LT5616B - Wind power plant with a cylindrical rotor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is related with an energetics, namely with a wind power plants with a cylindrical rotor. Wind power plant with a cylindrical rotor and wind directing device comprises of wind collector, wind reflector and weathercock mounted on the axis of the rotation, characterised by that the rotor has 6-10 blades in specified size rations of the elements. The proposed construction is efficient and reliable, at a wide range of wind speed.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of wind energy, namely to a wind turbine with a cylindrical rotor.

State of the art

Known power plants having a cylindrical rotor comprising a wind sampler, a wind divider and a windscreen are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. 4,017,204; 500,956; 4,198,280; 10,199; 4260325.

U.S. Patent No. 4,017,204, issued April 12, 1977, is characterized in that

- the rotor axis of the wind generator is horizontal with respect to the ground;

- different number and proportions of rotor blades;

- other ratio of blade width to rotor diameter;

- the wind generator is placed directly on the ground;

- the construction, geometry and proportions of the wind deflector, wind deflector, wind shield,

- no folding and no wings.

This plant has the following disadvantages:

- Rear rotor cover creates high resistance to air flow. The rotor and hood become inflatable, almost like a flat, solid barrier with a small slit at the bottom. The area of this cut is equal to a maximum of 1.5 rotor blade areas according to Figures 1 and 2, but this design is of low efficiency. The rotor operates at a load of 1.5 blades. The remaining wind flow bypasses the wind generator design;

- placing the wind generator on the ground reduces its efficiency, because here the wind speed is lower than high due to obstacles (buildings, forest). Raising this wind generator to a certain height requires a mast that requires a lot of material,

- irrational and material-intensive construction of wind deflector, wind deflector and wind shield in comparison to the functions they perform.

U.S. Patent No. 5,009,569, issued April 23, 1991, is characterized in that:

- the rotor axis of the wind generator is horizontal with respect to the ground;

- different number and proportions of rotor blades;

- other ratio of blade width to rotor diameter;

- the wind generator is placed directly on the ground;

- construction, geometry, and proportions of wind deflector, wind deflector, wind visor

- no folding and no wings.

In addition to the same drawbacks as described above, this power plant also has the following disadvantages:

- only one rotor blade is blown;

- The windscreen is placed in the shadow of the wind. The wind generator is unstable in wind direction and will vary in amplitude around 50 °;

- The windscreen is also placed on the ground, which prevents the wind generator from being raised above the ground.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,198,280, published Feb. 19, 1980, describes a wind generator with a cylindrical rotor, arranged horizontally, having a wind receiver and a wind deflector. The differences and disadvantages are the same as above.

In addition, such a structure cannot work. Closed wind flow passage through. He cannot turn himself in front. The wind will have to flow through the wind generator structure as a continuous barrier, similar to a wall. (see Fig. 1A).

Known wind engine according to U.S. Pat. 10,199, dated June 29, 1929, is almost the same - creating a wind shadow on one side of the blade rotor and dropping airflow on the other side of the rotor.

This design has its drawbacks.

With the wind deflector directing the flow of wind to the active sides of the rotor blades, there is no wind deflector, which prompted the author to move the vertical plane of the windscreen (rudder) away from the rotor axis of rotation. But it is placed in the shadow of the rotor wind, which allows the windscreen (rudder) plane to rotate at a significant angle a to the direction of the wind flow in order to equalize the force exerted by the wind deflector (see Fig. 1B).

It is clear from this drawing that the angle of attack of the wind stream β with respect to the wind deflector is useless.

The larger the angle a, the larger the angle β. The wind deflector fights the windscreen, thus creating an axle load and performing its second purpose of dropping airflow on the rotor blade.

The main differences between this technical solution.

1. Blade construction. The blades greatly complicate the design of the rotor, as well as its cost, and do not increase the torque compared to the expected arrangement of the rotor blades. The ratio of blade width to rotor diameter is 1/3, and their number and shape are optimal.

2. No windbreaker.

3. The windscreen is placed in the wind shade and moved away from the wind deflector to the opposite side.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,260,325, published July 7, 1973, describes a wind generator using a wind deflector and a wind sampler.

The design has the following disadvantages:

- The wind deflector of this design cannot absorb approximately 1/3 of the airflow. As a result, the balance of the wind pickup is not maintained and the air flow to the rotor blades is reduced. This causes the windscreen to have a curved shape towards the side of the windbreaker. With this arrangement of the wind deflector, the wind receiver, the wind visor, their shape and size, it is possible to doubt their stability with respect to the wind (see Fig. 1C).

