CN101109578A - Heat collector and solar energy using device using the same - Google Patents

Heat collector and solar energy using device using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101109578A
CN101109578A CNA2007100854774A CN200710085477A CN101109578A CN 101109578 A CN101109578 A CN 101109578A CN A2007100854774 A CNA2007100854774 A CN A2007100854774A CN 200710085477 A CN200710085477 A CN 200710085477A CN 101109578 A CN101109578 A CN 101109578A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
thermal
heat
thermophore
arrest portion
heat collector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CNA2007100854774A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
肆矢规夫
富田英夫
粉川胜藏
安木诚一
渡辺竹司
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Publication of CN101109578A publication Critical patent/CN101109578A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/42—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with only one rotation axis
    • F24S30/425—Horizontal axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
    • F24S2023/872—Assemblies of spaced reflective elements on common support, e.g. Fresnel reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/13—Transmissions
    • F24S2030/131—Transmissions in the form of articulated bars
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking

Abstract

The invention provides a collector and a solar energy utilizating device using the said collector,in order to miniaturizing the collector and use the collector as roof material of house and effectively recover heat obligatory to heat the heat collection portion from sunlight. The collector comprises: two or more reflectors (1) which condense sunlight; a rotary support part (14) supported using the heat collection portion (3) of each reflector as a rotation center and bearing the circumference in manner that the reflector could rotate; an operating section (5) making the reflectors move together and rotating towards a uniform direction along with each heat collection portion (3); an actuator (4) connected with this operating section (5); a control section (18) which controls this actuator; and an exterior package (20) for storing two or more of these reflectors (1), a heat collection portion and an operating section, and an actuator. Thus the exterior package is promoted to be thin and the heat emission is reduced and the collection efficiency is increased.

Description

Heat collector and use the helioplant of this heat collector
Technical field
The present invention relates to heat collector and as helioplants such as the solar water heaters, device of solar generating that utilize the cogeneration system of solar energy.
Background technology
Existing this solar thermal collector, as Figure 28 and shown in Figure 29, be at section composite parabolic (CPC) drowning cast elongated condenser mirror 501 focus config set heat pipe 502 and constitute thermal-arrest portion 503, this thermal-arrest portion 503 is a plurality of side by side, by thermophore pipe arrangement 504 thermal-collecting tube 502 is separately connected, formation is linked to be one pipeline from thermophore inlet 505 to thermophore outlet 506.
In addition,, cover other parts and form confined space, air outside is not contacted with thermal-collecting tube 502 by housing 508 by the open side of light transmission body 507 covering condenser mirrors 501.
Sunshine passes light transmission body 507, is reflected by condenser mirror 501, is pooled to the thermal-collecting tube 502 that is disposed at its focus.The heat of the sunshine that compiles is absorbed by the surface of thermal-collecting tube 502 and converts heat to and general's thermophore heating wherein.
That is, will enter the mouth from thermophore and 505 take out from thermophore outlet 506 to the thermophores heating back that thermal-collecting tube 502 flows.At this moment, thermal-collecting tube 502 becomes high temperature, therefore with the gas heat radiation of heat around thermal-collecting tube 502, but because it is inner by light transmission body 507 and housing 508 sealings, so suppressed the heat radiation that convection current brings to the outside.
In addition, sunshine is almost all seen through, and the infrared wavelength that radiates from the thermal-collecting tube 502 of high temperature is seen through to the outside hardly, suppressed heat emission thus to the outside by light transmission body 507.
Like this, by being taken into solar energy well and suppressing of the radiation loss of the heat of conversion, so constituted the good solar thermal collector (for example opening the 2002-228271 communique) of efficient with reference to the spy to the outside.
In Figure 28 and solar thermal collector shown in Figure 29, thermophore is flowed and heat, temperature is risen gradually, so the temperature of thermal-collecting tube 502 or its inner thermophore is along with near the upstream side 505 sides that enter the mouth from thermophore heats up gradually near the downstream the thermophore outlet 506.And the temperature of its ambient air etc. also heats up gradually along with the temperature of thermal-arrest portion.
The hermetically-sealed construction that housing 508 by containing thermal insulation barriers and light transmission body 507 constitute etc. forms heat insulation structural, but if the temperature of inner thermal-collecting tube 502 or thermophore is higher, then the temperature difference with the outside becomes big, so from the heat dissipation capacity increase of thermal-arrest portion 503 to the outside.
But, in existing structure since from the thermal-arrest portion of an end sequentially to opposite end, by thermophore pipe arrangement 504 thermal-collecting tube 502 is linked in sequence, be configured in from the nearest position of ambient atmos so the highest thermophore of temperature exports the thermal-arrest portion 503 of 506 sides.
Therefore, the heat radiation that exports 506 parts near the highest thermophore of this temperature is bigger, and as the deterioration of efficiency of solar thermal collector, and the temperature of thermophore outlet 506 reduces.
As an other example of this heat collector, form thermal-arrest portion and thermal-collecting tube one or close-connected structure, make thermophore in the thermal-collecting tube circulation and with thermophore heating (for example opening the 2003-161534 communique) with reference to the spy.
In this case, in the thermal-arrest portion separately that is located at below a plurality of speculums, draw, therefore have arrangement owing to thermal-arrest portion and make drawing of thermal-collecting tube around freely problem not around thermal-collecting tube.
In addition, if with speculum and the miniaturization of thermal-arrest portion, then thermal-collecting tube relatively increases, can not be configured in whole thermal-arrest portions, in addition, many of the also intensive configurations of thermal-collecting tube, end at thermal-collecting tube also needs new joint, has the problem of complex structure, processing cost rising.
In addition, as existing this heat collector, dispose thermal insulation barriers (for example opening the 2005-300138 communique) between the reflecting plate unit in being disposed at the hollow box-shaped shell and the bottom of housing and the reflecting plate unit with reference to the spy.
In this case, if the high temperature and the heat that obtain making the thermophore evaporation and make the rotation of steam worm gear in cogeneration system, then the radiation loss from housing increases temperature that can not obtain stipulating and heat.
In addition, in the past, speculum as this heat collector, situation with the microscler parabolic mirror that uses the groove shape, the thermal-collecting tube of fixed configurations circulation heated fluid on the focal axis of the focus that connects this speculum, parabolic mirror around the rotating shaft consistent with focal axis rotary axis of earth supporting freely, coaxially is attached at solar tracking device on the parabolic mirror and (for example opens the 2001-201187 communique with reference to the spy).
In this case, owing to be the unit of monomer, the parabolic mirror that temperature rises and needs are big in order to make heated fluid can not form thin type structure as solar panel, therefore be difficult to be provided with as the roof Material of dwelling house, and diminish outward appearance.
In addition, though thermal-collecting tube constitutes the thermal-arrest part by the transparent double wall of vacuum,, therefore has the problem of the collecting efficiency that can not improve heat collector because other paths are not provided with special heat insulation structural.
On the other hand, about optically focused, with sunlight, need always condenser mirror to be aimed at sunshine exactly for effectively.
Therefore, as shown in figure 30, as the automatic follow-up mechanism of existing sunshine, known have a following structure: with sunlight, at this light collecting part optical fiber 509 is set by Fresnel Lenses, sunshine is directed to the position of use.Near the light collecting part of this optical fiber 509, be provided with the rising inching sensor 501 and the decline inching sensor 511 that detect light quantity.
Depart from and touch butt from the optical fiber 509 of focus if the sunshine of optically focused is followed moving of the sun and rise with inching sensor 510 or decline inching sensor 511, then make the inching circuit operation adjust spot position, to rise with the difference elimination of the output of the output of inching sensor 510 and decline inching sensor 511 and move, can with the spot position of sunshine always optically focused on optical fiber 509, (for example open flat 9-229669 communique) with reference to the spy.
In this case, sunshine is pooled to thermal-collecting tube and thermophore is flowed and is heated by condenser mirror, therefore can high temperature and compile heat effectively, but along with the moving of the sun, for solar energy optically focused and condenser mirror always accurately must be aimed at the sun effectively.
Therefore, the inching sensor that detects light quantity is set near light collecting part,, then adjusts, can align with the direction of injecting of the sun by every time move if the sunshine of assembling departs from and touches the inching sensor from focus.
But temporary transient cloudy back etc. when the direction of the sun and the optical axis direction of Fresnel Lenses are more different, then can not be followed the trail of.
In addition, make light collecting part learn the direction of the sun up and down by the output variation of inching sensor, therefore, need make in order always to follow the trail of light collecting part always about, in order to prevent the generation of this situation, two inching sensors were set in the past and during the direction of the sun moves between it, light collecting part are stopped.Therefore, usually, can not make the optically focused direction consistent with the direction of the sun, the heat build-up amount reduces, as the deterioration of efficiency of solar thermal collector.
Summary of the invention
The present invention constitutes in order to solve above-mentioned problem, its purpose is, by improving light in the heat collector to the conversion efficiency of heat, and improves the efficiency of heating surface of thermophore, and/or prevent heat radiation from heat collector, reclaim the heat of thermophore effectively or form steam effectively.
More particularly, provide the heat collector with following structure in order to solve above-mentioned existing issue: the heat collector that will have solar tracking device constitutes compactly, does not damage attractive in appearance as the roof Material of dwelling house; Can always differentiate the locality of the speculum and the sun by the output of light income sensor; By inboard the thermophore outlet is set, can reduces radiation loss, thermophore is heated effectively, and outlet temperature is risen from high-temperature portion at solar thermal collector; To a plurality of thermal-arrest portion do not carry out complicated thermal-collecting tube draw around, reclaim the heat that is used to heat thermophore effectively from thermal-arrest portion; Prevent heat radiation, reclaim effectively and form the required heat of thermophore steam from housing.
In order to solve above-mentioned problem, heat collector of the present invention comprises: a plurality of speculums, and it is used for converge sunlight; Thermal-arrest portion, it is arranged on each of described a plurality of speculums; Swivel bearing portion, it is that pivot is fixed and supported around it in the mode that described speculum can rotate with described thermal-arrest portion; Operating member, it makes the action of described a plurality of mirror integrals ground, and rotates to same direction along thermal-arrest portion separately; Drive division, itself and described operating member link; Control part, it is used to control described drive division; Outer dress, it is used to take in described a plurality of speculum, thermal-arrest portion, operating member and drive division.
Thus, owing to by being divided into a plurality of speculums and thermal-arrest portion speculum self is reduced and rotating range is dwindled, so can reduce the short transverse of outer dress and, be provided with as roof Material easily than unfertile land formation.
In addition, a plurality of speculums, thermal-arrest portion, operating member and drive division are accommodated in the outer dress, reduce from the heat radiation of thermal-arrest portion and improve collecting efficiency for the steam of the thermophore that obtains high temperature.
Heat collector of the present invention has solar tracking device and compactness, slim constitutes, and can be used as roof Material setting, harmless appearance looks elegant.
In addition, prevent, reclaim the steam that is used to form heating medium for high temperature effectively from the heat radiation of thermal-arrest portion.
In a first aspect of the present invention, by heat collector is set, can be efficiently with sunlight in thermal-arrest portion, described thermal-arrest portion has, the speculum of reflection and converge sunlight, accept the sunshine assembled by this speculum thermal-arrest portion, estimate with respect to the decision maker of the sun direction of light of described speculum and the drive division of accepting the signal of this decision maker and described speculum being moved towards the sun over against ground.
In second aspect, heat collector comprises: a plurality of speculums, and it is used for converge sunlight; Thermal-arrest portion, it is arranged on each of described a plurality of speculums; Swivel bearing portion, it is that pivot is fixed and supported around it in the mode that described speculum can rotate with described thermal-arrest portion; Operating member, it makes the action of described a plurality of mirror integrals ground, and rotates to same direction along thermal-arrest portion separately; Drive division, itself and described operating member link; Control part, it is used to control described drive division; Outer dress, it is used to take in described a plurality of speculum, thermal-arrest portion, operating member and drive division, and thus, speculum self reduces and rotating range also dwindles, so can reduce the short transverse of outer dress and than the unfertile land formation, can be provided with as roof Material easily.
In addition, owing to taken in a plurality of speculums, thermal-arrest portion, operating member and drive division in the dress outside, can reduce heat radiation and improve collecting efficiency.
Third aspect present invention, the thermal-arrest portion of second aspect particularly, in order to make thermophore at internal circulation and be communicated with in the thermal-collecting tube of one and a plurality of speculums, thus, so the sunshine heating that thermophore is concentrated by the speculum by separately is can be with the temperature maintenance of thermophore at high temperature and the heat that obtains stipulating.
Fourth aspect present invention, particularly the thermal-arrest portion of the second aspect or the third aspect is equipped with the ultrared selection absorbing film of absorption, thus on the surface, can prevent from the infrared emission of thermal-arrest portion and with the temperature maintenance of thermal-arrest portion at high temperature, its heat is conducted thermophore effectively.
Fifth aspect present invention, the outer dress of either side in second aspect～fourth aspect particularly, inject and the little gas of sealing thermal conductivity to inside, thus, can prevent the heat radiation that the cross-ventilation in the outer dress brings, the actuating range of speculum or operating member or drive division is big and the part heat insulation structural deficiency that causes covers, therefore can reduce from the heat radiation of outer dress and improve collecting efficiency.
Sixth aspect present invention, the control part of either side in second aspect～the 5th aspect particularly, drive division is controlled, so that speculum corresponding to season and the sun in one day height and rotate, thus, with date in each season with altitude of the sun constantly is corresponding and rotating mirror so the sunshine of mirror reflects can be focused on thermal-arrest portion, can obtain heating required heat of thermophore and temperature in the whole year.
Seventh aspect present invention, the control part of either side in second aspect～the 6th aspect particularly, the angle of inclination and longitude and latitude that the place is set of the stand of heat collector are set from the input part input, thus, compare with the master data that automatically is stored in the control part than the lowland, make with from the angle of inclination of stand with the action corresponding programs work of the sun of seeing in the place is set, so can obtain sunshine best in a year that the place is set, and can access required heat and the temperature of heating thermophore.
Eighth aspect present invention, the heat collector of second aspect～the 7th aspect either side particularly, by being provided with position detection part in inside, automatically instrumentation is provided with the angle of inclination and longitude and latitude that the place is set of stand, the data of position detection part are compared with the master data of storage, control part makes and automatically works from angle of inclination that stand is set or the action corresponding programs that the sun of seeing in the place is set, sunshine best in 1 year that the place is set can be obtained, and required heat and the temperature of heating thermophore can be accessed.
The heat collector of ninth aspect present invention comprises: speculum, and it is used for converge sunlight; Thermal-arrest portion, it is arranged on described speculum; Rotary driving part, it is a pivot with described thermal-arrest portion, the mode that can rotate with described speculum supports around it; The light income sensor, its face vertical with the rotating shaft of described rotary driving part is provided with a plurality of, and the sensitive surface direction of described light income sensor has nothing in common with each other.
In aspect the 9th, owing to will be provided with setting more largo on a plurality of direction of light income sensor on the face perpendicular to rotating shaft at sensitive surface, so change the output valve of light income sensor separately according to the direction of the sun, therefore can distinguish the direction of heat collector and the direction of the sun, by rotating around rotating shaft, can make the heat collector forward towards the sun, make the heat-collecting capacity maximum, the efficient of heat collector can be improved, and the densification and the simplification of heat collector can be sought.
In aspect the 9th, heat collector comprises: speculum, and it is used for converge sunlight; Thermal-arrest portion, it is arranged on described speculum; Rotary driving part, it is a pivot with described thermal-arrest portion, the mode that can rotate with described speculum supports around it; The light income sensor, its face vertical with the rotating shaft of described rotary driving part is provided with a plurality of, described light income sensor tilts the direction of sensitive surface and constitutes, thus, change the output valve of light income sensor separately by direction, can distinguish the direction of heat collector and the direction of the sun, can make the heat collector forward towards the sun by rotating around rotating shaft according to the sun, make the heat-collecting capacity maximum, and can improve the efficient of heat collector.
That is, the sunshine mirroring one or many that is reflected is absorbed by the surface of thermal-arrest portion and converts heat energy to, with the thermophore heating of thermophore pipe arrangement and the temperature of thermophore is risen.This heat energy is owing to increase and decrease according to the amount of injecting the sunshine of speculum, and always forward is towards the sun so make speculum, and it is the main points that obtain maximum heat.The sun is according to season and time changing its height, direction.
Therefore, a plurality of optical sensors that are subjected to are set on the face vertical with rotating shaft, and on the direction of sensitive surface, widely are provided with, thus with rectangular of rotating shaft on can differentiate the direction of the sun and the direction of speculum.Change the output maximum of the light income sensor when making the direction of solar direction and sensitive surface consistent according to the output of light income sensor and the skew of solar direction.
Therefore, the size variation of the output valve of a plurality of light income sensors that are provided with more largo by the optical axis with respect to speculum can be determined the direction of the sun with respect to speculum.Can make speculum always towards sun action, make the heat collector forward, so can make the heat-collecting capacity maximum and improve the efficient of heat collector towards the sun.
In addition, can improve the temperature of thermophore by increasing optically focused amount and further heating thermophore, improve the outlet temperature of thermophore.Therefore, can utilize augmented performance with heat collector densification and simplification.
Tenth aspect present invention, be provided with operational part, its output to the light income sensor that is provided with a plurality of the 9th aspects compares, the output valve of the described light income sensor when consistent with the optical axis of speculum and solar direction relatively, rotate described rotary driving part, so that described output valve is equal, thus, the value of the output size of the light income sensor by will be separately compares, and can determine the direction of the sun exactly.
That is, the optical axis by relative speculum is provided with the light income sensor more largo in the sensitive surface direction, and when the optical axis of speculum was consistent with solar direction, the sensitive surface of light income sensor favoured the direction of the sun.Therefore, the size of the output of each light income sensor tilts corresponding to it.Therefore, be subjected to the position relation of the optical sensor and the sun fixing, differentiate the position relation of the sun and speculum.By making the rotary driving part rotation, can make speculum successively towards the sun to changing.
