LT7096B - System for solar module mounting to the roof - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention discloses a system for attaching a solar panel frame structure to the roof of a building, which includes a fastening hook (5.1) that allows various ways of fixing the solar module supporting frame to the roof structure. The improved design of the mounting hook (5.1) allows the above-mentioned frame to be fixed both to the roof rafter and to the lot. Additionally, the system may comprise a profile (4.4) of a solar panel supporting frame, having an additional internal connecting transverse edge (wall) (4.15) within the profile, which significantly increases the resistance of the frame to external force effects, for example, stumbling of the frame structure. The invention discloses more versatile mounting structure for solar modules on a roof.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to structures, supporting frames, and fastening elements for attaching solar panel modules to roofs and other sloping surfaces. More specifically, the invention discloses a system for attaching solar modules to the roof with a specially designed hook for attaching to the rafters and rafters of the roof structure, and the profile of the frame for holding the solar modules used in this system.

STATE OF THE ART

The structure that holds the solar modules and their batteries, mounted on the sloping roof of buildings or other inclined planes, usually consists of the following main components:

• the frame holding the solar module with elements securing the solar module to the frame (fixing clips);

• structural system and elements (hooks, brackets) for attaching the frame holding the solar module to the roof of the building.

Examples of known and commercially available solar module mounting structures are shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3.

A known solar module mounting design is shown in Figure 1.

The well-known technical solution of Corab System D-01 on the website https://en.corab.pl/our-products/photovoltaic-systems/pitchedroof/systemcorab-d-01 shows the hook of the fastening system, which is shown in Figure 2 (object 2.1) .

Solar roof mounting systems published online by Chinese manufacturer Kseng show the structural elements used to install and secure solar panels to roof structures: https://www.xmkseng.com/pitched-titerQof solar-roof-mounting-system_p4.html - they are shown in 3 in the picture.

In these and other analogous known structures for mounting solar modules to roofs, it has been observed that:

• limited technical possibilities to install and attach solar module batteries in one way or another to roof structures - rafters, lots, that is, roof covering structures - on which roof covering elements (tiles, sheets, etc.) are also attached.

ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION

Hook for attachment to roof structures. The present invention discloses a system for mounting a solar module frame to a roof that includes a mounting hook of a special configuration. Known solutions (hooks) allow the solar module frame to be attached to the roof structure only by the rafters, that is, the sloping elements of the roof structure.

Meanwhile, the hook provided in this invention allows the solar module frame to be attached flexibly in various ways, both to the roof rafter and to the lot, and to the rafter and the lot at the same time.

Also, when attaching the solar module frame to the lot, which is a continuous horizontal element of the roof structure, the solar module frame can be attached to the roof with more hooks than when attaching it only to the rafter, because the rafters are spaced apart from each other.

In this way, this mounting hook improves the versatility/flexibility of mounting the solar module frame structure to the roof, and at the same time provides wider technical possibilities for mounting solar modules and their batteries on building roofs.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompanying diagrams and drawings are an integral part of the description of the invention and are provided by way of reference to the possible implementation of the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The drawings and diagrams are not necessarily to scale of the details of the invention.

Fig. A known system for mounting solar modules on roofs (state of the art), the construction of which consists of: 1.1- hook for fastening to the rafter; 1.2 - mounting bracket; 1.3 - connecting plate of two rails (1.4) with the shown connecting screws; 1.4 rail of the frame holding the solar module; 1.5 - middle clamp (installed between two solar modules); 1.6 - edge clamp that presses the edge solar module in the battery of modules; 1.7 - the upper rail of the tubular frame, intended for fixing the clamps holding the solar module with screws; 1.8 - grounding conductor connecting the supporting frames of the solar modules.

Fig. Known construction of solar module mounting on roofs (state of the art) - Corab System D-01 technical solution: frame profile and hook for attachment to the roof structure (rafter): analogous essential elements of the structure can be seen here: 2.10 - roof construction lot; 2.9 - rafter of the roof structure; 2.11 - roofing elements (tiles, sheets); 2.4 - rectangular pipe of the frame holding the solar module; 2.6 - clip fixing the solar module to the frame; 2.1 - hook holding the rail, attaching the frame tube to the rafter 2.9.

Fig. A known system for fixing solar modules on roofs (state of the art, system manufacturer, Chinese manufacturer Kseng) and its components: the main elements of fixing the solar module to the roof are shown here: 3.1 - hook for fixing the supporting structure to the rafter; 3.4 - rectangular pipe of the construction frame; 3.16 - a clamp with a screw connecting the rectangular pipe 3.4 of the construction frame with the hook 3.1; 3.17 - middle clamp (between two solar modules); 3.18 edge clamp that clamps the edge solar module in the battery of modules; 3.19 longitudinal connection plate of two frame tubes (3.4) with the shown connection screws; 3.20 - wood screw for fastening the structure to the roof hook 3.1 to the rafter.