- The forces Fi and F _{2 are} approximately equal and the shoulders hi and h _{2 are} distinctly different. The curved windscreen is partially off the cone in the shadow of the hood wind.

- The design and shape of the blades are very complex. Because the efficiency of the rotor depends on the intake air flow and the area of the inflatable active blades, the design of the rotor can be simplified.

- The use of a ball bearing at the rotor base is inefficient (conventional bearings have a lower coefficient of friction) and their operation in snow and dust becomes very complicated.

- Heavy-duty and material-intensive construction (rotor base, masts, tensioners).

Thus, known structures are bulky and unstable and have low efficiency in converting wind energy to rotor torque.

The object of the invention.

The object of the invention is to provide a high efficiency wind generator with a reliable design and operating over a wide range of wind speeds.

The essence of the invention.

The goal is achieved in this way.

A wind turbine with a cylindrical rotor and a wind guiding device comprising a wind receiver, a wind deflector and a windscreen mounted on a pivot axis is characterized in that the rotor has 10 blades at the following ratio of element sizes:

- blade width to length ratio: 1: 4 to 1: 8, preferably 1: 4;

- the ratio of the width of the blade B to the diameter of the rotor is 1: 2 to 1: 5, preferably 1: 3;

- the angle of attack a on the plane of the wind deflector C and the wind receiver D is 32 ° - 40 °, the angles γ and ω being 22 ° - 28 °;

- the product of the design windward force Fd, the width Ld of the take-off shoulder Pd is the product of the design width Lc of the windward deflector Fc of the shoulder Pc:

Ld xPd = LcxPc,

- the ratio of the wind force produced by the wind shield area Sn from the shoulder Ph to the product of the generated wind force deflector area Sc from the shoulder Pc must be greater than 1,5.

ShxPh -> 1.5

ScxPc

Preferably, the rotor has 8 blades.

The wind turbine is also characterized in that the width of the wind absorber is Ld = 0.25 rotor diameter, Pd = 2.5 Ld, the wind baffle width Lc = 0.42 rotor diameter, and Pc = 0.9Lc;

Preferably, the rotor blades are concave.

The wind turbine may additionally have upper and lower wings R 1 and R ₂ , and the wings have the following dimensions:

the wing width is 0.15 - 0.25 rotor diameter, the wing length is 0.3 - 0.6 rotor diameter.

The wind turbine is further characterized by the fact that the windscreen is designed to rotate in the plane of the axis of rotation, perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

The technical solution is shown in the drawings, where:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a prior art wind generator with a cylindrical rotor.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wind generator with a cylindrical rotor presenting the wind flow.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a wind generator with a cylindrical rotor with defined dimension lines.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a wind generator with a cylindrical rotor with defined dimension lines.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a wind generator with a cylindrical rotor with the windscreen mounted.

FIG. 6 is a general view of a wind generator with a cylindrical rotor.

FIG. 7 - Shapes of rotor blades.

Description of the implementation by example

The presented design belongs to wind generators with cylindrical rotor. The rotor consists of a curved blade (designated B in Fig. 2-4) mounted on a pivot axis (designated A in Fig. 2-4). This axis A has a rigid structure through its pivots, consisting of:

- windbreaker (designated C in Figures 2-4) with hinged (designated R in Fig. 2 4);

- wind receiver (marked with letter D in fig. 2-4);

- a windscreen (indicated by the letter H in Figures 2-5);

- Wings from the top of the rotor and from the bottom of the rotor (depicted in the letters R and R ₂ , fig. 24) ·

This design and rotor can rotate on the axis relative to each other. An electric generator is located at the bottom of the axle (marked with the letter G in Figs. 2-4). At the bottom of the rotor, the mast of the wind generator is supported by three tensioners (marked with letter E in Fig. 4) spaced 120 ° relative to each other.

Proportions and relationships.

The width ratio of the shoulder (indicated by the letter B in Figure 2-4) is approximately 1/4 of its length.

The ratio of the width of the blade B to the diameter of the rotor is approximately 1/2 to 1/4.

The angle of attack of the wind on the plane C of the wind deflector and the wind sampler D (denoted by a in Fig. 1a) are 32 ° to 40 °.

The projected downwind force (marked Fd in Fig. 3) multiplied by the width of the wind receiver (marked in Ld Fig.3) by the shoulder (denoted by Pd in Fig. 3) ) from the shoulder (marked Pc in Figure 3) by:

LdxPd = LcxPc where: Ld equals 0,25 rotor diameter, Pd = 2,5 Ld, Lc equals 0,42 rotor diameter, Pc =

Lc.