The present invention the tenth on the one hand, the speculum of the 9th aspect particularly, form the two-dimentional curved surface of the parabola formation of the cast that falls into water, the sensitive surface direction of a plurality of light income sensors tilts with respect to this parabolical axle equal angles ground, thus, can make speculum consistent reliably by the action of a direction with the direction of the sun.
That is,, when sunshine tilts to inject to the downpipe direction with the rectangular direction of parabolical axle, reflect and arrive thermal-arrest portion on mirror tilt ground by the quadratic surface that the parabola that speculum is formed drowning cast constitutes.
Therefore, by the direction of the sun being alignd with parabolical axle and can making tracking mechanism simple the sun and speculum forward.In addition, the sensitive surface direction of light income sensor is with respect to this parabolical axle equal angles ground expansion, and thus, speculum and a plurality of light income sensor equally spaced are positioned at the direction of the sun.
Because the output of light income sensor basis increases with the inclination of the direction of the sun, so when the output of a plurality of light income sensors is identical, can make parabolical axle consistent with the direction of the sun.
Like this, always distinguish the position relation of the sun and speculum,, can always speculum be aimed at the sun by making the rotary driving part rotation.
The present invention the 12 aspect is provided with the storage control part, the described operating angle that it is particularly stored the spinning movement angle of rotary driving part and calculated time per unit by the operational part of the 9th aspect.Described storage control part is according to the described operating angle value of time per unit and rotary driving part is rotated successively, and the rotation to described rotary driving part is proofreaied and correct, so that the output valve of described light income sensor equates, therefore, the direction of sun-tracing and reduce the rotary power of rotary driving part successively.
Promptly, certain speed action is shown in the action of the sun in a day greatly, therefore, make the operating angle of rotary driving part rotation based on the variation of each action of the sun by the operational part storage, infer Next roughly actuating quantity and control by the variation of time per unit, so can make speculum aim at the sun reliably by carrying out inching by the output valve of light income sensor.
Therefore, can reduce the spinning movement of rotary driving part, improve reliability, the reduction of following the trail of action and follow the trail of power.
The present invention the 13 aspect, the speculum of a plurality of the 9th aspects is set, and thermal-arrest portion is in order to make thermophore at internal circulation and be communicated with configuration with in the thermal-collecting tube of one and a plurality of speculums, thus, so the heating of sunshine that thermophore is assembled in by speculum separately is can be with the temperature maintenance of thermophore at high temperature and can access the heat of regulation.
The thermal-arrest portion of the present invention the 14 aspect, especially the 9th aspect is equipped with the ultrared selection absorbing film of absorption on the surface, thus, can prevent infrared emission, the temperature maintenance of thermal-arrest portion at high temperature, is conducted its heat to thermophore effectively from thermal-arrest portion.
The outer dress of the present invention the 15 aspect, especially the 9th aspect injects in inside and is sealed with the little gas of thermal conductivity, thus, the heat of the cross-ventilation in adorning can be transmitted the heat radiation that produces outward and reduce significantly, reduces from the heat radiation of outer dress and improves collecting efficiency.
The heat collector of the present invention the 16 aspect in the heat collector of thermophore pipe arrangement with mobile thermophore and the thermal-arrest portion that utilizes the solar energy heating thermophore, is provided with the thermophore outlet in the inboard of heat collector.Owing to become other thermal-arrest portion around the thermal-arrest portion of the highest temperature of outlet side, thus can form and ambient atmos between thermal insulation layer.
In aspect the present invention the 16, because the thermal-arrest portion that becomes other on every side of the thermal-arrest portion of the highest temperature of outlet side, so the thermal insulation layer between formation and the ambient atmos.The heat dissipation capacity of the highest thermal-arrest portion of temperature is reduced, improve the efficient of heat collector, and outlet temperature is risen.
The present invention the 16 aspect connects a plurality of thermal-arrest portion utilize the solar energy heating thermophore by the thermophore pipe arrangement, is provided with the thermophore inlet in the thermal-arrest portion that is positioned at the outside, is provided with the thermophore outlet being positioned at inboard thermal-arrest portion.
Thus and since the thermal-arrest portion of the highest temperature of outlet side around become other thermal-arrest portion, so can form and ambient atmos between thermal insulation layer.Can reduce the heat dissipation capacity of the highest thermal-arrest portion of temperature, improve the efficient of heat collector and outlet temperature is risen.
The present invention the 17 aspect, the thermal-arrest portion about will being positioned at by the thermophore pipe arrangement interconnects.The present invention's the tenth eight aspect disposes odd number thermal-arrest portion, is connected with the thermophore outlet in the thermal-arrest portion of central authorities.The present invention the 19 aspect after by the thermophore pipe arrangement adjacent thermal-arrest portion being connected, reciprocally connects about the thermal-arrest portion about will being positioned at.The present invention the 20 aspect forms multichannel with the thermophore pipe arrangement, makes the thermal-arrest portion in downstream of thermophore outlet side approaching mutually.
The present invention the 20 heat collector on the one hand comprises: thermal-arrest portion, and it is used to assemble solar energy; The thermal-arrest opening, it is got the heat of being assembled by described thermal-arrest portion; Heat exchanger, it reclaims heat from this thermal-arrest opening to thermophore, described heat exchanger is made of heated sheet and access panels, described heated sheet is located at described thermal-arrest open side, be tabular, described access panels clips gap and described heated sheet and overlaps and be provided be used for forming the concavo-convex of thermophore path on heat exchanger.
Thus, do not exist the complexity of thermal-collecting tube draw around, carry out heat exchange to thermophore equably from heated sheet integral body, the area of dissipation of heat exchanger is dwindled, improve the thermal efficiency of heat collector.
In addition owing to need not to draw around thermal-collecting tube in a plurality of thermal-arrest portion, so be not subjected to the size of thermal-arrest portion and assortment about, constitute heat exchanger compactly.
In addition, because constitute heat exchanger,, reduce cost so can oversimplify by heated sheet and access panels.
In the present invention the 20 on the one hand, carry out heat exchange from heated sheet integral body equably to thermophore, dwindle the area of dissipation of heat exchanger, improve the thermal efficiency of heat collector.
In the 20 one side, has the thermal-arrest portion that assembles solar energy, obtain the thermal-arrest opening of the heat that this thermal-arrest portion assembles and the heat exchanger that reclaims heat from this thermal-arrest opening to thermophore, this heat exchanger is made of heated sheet and access panels, described heated sheet is located at described thermal-arrest open side, be tabular, described access panels clips gap and described heated sheet and overlaps and be provided with and be used to form the concavo-convex of thermophore path, thus, access panels is set, it is assembled solar energy by thermal-arrest portion and it is shone to flat heated sheet, integrated and constitute the thermophore path with heated sheet, can draw heat exchanger with respect to the thermal-arrest opening around tubulose uncomplicatedly, the heat that heated sheet integral body is subjected to is equably to the thermophore transmission, and can dwindle the area of dissipation of heat exchanger, improves the thermal efficiency of heat collector.
The present invention the 22 aspect particularly in the 20 on the one hand heat exchanger, will be assembled in the heat recovery of a plurality of thermal-arrest openings by the heated sheet of one, thus, can not be subjected to the size of light collecting part and assortment about, constitute heat exchanger compactly.
The present invention the 23 aspect particularly in the 20 on the one hand heat exchanger, makes the concavo-convex circuitous of access panels and is shaped, constitute the thermophore path, thus, the thermophore path in the heat exchanger can be constituted, the temperature of thermophore can be improved by the path of a connection.
The present invention the 24 aspect, particularly in the heat exchanger of the 20 one side, by in access panels, also constituting the head part of thermophore path, in heat exchanger, constitute whole thermophore paths, thus, can prevent heat radiation,, the temperature of thermophore is risen the heat transferred thermophore that heated sheet reclaims.
The present invention the 25 aspect, especially in the heated sheet of the 20 one side, be formed with the selection absorbing film by surface in thermal-arrest portion side, prevent reflection by the heated sheet surface that is subjected to heat from the optically focused opening, the heat absorption amount of heated sheet is increased, infrared emission when the temperature that prevents heated sheet rises can promote the heated sheet temperature, and thermophore is heated.
The present invention the 26 aspect, especially in the access panels of the 20 one side, by constituting tabular via the liner that between heated sheet and access panels, constitutes the thermophore path, the formation trickle path freely but the liner break-through is dull and stereotyped, can be also corresponding with the assortment of a plurality of little thermal-arrest openings, promote heat exchange to thermophore.
The heat collector of the 27 aspect of the present invention has: thermal-arrest portion, and it is used to assemble solar energy; The thermal-arrest opening, it is got the heat that described thermal-arrest portion assembles; Heat exchanger, it reclaims heat from described thermal-arrest opening to thermophore; Outer dress, it takes in described thermal-arrest portion and heat exchanger; Thermal wall, it is arranged in this outer dress, separates outer dress wall, described thermal-arrest portion and the heat exchanger of described outer dress, by described thermal wall and outside adorn in the receiving room that wall constitutes Vacuumed insulation panel be installed.
Thus, when the interior temperature of outer dress is risen, also can prevent that the temperature of the Vacuumed insulation panel in the receiving room from rising, so prevent the deterioration of Vacuumed insulation panel, can reduce the heat radiation from outer dress for a long time by thermal wall.
In aspect the 27, the use Vacuumed insulation panel prevents the heat radiation from outer dress, and the heat that is used to form the thermophore steam of high temperature is reclaimed effectively.
In the 27 aspect, has the thermal-arrest portion that assembles solar energy, got the thermal-arrest opening of the heat that described thermal-arrest portion assembles, reclaim the heat exchanger of heat to thermophore from described thermal-arrest opening, take in the outer dress of described thermal-arrest portion and heat exchanger and separate outer dress wall in the dress outside, the thermal wall of described thermal-arrest portion and heat exchanger, by thermal wall with adorn outward in the receiving room that wall constitutes Vacuumed insulation panel is installed, thus, when the interior temperature of outer dress is risen, also can prevent that the temperature of the Vacuumed insulation panel in the receiving room from rising by thermal wall, so prevent the deterioration of Vacuumed insulation panel, can reduce heat radiation for a long time from outer dress.
In the present invention's the 20 eight aspect, especially the thermal wall of the 27 aspect, reflecting material towards thermal-arrest portion and heat exchanger reflected infrared ray is installed, thus, the heat exchanger Yin Wendu that the heat that thermal-arrest portion is assembled obtains rises and the infrared ray that produces is reflected by the reflecting material of thermal wall, be used for the heating again of heat exchanger, rise, prevent the high temperature deterioration of the Vacuumed insulation panel in the receiving room so can prevent the temperature of thermal wall.
Aspect the present invention the 29, the thermal wall of the 27 aspect particularly, between thermal-arrest portion and heat exchanger, be provided with the space, thus, directly arrive the reflecting material of thermal wall from the infrared ray of thermal-arrest portion and heat exchanger, improve reflecting properties, rise, prevent the high temperature deterioration of Vacuumed insulation panel so can prevent the temperature of Vacuumed insulation panel.
Aspect the present invention the 30, the thermal wall of the 27 aspect particularly, reflecting material towards the heat exchanger reflected infrared ray is installed, heat exchanger is being equipped with the ultrared selection absorbing film of absorption on the sidewall surfaces of thermal wall, thus, the infrared ray that is produced by heat exchanger is absorbed by reflection of the reflecting material of thermal wall and selected absorbing film, this heat is used for the heating again of heat exchanger, rise so can prevent the temperature of Vacuumed insulation panel, prevent the high temperature deterioration of Vacuumed insulation panel.
The present invention the 30 on the one hand, particularly in the thermal wall aspect the 27, the ultrared selection absorbing film of absorption is being installed on the sidewall surfaces of Vacuumed insulation panel, the reflecting material of reflected infrared ray is installed on the surface of Vacuumed insulation panel, thus, the selected absorbing film of infrared ray by the reflection of the reflecting material of Vacuumed insulation panel absorbs this heat Returning heat-exchanger side, rise so can prevent the temperature of Vacuumed insulation panel, prevent the high temperature deterioration of Vacuumed insulation panel.
The present invention the 32 aspect, particularly in the thermal wall aspect the 27, be provided with the space being installed in the face of the selection absorbing film on the side surface of Vacuumed insulation panel and being installed between the lip-deep reflecting material of Vacuumed insulation panel, thus, directly arrive the reflecting material of Vacuumed insulation panel from the infrared ray of thermal wall, reflecting properties improves, can be by selecting absorbing film to absorb heat, the temperature that prevents Vacuumed insulation panel rises, and prevents the high temperature deterioration of Vacuumed insulation panel.
The present invention the 33 aspect, the thermal wall aspect the 27 particularly, by at the little gas of the space of thermal-arrest portion and heat exchanger side filling heat-conductive rate, prevent to carry out the heat conduction to thermal wall from thermal-arrest portion and heat exchanger, rise so can prevent the temperature of Vacuumed insulation panel, prevent the high temperature deterioration of Vacuumed insulation panel.
The present invention the 34 aspect, especially aspect the 27～thermal wall of the either side of the 33 aspect, by and the reflecting material of Vacuumed insulation panel between the little gas of filling heat-conductive rate in the space that is provided with, prevent to conduct to the heat that Vacuumed insulation panel carries out from thermal wall, rise so can prevent the temperature of Vacuumed insulation panel, prevent the high temperature deterioration of Vacuumed insulation panel.
In the present invention, as thermophore, consider R134a or supercritical fluid, for example carbon dioxide.
In addition, by heat collector of the present invention is carried at the employed solar chp system of the heating of thermophore, can use solar energy to realize generating and hot water supply and heating.
Particularly, heat collector of the present invention can be applied flexibly in the device of solar generating that drives generator by the thermophore by this heat collector heating, perhaps applies flexibly in the solar water heater that is added the water of hot water storage tank by heat collector.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the orthogonal view of the heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 (a) is near the sectional side view of drive division of the heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 1 (b);
Fig. 3 is the sectional side view of speculum of the heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 4 is the drawing in side sectional elevation of the heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 5 is the sectional side view of another heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 6 is the sectional side view of another heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 3;
Fig. 7 is the pie graph of the cogeneration system of the solar energy Lan Ken system (ラ Application キ Application シ ス テ system) that is equipped with embodiment of the present invention 4;
Fig. 8 is the pie graph of cogeneration system that is equipped with another solar energy Lan Ken system of embodiment of the present invention 5;
Fig. 9 is the pie graph of another solar energy Lan Ken system of embodiment of the present invention 6;
Figure 10 is the profile of the solar thermal collector of embodiment of the present invention 7;
Figure 11 is the major part stereogram of the solar thermal collector of embodiment of the present invention 7;
Figure 12 is system's pie graph of the device of solar generating of embodiment of the present invention 8;
Figure 13 is the stereogram of the solar thermal collector of embodiment of the present invention 8;
Figure 14 is the planar circuit figure of the solar thermal collector of embodiment of the present invention 8;
Figure 15 is the planar circuit figure of the solar thermal collector of embodiment of the present invention 9;
Figure 16 is system's pie graph of the solar water heater of embodiment of the present invention 10;
Figure 17 is the planar circuit figure of the solar thermal collector of embodiment of the present invention 10;
Figure 18 is the orthogonal view of the heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 11;
Figure 19 is the sectional side view of the heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 11;
Figure 20 is the drawing in side sectional elevation of the heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 11;
Figure 21 is the drawing in side sectional elevation of the heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 12;
Figure 22 is the sectional side view of the heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 13;
Figure 23 is the orthogonal view of the heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 14;
Figure 24 is the sectional side view of the heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 14;
Figure 25 is the drawing in side sectional elevation of the heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 14;
Figure 26 is the orthogonal view of the heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 15;
Figure 27 is the orthogonal view of the heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 16;
Figure 28 is the stereogram of the solar thermal collector of conventional example;
Figure 29 is the planar circuit figure of the solar thermal collector of conventional example;
Figure 30 is the part sectioned view of the solar automatic tracking device of other conventional examples.
The specific embodiment
Below, the embodiment that present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying.In addition, the invention is not restricted to this embodiment.
(embodiment 1)
In Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Reference numeral 1 is the speculum of converge sunlight, forms parabolic shape for converge sunlight, and constituting with this parabola is the drowning cast of section.The speculum 1 of this drowning cast is extended at azimuth direction (east-west direction), constitute the assembly of a speculum 1.And speculum 1 is provided with a plurality of on North and South direction abreast.
Reflecting surface 2 for the reflectivity that improves sunshine to speculum 1 carries out minute surface fine finishining.The material that minute surface fine finishining has by constituting speculum 1 carries out methods such as plating, evaporation, grinding and coating.
The processing of speculum 1 have to heat stable resin (for example, phenolic resins, fluororesin, polyimide resin etc.) carry out moulding method, stainless steel is carried out methods such as the method for punch process and cast aluminium cast molding.In addition, also has method with the minute surface precision-machined plate bending of aluminium.
For example, during with speculum 1 moulding, utilizing plating (evaporation) aluminium or coating that minute surface is carried out fine finishining, form speculum 2 by heat stable resin.Particularly, when aluminium plating minute surface, use polyimide resin, polyphenylene sulfide or polyester (Port リ ス テ Le) resin, polyamide etc.
When stainless steel was carried out punch process, also grind by aluminium electroloysis or polishing grinding etc. formed minute surface.
Also carry out minute surface fine finishining during the cast aluminium cast molding, can prevent that oxidation after the cast aluminium cast-molding material grinds from applying the reflectivity that film causes and descending by plating etc.
The thermal-arrest portion 3 that is configured in the parabolic focus of each speculum 1 is made of pipes such as copper, stainless steel, brass, aluminium.And, along in each focus of the speculum 1 of upwardly extending a plurality of drowning casts between east and west and dispose.