Fig. Tubular profile of the solar module mounting frame: 4.4 - rectangular hollow (tubular) element of the frame holding the solar module (the rectangular profile of its cross-section is shown); 4.12 - side rail for fastening connecting elements (recessed side wall of the profile); 4.13 - upper rail for mounting solar modules (recessed upper profile wall); 4.14 - second side rail for fixing plates connecting two frame tubes (recessed profile wall or side wall with edge ledges); 4.15 - the internal partition of the rectangular pipe profile, connecting the bottom of the recessed wall forming the rail and the opposite wall of the profile; solar module - 4.4.1; external effects caused by the solar module on the frame of the mounting system (weight: 220N per SM, wind: 2400N/m ² , snow: 5400N/m ² ) - 4.4.2, contact surface of the solar module with the profile - 4.4.3, contact surface of the bracket with the profile - 4.4.4, rigid fixing of brackets - 4.4.5.

Fig. According to the present invention, a hook for attaching solar modules to house roof structures (rafters and/or lots) is improved.

Fig. Variants of fastening the frame holding the solar module to the roof of the house, using a fastening element of an improved design - a hook:

a) fastening to the rafter;

(b) attachment to the lot;

c) fastening together to the rafter and to the lot.

Fig. Possible methods of attaching the hook to the lot of the roof structure:

(a) attachment to the lot by pressing the side wall of the hook against the lot;

b) attachment to the lot by surrounding the lot with the walls of the hook;

c) attachment to the lot by surrounding the lot with the walls of the hook.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Hook for fixing the frame of the solar module to the roof structures. The structure of the anchoring hook and its components are shown in Figure 5. Hook 5.1 consists of the following three elements: 5.4 - transverse "U"-shaped corner (bracket), 5.3 - intermediate "u—"-shaped bracket, and 5.2 - L-shaped bracket element. These three elements are connected to each other with screws, or at least two of them can be welded and form a single connecting element (hook).

5.4 - a transverse "U"-shaped bracket for fixing the frame structure supporting the solar module to the elements of the roof structure - rafters and/or lots - where one side wall of this bracket (5.4.1) can be fixed to the roof lot, the lower wall ( 5.4.2) is intended for fastening to the roof rafter or lot, and the second side wall (5.4.3) is intended for fastening to the "U"-shaped bracket SM supporting frame or other connecting elements of its fastening (5.2, 5.3). The walls of the "U"-shaped bracket (5.4) have at least one or more holes for fixing the "U"-shaped bracket (5.4) with screws and/or wood screws to the lot (2.9), the bracket (2.10) and the tube of the SM frame. element (4.4).

In one embodiment of the U-shaped bracket (5.4), the U-shaped side wall (5.4.1) for fixing the U-shaped bracket (5.4) to the roof lot (2.9) can have an additional fold ( 5.4.4), which would enclose the lot (2.9) and from above, as shown in Figure 7c.

5.3 - an intermediate connecting element, formed from a metal strip of sufficient thickness and covering four planes, bent with respect to each other at three angles of about 90°, forming a "u—" shaped bracket. One end plane "—" of this "u—"-shaped bracket is connected to the second side wall of the "U"-shaped bracket, and the other end plane "|" is connected to other structures or brackets, specifically to the following member of the "L"-shaped bracket 5.2.

5.2 - "L"-shaped bracket element, formed from a metal strip of sufficient thickness and covering two planes at right angles, and connecting the "u—"-shaped bracket to the side rail of the frame supporting the solar module.

In the most suitable embodiment of the connecting hook 5.1, the mentioned three brackets 5.4, 5.2 and 5.3 are connected to each other as shown in Figure 5, forming the object of the hook 5.1. The holes for the mutual connection of these elements (brackets) can be round or elongated, thus allowing to match the configuration of the connecting hook 5.1 to the installed SM, the frame of the structure supporting it, and the geometric errors of the roof structure (rafters, rafters).

In the most suitable case, the three elements 5.4, 5.2 and 5.3 are connected to each other in the following order and angles:

1) a "u—"-shaped bracket is screwed to the second side wall of the "U"-shaped bracket with screws 5.4.3, using its "—"-segment, so that the screwed "u—"-shaped bracket 5.3 covers the "U"- the top of the shaped bracket 5.4.

