LT7091B - OPTIMUM CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM AND METHOD OF USE OF BUILDINGS FROM THREE ELEMENTS AND A SET OF PARTS OF THESE ELEMENTS - Google Patents

Abstract

Optimal construction system and method of use of buildings, from a set of three elements and parts of these elements. This invention relates to a building structure, more specifically to a structure that uses three basic elements. These are structural insulated panels (SIP) (1) (structural insulated panel) and insulated joints (2, 3) and their parts, which can be cut, cut or joined. These elements are of certain sizes and made of materials with certain properties, so that when they and their parts are connected to each other in a certain way, strengthened with nails, screws or wood screws, and the joints are sealed with mounting foam, a frame, closed, tight "shell" structure of the building is obtained . Due to the use of insulated connectors, there are no cold bridges. The "shell" construction provides spatial stability, tightness, lightness, thermal efficiency of the building. Blocks assembled from such elements can be used for floors, walls, ceilings and roofs for the construction of residential, commercial or individual buildings. These elements are universal, so there is no need for a specific project - they can be produced continuously in the workshop and delivered to the warehouse. No concentrated loads, no need for traditional foundations. For construction, it is only necessary to prepare the compacted soil, the site and bring the pipes of engineering networks. Due to the universal use of the three elements and their parts of this system and the resulting effect, as well as the constant production of these elements to the warehouse, the cost of construction is significantly reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to a building structure, more specifically to a structure that uses prefabricated structural insulation panels (SIP), panel systems, together with elements such as joints that support the insulation barrier along the wall and are fasteners that reduce thermal changes between the building exterior and internal. In addition, these joints also play the role of reinforcement for overlays. Blocks assembled from such elements can be used for floors, walls, ceilings and roofs for the construction of residential, commercial or individual buildings. With an even load distribution throughout the building.

STATE OF THE ART

It has long been known that buildings stay warmer in cold climates and cooler in warm climates when certain insulating materials are used in the walls, ceilings and floors of the building. In order to increase energy efficiency, the thickness of the walls was increased, increasing the amount of insulating material in the walls. The amount of materials used, the duration of construction and the number of builders increase the cost of construction.

Structural insulated panels SIP (structural insulated panel) are used in order to increase energy efficiency and reduce costs. Since 1965, SIP has been known around the world as a strong and thermally resistant wall and roof construction system. The first buildings of this type have been built since 1930 in North America.

S IP panel houses are quickly and qualitatively assembled on the construction site, from panels specially made in the factory. Wooden dowels or double wooden beams are used for assembly, https://ecohouse.eu/technologija/.

Panels with frame constructions are glued with special glue and/or reinforced with wood screws. The structure of the house becomes solid, resistant to moisture and does not deform due to atmospheric effects (rain, cold, snow, heat).

The world is known for many registered inventions related to the construction of frame houses. One of them is, US4578909 (A), 04/01/1986. The building structure is insulated. This construction includes: two wall parts structural insulating panels (SIP) and a connecting element for connecting these parts, where each of these wall parts consists of a first and a second SIP, which have an outer surface and an inner surface and an insulating part joined between said outer and inner surfaces, so that the edges form a groove between the surfaces and is intended to accommodate the connecting means and to connect the said two panels (SIP). In this case, the mentioned connecting element is made up of three parts: external and internal fastening parts and insulating compacted polystyrene between them.

This connection (fastening part) is not stable enough to be used for overlays or roof construction.

There are many additional elements that need to be produced separately for each building of different architecture.

In addition, special knowledge is needed to construct the building.

It is also known that wooden dowels are used as connecting elements. However, it is an insufficiently insulating, heavy and expensive material.

But because of the concentrated loads of the building, foundations are needed.

FR3043418, 11/10/2015. The invention relates to a set of composite and wooden frame elements for the construction of thermally passive buildings. Lightweight insulating components are provided here. Simple assembly allows one builder to install and achieve high-quality insulation.

The disadvantage of this invention is that it is necessary to build the frame of the house and then attach the insulating components to it. For the construction of such a building, it is necessary to foresee the frame in advance and special tools and knowledge to construct it. There are also many additional elements that increase the cost of construction.

In addition, there are concentrated foundation loads in certain places, there is no uniform distribution of the load, and foundations are needed.