The focus of paraboloidal speculum 1 is only aimed at the sunshine of a direction, therefore, for sunshine is focused in the thermal-arrest portion 3, need make the sunshine vertical irradiation to the speculum 1 of the cast that falls into water or sunshine is reflected with the suitable angular illumination parallel with the azimuth direction of the drowning cast face 2 that is reflected to speculum 1, and with same angle at the thermal-arrest portion 3 of the opposition side optically focused that rebounds.
For the characteristic with this paraboloidal speculum 1 matches, be set with: the drive division 4 that is used to make speculum 1 rotation around fixing thermal-arrest portion 3; The operating member 5 that a plurality of speculums 1 is rotated integratedly by this drive division 4 with same angle.
Described drive division 4 is with motor and gear or cam combination and constitutes, and the drive division action plate 6 that is installed on the axle is rotated, and described bar-shaped operating member 5 is installed on the part of this drive division action plate 6.
In addition, drive division 4 uses stepper motor, set angle freely.
Operating member 5 is bearing on the drive division operating member 6 by 7 of pins, can rotate freely, pushes, pulls action by the rotation of drive division action plate 6.
On the speculum action plate 8 of the drive division action plate 6 equal shapes that are provided with speculum 1 end, an end by 9 supportings of pin operating member 5, can similarly rotate freely with drive division action plate 6, with push, pull the action interlock by the rotation of drive division action plate 6 speculum action plate 8 is pushed, pulled, speculum 1 is that axle rotates with thermal-arrest portion 3.
On a plurality of speculums 1 speculum action plate 8 is set respectively, it carries out equal rotation integratedly by an operating member 5.
Speculum action plate 8 is fixed on any end face in the end face of installing on speculum 1 both ends 10 (end face 10 at two ends can).
10 pairs of end faces and speculum 1 equal material carries out surface treatment.On this end face 10, opening 11 is set and inserts thermal-arrest portion 3.Do not prolong the opening 11 of end face 10 contiguously and the bearing portion 12 of tubular is set, and around it, be provided with swivel bearing 13 with thermal-arrest portion 3.
Swivel bearing 13 uses ball bearing or non-contacting FDB.End in the swivel bearing 13 is fixed in the swivel bearing portion 14, and speculum 1 is not provided with thermal-arrest portion 3 is independent contiguously thus.
By the heat insulation tube 15 that ceramic material (silica, aluminium oxide etc.) forms, the heat of thermal-arrest portion 3 is transmitted in the installed inside of bearing portion 12 to swivel bearing 13 without bearing portion 12.Between thermal-arrest portion 3 and heat insulation tube 15, gap 16 is set, speculum 1 is rotated freely.
In addition, reflecting material 17 is arranged, will and strengthen the heat-proof quality of heat insulation tube 15 from the infrared reflection of thermal-arrest portion 3 in the installed inside of heat insulation tube 15.
Reflecting material 17 is by metal dust (for example silver, aluminium etc.), carbide powder (for example silicon nitride, carborundum etc.) and the metal oxide of infrared reflection composition (titanium oxide, tin oxide, antimony mix (De one Block) tin oxide, tin-doped indium oxide etc.), uses fluoride resin and is formed with deposited film on the surface of heat insulation tube 15.
In addition, reflecting material 17 is also installed aluminium mirror board etc. and has been carried out the metallic plate that grinds along heat insulation tube 15.
Be formed with selection absorbing film (not shown) on the surface of thermal-arrest portion 3.This selection absorbing film carries out the black chromium of black or does not have the plating processing of electrolytic nickel on the surface of thermal-arrest portion 3.
In addition, also can replace plating and apply the blacking of manganese class.
Reference numeral 18 is control parts of the action of control drive division 4, with the action in the sun stored in the microcomputer 1 year is benchmark and corresponding to the height of the sun in season or a day, make drive division 4 actions, and make operating member 5 action and make a plurality of speculums 1 rotations, become the maximum a plurality of speculums 1 of supporting to heavens corresponding to sun insolation at that time on the same day.
Thus, the sunshine of mirror 1 reflection that is reflected is that focus is concentrated with thermal-arrest portion 3, and the temperature of thermal-arrest portion 3 rises into high temperature.
Reference numeral 19 is thermophores of supplying with thermal-arrest portion 3 inside, uses the 134A or the carbon dioxide (CO of replacement fluorine Leon (HFC:Hydrogenerated Fluoro Carbon) 2).
Make the circulation of this thermophore 19 not be subjected to resistance ground that the external diameter of pipe of thermal-arrest portion 3 is dwindled formation, sunshine can be focused on thermal-arrest portion 3 morely.External diameter of pipe is more little, and optically focused is higher more than (the incident area of sunshine in the cast that falls into water, is the value of the A/F of speculum divided by the external diameter of pipe of focus divided by the value of focus area), makes thermal-arrest portion 3 become high temperature.
Reference numeral 20 is outer dresses of taking in a plurality of speculums 1, thermal-arrest portion 3, operating member 5 and drive division 4, constitutes the case shape that top is provided with the opening of transmissive body 21.
Adorn 20 outward by corrosivity little stainless steel or good resin material (for example mylar, the polycarbonate resin etc.) formation of durability.Adorn 20 inside outward and fill outer dress thermal insulation barriers 22 along the inwall of outer dress, make outer dress thermal insulation barriers 22 cover a plurality of speculums 1 or thermal-arrest portion 3 around.
Outer dress thermal insulation barriers 22 is made of the mineral wool of good heat resistance, mineral wool etc.Make the surface sclerosis of outer dress thermal insulation barriers 22, and constitute wall thus or utilize plate to strengthen inner face and constitute wall.
Adorn in 20 outside, focus configuration thermal-arrest portion 3 at a plurality of speculums 1, thermal-arrest portion 3 as with from outside adorn the pipe that these thermal-arrest inlet portion 23 one that 20 foreign sides are provided with are communicated with, in the inside of speculum 1 configured in parallel, outer bend and connection at speculum 1, whole structure for making a circulation is connected with the thermal-arrest export department 24 that adorns outward outside 20.
Transmissive body 21 is arranged on the top of a plurality of speculums 1, prevents that rainwater or dust from invading the inside of the speculum 1 that is used to obtain sunshine.Transmissive body 21 uses the high clear glass of transmissivity (transmissivity at sunshine of this clear glass is about 90%) for sunshine is passed through.
Outer dress thermal insulation barriers 22 is tilted towards this transmissive body 21 and expansion upward, make speculum obtain more sunshine corresponding to the height of the sun.
Reference numeral 25 expression heat collectors, it utilizes outer dress thermal insulation barriers 22 to surround a plurality of speculums 1 and the thermal-arrest portion 3 of also taking in, and by adorn 20 tops that constitute speculum 1 at transmissive body 21 openings outer.
Reference numeral 26 is circulating pumps of thermophore 19, the 27th, and the loop that thermophore 19 flows, the 28th, with the heat storage tank of accumulating from the heat of high temperature of thermophore 19.
Below action, the effect of the heat collector of above-mentioned formation described
At first, control part 18 makes circulating pump 26 action and heat carrier 19 is circulated in loop 27 and sends to heat collector 25.
At heat collector 25, corresponding with the altitude of the sun data on the same day of storage in the microcomputer of control part 18 etc., make drive division 4 rotations and make operating member 5 actions, speculum 1 is rotated around thermal-arrest portion 3 and make the position of sunshine towards vertical irradiation speculum 1.
For example, if the sun is in the due south, then sunshine from what angular illumination all meets at right angles with the reflecting surface 2 of speculum 1 on height, orientation, makes sunshine concentrate on thermal-arrest portion 3 and the temperature of thermal-arrest portion 3 is risen.
Even because the such different altitude of the sun of Fig. 2 (a) and (b), sunshine inject the direction difference, the rotation by speculum 1 also can make the sunshine vertical irradiation to speculum 1.
By being installed in the selection absorbing film on thermal-arrest portion 3 surfaces, thermal-arrest portion 3 can absorb about 90% sunshine, and the temperature of thermal-arrest portion 3 rises.
The thermophore 19 of giving this thermal-arrest portion 3 is sent to heat storage tank 28 after forming high-temperature fluid or steam (perhaps the mixture of liquid or liquid and steam etc.).
Accept this liquid or steam by heat storage tank 28 and accumulate heat about 200 ℃.
The liquid of thermophore 19 or steam condense and become liquid at heat storage tank 28.Be sent to heat collector 25 once more and be heated by circulating pump 26.
This action is carried out during can supplying with solar energy repeatedly, keeps necessary heat thus in heat storage tank 28.
At this moment, controller 18 momentarily makes speculum 1 action corresponding to the high action of the sun, even the sun changes the orientation from the due south, by control drive division 4, also can make speculum 1 sun-tracing light, and thermal-arrest portion 3 always is on the focus.
More than, in the present embodiment, comprising: a plurality of speculums 1, it is used for converge sunlight; Thermal-arrest portion 3, it is arranged on each of speculum 1; Swivel bearing portion 14, it is that pivot is fixed and supported around it in the mode that speculum 1 can rotate with thermal-arrest portion 3; Operating member 5, it moves a plurality of speculums 1 integratedly, and rotates to same direction along thermal-arrest portion 3 separately; Drive division 4, itself and operating member 5 link; Control part 18, it is used to control drive division 4; Adorn 20 outward, it is used to take in a plurality of speculums 1, thermal-arrest portion 3, operating member 5 and drive division 4, and therefore, speculum 1 self diminishes and rotating range also reduces, event can also reduce the short transverse of adorning 20 outward and constitute than unfertile land, can be used as roof spare and setting easily.
In addition, also play following effect.
(1) a plurality of speculums 1, thermal-arrest portion 3, operating member 5 and drive division 4 have been taken in 20 owing to adorning outside, so can reduce heat radiation and improve collecting efficiency.
(2) thermal-arrest portion 3 is in order to make thermophore 19 at internal circulation and the thermal-collecting tube of one is communicated with in a plurality of speculums 1 and disposes, thus, thermophore 19 is in the sunshine heating by being concentrated in the speculum 1 separately, so can be, and heat that obtains stipulating with the temperature maintenance of thermophore 19 at high temperature.
(3) thermal-arrest portion 3 is equipped with on the surface and absorbs ultrared selection absorbing film, thus, prevents the infrared emission from thermal-arrest portion 3, can be with the temperature maintenance of thermal-arrest portion 3 at high temperature, and effectively with this heat to thermophore 19 conduction.
(4) control part 18 is a benchmark and corresponding to the height of the sun in season or a day with the action in the sun 1 year, make drive division 4 actions and make operating member 5 actions rotate a plurality of speculums 1, shining upon during with the same day becomes maximum height and supports a plurality of speculums 1 accordingly, thus, the sunshine that the mirror 1 that is reflected reflects is that focus is concentrated with thermal-arrest portion 3, can make the temperature of thermal-arrest portion 3 rise into high temperature, and can use between long-term in 1 year, a plurality of times in one day bring the heat to thermophore 19 conduction high temperature.
(5) because speculum 1 is made of paraboloidal mirror,, can obtain the heat and the temperature of necessity by the low sunshine of energy density so can make sunshine concentrate on the focus of paraboloidal mirror.
(6), can make the temperature of thermal-arrest portion 3 rise into high temperature and its heat can be conducted effectively to thermophore 19 by thermal-arrest portion 3 being configured in the focus of the speculum 1 that constitutes by paraboloidal mirror.
(7) adorn 20 sides at a plurality of speculum 1 openings outside transmissive body 21 is installed, thus, rainwater or dust are not stacked into outer the dress in 20, can keep collecting efficiency for a long time well.
(8) owing to the installed inside in bearing portion 12 has the heat insulation tube 15 that is formed by ceramic material (silica, aluminium etc.), so the high temperature of thermal-arrest portion 3 is not passed to swivel bearing 13, the temperature that can prevent swivel bearing 13 rises, and can prevent the high temperature deterioration of swivel bearing 13.In addition, can prevent the radiation loss to swivel bearing 13 conduction from thermal-arrest portion 3.
(9) owing to reflecting material 17 is arranged, so can reflect from the infrared ray of thermal-arrest portion 3 and strengthen heat insulation 15 heat-proof quality in the installed inside of heat insulation tube 15.
(10) transmissive body 21 constitutes by having the diactinic hear resistance of rotation, resin material that durability is good (for example Merlon etc.), therefore, can carry out the lightness and the cost degradation of heat collector 25.
(11) speculum 1 is by using the speculum of compound parabolic concentrator (CPC:Compound ParabolicConcentrator), with respect to the regulation angle of inclination of sunshine (for example, the angle that the sun can be injected is as if being about 30 ° from zenith, and the optically focused ratio expands about 3 times to.If the angle that can inject narrows down to about 20 °, then the optically focused ratio expands about 7 times to.Because optically focused is bigger than more, sunshine is assembled more, so concentrated by the heat of thermal-arrest opening 3 irradiations, temperature rises.But, be that benchmark dwindles with the zenith if enlarge the angle that optically focused can inject than sunshine then, so increase, need consider this in optically focused time of light collecting part, restriction that place etc. is set.) can concentrate on thermal-arrest portion 3, therefore, can dwindle the scope that makes speculum 1 rotation or need not rotation with respect to the height of the sun, simplify by constituent part or control and seek cost and reduce.
(12) adorn 20 and inject and the little gas (for example krypton gas) of sealing thermal conductivity outward, therefore, prevent the cross-ventilation in the outer space of adorning the reached part that is used for speculum 1 in 20 and the heat radiation that causes in inside, thus can reduce from outside adorn 20 heat radiation and raising collecting efficiency.In addition,, improve the security of the thermal-arrest portion 3 of covering high-temperature, prevent the deterioration of outer dress thermal insulation barriers 22, can use for a long time by inert gas.
(13) heat collector 25 is fixed the short transverse of the sun and (being arranged on the North and South direction of a plurality of speculums 1 is alignd, for example, the sunshine vertical irradiation in the due south the when angle of inclination that stand is set is arranged to make equinox is to the angle of speculum 1), with respect to the action of the orientation of the sun and make a plurality of speculums 1 rotations, also can more sunshine be focused on thermal-arrest portion 3 thus by the action of the sun in a day.
(14) thermal-arrest portion 3 adorns the focus that in 20 thermal-arrest portion 3 is configured in a plurality of speculums 1 outside and outwards adorns and head is set 20 and is communicated with a plurality of thermal-arrest portion 3 from adorn thermal-arrest inlet portion 23 on 20 outside the outside is located at, dispose each thermal-arrest portion 3 abreast in the inside of speculum 1, outside at speculum 1 is connected with head, thermophore 19 is evenly shunted, be connected with the thermal-arrest export department 24 that adorns outward outside 20 with this structure, because, forming even temperature as heat collector 25 distributes, so can form heat insulation structural easily, improve heat-proof quality.
(embodiment 2)
Fig. 5 represents embodiment 2, to the structure mark prosign that carries out the effect action identical with embodiment 1 and specify the explanation of quoting embodiment 1.
Embodiment 2 is with embodiment 1 difference, is provided with the input part 29 of indicating at control part 18.
Carry out gantry tilt angle (the perhaps angle of inclination on roof) or the longitude that the place is set of heat collector 25 and the input of latitude by this input part 29.The master data that control part 18 will be imported with storage compares, and carries out the action corresponding programs with the angle of inclination of stand or the sun seen from the place that is provided with.
In above structure, when heat collector 25 is set, in order to reclaim sunshine most effectively, and the inclination that stand is set of decision heat collector 25 (consider the inclination on roof and the corresponding heat collector 25 that makes of sun due south height during with the Spring Equinox that the place is set (or Autumnal Equinox) in the face of sunshine).
If longitude that the place is set and latitude by input part 29 input heat collectors 25, or the inclination on input roof or consider the inclination on roof and import the angle of inclination (with equinox time altitude of the sun be the angle of benchmark) of regulation, then control part 18 is automatically judged and is controlled the rotation of a plurality of speculums 1, make speculum 1 towards the sun direction of light on this season same day that the place is set, always sunlight is heated thermophore 19 to thermal-arrest portion 3.
Therefore, no matter the whole nation where the place is provided with heat collector 25, can both obtain the best sunshine in this place.
In addition, in the present embodiment, owing to automatically control speculum 1 by control part 18, so even heat collector 25 is set on the stand of vertical wall or level, also can sun-tracing light and obtain the sunshine of the best in its place.
In addition, also can be from the correction on the input part 29 input sun action meteorologies of present embodiment or on the Northern Hemisphere, the change that the place is set in the Southern Hemisphere, no matter heat collector 25 can both easily be set thus in any corner in the world.
(embodiment 3)
Fig. 6 represents embodiment 3, specifies the explanation of quoting embodiment 1 for carrying out with the structure mark prosign of the same effect action of embodiment 1 and its.
Embodiment 3 is with the difference of embodiment 1, is provided with position detection part 30 in the inside of heat collector 25.
This position detection part 30 is made of inclination sensor (the liquid level gradient by inside is measured inclination) and GPS (global positioning system) function portion.Control part 18 will compare from the data of position test section 30 and the master data of storage, automatically carry out the action corresponding programs with the angle of inclination of stand or the sun seen from the place that is provided with.
In above structure, when heat collector 25 is set, the inclination on the roof of inclination that stand is set of instrumentation heat collector 25 automatically of the inclination sensor by position detection part 30 or setting, obtain its data, estimate poor with the angle of inclination of regulation (with equinox time altitude of the sun be the angle of benchmark) by control part 18, control the rotation of a plurality of speculums 1.
In addition, GPS function portion by position detection part 30 comes instrumentation that the longitude and the latitude in place are set, obtain its data, estimate it by control part 18 sun action (particularly altitude of the sun) in the place 1 year is set, make speculum 1 towards this season sun direction of light on the same day in place is set, sunshine is always converged to thermal-arrest portion 3, heating thermophore 19.
(embodiment 4)
Fig. 7 represents the heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 4 and the structure of solar energy Lan Ken system.
