LT7173B - THERMAL - ELECTRIC SOLAR COLLECTOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The thermal-electric solar collector operates in an autonomous mode, using only the energy absorbed from the environment: thanks to the reflecting parabola, it concentrates the heat in the focus of the parabola, where the module that accumulates and transfers heat is placed; and the upper part of the device, hermetically covered with a double-glazed window; the lower part has an active, upper solar panel that generates and transfers energy in the form of electricity.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

An invention from the field of energy.

The proposed thermal collector system utilizes various heat sources in the environment, simultaneously storing and transferring energy in the form of heat and electricity.

STATE OF THE ART

Patent LT 5835 Spiral collector was chosen as an analogue of the invention.

Spiral collector, consisting of several functionally different thermal modules: a spiral module with thermal tanks with spiral tubes on the outside, a heat flow distribution module, a modular heat accumulator, and all modules are interconnected by heat pipes into a single system that consistently transfers heat from the environment to the tanks of the structure. The main disadvantage of this device is that additional technical systems, pumps and electricity are required to transfer the accumulated heat outside the collector. The spiral collector cannot transfer heat from the system on its own, since it is limited only to heat collection functions. The newly proposed thermal - electric solar collector differs in that it can operate independently in various natural conditions, autonomously collecting heat from the environment and using the energy generated from solar panels to transfer the accumulated heat and electricity outside the collector. This significantly expands the application of the new collector in various climate zones, even where there are no technical possibilities for generating electricity. The efficiency of the thermal-electric collector is significantly higher. The new collector operates faster and can accumulate heat at a higher temperature, because the structure contains parabolic mirrors that concentrate sunlight. When assembling sets of several modules, both identical and different, i.e. asymmetric, where the generated electricity or accumulated heat parts dominate more.

ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION

Solar energy in the form of heat and rays is abundant in all climate zones on Earth.

There are a number of technical systems that separately utilize this energy in the form of accumulated heat or electricity. A new thermal - electric solar collector is proposed, which can simultaneously accumulate and transfer energy in the form of both collected heat and electricity. By additionally using a heat engine, it is possible to collect and transfer flows of much higher temperature. The device can be fully and quickly assembled. from. standard, readily available parts, assemblies and modules. It can operate independently in autonomous mode without additional external power supply. Various possibilities for operating independently in autonomous mode: in mountains, glaciers, on water, deserts, sandbars, on roofs and walls of buildings, on various stationary and moving vehicles, in forests, meadows, etc., can serve as an energy source for operating various technical instruments, performing different tasks, as a local energy system. When using this device to store large amounts of heat and electricity, in this case, additional large cold, warm and hot water storage tanks and large-capacity electric storage devices, batteries and/or capacitors are required. It is not practical to store a large amount of various energy in one place, it is more efficient to produce it locally in the amount needed and use it in a timely manner. In order to have larger energy resources to meet needs: bi- and poly systems can be created to perform the appropriate work.

The system consists of two different energy storage and transmission modules:

First: the energy reflected and concentrated from the parabolic mirror is transferred to the lower part of the thermal accumulators that accumulates heat and transfers it further, the latter being insulated from the environment by double-glazed windows;

Second: a standard, commercially available, solar power plant with panels and the necessary equipment (batteries; controllers; inverters, etc.) of modules of various capacities is used.

Can be used as a floating energy system on a raft.

Thermal machines are additionally used to store energy; cold, warm and hot water storage tanks.

It is possible and appropriate to use mano, bi and poly systems in various combinations and combinations:

Various sizes, power and numbers, individually adapted to environmental conditions, capable of operating in extreme cold, extreme heat, drought, changing environments, and complex climates.

The modular principle makes it possible to assemble combinations of any size, power, purpose, and various combinations from several identical or different modules capable of generating more electricity and/or heat.

Depending on the environmental conditions and the collector design, various options for the collector's position in space (in the plane) are possible, i.e. it can be rotated by 90, 180 and other angles, choosing the most optimal positions that reflect the sun's rays.