W02022081011, 10/16/2020. This invention is from the field of self-supporting modular systems for a building, in particular structural elements of buildings, for building from said modular system. An office and residential building, and a set of parts consisting of at least one element of the aforementioned modular building system.

The disadvantage of this system is that this modular system consists of many parts that need to be specially manufactured, which increases the cost of construction.

ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION

Currently, relevant goals in the field of construction have been set to make construction efficient, inexpensive and fast. But, also, that the built buildings meet the requirements of strength and energy efficiency.

In order to reduce the cost of construction of one or two-story residential, public or industrial buildings of various architectures, without losing energy efficiency, structural stability and strength, this new "Optimal wait" building construction system, which uses three main elements, is proposed. These elements are universal, so there is no need for a specific project - they can be produced continuously in the workshop and delivered to the warehouse. These are structural insulated panels (SIP) and insulated joints and their parts, which can be cut, cut or joined. After these elements and their parts are connected in a certain way by strengthening each other with nails, screws or wood screws, after sealing the connection points with mounting foam, a frame, closed, tight "shell" structure is obtained. Due to the use of insulated connectors, there are no cold bridges. The "shell" construction guarantees the building's spatial stability, tightness, lightness, thermal efficiency (A++ class can be reached when the building is considered passive). No concentrated loads, no need for traditional foundations. For construction, it is only necessary to prepare the compacted soil, the site and bring the pipes of engineering networks.

With this invention, due to the use of the above-mentioned three elements, their application by cutting or cutting, and their connection, the desired technical result is achieved:

- ease of construction - the weight of the heaviest part is about 65 kg, so it can be constructed without using additional mechanisms, the power of two people is enough;

- simplified construction process - no need for people with special education, it is easy to train new people;

- even distribution of the building's load - no special frame is needed, the structural frame of the building consists of joints evenly placed throughout the building's structure, and therefore no special foundations are needed, compacted soil base is sufficient;

- high energy efficiency, structural strength, integrity and stability - there are no cold bridges due to the insulated joints used, and when the joints are sealed with sealing foam and reinforced with nails or wood screws, a closed, tight "shell" structure of the building is formed.

Due to the universal use of the three elements and their parts of this system and the resulting effect, as well as the constant production of these elements to the warehouse, the cost of construction is significantly reduced.

In order to achieve the desired technical effect, using this new construction system of "Optimal wait" "Optimal walls" buildings, consisting of three elements and a set of parts of these elements, three main elements of this construction system and their optimal sizes are proposed:

the first element is a structural insulation panel (SIP), the length of which is 3 m, which corresponds to the traditional height of the room, the width is 0.6 m - the optimal pitch of the frame struts, the deepening between the outer and inner surfaces of the SIP, between which there is a smaller insulating layer, for for connection elements - to place the connections - the same around the entire perimeter - 0.05 m, and the thickness of the insulating layer depends on the desired level of energy efficiency, it can be thinner/thicker, when the most optimal stones - 0.2-0.3 m;

the second element is a connection with a width of 0.1 m and a height corresponding to the thickness of the insulating layer, the most optimal sizes are 0.2-0.3 m, which depends on the optimality of constructive connections, designed to withstand higher loads, such as the bottom, overlaps, roof or for strengthening the edges of windows and doors and maintaining thermal insulation properties, which includes: insulated double-layer beam consisting of two wooden sticks, plywood between them, and insulating materials in the spaces between the wooden sticks;

the third element - a connection with a width of 0.1 m and a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the insulating layer, the most optimal sizes are 0.2-0.3 m, which depends on the optimality of the constructive connections for the walls, which includes: the inner part - a wooden dowel , as a frame strut; the outer part - plywood, as a connection between the outer surfaces of SIP; an insulating layer between them, or if more strength is needed around windows or doors:

a reinforced joint, when additional plywood is added to the plywood, the width remains the same as other joints, and the insulating part is narrower, through the thickness of the plywood, or a reinforced joint, where a wood point is inserted instead of plywood, the width remains the same as other joints, and the insulating layer, respectively narrower.