Reference numeral 25 is the heat collectors that obtain and reclaim solar energy, for the heat with this heat collector 25 is provided with the loop 27 (loop circuit) that circulating pump 26 is set midway to heat storage tank 28 conduction.
The thermophore 19 of circulation is made of replacement fluorine Leon or the such liquid of water in loop 25.In addition, thermophore 19 also uses the CO of supercriticality 2Or liquid air.
Thermophore 19 is heated and becomes steam and be sent to heat storage tank 28 by heat collector 25, therefore, condenses and becomes liquid by heat exchange.By circulating pump 26 this thermophore 19 is sent to heat collector 25 once more.By carrying out this action repeatedly heat is accumulated in the heat storage tank 28.
Heat storage tank 28 utilizes the latent heat type of phase change of the high melt and dissolved salt of melting point or the steam accumulator that uses the sensible heat type of melt and dissolved salt or wet goods or accumulate steam with the form of press water etc. to accumulate heat of high temperature more than 100 ° by use.
Reference numeral 31 be will utilize the steam of the thermophore 32 that forms of the heat of heat storage tank 28 supply with the supply pump of steam worm gear 33, be arranged on give heat storage tank 28 once more with the thermophore 32 of discharging from steam worm gear 33 loop 34 (loop circuit) midway.
The thermophore 32 of circulation is made of replacement fluorine Leon or such liquid and the steam thereof of water in this loop 34.In addition, thermophore 32 also uses the CO of supercriticality 2Or liquid air.
In addition, in the way of the steam worm gear 33 in loop 34 and supply pump 31, be provided with water storing tank 35, utilize the heat of steam worm gear 33 being given the high-temperature vapour behind the kinetic energy, with hot-water storage in water storing tank 35.
Thermophore 32 condenses to these water storing tank 35 conduction heats the time and becomes liquid, is sent to heat storage tank 28 once more and is heated the steam of formation thermophore 32.By carrying out this action repeatedly, generate electricity by the generator of being located on the steam worm gear 33 36, and with hot-water storage in water storing tank 35.
Be stored in the water storing tank 35 hot water by supply-water pump 37 supply with do hot water supply with or heating use.
Like this, constitute the solar energy Lan Ken system 38 that the heat utilize heat collector 25 to reclaim makes 33 rotations of steam worm gear, carry this system and combination and be used to supply with hot water or carry out the loop of heating and constitute cogeneration system 39.
In the cogeneration system about the solar energy Lan Ken system that is equipped with above formation, at first, in order to form the steam of the thermophore of supplying with to steam worm gear 33 32, and make circulating pump 26 actions and thermophore 19 is circulated in loop 27, be acquired heat collector 25 heating of solar energy, form the steam (perhaps liquid or steam and mixtures of liquids etc.) of high temperature, be sent to heat storage tank 28.
Obtain this steam at heat storage tank 28 and accumulate heat about 200 ℃.The steam of thermophore 19 becomes liquid in heat storage tank 28 aggegations, gives heat collector 25 once more by circulating pump 26 and is heated.
By this action is carried out repeatedly, can in heat storage tank 28, keep necessary heat during can supplying with solar energy.
If in heat storage tank 28, accumulate the heat of regulation, then make thermophore 32 circulations and in heat storage tank 28, forms thermophore 32 steams about 200 ℃, supply steam worm gear 33 by the circulating pump 31 that is provided with on the loop 34.Kinetic energy by this steam generates electricity generator 36 rotations.
The steam of the thermophore 32 of discharging from steam worm gear 33 is fed to water storing tank 35, carries out heat exchange with water, and its heat is stored in the water storing tank 35 as hot water.The steam of thermophore 32 condenses in water storing tank 35 and becomes liquid, gives heat storage tank 28 and be heated once more by supply pump 31 to form steam.
By carrying out this action repeatedly, in water storing tank 35, store hot water when generating electricity by steam worm gear 33, move at the necessary supply-water pump 37 that constantly makes of supplying with hot water or heating, constitute cogeneration system 39 by using hot water.
More than, in the present embodiment, comprising: a plurality of speculums 1, it is used for sunlight in heat collector 25; Thermal-arrest portion 3, it is arranged on each of speculum 1; Swivel bearing portion 14, it is that pivot is fixed and supported around it in the mode that speculum 1 can rotate with thermal-arrest portion 3; Operating member 5, it moves a plurality of speculums 1 integratedly, and rotates to same direction along thermal-arrest portion 3 separately; Drive division 4, itself and operating member 5 link; Control part 18, it is used to control drive division 4; Adorn 20 outward, it is used to take in a plurality of speculums 1, thermal-arrest portion 3, operating member 5 and drive division 4, therefore, speculum 1 self diminishes and rotating range also reduces, so following cogeneration system 39 can be provided, it will be adorned outward that 20 short transverse also reduces and constitute than unfertile land, can be used as roof spare and be provided with easily.In addition, also has following feature.
(1) a plurality of speculums 1, thermal-arrest portion 3, operating member 5 and drive division 4 have been taken in 20 owing to adorning outside, so can reduce heat radiation and improve collecting efficiency, the heating that can improve cogeneration system 39 necessary thermophores 19.
(2) owing to constitute independently thermal-arrest usefulness loop 27, can always accumulate with the solar energy that the action of steam worm gear 33 irrespectively obtains heat collector 25 and maintain in the heat storage tank 28, so take out the steam of the thermophore 32 of necessity can need to generate electricity the time at any time by steam worm gear 33.
(3) owing to can irrespectively the solar energy of heat collector 25 acquisitions always be accumulated with the action of steam worm gear 33 and maintain in the heat storage tank 28, so can be in 1 year the heat-collecting temperature of strong time (for example time-division in the Summer Solstice) at sunshine when rising, not generating electricity maybe will generate electricity suppresses hour, the superfluous heat that the steam that absorbs thermophore 19 by heat storage tank 28 has, therefore, the temperature anomaly that can prevent heat collector 25 rises.
(4) since in the loop 34 be provided with water storing tank 35 midway, so can irrespectively the heat of heat storage tank 28 be stored in the water storing tank 35 as hot water, can momentarily take out supply hot water or the necessary hot water of heating with generating.
(5) owing to utilizing solar energy to form the steam of thermophore 32 and 33 rotations of steam worm gear being generated electricity, so can realize generating electricity with supply with the cogeneration system 39 of hot water, heating, can apply flexibly the such natural energy resources of solar energy and obtain promoting saving the energy and reducing CO 2The effective ways of discharging.
(embodiment 5)
Fig. 8 is the heat collector of expression embodiment of the present invention 5 and the structure of solar energy Lan Ken system.
In loop 27 (loop circuit), directly give steam worm gear 33 with the steam of the thermophore 19 of heat collector 25 formation by circulating pump 26, make steam worm gear 33 rotation and generate electricity by generator 36, in addition, in the way of the steam worm gear 33 in loop 27 and circulating pump 26, water storing tank 35 is set, utilize to steam worm gear 33 give the high-temperature vapour behind the kinetic energy heat and with hot-water storage in water storing tank 35.
In above structure, thermophore 19 is sent to heat collector 25 once more and is heated the formation steam heat being condensed when this water storing tank 35 conducts and becoming liquid.Generate electricity by the generator of being located on the steam worm gear 33 36 by carrying out this action repeatedly, and with hot-water storage in water storing tank 35.The hot water that is stored in the water storing tank 35 is used as hot water supply by supply-water pump 37.
More than, in the present embodiment, because cogeneration system is oversimplified, so can seek the cost degradation of system.
In addition, since the solar energy that irrespectively heat collector 25 is obtained with the action of steam worm gear 33 always as hot-water storage in water storing tank 35, so can be in 1 year the heat-collecting temperature of strong time (for example time-division in the Summer Solstice) at sunshine when rising, not generating electricity maybe will generate electricity suppresses hour, the superfluous heat that the steam that absorbs thermophore 19 by water storing tank 35 has, therefore, the temperature anomaly that can prevent heat collector 25 rises.
(embodiment 6)
Fig. 9 represents the heat collector of embodiment of the present invention 6 and the structure of solar energy Lan Ken system.
The steam of the thermophore 19 that by circulating pump 26 heat collector 25 is formed in loop 27 (loop circuit) is directly given steam worm gear 33, makes 33 rotations of steam worm gear and only generates electricity by generator 36, and the electric power that generating produces charges to battery 40.Battery 40 is made of excide battery, Ni-MH battery, lithium ion battery, capacitor etc.
In above structure, the steam of thermophore 19 condenses after giving kinetic energy to steam worm gear 33 and becomes liquid, is given heat collector 25 once more and is heated the formation steam.By carrying out this action repeatedly, generate electricity by the generator 36 that is provided with on the steam worm gear 33.Generator 35 generating and the electric power that produces charges to battery 40, though at the heat-collecting temperature of heat collector 25 according to synoptic climate and counter changing also can access stable output when moving.
As mentioned above, in the present embodiment, owing to constitute the system that heat collector 25 and circulating pump 26 and steam worm gear 33 have been oversimplified, so be provided with easy and can realize cost degradation.
In addition, owing to accumulate the electric power that generating produces in the battery 40,, also can absorb, the running of heat collector 25 and steam worm gear 33 is continued, the raising ease of use by battery 40 so (for example time-division in the Summer Solstice) generated energy increases when sunshine is strong in 1 year.
As mentioned above, above-mentioned embodiment 1～embodiment 6 described heat collectors can prevent outer dress heat radiation, and can reclaim heat and carry out heat exchange effectively and heat thermophore from the low sunshine of energy density, so can be applicable to the hot water supply of dwelling house or the heater that is used to generate electricity.
(embodiment 7)
In Figure 10, Figure 11, Reference numeral 101 is speculums of assembling solar energy, and its shape is as follows: section form the quadratic surface shape that constitutes by parabola and with solar-energy collecting to thermal-arrest portion 102, and vertically constitute the cast that falls into water.That is, make the speculum 101 of this drowning cast go up extension and constitute a mirror unit at azimuth direction (east-west direction).
In order to improve and the reflecting surface 103 of speculum 101 is carried out minute surface fine finishining to the reflectivity of solar energy.The minute surface fine finishining of reflecting surface 103 forms the reflecting layer by the material that constitutes speculum 101 with methods such as plating, evaporation, grinding, coatings.
Methods such as the moulding that is processed with stable on heating resin (for example phenolic resins, fluororesin, polyimide resin) of speculum 101, stainless punch process, cast aluminium cast molding.
In addition, method with the minute surface precision-machined plate bending of aluminium is also arranged.For example,, by aluminize (evaporation) or coating etc. minute surface is being carried out fine finishining and forming reflecting surface 103 during by heat stable resin speculum 101 moulding.Especially, when minute surface is aluminized, use polyimide resin, polyphenylene sulfide or mylar, polyamide etc.
When stainless steel is carried out punch process, also form minute surface by aluminium electroloysis grinding or polishing grinding etc.Also carry out minute surface fine finishining by plating etc. in the moulding of cast aluminium casting, the decline of the reflectivity that film causes is applied in the oxidation after preventing to be ground by the cast aluminium cast-molding material.
Thermal-arrest portion 102 is configured on the parabolic focus of speculum 1, is made of pipe (copper pipe or stainless steel tube or brass tube or aluminum pipe etc.).
The focus of paraboloidal speculum 101 only is connected with the sunshine of a direction, therefore, needs the speculum 1 of the drowning cast of sunshine vertical irradiation in order to make solar energy concentrate on thermal-arrest portion 102.For characteristic, be provided with the rotary driving part 104 that is used to make the rotation around fixing thermal-arrest portion 102 of this speculum 101 corresponding to this parabolic mirror 101.
The drive division action plate rotation that rotary driving part 104 composition motors and gear or cam and making is installed on the axle, speculum 101 and this drive division action plate is integrated and itself and thermal-collecting tube 102 are rotated coaxially.In addition, rotary driving part 104 uses stepper motors and set angle freely.
Reference numeral the 105, the 106th increases and decreases the light income sensor of its output according to what of sun light quantity, is arranged on face perpendicular to the rotating shaft of rotary driving part 104, is the two ends of speculum 101, and the direction of these sensitive surfaces is outwards tilted.
In the present embodiment, with respect to perpendicular to the face of the rotating shaft of rotary driving part 104, be the parallel straight line of optical axis 107 of speculum 101, light income sensor 105 outward-dipping angle [alpha], light income sensor 106 outward-dipping angle betas.
In addition, be provided with the operational part 108 that the output to light income sensor 105,106 compares.The output valve of light income sensor 105,106 compared when the optical axis of 108 pairs of speculums 101 of operational part was consistent with solar direction, made this value equally rotate rotary driving part 104.
Be provided with storage control part 109, it is by the operating angle of operational part 108 storage rotary driving parts 104 rotations, and the described operating angle of calculating time per unit.This storage control part 109 makes rotary driving part 104 rotations in advance successively according to the described operating angle value of this time per unit, and the rotation of rotary driving part 104 is proofreaied and correct, so that the output valve of light income sensor 105,106 equates.
Reference numeral 110 is thermophores of supplying with thermal-arrest portion 102 inside, uses the 134a or the carbon dioxide (CO of replacement fluorine Leon (HFC:Hydrogenerated Fluoro Carbon) 2), perhaps use alcohol type.
Make the circulation of this thermophore 110 not be subjected to resistance ground to reduce the external diameter of pipe of thermal-arrest portion 102, make sunshine can concentrate on thermal-arrest portion 102 morely.External diameter of pipe is more little, and optically focused is higher more than (area of injecting of sunshine is the numerical value of the A/F of speculum divided by the external diameter of pipe of focus divided by the numerical value of focus area, in the cast that falls into water), can make thermal-arrest portion 102 become high temperature.
Be formed with selection absorbing film (not shown) on the surface of thermal-arrest portion 102.The plating of selecting absorbing film to carry out the black chromium of black on the surface of thermal-arrest portion 102 or not having an electrolytic nickel is handled and is obtained.Obviously, can replace plating and apply the blacking of manganese class.
Reference numeral 111 is outer dresses of taking in speculum 101 and thermal-arrest portion 102, is provided with transmissive body 112 on top.Adorning 111 outward is made of little stainless steel of corrosion or resin material (for example mylar, polycarbonate etc.) with durability.Adorn 111 inside outside and be filled with outer dress thermal insulation barriers 113.
Should constitute by stable on heating mineral wool, glass wool etc. by outer dress thermal insulation barriers 113, make its surface sclerosis, correspondingly constitute wall or strengthen inner face and constitute by plate.
On the top of speculum 101 transmissive body 112 is set, obtains sunshine and prevent rainwater or dust invades the inside of speculum 101, use the high clear glass of transmissivity (transmissivity at sunshine of such clear glass is about 90%) for sunshine is passed through.
Mode with expansion upward will reflect 101 towards these transmissive body 112 crooked formations, obtain more sunshine corresponding to the height of the sun.
Reference numeral 114 is circulating pumps of thermophore 110, the 115th, and the loop of thermophore 110 circulation, the 116th, accumulate the heat storage tank of the heat of high temperature of thermophore 110.
Below, its action of explanation, effect in said structure.
Make circulating pump 114 actions and thermophore 110 is circulated in loop 115, it is delivered to thermal-arrest portion 102.Sunshine be reflected mirror 101 reflecting surface 103 reflection and concentrate on thermal-arrest portion 102, its temperature is risen.By being installed in the selection absorbing film on thermal-arrest portion 102 surfaces, thermal-arrest portion 102 absorbs about 90% sunshine, and the temperature of thermal-arrest portion 102 rises.The thermophore 110 of delivering to thermal-arrest portion 102 forms high-temperature fluid or liquid (perhaps liquid or steam and mixtures of liquids etc.) and delivers to heat storage tank 116.
Obtain this liquid or steam at heat storage tank 116 and accumulate heat about 200 ℃.The liquid of thermophore 116 or steam condense at heat storage tank 116 and become liquid, are sent to thermal-arrest portion 102 once more and are heated by circulating pump 114.
By during can supplying with solar energy, carrying out this action repeatedly, the heat of necessity is accumulated in the heat storage tank 116.
The heat-collecting capacity of heat collector influences the light quantity of the sunshine of injecting speculum 101 significantly, and heat-collecting capacity maximum when the direction of speculum 101 is consistent with sun direction of light is when tilting, proportional with its projected area.
Therefore, supporting by rotary driving part 104, is pivot rotating mirror 101 to allow to thermal-arrest portion 102.And, on face, be provided with the direction that a plurality of light income sensor 105,106 changes its sensitive surfaces perpendicular to the rotating shaft of rotary driving part 104, therefore, change separately output valve according to the direction of the sun.
Therefore, can differentiate the direction and the solar direction of heat collector, can make heat collector over against the sun, can make heat-collecting capacity maximum and improve the efficient of solar thermal collector by rotating mirror 101.
That is, sunshine be reflected mirror 101 primary events or repeatedly reflection and absorbed by the surface of thermal-arrest portion 102 and convert heat energy to are with thermophore 110 heating of thermophore pipe arrangement and its temperature is risen.
This heat is owing to increasing and decreasing according to the light quantity of injecting the sunshine of speculum 110, so speculum 101, can access maximum heat always over against the sun.
The sun is according to season and time changing its height and direction.Therefore, a plurality of light that are subjected to are set on the face vertical with rotating shaft AmountSensor 105,106, and make angle difference tilt alpha, the β of the direction of sensitive surface with respect to rotating shaft, so on perpendicular to the face of rotating shaft, can differentiate the direction of the sun and the direction of speculum 101.
The output of light income sensor 105,106 changes according to the direction skew of the sun, and when solar direction was consistent with the sensitive surface direction, output was maximum.
Therefore, because the size variation of the output valve of a plurality of light income sensors 105,106 that are provided with respect to the inclined light shaft of speculum 101, so can determine the direction of the sun with respect to speculum 101.