2) an "L"-shaped bracket 5.2 is screwed to the second end plane of the "u—"-shaped bracket 5.3, so that one plane of the "L"-shaped bracket touches the top of the second end plane of the u—"-shaped bracket 5.3, and the second L The plane of the "-shaped bracket 5.2 is oriented upwards, it is connected to the side rail of the tubular profile of the frame holding the solar module with a connecting screw.

The transverse widths of the individual connecting elements (brackets) 5.4, 5.2 and 5.3 can be the same or different, as shown in Figure 5: here it can be seen that the "U"-shaped bracket 5.4 attached to the roof structure (rafter and/or lot) can be wider than the other two connecting elements 5.2 and 5.3. Also, both side walls 5.4.1 and 5.4.3 of the "U"-shaped bracket itself can be of unequal width.

These connecting elements (brackets) 5.4, 5.2 and 5.3 are made of metal, preferably steel, and their thickness is chosen with sufficient margin so as not to deform and maintain the structure of the solar modules even in extreme conditions, such as covering the SM battery with a thick layer of snow , or in strong winds.

Variants of the construction of the hook attachment to the roof. Variants of fixing the frame holding the solar module to the roof of the house, using the fixing element of the improved design - the hook (5.1), are shown in Figure 6 a-c:

a) fastening to the rafter (2.9);

b) attachment to lot (2.10);

c) fastening together to the rafter (2.9) and to the lot (2.10).

Also, Figure 7 shows three possible options for attaching the hook to the lot of the roof structure:

3) in one case (a), the hook (5.1) is attached to the lot by pressing the side wall of the hook to the side of the lot;

4) in another case (b), the hook (5.1) is attached to the lot, surrounding the lot with the walls of the hook;

5) in the third case (c), the hook (5.1) is attached to the lot (2.19), surrounding the lot with the walls of the hook, and in this case (c) the side wall of the "U"-shaped bracket of the hook 5.1 (5.4.1) has an additional fold (5.4) .4), which encloses the lot (2.19) from above.

OPTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

The scope of the invention discloses two variants of its implementation:

1) SM roof mounting system with the hook described above, which secures the tubular frame holding the solar module; and

2) SM roof mounting system with the hook described above, fixing the tubular frame supporting the solar module, the tubular profile of which is reinforced with an additional internal partition.

The frames holding the solar modules are usually constructed from hollow tubes with a square or rectangular cross-sectional profile. Also, in the side walls of such a profile, one or more rails are formed - longitudinal recesses on the outside of the wall, into which the fastening elements of the structure can be inserted - screw heads, nuts (Fig. 1 is shown in 1.7). Also, connecting plates of several such tubular longitudinal profiles (shown objects in Fig. 1. 1.3, and Fig. 3. 3.19). Such hollow tubular frames are made of metal, more often aluminum, and their walls are intended to be as thin as possible to save material. On the other hand, the hollow tubular frame construction has a lower resistance to certain external forces (longitudinal twisting, tripping), and this resistance depends rather slightly on the thickness of the walls of the hollow frame.

The rationality of the profiles is evaluated according to the geometric properties of the cross-section, knowing that the cross-sectional area A is directly related to the mass of the profile, the central moment of inertia I of the cross-section is directly related to the stiffness of the profile and the moment of resistance W of the cross-section is directly related to the strength of the cross-section.

In this way, by comparing the increase in the cross-sectional area in percentage with the increased moment of inertia of the cross-section and the increased moment of resistance of the cross-section, it is possible to judge the rationality of the cross-section. The profile chosen as the base profile (Fig. 2 or Fig. 3) with main wall thicknesses of -1.3 mm.

The structure for fixing the solar modules on the roof of the building, includes the frame holding the solar module, consisting of tubular elements of a rectangular cross-section profile (4.4), and the structural elements for fixing the frame holding the module to the roof (5.2, 5.3, 5.4).

The tubular element (4.4) of the frame supporting the solar module and its profile cross-section is a rectangular hollow, which has a profile rail (4.12, 4.13) on at least one side or upper wall, obtained by deepening the wall of the said rectangular tubular element (4.4) inside the profile. There can be 2 or 3 such rails on the tubular element (4.4).

According to the present invention, said tubular element profile (4.4) includes at least one internal longitudinal partition (4.15) connecting the recessed wall (4.12) of said profile rail with the opposite outer wall of said tubular element (4.4) or another recessed wall (4.13) of the profile, dividing the tubular the inner space of the element (4.4) along the tubular element (4.4).

If the tubular element (4.4) has two or more recessed outer walls, in this case it is sufficient that only one of these recessed side walls of the tubular element (4.4) is connected to the opposite wall of the rectangular tubular element (4.4).

