LU102341B1 - Use of semi-finished products from sewage sludge from municipal sewage treatment plants, river sediments and recycled plastic waste for use in the construction industry as (landfill) cover material, for reinforced slopes and dams - Google Patents

Abstract

The use of semi-finished construction products from municipal sludge from river sediments and recycled plastic waste for use as (landfill) covering material and for the construction of reinforced banks and dams, which addresses the problem of pollution and the use of semi-finished construction products from construction sludge (KP), sediments (S) and building blocks (GP) proposes. The present invention proposes the use of construction sludge (KP) spread on foundations, the use of building blocks (GP) for masonry and adhesive mortar (BS) obtained from sediment (S) mixed with construction sludge (KP). and diluted with water up to 20%. Due to the elasticity and water permeability of the sediment (S), the invention enables durable solutions for the construction of embankments and dams where water permeability of the wall is required. At the same time, the proposed invention ensures when using the construction sludge (KP) as a (ladfill) covering material or when applying to foundations, the watertightness of these structures due to the watertight properties of the construction sludge (KP).

Description

Use of semi-finished products from sewage sludge from municipal sewage treatment plants, river sediments and recycled plastic waste for use in the construction industry as (landfill) cover material, for reinforced slopes and dams.

The essence of the proposed invention is the invention of the technology that allows the use of semi-finished products from municipal sewage treatment plants, river sediments and recycled plastic waste for use as (landfill) covering material, for reinforced slopes and dams.

The present technical invention enables semi-finished building products made from municipal mud, river, lake and other sediments and recycled plastic waste to be used for building purposes.

The proposed invention relates to the use of semi-finished products made from recycled municipal sludge, sediments from rivers and other water bodies and plastic waste.

In fact, more and more waste is being generated by humanity, most of which is already being recycled.

The economic viability of waste recycling is that the cost of processing the waste is less than the value of the waste.

Added to this are the environmental aspects, which drastically shift the balance of decisions to process a particular waste in favor of recycling the waste.

The fact is that waste is becoming a raw material in many industries.

At the same time, protecting the living environment and natural resources is an unavoidable obligation of human society, which alone is responsible for unacceptable environmental pollution and resource depletion.

Emissions of solids (waste, sewage, silt, etc.) cause permanent damage to all components of the environment, thereby undermining their quality for humans and all living things.

However, plastic waste in all its forms is the litter that is becoming a growing environmental concern.

On the other hand, they represent unnecessary material and energy losses for the manufacturing industry, which is faced with an increasing shortage of raw materials.

> LU102341 Sustainable use in both the production and user segments is necessary and currently has no alternative.

In order to achieve the demanding environmental goals of a recycling society through a comprehensive approach to waste management, we need to be able to organize the efficient use of these resources, which should result in greater value through the use of fewer natural materials and more efficient use of products.

Ensuring the supply of sustainable raw materials, especially critical raw materials, is therefore one of the prerequisites for this transition.

Urban wastewater treatment generates a large amount of sludge worldwide, and in the accumulation of water bodies, especially in river beds and basins, there are several million m° of alluvial deposits or sediments from water bodies, which reduce the energy potential of the water for electricity generation, the risk of flooding downstream and represent in several ways the ecological pressure on the environment (accumulation of pollutants, overgrowth of plants in aquatic ecosystems, etc.). Due to the strategic importance of the urgent need to deal with the management of three types of waste, for which the proposed patent offers a comprehensive solution through a specific processing (both in terms of the large quantities of waste generated and the high cost of their treatment), viz By using the products of processing these wastes to build new flood dams and the necessary infrastructure, we believe that the activities presented in this document provide an opportunity for both companies and countries to address these issues in an environmentally acceptable and economically viable manner to settle.

The proposed invention demonstrates a technological process for using semi-finished building products from recovered municipal sludge, recycled water sediment and recycled plastic in a new environmentally friendly building product for the construction of reinforced embankments and dams, (landfill) cover material, flood dams, etc.

When examining patent databases and other literature, no identical or similar technical invention that would describe the present invention could be found. The present invention is first described below using the following figure:

1. Figure 1 shows the technology for constructing a reinforced embankment using semi-finished construction products made from recycled municipal sludge, water sediment and plastic waste.

2. Fig. 2 shows the organizational chart of the technology for the production of construction sludge KP, the first semi-finished construction product.

3. Figure 3 shows the organizational chart of the technology for the production of the second semi-finished construction product, i.e. the recycled sediment S.

4. Fig. 4 shows the organizational chart of the technology for the production of the third building semi-finished product, the building block GP.