As a result, speculum 101 can be always towards sun action, can make heat collector over against the sun, so can make the heat-collecting capacity maximum and improve the efficient of solar thermal collector.
In addition, because the optically focused amount increases and can heat thermophore 110 more, so can improve the temperature of thermophore 110 and make its outlet temperature rising.Thus, can utilize augmented performance, can seek the reduction of cost by the simplification of constitutional detail or control with solar thermal collector miniaturization or simplification.
The output valve of light income sensor 105,106 compared and makes its value equally rotate rotary driving part 104 when the optical axis of 108 pairs of speculums 101 of operational part was consistent with solar direction, thus, can the value of the output size of light income sensor 105,106 be compared, can determine the direction of the sun exactly.
That is, the sensitive surface direction by making light income sensor 105,106 is with respect to the inclined light shaft of speculum 101, and when the optical axis of speculum 1 was consistent with solar direction, the sensitive surface and the solar direction of light income sensor 105,106 were obliquely installed.Therefore, the output size of light income sensor 105,106 is corresponding to its gradient.
Thus, the position relation of the light income sensor 105,106 and the sun is fixing, judge that the position of the sun and speculum 101 concerns.Rotate rotary driving part 104 by changing, can make speculum 101 successively towards the sun according to this.
In addition, speculum 101 forms the quadratic surface that the parabola by the cast that falls into water constitutes, the sensitive surface direction of a plurality of light income sensors 105,106 constitutes (α=β) for example with respect to this parabolical axle equal angles ground expansion, thus, can by the reliable in action of a direction make speculum 1 consistent with solar direction.That is, the quadratic surface that constitutes by the parabola that speculum 101 is formed by the cast that falls into water is that the downpipe direction is when tilting to inject, Yi Bian reflect the thermal-arrest portion 102 that arrives obliquely in speculum 101 at the sun with respect to parabolical axial right angle orientation.
Therefore, align with parabolical axle by making solar direction, can make the sun and speculum over against, make tracking simple in structure.
In addition, the sensitive surface direction of light income sensor 105,106 is with respect to this parabolical axle equal angles ground expansion and constitute, and speculum 101 and light income sensor 105,106 are positioned on the direction of the sun with appropriate intervals thus.The output of light income sensor 105,106 increases and decreases according to the angle with solar direction, and therefore, the moment that light income sensor 105 is identical with the output of light income sensor 106 is the parabolical axle moment consistent with solar direction.Like this, always judge the position relation of the sun and speculum 101, can make speculum 101 always towards the sun by rotation rotary driving part 104.
In addition, at operating angle that rotary driving part 104 is rotated and the storage control part 109 that calculates the operating angle of time per unit, according to the described operating angle value of this time per unit and rotate rotary driving part 104 in advance successively, and the rotation to rotary driving part 104 is proofreaied and correct, so that the output valve of light income sensor 105,106 equates.
Thus, and meanwhile successively the direction of sun-tracing reduce the rotary power of rotary driving part 104.Promptly, the action of the sun is shown certain speed greatly and is carried out in one day, so can be made the action angle changing of rotary driving part 104 rotations corresponding to the action of the sun and inferred Next roughly actuating quantity and controlled by the variation of time per unit by operational part 108 storages.
Therefore, by carrying out inching, speculum 101 is alignd exactly with the sun by the output valve of light income sensor 105,106.Therefore, can reduce the spinning movement of rotary driving part 104 and improve the reliability of following the trail of action, reduce and follow the trail of power.
In addition, in the present embodiment, speculum 101, thermal-arrest portion 102 only are one, but when a plurality of speculums 101 are set, thermal-arrest portion 102 is in order to make thermophore 110 at internal circulation and the thermal-collecting tube of one is communicated with configuration (not shown) in a plurality of speculums, thus, thermophore 110 is in the sunshine heating by being concentrated in the speculum 101 separately, so the heat that the temperature maintenance of thermophore also can be obtained stipulating at high temperature.
In addition, thermal-arrest portion 102 is by installing the ultrared selection absorbing film of absorption that is made of the hear resistance with selective transmission performance, resin material that durability is good (for example Merlon etc.) on the surface, can prevent from the infrared emission of thermal-arrest portion 102 and can be with the temperature maintenance of thermal-arrest portion 103 at high temperature, its heat can be conducted effectively to thermophore 110, and can carry out lightness and cost degradation.
In addition, adorn 111 outward and seal, inject in inside and be sealed with the little gas of thermal conductivity (for example krypton gas) by transmissive body 112.Thus, can reduce the outer cross-ventilation heat of adorning in 111 significantly and transmit the heat radiation that causes, and can reduce from outside adorn 111 heat radiation, improve collecting efficiency.
And, adorn 111 outward and make rainwater or dust not be deposited in outer the dress in 111 by a side that transmissive body 112 is installed in speculum 101 openings, can the good collecting efficiency of long term maintenance.And the security of the thermal-arrest portion 102 of raising covering high-temperature prevents the deterioration of outer dress thermal insulation barriers 113, can use for a long time.
In addition, the light income number of sensors is expressed as two in the present embodiment, but its number can for example be 4,6 for a plurality of.The light income number of sensors is many more, controls meticulously more, can seek the raising of reliability.In addition, the position of light income sensor also can closely be provided with as long as keep the angle of sensitive surface not at the two ends of speculum 101, then can obtain identical performance, easily light income sensor one is installed, and can realize cost degradation.
More than, the heat collector sun-tracing light of embodiment 7 is so that speculum always over against sunshine, reclaims heat and carries out effective heat exchange from the low sunshine of energy density, thermophore can be heated, therefore can be applicable to the hot water supply of dwelling house or the heater of generating usefulness.
Below, with reference to the description of drawings embodiments of the present invention.
(embodiment 8)
Device of solar generating shown in Figure 12 comprises: solar thermal collector 221, and its power conversion that will have sunshine becomes heat and heats thermophore; Generator 222, its power conversion that thermophore had with HTHP becomes kinetic energy and takes out, and generates electricity; Radiator 223, it is to dispelling the heat by the heat that thermophore had behind this generator 222; The force (forcing) pump 224 that thermophore is pressurizeed, the pipe arrangement by the circulation thermophore connects into ring-type with them and constitutes.
Pressurize by 224 pairs of thermophores of force (forcing) pump, heat, make thermophore become HTHP, its energy is taken out as electric energy, form the orchid of dispelling the heat and agree circulation by radiator 223 by generator 222 by solar thermal collector 221.
As the willing action thermophore that circulates of the orchid of this device, use R134a.Operating condition as circulation pressurizes to R134a in force (forcing) pump 224, forms the high pressure of about 2MPa and sends to solar thermal collector 221.
And, be heated to about 160 ℃ by solar thermal collector 221.The state of R134a after flowing out from turbine becomes about 100 ℃ gas.The heat that uses this R134a to have carries out the gas heat radiation of this high temperature at radiator 223.
Radiator 223 is connected with the feed pipe 225 of supplying with water, by the R134a that flows through radiator 223 water is heated.Heated water is the temperature about 60～90 ℃, supplies with by hot water supply pipe 226 as hot water.
The pressurization of force (forcing) pump 224 is following to be carried out: if R134a is a liquid, then Volume Changes is little, and little the getting final product of energy of pressurizeing required so make the temperature of R134a be reduced to promptly about 20 ℃ of supply water temperatures, makes it become liquid ground and dispelled the heat by radiator 223.
Electricity with the cogeneration system of heat is: by continuing to carry out such circulation, convert the part of the solar energy that obtains to electric energy, and as heat energy utilization in hot water supply.
Figure 13,14 represents the structure of described solar thermal collector 221, and the basic structure of this solar thermal collector at first is described.With the compound parabolic is section, config set heat pipe 228 on the focus of the condenser mirror 227 that the cast ground two dimension of falling into water constitutes and constitute thermal-arrest portion 229, then, with a plurality of configurations of thermal-arrest portion 229 arrangements of such structure.
The daylighting face of described condenser mirror 227 is light transmission bodies 230, and the housing 231 that other parts are had the thermal insulation layer of thermal insulation barriers formation respectively covers.
The surface of condenser mirror 227 is the deposited high reflective coating of spin coating for reflected sunlight, will reflect to the thermal-collecting tube 228 that is disposed at its focus effectively from the sunshine that peristome is injected.In addition, these matrix materials are the lower resin of thermal conductivity.
Thermal-collecting tube 228 is a hollow tube, and its internal circulation has thermophore, in its surface applied sunshine absorptivity height and the low selection absorbing film of emissivity is arranged.
Light transmission body 230 both can obtain sunshine effectively and also the heat of thermal-arrest can have been cut off with outside, so can be by the transmission sunshine, the glass material that is difficult to the infrared wavelength that transmission radiates from thermal-collecting tube 228 constitutes.
And, be connected with thermophore inlet 232 at thermal-collecting tube 228 downsides of the thermal-arrest portion 229 of the rightmost side, be connected with the upside of the thermal-collecting tube 228 of the thermal-arrest portion 229 of the leftmost side by the upside of thermophore pipe arrangement 233 thermal-collecting tube 228 of this thermal-arrest portion 229.
By thermophore pipe arrangement 233 downside of the thermal-collecting tube 228 of the thermal-arrest portion 229 of the described leftmost side is connected with downside from the thermal-collecting tube 228 of second thermal-arrest portion 229 of right-hand component.Like this, alternately connect thermal-collecting tube 228 by thermophore pipe arrangement about 233 successively with thermal-arrest portion 229 since the outside of seven thermal-arrest portions 229, and the upside at the thermal-collecting tube 228 of the thermal-arrest portion 229 of central authorities connects thermophore outlet 234, constitutes the stream that a thermophore circulates.
When like this thermal-arrest portion 229 of the highest temperature being formed on the inboard of solar thermal collector 221 and being configured in central part, make lowest temperature, be positioned at outermost with the thermophore inlet 232 thermal-arrest portions 229 that are connected, connect other the thermal-arrest portion 229 that comprises above-mentioned thermal-arrest portion successively from the outside.
Action, effect during to the thermal-arrest of the solar thermal collector 201 of said structure describe.
From light transmission body 230 obtain sunshine and in separately thermal-arrest portion 229 by condenser mirror 227 these sunshines of reflection and converge to thermal-collecting tube 228.Surface by thermal-collecting tube 228 absorbs sunshine and converts heat to.By the thermophore of this heat heating at thermal-collecting tube 228 internal circulations.Like this, the power conversion that sunshine light is had becomes heat and thermophore is heated.
At this moment, thermophore during by thermal-collecting tube 228 by about 20 ℃ of about 160 ℃ of being heated to outlet from the inlet of solar thermal collector.Thus, near the temperature of thermal-collecting tube 228 the inlet is low to moderate about 20 ℃, about near the temperature height to 160 of the thermal-collecting tube 228 the outlet ℃.
Because thermal-collecting tube 228 self is not exposed in the ambient atmos, though so be not directly to dispel the heat to ambient atmos, but the air themperature by the Temperature Influence periphery of thermal-collecting tube 228 also raises, and increases to the housing 231 of ingress of air or light transmission body 230 conduction and to the heat that the outside sheds.
In said structure, by being configured in the center of solar thermal collector 221 with the thermophore outlet 234 thermal-arrest portions 229 that are connected of high temperature, from the thermal-arrest portion 229 at this center, the effect of thermal insulation layer is played by other thermal-arrest portions 229, can reduce from the heat radiation of center thermal-arrest portion 229.In addition, be configured in outermost by the thermal-arrest portion 229 that will connect thermophore inlet 232, thermal-arrest portion 229 that can temperature is minimum is configured in the position nearest apart from ambient atmos.
With the parts of the temperature difference minimum of ambient atmos is the thermal-arrest portion 229 that is connected this thermophore inlet 332, by this thermal-arrest portion 229 is configured in outermost, can reduce that this part produces, from the heat radiation of solar thermal collector 221 to the outside.
In addition,, the mutual temperature difference of adjacent thermal-arrest portion 229 can be reduced as much as possible, the amount of movement of the heat between each thermal-arrest portion 229 can be reduced by be connected to the thermal-arrest portion 229 at the center of being disposed at successively from the outermost thermal-arrest portion 229 that connects thermophore inlet 232.
As a whole, by reducing the amount of movement to the heat of outside from the highest temperature thermal-arrest portion 229 of the connection thermophore outlet at the center of being disposed at, can reduce as the heat dissipation capacity of solar thermal collector 221 to the outside, and can reduce from the heat dissipation capacity of the thermal-arrest portion 229 of the highest temperature, can improve the temperature of the thermophore of this thermal-arrest portion heating.
Like this, according to embodiment 8, thermophore outlet 234 is connected with the thermal-arrest portion 229 that is disposed at solar thermal collector 221 centers, thermophore inlet 232 is connected with outermost thermal-arrest portion 229, begin to connect successively to comprise above-mentioned two thermal-arrest portions from the thermal-arrest portion 229 that connects the thermophore inlet in interior thermal-arrest portion 229, thus, can reduce from the heat radiation of solar thermal collector 221 and the temperature that thermophore can be exported the thermophore at 234 places remaining on high temperature, so can form collecting efficiency height, solar thermal collector 221 that the thermophore heating-up temperature is high.And, can form the high device of solar generating of capacity usage ratio by using this solar thermal collector 221.
In addition, operating condition, thermophore, material etc. are an example.For example, though thermophore adopts R134a, but by using postcritical carbon dioxide, can carry out effective thermal-arrest by the big supercritical fluid of density, in addition, even just in case thermophore when atmosphere is emitted, also can form the ozone layer destroying coefficient is 0, warmization coefficient is the minimum device of 1 such carrying capacity of environment.
(embodiment 9)
The solar thermal collector and the embodiment 8 of embodiment 9 shown in Figure 15 are same, and the thermal-arrest portion 229 that connects the highest temperature of thermophore outlet 234 is configured in the center, and the thermal-arrest portion 229 that connects the lowest temperature of thermophore inlet 232 is configured in outermost.
Different is the order of connection of the thermophore pipe arrangement of these thermal-arrest portions 229.Promptly, the upside that will connect the rightmost side thermal-arrest portion 229 of thermophore inlet 232 by thermophore pipe arrangement 233 is connected with the upside of the thermal-arrest portion 229 of the leftmost side, and the downside connection of second thermal-arrest portion 229 of left-hand digit that the downside of the thermal-arrest portion 229 of the leftmost side is adjacent.
Like this, when upside connects, with about the thermal-arrest portion 229 of separation interconnect, and when downside connects, be connected with the thermal-arrest portion 229 of adjacent inboard, form the stream of thermophore thus.Can shorten the thermophore pipe arrangement 233 of downside by such connection, can reduce the required space of thermophore pipe arrangement 233 of this part, and can reduce useless heat radiation from this part.Even under the situation that forms such connection, also can guarantee the less temperature difference between the adjacent thermal-arrest portion 229.
Thus, according to embodiment 9, the connection of 232 pairs of thermal-arrest portions 229 of thermophore pipe arrangement is following to be carried out: in a side adjacent thermal-arrest portion 229 is connected, at opposition side the thermal-arrest portion 229 that separates is connected, thus, the part that can shorten thermophore pipe arrangement 223 connections of a side forms small-sized structure, and can reduce the useless heat radiation of this part, forms the solar thermal collector of excellent in efficiency.
(embodiment 10)
Figure 16,17 expression solar water heaters, the thermophore of heating is a water in solar thermal collector 221.In addition, mark same Reference numeral for the structure with embodiment 8,9 same functions, the explanation of embodiment 8,9 is quoted in its detailed description.
In the present embodiment, have the water storing tank 235 stored of water that is used for heating, deliver to solar thermal collector 221 and, make it from its underpart Jiang Shui, in water storing tank 235, supply water to top of water storing tank 235 circulation by solar energy heating by circulating pump 236.
In addition, connect feed pipe 225, connect hot water supply pipe 226 on top, when hot water supply, the hot water thermotropism water supplying pipe 226 in the water storing tank 235 is sent out supply hot water with the hydraulic pressure of feed pipe 225 in the bottom of water storing tank 235.
Become following hot-water storage type and supply with machine: daytime, when solar light irradiation by adding hot water by solar heat collection device 221 with hot-water storage in water storing tank 234, when needs are supplied with hot water, utilize the hot water of its storage to supply with hot water.
And the solar thermal collector 221 and embodiment 8,9 differences of present embodiment are the stream of thermophore is formed two.That is, branch into two, it is connected with the outermost thermal-arrest in left and right sides portion 229 respectively from thermophore inlet 232 streams with thermophore.And, on each thermophore stream, connect adjacent thermal-arrest portion 229 successively from the outside by thermophore pipe arrangement 233.The outlet of two thermal-arrest portions 229 of solar thermal collector 221 central authorities is collaborated in thermophore outlet 234.
In the solar water heater that constitutes like this, by obtaining sunshine by solar thermal collector 211 and heating water in the water storing tank 235, its temperature is raise, become about 60～90 ℃ hot water.At this moment, the entrance side of solar water heater 221, the outermost thermal-collecting tube 228 in the left and right sides are approximately water temperature, two outlets that are in central authorities from thermal-collecting tube 228 become about 60～90 ℃ high temperature, produce the temperature difference at the upstream and downstream of thermal-collecting tube 228.
Therefore, the temperature that contains thermal-arrest portion 229 integral body of thermal-collecting tube 228 also produces the temperature difference at upstream and downstream.Obviously, it is the highest in the temperature of interior thermal-arrest portion 229 to contain the minimum downstream thermal-collecting tube 228 of temperature.
Because the thermal-arrest portion 229 in this downstream becomes big with the outside temperature difference, so become the most unfavorable by radiating surface, be configured in the most inboard of solar thermal collector 221 by thermal-arrest portion 229 with these highest temperatures, thermal-arrest portion 229 from this center, the effect of thermal insulation layer is played by other thermal-arrest portion 229, can reduce from the heat radiation of the thermal-arrest portion 229 at center, and can make its temperature become high temperature.