Parabolic-shaped mirror surfaces that reflect the sun's rays are used to concentrate additional solar energy. A system of concentric tubes that absorb heat is placed in the focal point of the parabola.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is illustrated by drawings

Fig.1 The upper part of the parabola that reflects sunlight and collects heat

1. A mirror parabola that reflects and concentrates the sun's rays

2. Black closed primary heat collection pipe

3. Closed heat flow diverter pipe

4. Closed, heat-conducting container

5. Spiral heat exchanger with inlet and outlet pipes

6. Thermal internal rotating flow guides

Fig.2 Heat collection, storage and transfer module

7. A container that collects heat and transfers it to the lower part

8. Lower heat-receiving tank

9. Capacity for further transfer of collected heat

Fig.3 Thermal - electric solar module

10. Upper part of the heat-collecting tank with double thermal glass

11. Lower upper part of the solar panel

12. Dark box for collecting all equipment

Fig.4 Section of the solar collector

13. Guides controlling thermal gas flows

14. Internal closed container with heat-storing material (wax, paraffin, etc.)

Fig.5 various variants of the thermal - electric solar module

15. The lower part, without a solar panel, is cooled by a heat carrier flowing through the pipes,

16. + with the sun lady

17. Thermal - electric solar collector module (box)

Fig.6 Poly thermal - electric solar collector system

18. A poly system of many different thermal - electric solar modules

19. Poly mirror system concentrating sunlight into individual segments

Fig.7 Thermal solar collector design with a heat-collecting tube buried in the ground (snow)

a) Heat storage tube

b) Fragment of a trench with insulation and reflective coating

20. Heat collecting tube

21. Double glazing

22. Insulated heat-reflecting coating

23. A ditch dug in the ground (in the snow)

Fig.8 Examples of placement of thermal - electric solar collectors in nature

a) on mountain slopes (the latter oriented towards the Sun)

b) on the roofs of houses

c) on movable structures

d) floating on rafts with a submerged heat recovery section

24. Body of water

25. Floating raft with collectors

26. Immersed heat exchanger collecting heat from the environment (+ water)

Fig.9 Volumetric heat pipe. (section)

27. Gas flow guides

28. Volumetric heat pipe

29. Heat-extracting tube

30. Rising warm gas flows

31. Descending after cooling: gas flows

32. Inverted volumetric heat pipe, transferring heat/cold from the inside

33. Descending outward flow

Fig.10 Heat pipe in a transparent cover

Transparent cover, sliding top part. Fixed transparent part

Fig.11 General view of the thermal-electric collector

A - heat collection module with a reflecting parabola located in the upper part

B - heat storage and transfer tanks in the lower part of the collector box

C - external solar panels

Fig.12 A typical schematic diagram of a solar panel connection for transmitting electricity to consumers.

DESCRIPTION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

The thermal-electric solar collector operates in an autonomous independent mode, using only the energy absorbed from the environment: thanks to the reflecting parabola, concentrating heat in the focus of the parabola, in which the module that accumulates and transfers heat is placed; the upper part of the device, hermetically covered with a double-glazed window. The lower part has an active upper solar panel, generating and transferring energy in the form of electricity. We are not aware of examples where both modules of different construction and operation would work in complementarity. By accumulating the generated heat and electricity, they can be transferred for further storage in other places or for appropriate use. Both energies: heat and electricity can be used to additionally help the thermal machine with the further course to transfer the accumulated energy for further consumption. The advantage of this invention - the start begins with the absorption, accumulation and temporary storage of energy present in nature and its further use, transferring it to other technical systems. The modular design enables the assembly of energy systems of several modules of the desired power from different, easily available standard components. This autonomous energy system can be used even in the most remote areas of the Earth (and other planets) to create local energy systems. Technically simple, relatively cheap, easily and quickly replicated, this energy system can be adapted to a wide variety of needs.

How individual energy modules work

Fig.1 The upper part of the parabola that reflects the sun's rays and collects heat:

It is assembled from several nodes according to the matryoshka principle:

a) a parabolic mirror that reflects and concentrates sunlight

b) 2,3,4.6 - pipes:

- the black outer tube heats up from concentrated sunlight

- with small holes directs heated air to flow around the pipe 4

- inside the tube there are guides 13, which direct the heated air flows to flow around the spiral tube with gas 5 and transfer heat through the wall to the flowing coolant flow

- in the spiral tube channel there is a closed container 14, with a heat-storing material (wax, paraffin, etc.) inside it. This allows for a short-term storage of a sudden excess amount of heat.