Also, the specified technical effect is achieved due to the materials of the three elements and parts of these elements used for this building construction system, which are stable, durable and ecological: non-flammable, waterproof and inert panels are best suited for SIP external and internal surfaces - the most optimal for SIP external and internal surfaces materials: fibrolite (GreenBoard) panels, which include: wood wool - 60%, Portland cement (ordinary cement) - 39%, mineralizer (Sodium silicate, otherwise - glass water) - 1%; for the insulating layer - the material depends on the desired level of energy efficiency, that is, on the desired value of the thermal conductivity coefficient - the insulating layer - polystyrene foam EPS100N is best suited, with a thermal conductivity coefficient AD: 0.03 m ² K/W and compressive strength > 100 kPa, flexural strength >150 kPa or polyisocyanurate/polyurethane foam (PIR) with thermal conductivity coefficient AD: 0.022 m ² K/W, and similar, building class A++ is achieved using these materials; calibrated construction wood is also used in the joints.

Using this construction system of buildings, from a set of three elements and parts of these elements, the technical effect is achieved when:

the construction of the bottom includes: on the base of compacted soil, after bringing communications, according to the area of the selected project, connecting SIP elements, due to greater strength, over-insulated two-wire connections, fixing the edges between the SIP surfaces with a cut in half connection around the entire perimeter and cutting the SIP outer surface of the required size;

the construction of the walls includes: fixing the joint cut on the bottom according to the perimeter of the walls, fixing the upright SIPs on this joint and connecting them through joints, where more strength is needed, at windows or doors, through double or reinforced joints to strengthen the wall along the perimeter of the walls, at the top , fastening with a cut joint, between SIP surfaces;

construction of a wall or roof corner includes: connecting two SIPs cut at the required angle without cutting the part of the outer surface of the SIP to the insulation part, connecting the corner through a wooden dowel and gluing the insulation part together.

the construction of the roof or roof of the house includes: laying SIP, on top of the formed wall, for greater strength, connecting through double joints, and fastening, on the top of the walls between the SIP surfaces, a cut joint is attached, the edges are covered with a cut joint between the SIP surfaces along the entire perimeter and cut SIP of the required size outer surface.

Due to the dimensions, materials, arrangement and connection of the three elements of this system and the set of parts of these elements, - the even load distribution of the bottom, walls, ceilings, and roof structures of the building is determined; tightness; high energy efficiency; lightness; speed of building construction; simplicity and cheapness of building construction.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. - A schematic view of the wall and corner components of the building is provided.

Fig. - A schematic view of the connection of the walls of the building with an angle and the bottom is presented.

Fig. - A schematic view of the connection of the bottom of the building is provided.

Fig. - A schematic view of the corner parts of the building wall is provided.

Fig. - Images of reinforced joints provided.

Fig. - An image of a reinforced double beam is provided.

Fig. - An image of the connection of the roof or roof structure is presented.

Fig. - A general view of the connection of the building structure is presented.

Fig. - A schematic view of the integrated support frame is provided.

The drawings show the elements and their parts:

- structural insulation board (SIP) (the first element of the building structure); T - corner part of SIP (cut at the desired angle for the corner of the SIP wall); Connection 2 (the second element of the building structure); 2' - double beam; 3 - connection (the third element of the building structure); 3' - joint (joint 3 is cut lengthwise in half); 3" - reinforced connection (when plywood is added to connection 3, the width remains the same as connection 3, and the insulating part is narrower, through the thickness of the plywood); 3"' - reinforced connection (when a wooden dot is added instead of plywood in connection 3, the width remains the same as connection 3, and the insulating layer is correspondingly narrower); 4 - SIP external surface (part of the first element of the building structure); 4' - SIP outer surface (cut according to the height of connection 3); 5 - SIP inner surface (part of the first element of the building structure); 5' - cut SIP inner panel; 6 - SIP insulating layer (part of the first element of the building); 6' - cut SIP insulating part; 7 - wood point; 7' - wooden dot (cut in half; 8 - insulating layer (component 3 of the joint); 8' insulating layer (component 3' of the joint); 8" - insulating layer 3" of the reinforced joint (insulating layer 8 is narrower than the thickness of the plywood) ; 8"' - the insulating layer of the reinforced joint 3"' is the same as the width of the reinforced joint 3"; 9 - plywood (component of the joint 2); 9 ' - plywood (component of joint 3'); 10 - plywood (part of double beam 2'); 11 - insulating material (for insulation of double beam 2') 12 - for reinforcement of double beam 2'.

OPTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

This example (Fig. 8) presents an optimal construction system, where only three (Fig. 1) main elements (1), (2) and (3) and their parts are used, and the structural frame of the building consists of (Fig. 9) evenly through (Fig. 1, Fig. 5, Fig. 6) connectors (2, 3, 3', 3", 3"') connecting SIP (1) are arranged throughout the building structure. Where necessary, these three elements are adapted by cutting or re-cutting, and connected together, then strengthened with nails, screws or wood screws, sealed with mounting foam, thus creating a framework-tight "shell" structure. There are no cold bridges due to insulated connections. Due to the closed, tight "shell" construction structure, the building's spatial stability, tightness, lightness, and thermal efficiency are obtained (energy efficiency class A++ can be achieved when the building is considered passive).

In the presented examples, (Fig. 3, Fig. 7, Fig. 8) there is a joint (2) designed to withstand higher loads, as a bottom, overlaps, roof or for reinforcing the edges of windows, doors, and maintaining thermal insulation properties, which includes: insulated two-wire beam , consisting of two wooden points (7), plywood (10) between them and insulating materials (11) in the spaces between the wooden points. Where necessary, for longer overlaps, reinforced beams (Fig. 6) can be used, where plywood (12) is attached to the double beam (2') on both sides, etc.

In the presented examples, (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 8) you can see how the joint (3) for walls looks and is used, which includes: the inner part - a wooden dowel (7) as a frame strut, the outer part - plywood (9), insulating layer (8) between them or, if more strength is needed around windows or doors, (fig. 5a) reinforced joint (3”) when additional plywood (9) is connected to the plywood or (fig. 5b) joint (3”'), when a wooden dot (7) is added instead of plywood.

The given example, (Fig. 3) for the construction of the bottom, includes: on a base of compacted soil - classic foundations are not necessary - after bringing communications, according to the area of the selected project, connecting SIP (1) elements, for greater strength, through joints (2), filling the edges between the surfaces (4, 5) with the connector (3') - the connector (3) cut in half, and the outer surface (4).

The given example (Fig. 2) for the construction of the wall of the building includes: a connecting element (3') attached to the bottom according to the perimeter of the walls, fixing the upright SIP (1) on this connecting element (3') and connecting them together with connectors (3), where more strength is needed, at windows or doors, with joints (2) or (3”) to strengthen the wall through the perimeter of the walls, at the top, fastening with joint (3'), between surfaces (4, 5).

The given example, (Fig. 4) for the construction of the corner of the building wall, includes: two SIPs cut at the required angle, without cutting the part of the outer surface (4) of the SIP to the insulation part, (if a steep 90° angle is connected, the outer and inner surfaces of the SIP are cut at an angle of 45° in relation to (4, 5), connecting in the corner through a wooden dowel and gluing the cut SIP insulation parts (6') together.

The given example, (Fig. 7) for the construction of a roof or an overlay of a building, includes: SIP laying, on the formed wall for greater strength, connection through joints (2), and fixing, on the walls at the top between the outer and inner surfaces of the SIP (4, 5) of the attached connector (3'), sealing the edges between the outer and inner surfaces of the SIP (4, 5) with the connector (3') and the outer surface of the SIP (4').

The optimal sizes of the three elements of this system: length of SIP 3 m, which corresponds to the traditional height of the room, width 0.6 m, this is the optimal pitch of the frame struts, deepening between the outer and inner surfaces of the SIP (4, 5), between which there is a smaller insulating layer (6 ) for connecting elements - connectors (2, 3, 3', 3", 3"') is 0.05 m, the same around the entire perimeter, then the width of connectors (2, 3, 3', 3", 3"') is 0.1 m, and the thickness corresponds to the thickness of the insulating layer (6); optimal insulation layer - 0.2-0.3 m (according to the desired level of energy efficiency, the insulation layer can be thinner/thicker); the sizes of these elements are interrelated depending on the desired level of energy efficiency or the optimality of structural connections.