In addition, owing to make the stream of thermophore become two and the thermal-arrest portion 229 that makes the highest temperature, so a side that can be not contact with each other to the thermal-arrest portion 229 of the highest temperature is dispelled the heat mutually in the contact of the centers of solar thermal collector 221.
In addition, will apart from thermophore enter the mouth 232 recently and the minimum thermal-arrest portion 229 of temperature be configured on the nearest position of the outermost ambient atmos of distance.With the parts of the temperature difference minimum of ambient atmos be that the stream of thermophore is two apart from this thermophore 232 nearest thermal-arrest portions 229 that enter the mouth.By this thermal-arrest portion 229 being configured in the outermost of both sides, reduce the temperature difference in the both sides and the outside of solar thermal collector 221 as far as possible, can reduce the heat radiation of solar thermal collector 221 to the outside.
And, by be connected to the thermal-arrest portion 229 at the center of being disposed at successively from the outermost thermal-arrest portion 229 that connects thermophore inlet 232 always, can reduce as far as possible adjacent thermal-arrest portion 229 each other the temperature difference and can reduce the amount of movement of the heat between each thermal-arrest portion 229.
As a whole, by reducing from connecting the amount of movement of thermophore highest temperature thermal-arrest portion 229 outlet, that be disposed at the center to the heat of outside, can reduce heat dissipation capacity to the outside as solar thermal collector 221, and can make heat radiation reduction, improve the temperature of the thermophore of this thermal-arrest portion heating from the thermal-arrest portion 229 of the highest temperature.
More than, according to embodiment 10, be branched off into two by stream with thermophore, with outermost thermal-arrest portion 229 as the minimum thermal-arrest portion 229 of temperature, make the configuration that contacts with each other of the highest thermal-arrest portion 229 of temperature the most inboard, article two, the stream of thermophore all connects successively to the inside from the thermal-arrest portion 229 in separately the outside, thus, inhibition is from the heat radiation to other parts of the thermal-arrest portion 229 of the highest temperature, and suppress from of the heat radiation self of solar thermal collector 221 integral body to the outside, so can constitute the heating-up temperature that improves thermophore and reduce radiation loss, improve the solar energy heat exchanger 221 of collecting efficiency.
By using this solar thermal collector 221 can form the high solar water heater of capacity usage ratio.In addition,, can improve the thermal storage density of high-temperature water, can store more high-temperature water by little water storing tank 235 to water storing tank 235 by improving the heating-up temperature of solar thermal collector 221.
In addition, the heat collector shown in the above-mentioned embodiment 1,2,3,7 can be applicable to such solar water heater.
In addition, the invention is not restricted to above-mentioned embodiment, especially an example only such as the material of Zhuan Zhi operating condition and each structural element can be carried out various distortion or correction without departing from the scope of the invention.
More than, the heat collector of embodiment 8～embodiment 10 record can reduce radiation loss, and can improve collecting efficiency by suppressing the heat radiation to the outside from the thermal-arrest portion of high temperature.Such structure also can be used in the equipment of solar energy to the thermophore heating that utilizes beyond embodiment cited device of solar generating or apparatus for heating water by solar energy.For example, can be applicable to as the evaporimeter of freeze cycle or heat pump and use the air-conditioning of solar thermal collector or heat pump hot water machine etc.
(embodiment 11)
In above-mentioned embodiment 1～10, speculum adopts following structure: section is formed the quadratic surface shape and heat is converged to thermal-arrest portion, and vertically constitute the cast that falls into water.In the following embodiments, as reflecting part, use the speculum of the compound parabolic concentrator (CPC:Compound parabolic concentrator) that utilizes cubic surface.
Heat collector with reference to Figure 18～20 explanations the 11 embodiment.
In Figure 18～Figure 20, Reference numeral 301 is the thermal-arrest portions that assemble solar energy, and the thermal-arrest opening 303 of the solar energy that this reflecting part 302 of reflecting part of being assembled by reflected solar energy 302 and irradiation is assembled constitutes.
In order to assemble solar energy, the shape of reflecting part 302 adopts the speculum of compound parabolic concentrator (CPC:Compound parabolic concentrator).CPC is corresponding in 1 year and the action of the sun in a day (height and orientation) and set solar energy for inject angle and the light harvesting optimum value than (entering the aperture area of the aperture area/thermal-arrest opening 303 of the solar heat ray of thermal-arrest portion 301).
For example, if the angle that solar energy can be injected is from about 30 ° in sky, then light harvesting is than expanding about 3 times thermal-arrest to, if the angle that can inject narrows down to about 20 °, then the light harvesting ratio expands about 7 times to.Because light harvesting is bigger than more, solar energy is assembled more, so increase at the heat of thermal-arrest opening 303 irradiations, temperature rises.
But, because light harvesting is that benchmark dwindles with the sky than enlarging the angle that solar energy then can inject, thus thermal-arrest time of thermal-arrest portion, place etc. is set the restriction change many, need consider this.
Thermal-arrest portion 301 can be provided with a plurality of, and the design size of this moment is a similar shape.No matter with how a plurality of arrangements of trickle thermal-arrest portion 301, can both guarantee certain light harvesting than and incident angle.With light harvesting than and when injecting the angle optimization, the cup-shaped that CPC is formed three-dimensional (3D) is for effectively.
For the reflectivity that improves solar energy reflecting part 302 is carried out minute surface fine finishining.The minute surface fine finishining of this reflecting part 302 has following method: carry out plating, evaporation, grinding, coating etc. by the material that constitutes speculum 101.
Methods such as the moulding that is processed with heat-resisting resin (for example phenolic resins, fluororesin, polyimide resin) of thermal-arrest portion 301, stainless punch process, cast aluminium cast molding.
In addition, method with the bending of aluminium precision-machined plate is also arranged.For example, by heat stable resin during, by aluminize (evaporation) or coating etc. minute surface is polished and to form reflecting part 302 301 moulding of thermal-arrest portion.
Especially, when minute surface is aluminized, use polyimide resin, polyphenylene sulfide or mylar, polyamide etc.
In addition, when stainless steel was carried out punch process, also ground by aluminium electroloysis or polishing grinding etc. formed minute surface.In the moulding of cast aluminium casting, also carry out minute surface fine finishining, the decline of the reflectivity that the oxide-film after preventing to be ground by the cast aluminium cast-molding material causes by plating etc.
Air layer is filled and is not formed in the gap 304 that a plurality of thermal-arrest portion 301 is constituted by thermal insulation barriers 305.
Described thermal insulation barriers 305 is formed by heat-resisting resin material (for example phenolic resins, fluororesin etc.) or ceramic material (silica, aluminium oxide etc.).In addition,, fill the gap of each thermal-arrest portion and form with a plurality of thermal-arrest portion 301 when one-body molded by resin by this resin material.
Reference numeral 306 is heat exchangers of being located at thermal-arrest portion 301 belows, in thermal-arrest opening 303 sides of thermal-arrest portion 301 flat heated sheet 307 is set, and constitutes the access panels 308 that engages with this heated sheet 307 in its underpart.
Described heated sheet 307 and access panels 308 are formed by thermal conductivity big copper coin or aluminium sheet, with weld, high-temperature soldering, injection waterproof pointing and, thermophore 9 is not leaked with the sealing of methods such as end riveted joint.
308 pairs of dull and stereotyped punch process of access panels and be provided with concavo-convexly together form thermophore path 310 with flat heated sheet 307.The inlet tube 311 and the outlet 312 of thermophore 309 are communicated with.
Access panels 308 is processed into crooked circuitous shape with concavo-convex shape, with the thermophore path 310 of one along heated sheet 307 draw around.The section shape of thermophore path 310 forms flat, and to eliminate the gap of heated sheet 307 and access panels 308, the area that the inwall of increase thermophore 309 and heated sheet 307 contacts promotes heat exchange.
Thermophore 309 uses 134A or the carbon dioxide (C0 that replaces freon (HFC:Hydrogenerated Fluoro Carbon) 2).
Be equipped with on the surface that the thermal-arrest opening 303 from heated sheet 307 obtains a side of solar light irradiation and be used to absorbing solar energy and prevent the selection absorbing film 313 of heat from heated sheet 307 radiation.
Selecting absorbing film 313 to handle by the plating that carries out the black chromium of black on the surface of heated sheet 307 or do not have an electrolytic nickel constitutes.In addition, also can replace plating and apply the blacking of manganese class.
Stable on heating heat shield 314 is installed between thermal-arrest portion 301 and heated sheet 307, and (when for example forming the part at edge of thermal-arrest opening 303 or thermal-arrest portion 301 by resin etc. the part at its end or be filled into each thermal-arrest portion 301 thermal insulation barriers 305 on every side etc.) directly do not contact with heated sheet 307 so that the component part around the thermal-arrest opening 303 of thermal-arrest portion 301.
Heat shield 314 is formed by resin material (for example phenolic resins, fluororesin etc.) or ceramic material (silica, aluminium oxide etc.), the opening bigger than thermal-arrest opening 303 is set, to the surface irradiation sun of heated sheet 307.
Reference numeral 315 is transmissive bodies of being located at the top of thermal-arrest portion 301, obtains solar energy and prevents rainwater or the inside of dust intrusion thermal-arrest portion 301.
This transmissive body 315 adopts the big clear glass of transmissivity (transmissivity at sunshine of such clear glass is about 90%) in order to make the sunshine transmission.
Stable on heating heat absorbing sheet 316 is installed between thermal-arrest portion 301 and transmissive body 315, and (part on the top when for example the marginal portion of opening or thermal-arrest portion 301 are formed by resin etc. etc.) do not contact with transmissive body 315 so that the surrounding structure of the upper opening of thermal-arrest portion 301 part part.
Selection absorbing film 313 identical materials few of the black of heat absorbing sheet 316 plating on big copper of thermal conductivity or aluminium sheet or grey with reflection, prevent that solar energy from reflecting to transmissive body 315 from the component part on every side of the upper opening part of thermal-arrest portion 301, makes heat be trapped in the below of transmissive body 315.
Reference numeral 317 is to take in thermal-arrest portion 301 or heat exchanger 306 and adorn outside top is provided with the box of opening of transmissive body 315, is made of little stainless steel of corrosivity or resin material (for example alkyd resin, polycarbonate resin etc.) with durability.
Adorn outside 317 inside be filled with cover a plurality of thermal-arrest portions 301 or heat exchanger 306 around outer dress thermal insulation barriers 318.Outer dress thermal insulation barriers 318 is made of stable on heating mineral wool, glass wool etc.
Reference numeral 319 is heat collectors, and it surrounds and take in the heat exchanger 306 that constitutes with a plurality of thermal-arrest portion 310 one by outer dress thermal insulation barriers 318, and by adorn 317 tops that constitute thermal-arrest portions 301 at transmissive body 315 upper sheds outer.
Reference numeral 320 is circulating pumps of thermophore 309, the 321st, and the loop that thermophore 309 flows, the 322nd, accumulate heat storage tank from the heat of high temperature of thermophore 309.
Below, action, the effect of the heat collector of above structure are described.
At first, make circulating pump 320 actions and thermophore 309 is circulated in loop 321, it is delivered to heat collector 319.In heat collector 319, sunshine is by 302 reflections of CPC reflecting part and the convergence of thermal-arrest portion 301, from heated sheet 307 irradiations of thermal-arrest opening 303 heat exchanger 306.By being installed in the selection absorbing film 313 on heated sheet 307 surfaces, about 90% solar energy is absorbed by heated sheet 307 and the temperature of heat exchanger 306 is risen.
If thermophore 309 is delivered to the thermophore path 310 that is provided with on the heat exchanger 306, then obtain heat from heated sheet 307, thermophore 309 forms the steam (perhaps liquid or steam and mixtures of liquids etc.) of high temperature and delivers to heat storage tank 322.
In heat storage tank 322, obtain this steam and accumulate heat about 200 ℃.The steam of thermophore 309 condenses at heat storage tank 322 and becomes liquid, is sent to heat collector 319 once more and is heated by circulating pump 320.By during can supplying with solar energy, carrying out this action repeatedly, the heat of necessity is accumulated in the heat storage tank 322.
More than, in the present embodiment, by a plurality of thermal-arrest portion's 301 converge sunlight and from flat heated sheet 307 irradiation of thermal-arrest opening 303 heat exchanger 306, and setting and heated sheet 307 are integrated and constitute the access panels 308 of thermophore path 310, therefore, the relative thermal-arrest opening 303 of the heat exchanger of tubulose do not carry out intricately draw around, the heat that heated sheet 307 integral body can be obtained evenly transmits to thermophore 309, can dwindle the area of dissipation of heat exchanger 306 and improve the thermal efficiency of heat collector 319.
In addition, in the present embodiment, reclaim by the heated sheet 307 of one and to be focused at the heat of a plurality of thermal-arrest openings 303 and to need not to draw heat exchanger around tubulose, so can be not by the size of light collecting part 301 or arrange about institute and constitute heat exchanger 306 compactly, can be with heat collector 319 miniaturizations (constituting slim).
In addition, in the present embodiment, owing to utilize heated sheet 307 and access panels 308 two boards to constitute heat exchanger 306, so can oversimplify and reduce cost.
In the present embodiment, heat exchanger 306 makes the concavo-convex circuitous of access panels 308 and moulding and constitute thermophore path 310, therefore, constitute thermophore path 310 in the heat exchanger 306, can make whole heats arrive thermophore 309 and promote temperature by the path of a connection.
In the present embodiment, because heated sheet 307 forms on the surface of thermal-arrest portion 301 sides and selects absorbing film 313, so can prevent to reflect and can increase on the surface of heated sheet 307 uptake of 307 pairs of heats of heated sheet from the heat that thermal-arrest opening 303 obtains, ultrared radiation when the temperature that prevents heated sheet 307 rises can make the temperature of heated sheet 307 rise and promotes the heating of thermophore 309.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the section configuration of thermophore path 310 forms the flat that the gap with heated sheet 307 and access panels 308 reduces, and increases the area that thermophore 309 contacts with heated sheet 307 inwalls, so thermophore 309 can promote heat exchange along the inwall expansion of heated sheet 307.
In addition, in the present embodiment, stable on heating heat shield 314 is installed between thermal-arrest portion 301 and heated sheet 307, therefore, can prevents to conduct the heat radiation that causes to the heat of thermal-arrest portion 301, can improve the thermal efficiency from heated sheet 307.
In addition, owing to prevent, so can prevent the distortion of thermal-arrest portion 301 (especially by heat-resistant resin to 301 moulding of thermal-arrest portion time etc.) or the minute surface deterioration of reflecting part 302 for a long time from the heat conduction of the heated sheet 307 of high temperature to thermal-arrest portion 301.
In the present embodiment, because stable on heating heat absorbing sheet 316 is installed between thermal-arrest portion 301 and transmissive body 315, so can will absorb to the sunshine that the outside emits by the reflection of the top of thermal-arrest portion 301 and from transmissive body 315, make heat be trapped in the below of transmissive body 315, can improve the thermal efficiency of heat collector 319.
In addition, the inlet tube 311 of heat exchanger 306 and outlet 312 combine with thermophore path 310 from access panels 308 sides, also can promote heat exchange so can make thermophore 309 flow into thermophore path 310 equably.
By the shape of the reflecting part 302 of present embodiment is formed the drowning cast of two dimension (2D) from three-dimensional (3D) cup-shaped of CPC, can change corresponding to the orientation of the action in the sun one day, but therefore long-time heating thermophore 309.
In addition, because also can waiting by crooked aluminium polishing plate, the moulding of reflecting part 302 processes, so can reduce cost.
By the shape of the reflecting part 302 of present embodiment is become the bowl-shape of parabolic collector (PC:Parabolic concentrator) from three-dimensional (3D) cup-like shape of CPC, solar energy is concentrated on focus and obtains bigger light harvesting ratio, so can easily form the high-temperature vapour of thermophore 309, and can obtain usability good high-temperature heat.
In addition, allow angle though eliminate insolation by PC, but, can further capture solar energy, so can improve the thermal efficiency of heat collector 319 by follow-up mechanism (not shown: by driving reflecting part 302 such as motor, gear and make it always over against the device of the direction of the sun) is installed.
In addition, make the selective transmission film of solar energy transmission and reflected infrared ray by inner face coating in thermal-arrest portion 301 sides of the transmissive body 315 of present embodiment, will be from the infrared reflection of the heated sheet 307 of high temperature, and then the infrared ray that produces that also temperature of thermal-arrest portion 301 risen also reflects, so ultrared heat can be held and stay in the thermal-arrest portion 301, help the heating of heated sheet 307, can improve the thermal efficiency of heat collector 319.
The selective transmission film is by spraying plating or coating and nesa coating (for example tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) etc.) is shaped to film.
In addition, the transmissive body 315 of present embodiment is made of the hear resistance with selective transmission performance, resin material that durability is good (for example Merlon etc.), can carry out the lightweight and the cost degradation of heat collector 319.
(embodiment 12)
Figure 21 represents embodiments of the present invention 12, heat exchanger 306 is provided with concavo-convex on access panels 308 and when constituting thermophore path 310, a plurality of thermophore paths 310 are closely arranged abreast, concavo-convex as the part in the access panels 308, at the two end portions formation head 323 of these a plurality of thermophore paths 310.
On the part of separately head 323, be combined with the inlet tube 311 and the outlet 312 of thermophore 309.The section configuration of head 323 forms the flat that the gap that makes heated sheet 307 and access panels 308 reduces, and increases the area that the inwall of thermophore 309 and heated sheet 307 contact, the promotion heat exchange.
Below, action, the effect of the heat exchanger of said structure are described.
The heat that is reclaimed by heated sheet 307 carries out heat exchange at all thermophore paths 310 of access panels 307, and head 323 also carries out heat exchange as the part of thermophore path 310.