The main technical features of the present invention are described below. We only use 100% recycled waste as building material, which means we are reducing our impact on the environment while reducing the consumption of basic raw materials for the manufacture of semi-finished building products. As a result, the CO2 footprint is also significantly lower. The most important feature of the proposed invention is that we obtain building products used as (landfill) cover materials, for the manufacture of reinforced dams and similar structures from 100% recycled waste transformed into semi-finished building products. Semi-finished building products according to the proposed invention: a. Recycled Municipal Sludge (hereinafter Construction Sludge KP) b. Recycled Water Sediment (hereinafter Sediment S) c. Recycled thermoplastics (hereinafter component GP)

The process of producing individual semi-finished building products (construction sludge KP, sediment S and building blocks GP) from waste is briefly and concisely described. a) Construction sludge KP: The construction sludge KP is obtained by recycling municipal sludge B and ash P into a new semi-finished product as follows: Municipal sludge B from the silo SB, which is pushed towards PB and moved on the conveyor belt 6, falls towards SBS into the sealing chamber 7. Ash P from the silo SP falls into the screw conveyor 2 in the direction of PP, and then into the sealing chamber 7 in the direction of SPS. Municipal sludge B and ash P are continuously mixed in the sealing chamber 7, in which a twin screw conveyor system is installed, during hydration and therefore an exothermic reaction takes place and the temperature kills the bacteria.

This results in a semi-finished product PKP, which through the screw conveyor 9 in | Is transported towards SIS in the trough 10.

By further mixing, the semi-finished product PKP is further homogenized in the screw conveyor 9 and converted into the end product — building sludge KP. b) Sediment S: Sediment S is obtained by the technological process of recycling river sediments by introducing a microbial additive into the process by first removing the water sediments from water basins, riverbeds, etc. by known technical means, and then on the sieve SO drained and passed through the sieve SI.

Later, the sediments are dehydrated to a dry matter content of 25%, and the water resulting from the drainage and dehydration is returned to the river bed, lakes and ponds.

The dewatered sediments are then crushed in the mill MS to a grain size of less than or equal to 50 mm and sieved on the screen SD to a sediment grain size of less than 50 mm.

Unground sediment fractions remaining on the SD sieve are crushed again using the same process until they pass the SD sieve with a maximum opening size of 50 mm.

In the mixing phase, the screened and dewatered sediment S is thoroughly mixed in the mixer ME. The microbial additive M, previously diluted in water, is introduced continuously into the mixer ME by spraying it through the nozzles at a rate of 0.2-0.3 kg of dry microbial additive M per 1 m3 of sediment S. During mixing in the mixer ME, the sediment S is primarily oxidized with oxygen from the ambient air and, secondarily, there is further oxidation of the sediment S with the microbial additive M, which accelerates the oxidation process, while heavy metals, nitrates, nitrites and other pollutants are removed by ion exchange in non-leachable forms are converted; The sediment S is then aged for 7 days under normal atmospheric conditions and at temperatures of +5 to +30 degrees Celsius, so that the recycled sediment S is converted into a semi-finished building product. c) Building block GP: The technology for recycling thermoplastic waste solves the problem of recycling thermoplastic waste in a way that allows the simultaneous use of thermoplastics PT with different melting points in the same process. The thermoplastics PT, which do not melt easily, can serve as structural reinforcements. The thermoplastics PT are washed in drums BO with process water TV and cleaning agent C and then discharged onto a vibrating screen VS. The thermoplastics PT are further ground in the mill ML1 to a particle size of less than 30 mm and transported to the agglomerator AG, where they are converted into an agglomerate APT. The agglomerate APT is then ground in the mill ML2 to a particle size between 5 mm and 10 mm to obtain the ground agglomerate ZAPT.

The ground agglomerate ZAPT is then extruded in extruder E and poured into molds K. Building blocks GP are obtained after cooling and aging for 5 to 24 hours. Cooled building bricks are knocked out of the K molds and can be used as building blocks to build dams, slopes, etc. The construction of a dam is described in detail here as it involves the use of all semi-finished construction products (a, b and c) covered by the present invention, while the use of only one semi-finished construction product covered by the proposed invention for application as (landfill) Covering material and for the construction of a reinforced dam is necessary and is therefore not explicitly described. The dam is built in the following order:

1. Foundation excavation

2. spread of construction sludge KP on the base of the foundation,

3. Masonry and Bonding

4. Side and top layer of adhesive mortar.

1. The method of excavating the foundation is known prior art and is not described in this proposal for the invention, since it is carried out in a similar way to all buildings with all soil loading calculations, etc.

2. Construction sludge KP, which is recycled from municipal sludge B, is spread similarly to the concrete layer on the foundation base. The load-bearing capacity of the spreading layer is three times lower than that of classic concrete, but it has the important property of being waterproof and | is at least ten times more elastic than classic concrete foundations.