The materials of the three elements of this system, non-flammable, water-resistant and inert panels are best suited for the outer (4) and inner (5) surface of the SIP, the material for the insulating layer depends on the desired level of energy efficiency, that is, on the desired value of the thermal conductivity coefficient.

For the outer (4) and inner (5) surface of the SIP, fibrolite (GreenBoard) panels are best suited, consisting of: wood wool - 60%, portland cement or cement - 39%, mineralizer (Sodium silicate, otherwise - glass water) - 1%. A MgO (magnesium oxide) plate would also be suitable in terms of its parameters.

The insulating layer is preferably polystyrene foam EPS100N with a thermal conductivity coefficient AD: 0.03 m ² K/W and compressive strength - >100 kPa, bending strength - >150 kPa or polyisocyanurate/polyurethane foam (PIR) with a thermal conductivity coefficient AD : 0.022 m ² K/W.

For connections, it is best to use calibrated pine or spruce wood, plywood, and for insulation layers (8, 8', 8", 8"') or insulating materials for double-layer beams (11), polystyrene foam EPS100N with a thermal conductivity coefficient AD: 0.03 is best suited. m ² K/W and compressive strength - >100 kPa, bending strength - >150 kPa or polyisocyanurate/polyurethane foam (PIR) with thermal conductivity coefficient AD: 0.022 m ² K/W.

In order to illustrate and describe the present invention, the above description of implementation is provided. This is a partial representation of the building construction system, which can be used to build single or multi-story buildings of various architectures and purposes. When building more than two floors, additional supporting structure solutions are needed. This is not an exhaustive or limiting description. Other materials of appropriate strength and insulating properties may be used.

Claims (11)