The thermophore 309 that flow into heat exchanger 306 from inlet tube 311 disperses to a plurality of thermophore paths 310 equably at the head 323 of inlet tube 311 sides, makes the flow velocity reduction of thermophore 309 of each thermophore path 310 and the heat exchange of promotion and heated sheet 307.
More than, in the present embodiment, owing to prevent heat radiation, the temperature of thermophore 309 is risen by in heat exchanger 306, constituting whole thermophore paths 310, the heat that heated sheet 307 is reclaimed is to the thermophore transmission, so can improve the thermal efficiency of heat collector 319.
In addition, owing to constitute head 323,, can prevent from the heat radiation of heat exchanger 306 so surround by outer dress thermal insulation barriers 318 easily in the inboard of thermal-arrest portion 301 and its heated sheet 307.
Flow owing to thermophore 309 is dispersed in the heat exchanger 306,, can reduce the heat transfer losses that the deviation of Temperature Distribution causes, can improve the thermal efficiency of heat collector 319 so thermophore 309 can be heated equably by head 323.
(embodiment 13)
In Figure 22, heat exchanger 306 will also constitute tabular with the access panels 308 that flat heated sheet 307 engages, and thermophore path 310 constitutes the flat liner 324 of the passage in height of decision thermophore path 310 between heated sheet 307 and access panels 308.
Heated sheet 307 and access panels 308 and liner 324 are formed by thermal conductivity big copper coin or aluminium sheet, by weld, high-temperature soldering, injection waterproof pointing and with the sealing of methods such as end riveted joint, so that thermophore 309 is not revealed.
In order to make thermophore path 310 circuitous, liner 324 carries out the processing that plate is die-cut.
In addition, obviously can make up a plurality of liners 324 and the head 323 of formation Figure 21.Inlet tube 311 and outlet 312 that thermophore 309 is arranged in the locally connected of thermophore path 310.The section configuration of thermophore path 310 forms the flat that the thickness that makes liner 324 reduces, and increases the area that thermophore 309 contact with heated sheet 307 inwalls, the promotion heat exchange.
Below, the action and the effect of above heat exchanger are described.
The liner 324 that heat exchanger 306 is arranged between heated sheet 307 and the access panels 308 all is made of flat board, processing is used for the heat that heated sheet 307 reclaims is passed to the complexity of heat carrier 309, trickle heat carrier path 310, carries out standing the assembling of the steam pressure (for example pressure about 10MPa) of heat carrier 309.
In addition, the thickness of reduction liner 324 also unfertile land constitutes the thickness of heat exchanger 306, thereby adorns 317 height and improve design outside reducing.
As mentioned above, in the present embodiment, flat liner 324 is carried out die-cut, constitute trickle and complicated heat carrier path 310, so can be corresponding to the arrangement of a plurality of little thermal-arrest openings 303 and promote heat exchange to hot media 309.
In addition, by can bear the steam pressure of thermophore 309 by dull and stereotyped lamination processing heat exchanger 306,, can make steam turbine (not shown) action so can obtain the big steam of pressure by the high temperature of thermophore 309.
In addition, because heat exchanger 306 attenuates are constituted,, can as solar module, be used as roof spare so can constitute highly low and thin heat collector 319.
(embodiment 14)
Figure 23～25 expression embodiments 14, to carrying out the structure mark prosign with the same effect action of embodiment 11, it specifies the explanation of quoting embodiment 11.
In embodiment 14, Reference numeral 329 is to adorn the thermal wall of separating thermal-arrest portions 310 or heat exchangers 306 and outer dress wall in 317 and being provided with outside, by this thermal wall 329, as with adorn independently space and be provided with receiving room 330,317 inboard outward.
Thermal wall 329 is made of the little metal of stable on heating ceramic material (silica, aluminium oxide etc.), resin material (phenolic resins, fluorine-type resin etc.) or thermal conductivity (for example stainless steel etc.).
Reference numeral 331 is Vacuumed insulation panels, seamlessly is inserted into more than 330 of receiving rooms.Vacuumed insulation panel 331 is made of silicon-dioxide powdery or glass wool as core, improves thermal insulation.
In addition, the outer compress material of Vacuumed insulation panel 331 is made of the laminated film of plastic-metal.
Vacuumed insulation panel 331 covers core with two external application material alignment, with inner pressure relief to vacuum, by heat melting seal around.Laminar structure that should outer compress material begins to be followed successively by thermosol by the inboard and the layer of usefulness (for example by can in poly-naphthalene dicarboxylic acids glycol ester (Port リ ェ チ レ Application Na Off レ one ト) or fluorine-type resin film formation molten more than 200 ℃); the layer that the gas obstacle is used (metal forming that the melting point of the film that is used by the layer of usefulness than thermosol is high or implemented metal evaporation or the film of inorganic oxide evaporation constitutes for example; metal forming is by aluminium; nickel; formations such as tin stainless steel; the resin film of implementing evaporation is by poly-naphthalene dicarboxylic acids glycol ester; formations such as Kapton); (for example the high film of melting point by layer film that uses of usefulness than thermosol constitutes the layer of protection usefulness; poly-naphthalene dicarboxylic acids glycol ester; tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer; tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro alkoxy (パ one Off ロ ロ ア Le コ キ シ) ethylene copolymer etc.) multiple layer constitutes, and can durability be improved long term maintenance vacuum state ground.
Reference numeral 332 is reflecting materials, and thermal-arrest portion 301 or heat exchanger 306 towards thermal wall 329 inboards are seamlessly installed along thermal wall 329.
Reflecting material 332 will and make its Returning heat-exchanger 306 from the infrared reflection of thermal-arrest portion 301 or heat exchanger 306, heat once more.This reflecting material 332 is made of metal-powder (for example silver, aluminium etc.), carbide powder (for example silicon nitride, carborundum etc.), the metal oxide (titanium oxide, tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, tin-doped indium oxide etc.) of infrared reflection composition, uses fluorine-type resin to form coated film on the surface of thermal wall 329.
In addition, reflecting material 332 is also installed the metallic plate that aluminium mirror boards etc. grind along thermal wall 329.
At this moment, if the temperature of thermal-arrest portion 301 or heat exchanger 306 rises, then radiate heat ray as infrared ray thus.Heat ray is not adorned thermal insulation barriers 318 blocking outward and will be adorned thermal insulation barriers 318 heating outward, so along with the lengthening of time, the temperature of adorning thermal insulation barriers 318 outward also rises.Also heat is transmitted from thermal-arrest portion 301 and heat exchanger 306 outside dress thermal insulation barriers 318 by heat conduction or convection current.
Heat exchanger 306 generates about 200 ℃ steam of thermophores 309, so the tiny air layer by outer dress thermal insulation barriers 318 is heat insulation, heat is to foreign side's expansion and arrival thermal wall 329.By adorning 317 outside these thermal wall 329 separations,, prevent the heat radiation of heat exchanger 306 and the heat exchange of promotion and thermophore 309 so heat is come together in the inner space of thermal wall 329.
Be located at the receiving room 330 in thermal wall 329 outsides,, prevent that the temperature in the receiving room 330 from rising by thermal wall 329 trap heat.Vacuumed insulation panel 331 is inserted in this receiving room 330, prevent that the temperature of Vacuumed insulation panel 331 from rising.
Vacuumed insulation panel 331 remains on temperature in the serviceability temperature scope (general, the serviceability temperature scope that is used for the Vacuumed insulation panel of refrigerator etc. is about-40 ℃～100 ℃), but the long term maintenance heat-proof quality.
Prevent to adorn heat radiation outside 317 by Vacuumed insulation panel 331, and prevent that the temperature of heat exchanger 306 from reducing, and carries out heat exchange to thermophore 309 effectively to the outer of heat collector 319.
In addition, by the reflecting material of installing towards the light collecting part 301 or the heat exchanger 306 of the inboard of thermal wall 329, will from thermal-arrest portion 301 or heat exchanger 306 and outside adorn the infrared reflection of thermal insulation barriers 318 radiation, and make it turn back to heat exchanger 306 or adorn thermal insulation barriers 318 sides outward, therefore, the temperature that prevents thermal wall 329 rises, and the temperature that further alleviates in the receiving room 330 rises.
More than, in the present embodiment, be equipped with: adorn 317 outward, it takes in thermal-arrest portion 301 and heat exchanger 306; Thermal wall 329, it is located at this outer dress in 317, is used to divide outer dress wall, thermal-arrest portion 301 and heat exchanger 306; Vacuumed insulation panel 331, it is installed in the receiving room 330 that is made of thermal wall 329 and outer dress wall, therefore, even the outer temperature of adorning in 317 is risen for the steam of the thermophore 309 that obtains high temperature, also can prevent that the temperature of the Vacuumed insulation panel 331 in the receiving room 330 from rising, can prevent that the deterioration of Vacuumed insulation panel 331 from also reducing from the heat radiation of adorning 317 outward for a long time by thermal wall 329.
In addition, in the present embodiment, owing to prevent to adorn 317 heat radiation,, can be effectively carry out heat exchange and improve the thermal efficiency of heat collector 319 to thermophore 309 so can prevent the temperature reduction of heat exchanger 306 to the outer of heat collector 319 by Vacuumed insulation panel 331.
In the present embodiment, owing to intercept the heat of automatic heat-exchanger 306 by thermal wall 329, temperature in the receiving room 330 is reduced, so but the low general Vacuumed insulation panel of use (refrigerator etc.) Vacuumed insulation panel 331 of serviceability temperature and seek the reduction of cost.
In the present embodiment, because thermal wall 329 is equipped with the reflecting material 332 of reflected infrared ray towards thermal-arrest portion 301 and heat exchanger 306, so can will obtain the infrared reflection that produces when heat exchanger 306 temperature of the heat of light collecting part 301 convergences rise by the reflecting material 332 of thermal wall 329, and use it for the heating again of heat exchanger 306, the temperature that prevents thermal wall 329 rises, and can prevent the high temperature deterioration of the Vacuumed insulation panel 331 in the receiving room 330.
In addition, in the present embodiment, be provided with access panels 308, it is by a plurality of thermal-arrest portion's 301 converge sunlight and from flat heated sheet 307 irradiation of thermal-arrest opening 303 heat exchanger 306, integrated and constitute thermophore path 310 with heated sheet 307, therefore, need not heat exchanger with respect to 303 pairs of tubuloses of thermal-arrest opening carry out complicated shape draw around, the heated sheet 307 whole heats that obtain can be transmitted equably and dwindle the area of dissipation of heat exchanger 306 and improve the thermal efficiency of heat collector 319 to thermophore 309.
In addition, in the present embodiment, to assemble the heat recovery of a plurality of thermal-arrest openings 303 by the heated sheet 307 of one, need not to draw heat exchanger around tubulose, so can not constituted heat exchanger 306 compactly about the size of thermal-arrest portion 301 or arrangement, with heat collector 319 miniaturizations (constituting slim).
In the present embodiment, owing to constitute heat exchanger 306 by heated sheet 307 and 308 two plates of access panels, so can oversimplify and reduce cost.
In the present embodiment, heat exchanger 306 makes the concavo-convex circuitous of access panels 308 and moulding and constitute thermophore path 310, therefore, constitute thermophore path 310 in the heat exchanger 306, can make whole heats arrive thermophore 309 and promote temperature by the path of a connection.
In the present embodiment, because heated sheet 307 forms on the surface of thermal-arrest portion 301 sides and selects absorbing film 313, so can prevent to reflect and can increase on the surface of heated sheet 307 uptake of 307 pairs of heats of heated sheet from the heat that thermal-arrest opening 303 obtains, ultrared radiation when the temperature that prevents heated sheet 307 rises can make the temperature of heated sheet 307 rise and promotes the heating of thermophore 309.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the section configuration of thermophore path 310 forms the flat that reduces with heated sheet 307 and access panels 308, the area that the inwall of increase thermophore 309 and heated sheet 307 contacts, so thermophore 309 can promote heat exchange along the expansion of heated sheet 307 inwalls.
In addition, in the present embodiment, because stable on heating heat shield 314 is installed between thermal-arrest portion 301 and heated sheet 307, so can prevent from from heated sheet 307 can to improve the thermal efficiency to the heat radiation that the heat of thermal-arrest portion 301 causes.In addition, owing to prevent, so can prevent the distortion of thermal-arrest portion 301 (especially by stable on heating resin forming thermal-arrest portion 301 grades time) or the minute surface deterioration of reflecting part 302 for a long time from the heat conduction of the heated sheet 307 of high temperature to thermal-arrest portion 301.
In the present embodiment, because stable on heating heat absorbing sheet 316 is installed between thermal-arrest portion 301 and transmissive body 315, so can will absorb to the sunshine that the outside emits by the reflection of the top of thermal-arrest portion 301 and from transmissive body 315, make heat be trapped in the below of transmissive body 315, can improve the thermal efficiency of heat collector 319.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the inlet tube 311 of heat exchanger 306 and outlet 312 combine with thermophore path 310 from access panels 308 sides, also can promote heat exchange so can make thermophore 309 flow into thermophore path 310 equably.
In addition, by the shape of the reflecting part 302 of present embodiment is formed the drowning cast of two dimension (2D) from three-dimensional (3D) cup-shaped of CPC, can change corresponding to the orientation of the action in the sun one day, but therefore long-time heating thermophore 309.In addition, because also can waiting by crooked aluminium mirror board, the moulding of reflecting part 302 processes, so can reduce cost.
By the shape of the reflecting part 302 of present embodiment is become the bowl-shape of parabolic collector (PC:Parabolic concentrator) from three-dimensional (3D) cup-like shape of CPC, solar energy is concentrated on focus and obtains bigger light harvesting ratio, so can easily form the high-temperature vapour of thermophore 309, and can obtain usability good high-temperature heat.
In addition, allow angle though eliminate insolation by PC, but, can further capture solar energy, so can improve the thermal efficiency of heat collector 319 by follow-up mechanism (not shown: by driving reflecting part 302 such as motor, gear and make reflecting part always over against the device of the direction of the sun) is installed.
In addition, make the selective transmission film of solar energy transmission and reflected infrared ray by inner face coating in thermal-arrest portion 301 sides of the transmissive body 315 of present embodiment, will be from the infrared reflection of the heated sheet 307 of high temperature, and then the infrared ray that produces that also temperature of thermal-arrest portion 301 risen also reflects, so ultrared heat can be held and stay in the thermal-arrest portion 301, help the heating of heated sheet 307, can improve the thermal efficiency of heat collector 3 19.
The selective transmission film is by spraying plating or coating and nesa coating (for example tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) etc.) is shaped to film.
In addition, the transmissive body 315 of present embodiment is made of the hear resistance with selective transmission performance, resin material that durability is good (for example Merlon etc.), can carry out the lightweight and the cost degradation of heat collector 319.
(embodiment 15)
In Figure 26, thermal wall 329 and thermal-arrest portion 301 or heat exchanger 306 (or outer dress thermal insulation barriers 318 of cover heating interchanger 306) between space 337 is set, by the reflecting material 332 that is placed in thermal wall 329 inner faces directly reflection improve reflecting properties from the infrared ray of thermal-arrest portion 301 or heat exchanger 306 (the perhaps outer dress thermal insulation barriers 318 of cover heating interchanger 306) radiation.
In addition, heat exchanger 306 is equipped with on the surface of thermal wall 329 sides and selects absorbing film 338.Select absorbing film 338 to handle (for example the black chromium of plating, plating do not have electrolytic nickel etc.) at the plating that material (for example copper, aluminium, the stainless steel etc.) coating of heat exchanger 306 absorbs ultrared coating (for example the coating of manganese class coating or carbon black class etc.) or carries out black, after absorbing infrared ray, suppress radiation, heat is accumulated in the heat exchanger 306.
In addition, the little inert gas of thermal conductivity ratio air (for example krypton gas etc.) is filled in space 337 in inside, reduction from thermal-arrest portion 301 or heat exchanger 306 (the perhaps outer dress thermal insulation barriers 318 of cover heating interchanger 306) because hot conduction or convection current and the heat of bulk storage prevents that the temperature of heat exchanger 306 from reducing.
In addition, by filling inert gas, the security that can improve the heat exchanger 306 of covering high-temperature prevents the deterioration of thermal wall 329 or Vacuumed insulation panel 331, and is anti-in long-term use.
Below, action, the effect of the heat collector of said structure are described.
The temperature of thermal-arrest portion 301 or heat exchanger 306 (the perhaps outer dress thermal insulation barriers 318 of cover heating interchanger 306) rises, then infra-red-emitting.Infrared ray is adorned the internal reflection of thermal insulation barriers 318 outward or is adorned thermal insulation barriers 318 outward or tiny air layer absorbs, and makes the temperature of outer dress thermal insulation barriers 318 above-mentioned and radiate new infrared ray.
At this moment, the infrared ray that radiates via space 337 radiates to all directions, arrives reflecting material 332 point-blank, and its reflection is also carried out point-blank and volume reflection is increased, and the blocking-up radiation is hot, can prevent that thus the temperature of thermal wall 329 from rising.
In addition, reflect and arrive the selection absorbing film 338 of heat exchanger 306 repeatedly to all directions by the infrared ray of reflecting material 332 reflections.Selecting absorbing film 338 to absorb infrared ray and the temperature of heat exchanger 306 is risen.Also can heat be accumulated in the heat exchanger 306 even the temperature of heat exchanger 306 becomes high temperature, heat exchanger 306 is maintained high temperature by making the low effect of radiation heat drop of selecting absorbing film 338.
In addition, owing in space 337, be filled with the little inert gas of thermal conductivity ratio air, so prevent the heat radiation that heat is conducted or convection current causes from light collecting part 301 or heat exchanger 306 (the perhaps outer dress thermal insulation barriers 318 of cover heating interchanger 306), heat is accumulated in heat exchanger 306 sides, heat exchanger 306 is maintained high temperature.