3. The construction is carried out with building blocks GP made of recycled thermoplastics PT, similar to masonry, which represents the known state of the art, using not cement products as adhesive mortar, but recycled sediment S, which has excellent adhesive properties on semi-finished products made of recycled thermoplastics PT - building blocks GP. The building blocks GP are laid in the usual binding patterns.

The building blocks GP can be laid in various binding patterns such as dovetail joints, finger joints in all geometric shapes and similar patterns using all known technical means, so we will not describe them in detail because they are not the subject of the present invention proposal. A mixture of sediment S and construction sludge KP in a ratio of 1:5 to 5:1 is used to achieve greater adhesion. The ratio determines the degree of elasticity and adhesive strength and at the same time the degree of water permeability of this adhesive mortar. The meaning of the ratio is described in point 4 below.

4. Application of a mixed layer of construction sludge KP and sediment S, which was produced in different mixing ratios from 1:5 to 5.1, on the lateral and upper adhesive surfaces.

Both semi-finished building products are mixed in a concrete mixer or by any known technical means, adding up to 20% of water if necessary to obtain a viscous material called Adhesive Mortar BS.

The adhesive mortar BS obtained in this way is applied to the sides and to the upper side of building blocks GP using any known technical method, similar to concrete mixtures or mortar.

The BS adhesive mortar is normally applied in a layer thickness of 5 to 20 mm, depending on the intended use of the end product (dam, embankment, etc.). The BS adhesive mortar can be smoothed or shaped similar to mortar plasters with the addition of lime.

The mixing ratio is important because of the purpose and function of the BS adhesive mortar: the higher the proportion of construction sludge KP, the stronger and more waterproof, but also more brittle the BS adhesive mortar, and vice versa, the higher the sediment content S, the more elastic and lower the adhesive force of the mortar and the higher the water permeability of the composite.

When building concrete retaining walls, it is imperative to install waterproofing and drainage systems.

Drainage can take place directly through the body of the wall, with a higher sediment content S being desirable, provided that the static calculation allows for its use to a large extent.

Claims (9)