Thus, due to the artificially created contrast (i.e. the heat that has entered is constantly being removed), the newly absorbed heat spontaneously flows in the direction of the axis of the central tube. Finally, the newly entered heat spontaneously enters the lower tank 8.

Fig.2 Heat collection, short-term storage and rapid transfer system

The heat-collecting and transferring tank 7 is located in the upper part of the module and, through pipes filled with heat carrier gas, transfers heat spontaneously through spiral pipes to the tank with the heat-storing solution 8. This tank is connected by pipes filled with heat carrier gas to the heat-storing tank 9, through which a cold, warm liquid heat carrier flow enters and exits through a coiled pipe, which is used for consumption or stored in hot water tanks. The trio of tanks: 7-89 sequentially, spontaneously, transfers heat from one tank to another (in the form of warm gas down, cooled gas rises spontaneously up, which has transferred heat to tank 9 and from which the heat flow removes heat for external use. Through these two stages, the external heat absorbed from the environment ultimately becomes internal heat of the system, which is further transferred. In the case of a collector inversion of 180 degrees, i.e., inverted, the exchange processes will take place in the opposite direction.

Fig.3 Construction of a thermal-electric solar collector

The dark box for collecting all the equipment has two lower and two upper compartments:

a) In the upper section: the part of the parabola that reflects the sun's rays and collects heat 10;

b) In the lower section: heat collection, short-term storage and rapid transfer system.

Above part a) there is a double-glazed window

In the lower part, above part b), there is a spirally wound pipe 15 for the cooled coolant to flow through, above which the solar panel electrical module 11 is mounted. General view of the assembled device in a closed box 12 17.

Fig.4 Section of the solar collector

The parabolic mirror 1 reflects the concentrated solar heat into the external black closed primary heat collection pipe 2. The latter heats the air between the tanks 2 and 3. Through the slots of the heat flow closed diverter pipe 3, the hot heated air flow flows around the closed, well-heat-transferring tank 4 located inside. The latter is filled with dry air or well-heat-transferring gas, which is directed by the guides 13 to flow around the heat transfer spiral with gas 5 located inside. Excess heat that cannot be removed heats the closed tank inside the twisted spiral 5. with heat-accumulating material (wax, paraffin, etc.) 14. In the spiral heat exchanger with inflow and outflow pipes 5, hot - warm - cooled gas constantly circulates in a closed circle from the upper part of the collector. The hot gas of the tank 7 descends downwards and gives off heat to the lower heat-receiving tank 8. From the latter, the heat is transferred through gas-lined pipes to the collected heat transfer tank 9. The heat carrier flow flowing through the latter transfers warm water to the consumers with the help of a pump. In the case of collector inversion (rotation by 180 degrees), the above processes will occur in the reverse sequence, i.e. the heat carrier gas will rise upwards. In this way, heat is spontaneously collected from the environment, travels through intermediate heat collection tanks and is finally transferred to consumption. All this happens spontaneously and does not require large energy costs. A rotating water pump helps to remove heat from the system, which can operate on electricity generated by a solar panel or electricity stored in a battery.

Fig.5 Sequential variants of the implementation of a thermal - electric solar module

The thermal module, without the electrical module (electric panel) part, has a cooling pipe part placed on the surface, allowing the lower part of the solar panel to be cooled. 16 - module with an electric solar panel. 17 - The complete heat and electricity system is assembled in the box.

Fig.6 Poly parabolic mirror system collecting and concentrating solar radiation and directing it to the poly collector system. The capabilities of such an expanded system are quite large, generating enormous amounts of both heat and electricity. Additionally, capable transmission of both thermal and electrical energy flows to consumers should be installed. The system of mirrors directing solar radiation can be automatically rotated by solar position sensors and motors rotating the system, maintaining an optimal position reflecting solar radiation.