More than, in the present embodiment, owing to directly arrive the reflecting material 332 of thermal wall 329 via space 337 from the infrared ray of thermal-arrest portion 301 or heat exchanger 306 (the perhaps outer dress thermal insulation barriers 318 of cover heating interchanger 306), reflecting properties improves, the temperature that therefore can prevent Vacuumed insulation panel 331 rises, and prevents the high temperature deterioration of Vacuumed insulation panel 331.
In the present embodiment, heat exchanger 306 utilizes the infrared ray of selecting absorbing film 338 to absorb reflecting material 332 reflections of thermal wall 329, with this heat in the heating again that utilizes at heat exchanger 306, so, the temperature that can prevent Vacuumed insulation panel 331 rises, and prevents the high temperature deterioration of Vacuumed insulation panel 331.
In the present embodiment, thermal wall 329 is to the space 327 filling heat-conductive rates of thermal-arrest portion 301 and the heat exchanger 306 sides gas less than air, prevent from thus to conduct to the heat of thermal wall from thermal-arrest portion 301 and heat exchanger 306, the temperature that therefore can prevent Vacuumed insulation panel 331 rises, and prevents the high temperature deterioration of Vacuumed insulation panel 331.
In addition, in the present embodiment, in heat exchanger 306 sides of thermal wall 329 reflecting material 332 is installed, the infrared ray that thermal wall 329 is absorbed reduces and can reduce the temperature of Vacuumed insulation panel 331.
The space 337 of present embodiment also can be strengthened and outer adorned 317 or the structure of thermal wall 329, form closed structure and remain on vacuum, will be from the heat conduction blocking fully of thermal-arrest portion 301 or heat exchanger 306 (the perhaps external thermal insulation barriers 318 of cover heating interchanger 306).
(embodiment 16)
In Figure 27, thermal wall 329 is equipped with in the sidewall surfaces in the face of Vacuumed insulation panel 331 and absorbs ultrared selection absorbing film 339, and the reflecting material 340 of reflected infrared ray is installed on the surface of Vacuumed insulation panel 331.
Select absorbing film 339 to handle (for example black chromium plating, no electrolytic nickel plating etc.) at the plating that the material of thermal wall 329 (metal that for example stable on heating ceramic material (silica, aluminium oxide etc.), resin material (phenolic resins, fluorine-type resin etc.) or thermal conductivity are little (for example stainless steel etc.) coating absorbs ultrared coating (for example the coating of manganese class coating or carbon black class etc.) or carries out black, after absorbing infrared ray, suppress radiation, heat is accumulated in the heat exchanger 306.
In addition, reflecting material 340 adopts fluorine-type resin to be formed with coated film on the surface of Vacuumed insulation panel 331 by metal-powder (for example silver, aluminium etc.) or the carbide powder (for example silicon nitride, carborundum etc.) or metal oxide (titanium oxide, tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, the tin-doped indium oxide etc.) formation of infrared reflection composition.
In addition, reflecting material 332 is also installed the metallic plate that aluminium mirror boards etc. grind along Vacuumed insulation panel 331.
In addition, thermal wall 329 is provided with space 341 between the reflecting material 340 of the selection absorbing film of installing in the face of the surface of the sidewall of Vacuumed insulation panel 331 339 and the surface installation of Vacuumed insulation panel 331.
By this space 341, directly arrive the reflecting material 340 of Vacuumed insulation panel 331 from the infrared ray of thermal wall 329, improve reflecting properties and prevent that the temperature of Vacuumed insulation panel 331 from rising.In addition, space 339 is filled with thermal conductivity less than the inert gas of air (for example krypton gas etc.) in inside, reduces because hot conduction or convection current and from the heat that thermal wall 329 sheds, prevent that the temperature of Vacuumed insulation panel 331 from rising.
Below, action, the effect of the heat exchanger of said structure are described.
The temperature of thermal-arrest portion 301 or heat exchanger 306 (the perhaps outer dress thermal insulation barriers 318 of cover heating interchanger 306) rises, then infra-red-emitting.Infrared ray is adorned the internal reflection of thermal insulation barriers 318 outward or is adorned thermal insulation barriers 318 outward or tiny air layer absorbs, and makes the temperature of outer dress thermal insulation barriers 318 above-mentioned and radiate new infrared ray.
Rise if infrared ray arrives the temperature of 329 thermal wall 329 of thermal wall, infrared ray is thus to Vacuumed insulation panel 331 radiation.Be reflected material 340 reflection and return thermal wall 329 sides and selected absorbing film 339 absorbs of this infrared ray prevents infrared ray once more to Vacuumed insulation panel 331 radiation, can be with the temperature maintenance of Vacuumed insulation panel 331 in the scope of application.
In addition, the infrared ray that radiates from thermal wall 329 via space 341 arrives reflecting material 340 point-blank, and its reflection is also carried out point-blank, volume reflection is increased and blocking-up radiation heat, can prevent the temperature rising of Vacuumed insulation panel 331 thus.
In addition,,, heat is accumulated in thermal wall 329 sides, heat exchanger 306 is maintained high temperature so prevent the heat radiation that heat is conducted or convection current causes from thermal wall 329 owing in space 341, be filled with the little inert gas of thermal conductivity.
In addition,, improve the security of the heat exchanger 306 of covering high-temperature, prevent the deterioration of thermal wall 329 or Vacuumed insulation panel 331 by filling inert gas, anti-in long-term use.
More than, in the present embodiment, be equipped with on the surface of thermal wall 329 and absorb ultrared selection absorbing film 339 and the reflecting material 340 that makes infrared reflection is installed on the surface of Vacuumed insulation panel 331, so by selecting absorbing film 339 to absorb the infrared ray of reflecting material 340 reflections, make its heat return thermal wall 329 sides, therefore, can prevent that the temperature of Vacuumed insulation panel 331 from rising, prevent the high temperature deterioration of Vacuumed insulation panel 331.
In the present embodiment, because at the selection absorbing film 339 that is installed on thermal wall 329 surfaces and be installed between the reflecting material 340 on Vacuumed insulation panel 331 surfaces and be provided with space 341, so the infrared ray from thermal wall 329 directly arrives the reflecting material 340 of Vacuumed insulation panel 331 and reflecting properties is improved, by selecting absorbing film 339 to absorb heat and make its heat be accumulated in thermal wall 329, the temperature that prevents Vacuumed insulation panel rises, and prevents the high temperature deterioration of Vacuumed insulation panel.
In the present embodiment, thermal wall 329 to and Vacuumed insulation panel 331 between the space 341 filling heat-conductive rates that are provided with less than the gas (for example krypton gas) of air, prevent thus from the heat conduction of thermal wall 329 to Vacuumed insulation panel 331, the temperature that therefore can prevent Vacuumed insulation panel 331 rises, and prevents the high temperature deterioration of Vacuumed insulation panel 331.
In addition, in the present embodiment, in heat exchanger 306 sides of thermal wall 329 reflecting material 332 is installed, the infrared ray that thermal wall 329 is absorbed reduces and can reduce the temperature of Vacuumed insulation panel 331.
In addition, the space 341 of present embodiment also can be strengthened and outer adorned 317 or the structure of thermal wall 329, forms closed structure and also remains on vacuum, will be from the heat conduction blocking fully of thermal wall 329.
In addition, though part identical with above-mentioned embodiment in the present embodiment is omitted, the heat collector 319 shown in the above-mentioned embodiment 11～16 can be applicable to the cogeneration system shown in the embodiment 4～6.That is, the heat collector 25 shown in the embodiment 4～6 heat collector 319 be can be replaced as, heat collector and solar energy Lan Ken system constituted.Similarly, also can be used as the solar water heater shown in the embodiment 10 and be suitable for.
In the cogeneration system that constitutes at the heat collector 319 that uses 16 records of embodiment 11～embodiment, the heat that heated sheet 307 integral body of heat collector 319 are obtained transmits to thermophore 309 equably, dwindle the area of dissipation of heat exchanger 306, improve the thermal efficiency of heat collector 319, therefore, can supply with the heat of high temperature that the required thermophore steam of steam turbine rotation forms usefulness to heat storage tank.
In addition, under the situation of the heat collector 319 that uses 16 records of embodiment 11～embodiment, heated sheet 307 by one reclaims the heat that converges to a plurality of thermal-arrest openings 303, need not to draw heat exchanger around tubulose, therefore can or arrange about institute not by the size of thermal-arrest portion 301 heat exchanger 306 is constituted compactly, with heat collector 319 miniaturizations (constituting) slimly, so the cogeneration system miniaturization can be provided with easily.
In addition, in the cogeneration system that the heat collector 319 that uses 16 records of embodiment 14～embodiment constitutes, thermal wall 329 is arranged on outer the dress in 317 in the mode of dividing outer dress wall, light collecting part 301 and heat exchanger 306, by this thermal wall 329 with adorn outward in the receiving room 330 that wall constitutes Vacuumed insulation panel 331 is installed, therefore can prevent that the temperature of Vacuumed insulation panel 331 from rising by thermal wall 329, prevent the deterioration of Vacuumed insulation panel 331, and long-term reduce from outside adorn 317 heat radiation, can improve the thermal efficiency of cogeneration system.
In addition, owing to come the heat of automatic heat-exchanger 306 by thermal wall 329 blocking-up, temperature in the receiving room 330 is reduced, seek the reduction of the cost of cogeneration system so can adopt the low general Vacuumed insulation panel of use (refrigerator etc.) Vacuumed insulation panel 331 of serviceability temperature.
In addition, the heated sheet 307 whole heats that obtain of heat collector 319 are transmitted equably to thermophore, the area of dissipation of required heat exchanger 306 improves the thermal efficiency of heat collector 319, so can supply with the heat of high temperature of the steam formation usefulness of the required thermophore of steam turbine rotation to heat storage tank.
The cogeneration system with hot water supply, heating of can realizing generating electricity in addition,, makes the steam turbine rotation and generates electricity, so can be applied flexibly the such natural energy resources of solar energy and obtain promoting energy saving and CO owing to utilizing solar energy to form the steam of thermophore 2The effective ways of cutting down.
More than, the heat collector of embodiment 11～embodiment 16 records carries out heat exchange effectively and heats thermophore owing to can assemble the low sunshine of energy density, so can be applicable to the hot water supply of dwelling house or the heater of generating usefulness.
In addition, owing to can prevent to reclaim heat and carry out heat exchange effectively and heat thermophore from the heat radiation of outer dress and from the low sunshine of energy density, so can be applicable to the heater of the hot water supply of dwelling house or the usefulness of generating electricity.

Claims (39)

1. heat collector is characterized in that having:
The speculum of reflection and converge sunlight;
Accept thermal-arrest portion by the sunshine of this speculum convergence;
Evaluation is with respect to the decision maker of the sun direction of light of described speculum; And
The drive division of accepting the signal of this decision maker and described speculum being moved towards the sun over against ground.
2. a heat collector is characterized in that, comprising: a plurality of speculums, and it is used for converge sunlight; Thermal-arrest portion, it is arranged on each of described a plurality of speculums; Swivel bearing portion, it is that pivot is fixed and supported around it in the mode that described speculum can rotate with described thermal-arrest portion; Operating member, it makes the action of described a plurality of mirror integrals ground, and rotates to same direction along thermal-arrest portion separately; Drive division, itself and described operating member link; Control part, it is used to control described drive division; Outer dress, it is used to take in described a plurality of speculum, thermal-arrest portion, operating member and drive division.
3. heat collector as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, thermal-arrest portion is in order to make thermophore at internal circulation and the thermal-collecting tube of one is communicated with in a plurality of speculums.
4. as claim 2 or 3 described heat collectors, it is characterized in that thermal-arrest portion is equipped with on the surface and absorbs ultrared selection absorbing film.
5. heat collector as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, outer dress injects and the little gas of sealing thermal conductivity to inside.
6. heat collector as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that control part is controlled drive division so that speculum corresponding to season and the sun in one day height and rotate.
7. heat collector as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, control part when input part input is provided with heat collector the angle of inclination and the longitude and the latitude in place are set.
8. heat collector as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that heat collector is provided with position detection part in inside, the angle of inclination when being used for automatic instrumentation and being provided with and the longitude and the latitude in place are set.
9. a heat collector is characterized in that, comprising: speculum, and it is used for converge sunlight; Thermal-arrest portion, it is arranged on described speculum; Rotary driving part, it is a pivot with described thermal-arrest portion, the mode that can rotate with described speculum supports around it; The light income sensor, its face vertical with the rotating shaft of described rotary driving part is provided with a plurality of, and the heating surface direction of described light income sensor has nothing in common with each other.
10. heat collector as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, be provided with operational part, it compares the output that is provided with a plurality of light income sensors, the output valve of described operational part described light income sensor when consistent with solar direction with the optical axis of speculum compares, rotate described rotary driving part, so that described output valve equates.
11. heat collector as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, speculum forms the quadratic surface of the parabola formation of the cast that falls into water, and the sensitive surface direction of a plurality of light income sensors is carried out equal angles ground with respect to this parabolical axle and tilted.
12. heat collector as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, the storage control part is set, it is by the spinning movement angle of operational part storage rotary driving part, and calculate the described operating angle of time per unit, according to this described operating angle of storing the unit interval of control part, rotate rotary driving part in advance in turn and revisal is carried out in the rotation of described rotary driving part, so that the output valve of described light income sensor equates.
13. heat collector as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, a plurality of speculums are set, and thermal-arrest portion is in order to make thermophore at internal circulation and the thermal-collecting tube of one is communicated with configuration in a plurality of speculums.
14. heat collector as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, thermal-arrest portion is equipped with on the surface and absorbs ultrared selection absorbing film.
15. heat collector as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, configuration speculum and thermal-arrest portion in adorning outside adorn inner injection and are sealed with the little gas of thermal conductivity outside described.
16. a heat collector is characterized in that, will utilize a plurality of thermal-arrest portion of solar energy heating thermophore to connect by the thermophore pipe arrangement, is provided with the thermophore inlet in the thermal-arrest portion that is positioned at the outside, is provided with the thermophore outlet being positioned at inboard thermal-arrest portion.
17. heat collector as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, the thermal-arrest portion about will being positioned at by the thermophore pipe arrangement interconnects.
18. heat collector as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, disposes odd number thermal-arrest portion, is connected with the thermophore outlet in the thermal-arrest portion of central authorities.
19. heat collector as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, after by the thermophore pipe arrangement adjacent thermal-arrest portion being connected, reciprocally connects about the thermal-arrest portion about will being positioned at.
20. heat collector as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, the thermophore pipe arrangement is formed multichannel, makes the thermal-arrest portion in downstream of thermophore outlet side approaching each other.
21. a heat collector comprises: thermal-arrest portion, it is used to assemble solar energy; The thermal-arrest opening, it is got the heat of being assembled by described thermal-arrest portion; Heat exchanger, it reclaims heat from this thermal-arrest opening to thermophore, and described heat exchanger is made of heated sheet and access panels, and described heated sheet is located at described thermal-arrest open side, be tabular, described access panels clips gap and described heated sheet and overlaps and be provided with and be used to form the concavo-convex of thermophore path.
22. heat collector as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, heat exchanger will be assembled in the heat recovery of a plurality of thermal-arrest openings by the heated sheet of one.
23. heat collector as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, heat exchanger makes the concavo-convex circuitous of access panels and is shaped, and constitutes the thermophore path.
24. heat collector as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, heat exchanger also constitutes the head part of thermophore path in access panels.
25. heat collector as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, heated sheet is formed with the selection absorbing film on the surface of thermal-arrest portion side.
26. heat collector as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, access panels constitutes tabular via constitute the liner of thermophore path between heated sheet and access panels.
27. a heat collector is characterized in that having: thermal-arrest portion, it is used to assemble solar energy; The thermal-arrest opening, it is got the heat that described thermal-arrest portion assembles; Heat exchanger, it reclaims heat from described thermal-arrest opening to thermophore; Outer dress, it takes in described thermal-arrest portion and heat exchanger; Thermal wall, it is used to separate outer dress wall, described thermal-arrest portion and the heat exchanger of described outer dress, by described thermal wall with adorn outward in the receiving room that wall constitutes Vacuumed insulation panel is installed.
28. heat collector as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, thermal wall is equipped with the reflecting material towards thermal-arrest portion and heat exchanger reflected infrared ray.
29. heat collector as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, thermal wall is provided with the space between thermal-arrest portion and heat exchanger.
30. heat collector as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, thermal wall is equipped with the reflecting material towards the heat exchanger reflected infrared ray, and heat exchanger is being equipped with the selection absorbing film that absorbs heat ray on the sidewall surfaces of thermal wall.
31. heat collector as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, thermal wall is being equipped with the ultrared selection absorbing film of absorption on the sidewall surfaces of Vacuumed insulation panel, the reflecting material of reflected infrared ray is installed on the surface of Vacuumed insulation panel.
32. heat collector as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, thermal wall is provided with the space being installed in the face of the selection absorbing film on the sidewall surfaces of Vacuumed insulation panel and being installed between the lip-deep reflecting material of Vacuumed insulation panel.
33. heat collector as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, thermal wall is at the little gas of the space of thermal-arrest portion and heat exchanger side filling heat-conductive rate.
34. heat collector as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, thermal wall and the reflecting material of Vacuumed insulation panel between the little gas of filling heat-conductive rate in the space that is provided with.
35., it is characterized in that thermophore is R134a as each described heat collector in the claim 1～34.
36., it is characterized in that thermophore is a supercritical fluid as each described heat collector in the claim 1～34.
37. a solar chp system is characterized in that, uses each described heat collector heating thermophore in the claim 1～34.
38. a device of solar generating, it utilizes the thermophore by each described heat collector heating in the claim 1～34 to drive generator.
39. a solar water heater, it heats water in the water storing tank by each described heat collector in the claim 1～34.
CNA2007100854774A 2006-07-19 2007-03-07 Heat collector and solar energy using device using the same Pending CN101109578A (en)

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JP2006196355A JP2008025871A (en) 2006-07-19 2006-07-19 Solar energy collector
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