plant, referred to as a class C plant, comprising at least one class A1 plant according to claim 12, a class A2 plant according to claim 13, a class A3 plant according to claim 14 or a category AA unit according to claim 15, so as to form a device (20000), the inlet (240) being artificial or natural, the inlet (240') and the exhaust (250°) being integral or unrelated, the exhaust (250°) comprising a plurality of exhaust propellers. [Claim 18] A power plant, referred to as a class D plant, comprising a device (5000) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, in which the fluid is water, the inlet (540) being natural or artificial, the intake (540) and the exhaust (550) being unconnected and arranged in an open circuit, the exhaust (550) comprising a plurality of exhaust propellers (551, 552, 553, 554, 555 , 556) distributed along the cylinder (500). [Claim 19] Method for producing electrical or mechanical energy, said method comprising: - injecting a fluid into at least one cylinder (100; 100'; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900; 1100 ; 1200; 200') of a device (1000; 1000'; 2000; 3000; 4000; 5000; 6000; 7000; 8000; 9000; 10000; 20000) according to any one of the preceding claims, and - converting into energy mechanical or electrical energy the energy resulting from the rotational movement of the divergence cone (110; 210; 310; 410; 510; 610; 710; 1010; 210') around the rotation shaft (XX; 260; 360 460; 560; 660; 760; 860; 960; 1060; 2060).