Fig.7 The heat emitted by the sun can be collected without a module box. Pits of the appropriate size can be dug, insulated, covered with double glazing and a volumetric heat pipe placed under it, absorbing the heat reflected from the mirror. The flows passing through the heat pipes will carry the heat to the consumers. Such a solution - using a heat-reflecting groove and volumetric heat pipes - allows you to have heat without the entire collector frame structure.

Fig.8 advanced thermal - electric solar collector capabilities:

- place them on the slopes of mountains and hills

- On the roofs and walls of buildings

- Place on floating rafts

- various vehicles: ships, trains, cars, etc.

- Use compact small energy systems on carts with wheels, they can be constantly positioned by turning them to the side receiving the rays and heat. This can also be done automatically - in response to the position of the sun moving along the horizon.

Fig.9 Volumetric heat pipe (section)

Accelerates heat exchange processes.

Fig.10 Heat pipe in a transparent cover

A very rapid heat exchange takes place in a parabola reflecting the sun's rays, located in a heat-transferring spiral.

Possibility of obtaining a technical result

The main idea of the proposed invention is very simple: to collect energy from the environment, concentrate it and direct it in the desired direction, i.e. to artificially create the conditions to move in the direction we desire.

This is relatively simple, because: Energy is flows of moving particles, all that remains is to create and maintain, using the principle of contrast, an "artificial pit, emptiness - an energy trap" and try to make the energy flows move in the direction we want, and also constantly try to free the filled cavities as quickly as possible.

"The principle of an artificial pit is suitable for both heat and electricity."

The thermal and electrical modules complement each other. The energy generated by the solar panel allows the pumps to be driven to pump cold and warm coolant flows to another location. Since these flows are relatively small, relatively low-power pumps with low energy requirements are sufficient to pump the moving flows.

The system is more efficient by creating larger heat-heat-cold contrasts and having a larger number and volume of heat-accumulating and cold tanks, as well as larger capacity batteries and/or electric capacitors, and developed fast power lines for energy transmission to consumers.

Claims (3)

1. Thermal - electric solar collector, consisting of several functionally different thermal modules: a spiral module, with thermal tanks having spiral tubes on the outside, a heat flow distribution module, a refrigeration module, a modular heat accumulator, and all modules are interconnected by heat pipes into a single system that consistently transfers heat from the environment to the tanks of the structure, differing in that it is supplemented with two different energy storage and transfer modules: The first, in which the energy reflected and concentrated from the parabolic mirror is transferred to the lower part of the thermal accumulators, which accumulates heat and transfers it further, and the latter is insulated from the environment by a double-glazed window. second/where various powers are used, solar power plant: with panels and necessary equipment: batteries, controllers, converters, etc. module parts. 2. The method of operation of a thermal-electric solar collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal-electric solar collector, where the parabolic mirror of the solar radiation collecting part reflects the concentrated solar heat into the external black closed primary heat collection pipe, and the latter directs the heated air between the tanks in such a way that the hot heated air flow through the slots of the thermal closed directing pipe flows around the closed, well-heat-transferring tank located inside, the latter is filled with dry air or well-heat-transferring gas, which is directed by the guides to flow around the heat transfer spiral with gas located inside, and the excess heat that cannot be removed heats the closed tank located inside the twisted spiral with a heat-accumulating material (wax, paraffin, etc.), in addition, in the spiral heat exchanger with inflow and outflow pipes, hot air constantly circulates in a closed circle - warm - cooled gas, hot gas from the upper part of the collector, the tank descends and gives off heat to the lower heat-receiving tank, and from the latter the heat is transferred through the pipes to the collected heat transfer tank, from the latter the heat carrier flow passing through the tank through the pipe with the help of a slurp transports warm water to consumers. 3. The method of operation of a thermal-electric solar collector according to claim 2, characterized in that the system of poly parabolic mirrors, collecting and concentrating sunlight and directing them to the poly collector system, and such an extended system capabilities generate enormous amounts of both heat and electricity; the system of mirrors directing sunlight is automatically rotated by the sun position sensors and the motors rotating the system, maintaining an optimal position reflecting sunlight.