DEFINITION OF THE INVENTION 1. An optimal construction system for buildings consisting of three elements and a set of parts of these elements, including structural insulation panels (SIPs) and joints to connect them, where each SIP has an outer surface and an inner surface and a smaller insulating part connected by gluing between said outer and inner surfaces surfaces, so that between the edges of these surfaces there is a groove for placing the connecting element, and two SIPs are connected, differing in that the three elements of this system include: the first element - the structural insulation panel (SIP) (1), the length of which is 3 m, which corresponds to the traditional height of the room, the width is 0.6 - the optimal pitch of the frame struts, the deepening between the outer and inner surfaces of the SIP (4, 5), between which there is a smaller insulating layer (6) intended for placing connecting elements - connectors (2, 3, 3', 3", 3"') - the same around the entire perimeter - 0.05 m, and the thickness of the insulating layer (6) depends on the desired energy efficiency level, can be thinner/thicker, when the optimal thicknesses are 0.2-0.3 m; the second element - a joint (2) intended to withstand higher loads, as a bottom, overlaps, roof or for strengthening the edges of windows, doors, and maintaining thermal insulation properties, which includes: a insulated double-layer beam (2), consisting of two wooden dowels (7), plywood (10) between them, and insulating materials (11) in the spaces between the wood planks; the third element - a joint (3) for the walls, which includes: the inner part - a wooden dowel (7) as a frame support; the outer part - plywood (9), as a connection between the outer surfaces of the SIP; an insulating layer (8) between them, or, if greater strength is required around windows or doors: - a reinforced joint (3”), when additional plywood (9) is added to the plywood (9), the width remains the same as the joint (3), and the insulating part is narrower, through the thickness of the plywood (9), or - the reinforced joint (3''), when a wooden dot (7) is inserted instead of plywood (9), the width remains the same as that of the joint (3), and the insulating layer is correspondingly narrower; when the width of the joints (2, 3, 3', 3", 3"') is 0.1 m, and the thickness corresponds to the thickness of the insulating layer (6), the best sizes are 0.2-0.3 m, which depends on the constructive connections optimality; their application by cutting or cutting, and their connection with each other in such a way as to form: maintaining an even distribution of structural loads of the entire building - bottom, walls, wall corners, overlaps, roof frame, when the structural frame consists of joints evenly placed throughout the building structure (2, 3, 3', 3", 3"'); and a closed, tight, integral external and internal building envelope, where joints are sealed with sealing foam and reinforced with nails or wood screws, resulting in high energy efficiency, tightness, integrity and stability. 2. The optimal construction system of buildings, consisting of three elements and a set of parts of these elements, according to point 1, differs in that the SIP for the external and internal surfaces (4, 5) is best suited for non-flammable, water-resistant and inert panels, for the insulating layer - the material depends on the desired level of energy efficiency, that is, from the desired value of the thermal conductivity coefficient. 3. The optimal construction system of buildings from a set of three elements and parts of these elements according to point 2, differing in that the most optimal materials are used for the external and internal surfaces (4, 5) of SIP: fibrolite (GreenBoard) panels, which consist of: wood wool - 60%, Portland cement (ordinary cement) - 39%, mineralizer (Sodium silicate, otherwise - glass water) -1%; a MgO (magnesium oxide) plate would also be suitable in terms of its parameters; insulating layer - preferably polystyrene foam EPS100N with a thermal conductivity coefficient AD: 0.03 m ² K/W and compressive strength greater than or equal to 100 kPa, bending strength greater than or equal to 150 kPa or polyisocyanurate/polyurethane foam (PIR) with thermal conductivity coefficient AD: 0.022 m ² K/W and similar, using these materials achieves the energy efficiency class A++ of the building. 4. The optimal construction system of buildings, consisting of three elements and a set of parts of these elements, according to any of points 1-3, differing in that the bottom of the structure includes: on a base of compacted soil, after bringing communications, according to the area of the selected project, SIP (1) connecting the elements, due to greater strength, through connectors (2), sealing the edges around the entire perimeter between the outer and inner surfaces of the SIP (4, 5) with the connector (3'), and the outer surface of the SIP (4'). 5. An optimal construction system of buildings, consisting of three elements and a set of parts of these elements, according to any one of points 1-3, differing in that the walls include: on the bottom of the structure along the perimeter of the walls, fixing a connection (3'), on this connection (3 ') fastening of upright SIPs and their connection through joints (3), where greater strength is needed, at windows or doors, through joints (2, 3") or (3"') to strengthen the wall along the perimeter of the walls, at the top between SIPs fastening of the outer and inner surfaces (4, 5) with a connector (3'). 6. Optimal construction system of buildings, from three elements and a set of parts of these elements, according to points 1-3, differing in that the corner of the wall or roof includes: connecting two SIP corner parts (T) in the corner, through a wooden dowel (7) and SIP gluing of insulating parts (6') together. 7. An optimal construction system of buildings, consisting of three elements and a set of parts of these elements, according to any of points 1-3, differing in that the roof or covering of the house includes: SIP laying, on the formed wall, for greater strength, connecting through joints (2 ), and fastening to the joint (3') fixed on the walls at the top between the outer and inner surfaces (4, 5) of the SIP, sealing the edges between the outer and inner surfaces (4, 5) of the SIP with the joint (3') and the outer surface of the SIP ( 4'). 8. The method of using the optimal construction system of buildings, consisting of three elements and a set of parts of these elements according to point 4, which differs in that the bottom is constructed on a compacted soil base, after bringing communications, according to the area of the selected project, SIP (1) elements are connected, due to of greater strength, through connectors (2), fasten the edges between the outer and inner surfaces of the SIP (4, 5) with the connector (3'), and insert the SIP with the outer surface (4'). 9. The method of using the optimal building construction system of three elements and a set of parts of these elements according to point 5, which differs in that the wall is constructed when a connecting element (3') is fixed on the bottom according to the perimeter of the walls, on this connecting element (3 ') fasten upright SIPs and connect them through joints (3), where greater strength is needed, at windows or doors, through joints (2) or (3") or (3"'), in order to strengthen the wall along the perimeter of the walls, at the top between the SIP surfaces (4, 5) is fixed the connection (3'). 10. The method of using the optimal building construction system of three elements and a set of parts of these elements according to point 6, which differs in that the corner of the wall or roof is constructed when two SIP corner parts (T) are connected in the corner, through a wooden point (7) , and the SIP insulating parts are glued together. 11. The method of using the optimal building construction system of three elements and a set of parts of these elements according to point 7, which differs in that the roof or roof of the house is constructed when SIP is laid on the formed wall, for greater strength it is connected through joints (2) , and fastens, to the joint (3') fixed at the top of the walls, fills the edges between the surfaces (4, 5) with the joint (3') and fills the outer surface (4').