patent claims 1. Use of semi-finished building products from sewage sludge from municipal sewage treatment plants, river sediments and recycled plastic waste for use as (landfill) covering material, reinforced slopes and dams, characterized in that the following recycling waste is used: a) Municipal sludge (B) which becomes construction sludge ( KP) is recycled, b) water sediment recycled into sediment (S), c) waste thermoplastics (PT) recycled into building blocks (GP), the construction of a dam occurs in the following phases: - excavation of the foundation - spreading of construction mud (KP) on the foundation base, - construction and bonding with building blocks (GP) made of recycled thermoplastics (PT) and bonded with sediment (S) or, in case of specific requirements, with bonding material (BS), - application of a Mixed layer of construction sludge (KP) and sediment (S), prepared in various mixing ratios from 1:5 to 5.1, on the side and top adhesive surfaces; both semi-finished building products are mixed in a concrete mixer or by any known technical means, adding up to 20% water as required, to obtain a viscous liquid, the so-called adhesive mortar (BS), to be applied to the sides and top of building blocks (GP ) is applied with all known technical means in a layer thickness of 5 to 20 mm, whereby the material can also be smoothed or shaped like mortar coatings with the addition of lime; The mixing ratio means that the higher the proportion of construction sludge (KP), the stronger and more waterproof, but also more brittle is the adhesive mortar (BS) and vice versa, and the adhesive mortar (BS) can also be used to bond building blocks (GP). 2. Use of semi-finished products from sludge from municipal sewage treatment plants, river sediments and recycled plastic waste for use as (landfill) covering material and for the construction of reinforced banks and dams, characterized in that the construction with building blocks (GP) made of recycled thermoplastics (PT) is carried out, similar to the masonry which is the known art, but with recycled sediment (S) as adhesive mortar, which has excellent adhesion properties when applied to building blocks (GP) laid in different weave patterns, such as | e.g. dovetail joints, wedge joint patterns in all geometric shapes and similar patterns with all known technical means. 3. Use of semi-finished construction products from sludges from municipal sewage treatment plants, river sediments and recycled plastic waste for use as (landfill) covering material and for the construction of reinforced embankments and dams, characterized in that the higher the sediment content (S), the more elastic and lower the adhesive strength of the mortar and the higher the water permeability of the connection. 4. Use of semi-finished construction products from sludge from municipal sewage treatment plants, river sediments and recycled plastic waste for use as (landfill) covering material and for the construction of reinforced embankments and dams, characterized in that the load-bearing capacity of the construction sludge (KP) spread on the floor is 3- times lower than traditional concrete, but has one important property: waterproofness and elasticity at least 10 times higher than traditional concrete foundations. 5. Use of semi-finished construction products from sludges from municipal sewage treatment plants, river sediments and recycled plastic waste for use as (landfill) covering material and for the construction of reinforced embankments and dams, characterized in that a mixture of sediment (S) and construction sludge (KP) is used as adhesive mortar can be used in a ratio of 1:5 to 5:1, this ratio determining the degree of elasticity and adhesive strength and at the same time the degree of water permeability of the adhesive mortar. 6. Method of using semi-finished products from sewage sludge from municipal sewage treatment plants, river sediments and recycled plastic waste for use as (landfill) covering material and for the construction of reinforced embankments and dams, characterized in that both semi-finished products sediment (S) and construction sludge (KP) in a concrete mixer or with any known technical means, adding up to 20% of water according to need, to obtain a viscous liquid called adhesive mortar (BS), which can be mixed with any known technical means laterally and on building blocks (GP) in a layer thickness of 5 to 20 mm is applied; the material can also be smoothed or shaped similar to mortar coatings by adding lime; the mixing ratio is important due to the purpose and function of the adhesive mortar (BS): the higher the proportion of construction sludge (KP), the stronger and more waterproof but also more brittle the adhesive mortar (BS) and vice versa, the higher the sediment content (S), the more elastic and lower the adhesive strength of the mortar and the higher the water permeability of the composite. 7. Use of semi-finished building products from sewage sludge from municipal Wastewater treatment plants, river sediments and recycled plastic waste for use as (landfill) cover material and for the construction of reinforced embankments and Dams according to claim 1, characterized in that the Municipal sludge (B) according to the following technological process construction sludge (KP) is recycled: The municipal sludge (B) from the silo (SB) is pushed towards (PB), on the conveyor belt (6) in direction (STB) until it enters the sealing chamber (7) falls; Ash (P) from the silo (SP) falls in direction (PP) into the screw conveyor (2) and then in direction (SPP) into the sealing chamber (7); Municipal Sludge (B) | and ash (P) are in the sealing chamber (7), in which a Twin screw conveyor system is installed, continuously with a Mixing mass ratio mixed during hydration and hence an exotherm reaction take place and the temperature kills the bacteria and the result is a semi-finished product (PKP) that is fed through the screw conveyor (9) into the trough (10) is transported by further mixing the semi-finished product (PKP) in the Screw conveyor (9) further homogenized and in the end product (KP) is converted. 8. Method of using semi-finished building products from sludges from municipal sewage treatment plants, river sediments and recycled plastic waste for use as (landfill) covering material and for the construction of reinforced embankments and dams, characterized in that the sediment (S) from water basins, river beds, etc. removed by known technical means, then discharged onto the screen (SO) and passed through the screen (SI) and finally dewatered to a dry matter content of 25%, leaving behind the process water (TV) remaining after dewatering and dehydration is discharged into the river bed, lakes or water basins, then the dehydrated sediment (S) is ground in the mill (MS) to a fraction smaller than or equal to the particle size D50 and passed through the sieve (SD) to the sediment (S)- | grain size smaller than D50 and the uncrushed residue remaining on the sieve (SD) is ground again according to the same process until it passes through the sieve (SD) in order to obtain the maximum grain size D50; in the mixing phase, the sieved and dewatered sediment (S) is mixed with microbial additive (M), previously diluted in water in a mass ratio of 1:200, spraying it by continuous spraying in a ratio of 0.2 to 0.3 kg of dry matter per 1 m3 of sediment ( S) is introduced gradually into the mixer (ME) through the nozzles and during the mixing process in the mixer (ME) in the primary phase there is oxidation of the sediment (S) with oxygen from the ambient air and secondarily further oxidation of sediment (S) with the microbial additive (M), which accelerates the oxidation process, while heavy metals, nitrates, nitrites and other harmful substances are converted into non-leachable forms by phone exchange; the sediment (S) is then aged under normal atmospheric conditions and at temperatures from +5 to +30 degrees Celsius for 7 days, so that the recycled sediment (S) is obtained into a semi-finished building product. 9. A method for using semi-finished building products from sludges from municipal sewage treatment plants, river sediments and recycled plastic waste for use as (landfill) covering material and for the construction of reinforced embankments and dams, characterized in that the thermoplastics (PT) in drums (BO) washed with process water (TV) and detergent (C) and then dewatered in a vibration screening machine (VS), the thermoplastics (PT) are further comminuted in the mill (ML1) to a particle size of less than 30 mm and sent to the agglomerator (AG) transported where they are converted into an agglomerate (APT), then ground in the mill (ML2) to a particle size between 5 mm and 10 mm to obtain the ground agglomerate (ZAPT) and this ground agglomerate (ZAPT) is then im extruder (E) and after extrusion cast into shapes (K) to obtain building blocks (GP) which are then cooled and aged from 5 to 24 hours; cooled building blocks (GP) are knocked out of the molds (K) and can be used as semi-finished building products.