If the cross-sectional profile of the tubular element (4.4) of the frame is not square, but rectangular with sides of unequal length, then in the most suitable case - the aforementioned internal partition 4.15 connects the recessed wall of the tubular element (4.4) with the opposite wall, parallel to the shorter side of the rectangular profile of the cross-section of the tubular element (4.4) border, that is, as shown in Figures 4a and 4b.

In the most suitable case, said internal partition (4.15) connects the recessed wall (4.12, 4.13) and the opposite outer wall of the profile, forming approximately right angles between said internal partition (4.15) and its connecting recessed and opposite external walls.

In the most appropriate case, the thickness of said internal partition (4.15) is equal to or close to the thickness of the recessed wall (4.12) of the tubular element (4.4). For example, if the wall thickness of the rectangular profile of the tubular element (4.4) holding the solar modules (SM) is 1.3 millimeters, then the recommended thickness of the mentioned internal partition 4.15 is also 1.3 millimeters.

Other parameters of the cross-sectional rectangular profile of the tubular element (4.4) are standard or known from this technical field, so they are not detailed further.

For example, the aforementioned tubular elements of the SM supporting frame (4.4) are usually made of aluminum, their wall thicknesses can be different.

The essential improvement of the tubular element (4.4) is: the inclusion of the mentioned internal partition in the construction of the tubular element (4.4), and the definition of the thickness and relative position of this partition in the internal cross-section of the profile, and the indication of the most suitable variant of the partition, which provides the best profile reinforcement effect.

In the second embodiment of the invention, a hollow tubular frame profile is used with the aforementioned additional internal longitudinal partition connecting the bottom wall of one of the recessed rails of the tubular element (4.4) with the opposite wall of the hollow profile. The use of this internal partition increases the resistance of the tubular element (4.4) and the SM supporting frame to specific external forces (rotation, tripping) that are expected during the operation of the solar modules, for example due to the weight of wind, rain and fallen thick snow.

Claims (5)

DEFINITION OF THE INVENTION 1. A structural system for mounting solar modules on a building roof, including - the frame supporting the solar module, consisting of tubular elements with a rectangular cross-section profile (4.4), - elements of the hook (5.1) of the frame holding the solar module to the roof structure, differing in that the mentioned hook (5.1) of the roof structure includes the following three elements: - a transverse U-shaped bracket (5.4) for fixing to roof rafters and/or lots, where one side wall is fixed to the lot, the lower wall to the rafter and/or to the lot, and the second side wall is for fixing to the frame supporting the solar module ; - intermediate u-shaped bracket (5.3); and - L-shaped bracket (5.2), where these three brackets (5.2, 5.3, 5.4) are connected to each other in this way 1 ) a u-shaped bracket (5.3) is screwed to the second wall of the U-shaped bracket (5.4) using its — segment, so that the screwed u-shaped bracket covers the top of the U-shaped bracket (5.4); 2) the L-shaped bracket (5.2) is screwed to the second end plane of the u-shaped bracket (5.3), so that one plane of the L-shaped bracket (5.2) touches the top of the second end plane of the u-shaped bracket (5.3), and the second L The plane of the -shaped bracket (5.2) is oriented upwards, where it is connected to the profile rail of the frame holding the solar module. 2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the U-shaped bracket (5.4) has one or more holes in each wall, fixing the U-shaped bracket (5.4) with screws and/or wood screws to the lot (2.10), rafters (2.9) and tubular elements of the structure of the frame supporting the solar module (4.4). 3. System according to points 1 or 2, which differs in that the U-shaped bracket (5.4), the u-shaped bracket (5.3), and the L-shaped bracket (5.2) forming the fastening hook (5.1) are made of metal, preferably steel . 4. Use of the system according to any of points 1-3, differing in that the solar module mounting system to the roof is attached to the roof structures with the mentioned mounting hook (5.1): a) when attaching the hook (5.1) to the roof rafter (2.9); b) attaching the hook (5.1) to the roof lot (2.10); c) attaching the hook (5.1) together to the roof rafter (2.9) and to the lot (2.10). 5. System according to any one of claims 1-4, in which the cross-sectional profile of the tubular element of the solar module supporting frame (4.4) is rectangular, and includes a profile rail (4.12, 4.13) recessed in at least one side or upper wall of the rectangular profile, characterized in that the tubular element (4.4) in its rectangular profile has at least one internal partition (4.15) from the wall of the recessed profile rail (4.12) to the opposite outer wall of the tubular element (4.4) or another recessed wall (4.13), where this partition of the tubular element (4.4) the space is divided along the tubular element (4.4).