The ratio of the wind force produced by the product of the windscreen area (marked Sh in Fig. 4) and the shoulder (represented by Ph in Fig. 4) to the fraction of the wind force produced from the product windmill area (marked in Sc in Fig. 4) and the shoulder be greater than 1.5.

ShxPh -> 1.5

ScxPc

The wind deflector C ends in a fold (marked R in Fig. 2) over the whole area, with a projected wind value of 0.2 Lc.

Lr = 0.2Lc.

The upper and lower wings (R | and R _{2 in} Fig. 2; 4) have the following dimensions:

- wing width equal to 0,4 to 0,8 rotor blade width,

- Wing length equal to 0.8 - 1.2 rotor blade width.

The maximum coefficient of wind utilization and consequently the maximum power of the wind generator rises when the blade centers move at the following speeds:

- 1.1 m / s at wind speeds of 3.5 m / s.

- 2 m / s at wind speeds of 6 m / s.

Operating principle.

The wind baffle C (Fig. 2) protects the curved sides of the rotor blades from the air flow and guides it to the curved sides of the rotor blades. The wind pickup D (Fig. 2) captures the air flow and also deflects into the concave sides of the rotor blades. Pressing the wind into the wind deflector and the wind sampler forces Fc Fd (Fig. 2). The arrangement and proportions of the wind chopper and windscreen allow the structure (wind chopper, wind trap, windscreen) to be balanced in the wind. The windscreen H (Fig. 2) orients the structure against the wind flow. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the air flow pressure acts on the four cylindrical rotor blades 1, 2, 3, 4, creating a torque on the axis A. The rotation through the multiplier transmits to the generator G (Fig. 2), thereby increasing the resistance when strong wind blows. The wind baffle C (Fig. 2) is completed by the flap R (Fig. 2), which helps to balance the wind receiver and creates a discharge in the passive area of the rotor blades. The wings R, and R ₂ also generate discharge in the passive blade area of the rotor.

The windscreen H (Fig. 2-3) may descend parallel to the axis A of the rotor, rotating about the pivot Z (Figs. 2 - 3). When the hurricane blows, the windscreen is lowered and the structure is in the lowest airflow resistance position, and the rotor can continue to operate in lighter mode (Fig. 5) ·

This design position (wind deflector, wind deflector, windscreen) reduces wind load on the support stem without stopping the generator.

Thus, the presented wind generator with a cylindrical rotor has substantial differences from the existing ones and is characterized by the following features:

- Shape, number and dimensions of blades. The optimal ratio of blade width to rotor diameter is 1/3, and the blade width to length ratio is -1/4.

- Shape and layout of the wind deflector.

- There is a wind sampler.

- Shape and layout of the windscreen.

- Rotor support structure.

- Folding and wings.

Such a set of attributes is unknown in the art, which has a sufficiently long history. The absence of data on such equipment ratios and parameters is indicative of the level of the invention.

Industrial applicability is obvious due to the simplicity of the construction.

Claims (6)

1. A wind turbine having a cylindrical rotor and a wind guiding device comprising a wind sampler, a wind chopper and a windscreen mounted on a pivot axis, characterized in that the rotor has 6-10 blades at this element ratio; - the ratio of the blade width to its length is 1: 4-1: 8, preferably 1: 4; blade B to rotor diameter ratio of 1: 2-1.5, preferably 1: 3; - the angle of attack a on the plane of the wind deflector C and the wind receiver D is 32 ° 40 °, the angles γ and ω being 22 ° - 28 °; - the product of the design windward force Fd, the width Ld of the take-off shoulder Pd is the product of the design width Lc of the windward deflector Fc of the shoulder Pc: Ld xPd = LcxPc, - the ratio of the wind force shear area Sh from the shoulder Ph to the product of the wind force deflector area Sc from the shoulder Pc shall be greater than 1,5: ShxPh -> 1.5. ScxPc Wind farm according to Claim 1, characterized in that the rotor preferably has 8 blades. 3. A wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the wind absorber is Ld = 0.25 rotor diameter, Pd = 2.5 Ld, the wind baffle width Lc = 0.42 rotor diameter and Pc = 0.9 Lc. 4. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor blades are concave. Wind farm according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally has upper and lower wings R and R2, which have the following dimensions: - a wing width of 0.15 to 0.25 rotor diameter and a wing length of 0.3 to 0.6 rotor diameter. 6. A wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the windscreen is designed to rotate in the plane of the axis of rotation, perpendicular to the axis of rotation.